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Cao N, Jiang Y, Song ZB, Chen D, Wu D, Chen ZL, Yan YJ. Synthesis and evaluation of novel meso-substitutedphenyl dithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-fused BODIPY derivatives as efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116012. [PMID: 38056302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new photosensitizer drugs with long wavelength Uv-vis absorption, high efficiency and low side-effects is still a challenge in photodynamic therapy. Here a series of novel meso-substitutedphenyl thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-fused BODIPY derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized. All these compounds have strong absorption at 640-680 nm and obvious fluorescence emission at 650-760 nm. They exhibited high singlet oxygen generation ability and significant photodynamic efficiency against Eca-109 cancer cells. Compounds II4, II6, II9, II10 and II13 could generate intracellular ROS and induce cell apoptosis after laser irradiation, which displayed superior photodynamic efficiency against Eca-109 cells than Temoporfin in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound II4 specifically exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy, and could be selected as a new drug candidate for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Danye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201620, China.
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2
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Waite R, Adams CT, Chisholm DR, Sims CHC, Hughes JG, Dias E, White EA, Welsby K, Botchway SW, Whiting A, Sharples GJ, Ambler CA. The antibacterial activity of a photoactivatable diarylacetylene against Gram-positive bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243818. [PMID: 37808276 PMCID: PMC10556703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to human health, and therefore, alternatives to existing compounds are urgently needed. In this context, a novel fluorescent photoactivatable diarylacetylene has been identified and characterised for its antibacterial activity, which preferentially eliminates Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria. Experiments confirmed that the Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide-rich outer surface is responsible for tolerance, as strains with reduced outer membrane integrity showed increased susceptibility. Additionally, bacteria deficient in oxidative damage repair pathways also displayed enhanced sensitivity, confirming that reactive oxygen species production is the mechanism of antibacterial activity. This new diarylacetylene shows promise as an antibacterial agent against Gram-positive bacteria that can be activated in situ, potentially for the treatment of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Waite
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Joshua G. Hughes
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Dias
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A. White
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Welsby
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Whiting
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J. Sharples
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A. Ambler
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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3
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Para-N-Methylpyridinium Pyrenes: Impact of Positive Charge on ds-DNA/RNA and Protein Recognition, Photo-Induced Bioactivity, and Intracellular Localisation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112499. [PMID: 36432689 PMCID: PMC9696974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2- and 2,7- substituted para-N-methylpyridinium pyrene cations show high-affinity intercalation into ds-DNAs, whereas their non-methylated analogues interacted with ds-DNA/RNA only in the protonated form (at pH 5), but not at physiological conditions (pH 7). The fluorescence from non-methylated analogues was strongly dependent on the protonation of the pyridines; consequently, they act as fluorescence ratiometric probes for simultaneous detection of both ds-DNA and BSA at pH 5, relying on the ratio between intensities at 420 nm (BSA specific) and 520 nm (DNA specific), whereby exclusively ds-DNA sensing could be switched-off by adjustment to pH 7. Only methylated, permanently charged pyrenes show photoinduced cleavage of circular DNA, attributed to pyrene-mediated irradiation-induced production of singlet oxygen. Consequently, the moderate toxicity of these cations against human cell lines is strongly increased upon irradiation. Detailed studies revealed increased total ROS production in cells treated by the compounds studied, accompanied by cell swelling and augmentation of cellular complexity. The most photo-active 2-para-N-methylpyridinium pyrene showed significant localization at mitochondria, its photo-bioactivity likely due to mitochondrial DNA damage. Other derivatives were mostly non-selectively distributed between various cytoplasmic organelles, thus being less photoactive.
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Božinović K, Nestić D, Michail E, Ferger M, Košćak M, Lambert C, Majhen D, Marder TB, Piantanida I. Diethynylarene-linked bis(triarylborane)cations as theranostic agents for tumor cell and virus-targeted photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112523. [PMID: 35868133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported diethynylarene-linked bis(triarylborane) tetracations which show remarkable fluorimetric and Raman-SERS sensing of DNA/RNA. In the current study, we show that they exhibit promising photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based biological activity on human cell lines and adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5), acting as theranostic agents. All compounds efficiently enter living cells showing negligible antiproliferative activity. Bis-thiophene- and anthracene- analogues bind non-covalently to HAdV5 virus with high affinity, the anthracene-analogue itself causing a moderate antiviral effect, i.e., decreased ability of the virus to infect human cells. Irradiation of bis-thiophene- and anthracene- analogues with visible light (400-700 nm) caused a very rapid (within 1 min) and strong increase in cytotoxicity, as well as an order of magnitude increase in antiviral activity, attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photochemical studies of the compounds revealed that, upon irradiation, they produce singlet oxygen, which correlates with the observed light-induced bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Božinović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Nestić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ferger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marta Košćak
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Ghodsinia SSE, Akhlaghinia B, Jahanshahi R. Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in triple-shelled graphitic carbon nitride (Co3O4/TSCN): a new sustainable and high-performance hierarchical catalyst for the Pd/Cu-free Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling reaction in solvent-free conditions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Nonoshita D, Kashihara W, Tanabe K, Isozaki T, Xu YZ, Suzuki T. Excited States of Thio-2'-deoxyuridine Bearing an Extended π-Conjugated System: 3',5'-Di- O-acetyl-5-phenylethynyl-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:597-606. [PMID: 33307688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new thio-2'-deoxyuridine with an extended π-conjugated group was successfully synthesized: 3',5'-di-O-acetyl-5-phenylethynyl-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine. The thio-2'-deoxyuridine derivative has a large red-shifted absorption band in the UVA region and also shows fluorescence, a rare photo-property among thionucleobases/thionucleosides. The triplet-triplet absorption spectrum and the rate constants (the intrinsic decay rate constant of the triplet state, the self-quenching rate constant, and the quenching rate constant of the triplet state by an oxygen molecule) of the thio-2'-deoxyuridine were obtained by transient absorption spectroscopy. The quantum yield of intersystem crossing and the quantum yield of singlet molecular oxygen formation (ϕΔ) under an oxygen atmosphere were also determined. The ϕΔ value of the new thio-2'-deoxyuridine was found to be substantially higher than all reported values of other thio-2'-deoxyribonucleosides in low oxygen concentrations similar to cancer cell environments. The fluorescence quantum yield depended on the excitation wavelength, revealing certain photochemical reactions in the higher excited singlet states. However, when excited into the higher excited state with non-resonant two-photon absorption, the ϕΔ of the thio-2'-deoxyuridine derivative was found to remain sufficiently large. These findings should be very useful for the development of thio-2'-deoxyribonucleoside-based pharmaceuticals as DNA-specific photosensitizers for photochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nonoshita
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Kashihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Isozaki
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, J. F. Oberlin University, Tokiwa-machi, Machida 194-0294, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yao Zhong Xu
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Keynes MK7 6AA, U.K
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Chisholm DR, Hughes JG, Blacker TS, Humann R, Adams C, Callaghan D, Pujol A, Lembicz NK, Bain AJ, Girkin JM, Ambler CA, Whiting A. Cellular localisation of structurally diverse diphenylacetylene fluorophores. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9231-9245. [PMID: 32966518 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are increasingly used as reporter molecules in a wide variety of biophysical experiments, but when designing new compounds it can often be difficult to anticipate the effect that changing chemical structure can have on cellular localisation and fluorescence behaviour. To provide further chemical rationale for probe design, a series of donor-acceptor diphenylacetylene fluorophores with varying lipophilicities and structures were synthesised and analysed in human epidermal cells using a range of cellular imaging techniques. These experiments showed that, within this family, the greatest determinants of cellular localisation were overall lipophilicity and the presence of ionisable groups. Indeed, compounds with high log D values (>5) were found to localise in lipid droplets, but conversion of their ester acceptor groups to the corresponding carboxylic acids caused a pronounced shift to localisation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mildly lipophilic compounds (log D = 2-3) with strongly basic amine groups were shown to be confined to lysosomes i.e. an acidic cellular compartment, but sequestering this positively charged motif as an amide resulted in a significant change to cytoplasmic and membrane localisation. Finally, specific organelles including the mitochondria could be targeted by incorporating groups such as a triphenylphosphonium moiety. Taken together, this account illustrates a range of guiding principles that can inform the design of other fluorescent molecules but, moreover, has demonstrated that many of these diphenylacetylenes have significant utility as probes in a range of cellular imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Chisholm
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joshua G Hughes
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK and Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Thomas S Blacker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel Humann
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK and High Force Research Limited, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5PF, UK
| | - Candace Adams
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK.
| | - Daniel Callaghan
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK.
| | - Alba Pujol
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK.
| | - Nicola K Lembicz
- High Force Research Limited, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5PF, UK
| | - Angus J Bain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John M Girkin
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Carrie A Ambler
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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9
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Midorikawa K, Tsuchiya K, Law SSY, Miyagi Y, Asai T, Iino T, Ozeki Y, Kodama Y, Numata K. Cellular internalization mechanism of novel Raman probes designed for plant cells. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:204-208. [PMID: 34458759 PMCID: PMC8341950 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00128g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphenylacetylene derivatives containing different polymeric components, poly(l-lysine) (pLys) or tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEG) were designed as novel Raman imaging probes with high Raman sensitivity and low cytotoxicity in living plant cells. The pLys-conjugated probe is internalized via an endocytosis-dependent pathway, whereas TEG-conjugated probe most likely induces direct penetration into the plant cells. Diphenyl acetylene derivatives containing various polymeric components have been designed as new Raman imaging probes. These are taken up by plant cells via different pathways, and the internalization of exogenous molecules can be visualized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Midorikawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan .,Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Simon Sau Yin Law
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yu Miyagi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuya Asai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takanori Iino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan .,Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University Tochigi 321-5805 Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan .,Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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10
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Gala de Pablo J, Chisholm DR, Ambler CA, Peyman SA, Whiting A, Evans SD. Detection and time-tracking activation of a photosensitiser on live single colorectal cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2020; 145:5878-5888. [PMID: 32662453 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been used to observe uptake, metabolism and response of single-cells to drugs. Photodynamic therapy is based on the use of light, a photosensitiser and oxygen to destroy tumour tissue. Here, we used single-cell Raman spectroscopy to study the uptake and intracellular degradation of a novel photosensitiser with a diphenylacetylene structure, DC473, in live single-cells from colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines SW480, HT29 and SW620. DC473 was seen to predominantly accumulate in lipid droplets, showing higher accumulation in HT29 and SW620 cells than in SW480 cells, with a broader DC473 peak shifted to higher wavenumbers. DC473 activation and effects were tracked on live single-cells for 5 minutes. Upon exposure to UV light, the DC473 signal intensity dropped, with remaining DC473 shifting towards higher wavenumbers and widening, with a lifetime of approximately 50 seconds. Morphologically, SW480 and SW620 cells showed changes upon photodynamic therapy, whereas HT29 cells showed no changes. Morphological changes correlated with higher remaining DC473 signal after UV exposure. Our research suggests that DC473 forms aggregates within the cells that disaggregate following activation, showing the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the study of time-dependent single-cell pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gala de Pablo
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Elhussin IEH, Zhang S, Liu J, Li D, Zhang Q, Li S, Tian X, Wu J, Tian Y. A novel water-soluble quinoline–indole derivative as a three-photon fluorescent probe for identifying nucleolus RNA and mitochondrial DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1859-1862. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09640j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present the design and synthesis of water-soluble quinoline–indole-based derivatives (IM-1, IM-2, and IM-3) with three-photon absorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Elddin Haj Elhussin
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- School of Life Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institutes of Physics Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- School of Life Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
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12
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He J, Yang K, Zhao J, Cao S. LiHMDS-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Aryl Fluorides with Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:9714-9718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Song Cao
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Zolfaghari R, Mattie FJ, Wei CH, Chisholm DR, Whiting A, Ross AC. CYP26A1 gene promoter is a useful tool for reporting RAR-mediated retinoid activity. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:98-109. [PMID: 31039331 PMCID: PMC6570419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Of numerous genes regulated by retinoic acid (RA), CYP26A1 is the most inducible gene by RA. In this study, we have used a shortened construct form, E4, of the CYP26A1 gene promoter, in a promoter-less vector with either luciferase or red fluorescent protein (RFP) as the reporter gene and have tested its responses to retinoids in transfected HepG2 and HEK293T cells. The promoter responded linearly to a wide concentration range of RA in cells cotransfected with retinoic acid receptors. It also responded quantitatively to retinol and other retinoids. An isolated clonal line of HEK293T cells permanently transfected with the promoter driving the expression of RFP responded to both RA and retinol, and the responses could be measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The promoter was used to assess the retinoid activity of 3 novel synthetic retinoid analogues, as well as of the intact serum samples of rats. Among the synthetic retinoid analogues tested, EC23 is more potent than RA at lower concentrations and was more stable than RA. The retinoid activities could be measured in control rat serum samples and were increased in the serum of RA-treated rats. This system offers a biologically-based alternative to mass-based retinoid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Floyd J Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David R Chisholm
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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