1
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Swaminathan U, Pucadyil TJ. Reconstituting membrane fission using a high content and throughput assay. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1449-1457. [PMID: 38747723 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Protein-mediated membrane fission has been analyzed both in bulk and at the single event resolution. Studies on membrane fission in vitro using tethers have provided fundamental insights into the process but are low in throughput. In recent years, supported membrane template (SMrT) have emerged as a facile and convenient assay system for membrane fission. SMrTs provide useful information on intermediates in the pathway to fission and are therefore high in content. They are also high in throughput because numerous fission events can be monitored in a single experiment. This review discusses the utility of SMrTs in providing insights into fission pathways and its adaptation to annotate membrane fission functions in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Swaminathan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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2
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Spencer RKW, Santos-Pérez I, Rodríguez-Renovales I, Martinez Galvez JM, Shnyrova AV, Müller M. Membrane fission via transmembrane contact. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2793. [PMID: 38555357 PMCID: PMC10981662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Division of intracellular organelles often correlates with additional membrane wrapping, e.g., by the endoplasmic reticulum or the outer mitochondrial membrane. Such wrapping plays a vital role in proteome and lipidome organization. However, how an extra membrane impacts the mechanics of the division has not been investigated. Here we combine fluorescence and cryo-electron microscopy experiments with self-consistent field theory to explore the stress-induced instabilities imposed by membrane wrapping in a simple double-membrane tubular system. We find that, at physiologically relevant conditions, the outer membrane facilitates an alternative pathway for the inner-tube fission through the formation of a transient contact (hemi-fusion) between both membranes. A detailed molecular theory of the fission pathways in the double membrane system reveals the topological complexity of the process, resulting both in leaky and leakless intermediates, with energies and topologies predicting physiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K W Spencer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Isaac Santos-Pérez
- Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio, Spain
| | - Izaro Rodríguez-Renovales
- BREM Basque Resource for Electron Microscopy, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Pérez-Jover I, Rochon K, Hu D, Mahajan M, Madan Mohan P, Santos-Pérez I, Ormaetxea Gisasola J, Martinez Galvez JM, Agirre J, Qi X, Mears JA, Shnyrova AV, Ramachandran R. Allosteric control of dynamin-related protein 1 through a disordered C-terminal Short Linear Motif. Nat Commun 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38168038 PMCID: PMC10761769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanochemical GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) catalyzes mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission, but the regulatory mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here we find that a conserved, intrinsically disordered, six-residue Short Linear Motif at the extreme Drp1 C-terminus, named CT-SLiM, constitutes a critical allosteric site that controls Drp1 structure and function in vitro and in vivo. Extension of the CT-SLiM by non-native residues, or its interaction with the protein partner GIPC-1, constrains Drp1 subunit conformational dynamics, alters self-assembly properties, and limits cooperative GTP hydrolysis, surprisingly leading to the fission of model membranes in vitro. In vivo, the involvement of the native CT-SLiM is critical for productive mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission, as both deletion and non-native extension of the CT-SLiM severely impair their progression. Thus, contrary to prevailing models, Drp1-catalyzed membrane fission relies on allosteric communication mediated by the CT-SLiM, deceleration of GTPase activity, and coupled changes in subunit architecture and assembly-disassembly dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Jover
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika, CSIC, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Kristy Rochon
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh Mahajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Pooja Madan Mohan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Isaac Santos-Pérez
- Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology, Park Bld 800, 48160-Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Julene Ormaetxea Gisasola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika, CSIC, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika, CSIC, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Agirre
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Instituto Biofisika, CSIC, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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4
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Liu H, Xu S, Yong T, Wei Z, Bie N, Zhang X, Li X, Li J, Li S, Wang S, Zhao Y, Yang X, Gan L. Hydrophobicity-Adaptive Polymers Trigger Fission of Tumor-Cell-Derived Microparticles for Enhanced Anticancer Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211980. [PMID: 37755231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-cell-derived microparticles (MPs) can function as anticancer drug-delivery carriers. However, short blood circulation time, large-size-induced insufficient tumor accumulation and penetration into tumor parenchyma, as well as limited cellular internalization by tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and difficult intracellular drug release restrict the anticancer activity of tumor-cell-derived MP-based drug-delivery systems. In this work, hydrophobicity-adaptive polymers based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are anchored to tumor-cell-derived MPs for enhanced delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The polymers are hydrophilic in blood to prolong the circulation time of DOX-loaded MPs (DOX@MPs), while rapidly switching to hydrophobic at the tumor acidic microenvironment. The hydrophobicity of polymers drives the fission of tumor-cell-derived MPs to form small vesicles, facilitating tumor accumulation, deep tumor penetration, and efficient internalization of DOX@MPs into tumor cells and CSCs. Subsequently, the hydrophobicity of polymers in acidic lysosomes further promotes DOX release to nuclei for strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells and CSCs. The work provides a facile and simple strategy for improved anticancer drug delivery of tumor-cell-derived MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiyi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tuying Yong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhaohan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nana Bie
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianye Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanbing Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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5
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Wang X, Espadas J, Wu Y, Cai S, Ge J, Shao L, Roux A, De Camilli P. Membrane remodeling properties of the Parkinson's disease protein LRRK2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309698120. [PMID: 37844218 PMCID: PMC10614619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309698120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are responsible for late-onset autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 has been implicated in a wide range of physiological processes including membrane repair in the endolysosomal system. Here, using cell-free systems, we report that purified LRRK2 directly binds acidic lipid bilayers with a preference for highly curved bilayers. While this binding is nucleotide independent, LRRK2 can also deform low-curvature liposomes into narrow tubules in a guanylnucleotide-dependent but Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-independent way. Moreover, assembly of LRRK2 into scaffolds at the surface of lipid tubules can constrict them. We suggest that an interplay between the membrane remodeling and signaling properties of LRRK2 may be key to its physiological function. LRRK2, via its kinase activity, may achieve its signaling role at sites where membrane remodeling occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Javier Espadas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, GenevaCH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Shujun Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Jinghua Ge
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, GenevaCH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
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6
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Ebrahimkutty M, Duan J, Nüsse H, Klingauf J, Galic M. Negatively curved cellular membranes promote BAIAP2 signaling hub assembly. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6759-6769. [PMID: 36943331 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane deformations are associated with curvature-dependent protein enrichment that contributes to a wide array of cellular functions. While the spatio-temporal protein dynamics at membrane indentations is well characterized, relatively little is known about protein kinetics at outwardly deforming membrane sites. This is in part due to the lack of high throughput approaches to systematically probe the curvature-dependence of protein-membrane interactions. Here, we developed a nanopatterned array for multiplexed analysis of protein dynamics at negatively curved cellular membranes. Taking advantage of this robust and versatile platform, we explored how membrane shape influences the prototypic negative curvature sensing protein BAIAP2 and its effector proteins. We find assembly of multi-protein signaling hubs and increased actin polymerization at outwardly deformed membrane sections, indicative of curvature-dependent BAIAP2 activation. Collectively, this study presents technical and conceptual advancements towards a quantitative understanding of spatio-temporal protein dynamics at negatively curved membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirsana Ebrahimkutty
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
- 'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany
- CIM-IMPRS Graduate School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Junxiu Duan
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
- 'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany
- CIM-IMPRS Graduate School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Harald Nüsse
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
- 'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Germany.
- 'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, Germany
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7
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Bashkirov PV, Kuzmin PI, Vera Lillo J, Frolov VA. Molecular Shape Solution for Mesoscopic Remodeling of Cellular Membranes. Annu Rev Biophys 2022; 51:473-497. [PMID: 35239417 PMCID: PMC10787580 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-011422-100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes self-assemble from and interact with various molecular species. Each molecule locally shapes the lipid bilayer, the soft elastic core of cellular membranes. The dynamic architecture of intracellular membrane systems is based on elastic transformations and lateral redistribution of these elementary shapes, driven by chemical and curvature stress gradients. The minimization of the total elastic stress by such redistribution composes the most basic, primordial mechanism of membrane curvature-composition coupling (CCC). Although CCC is generally considered in the context of dynamic compositional heterogeneity of cellular membrane systems, in this article we discuss a broader involvement of CCC in controlling membrane deformations. We focus specifically on the mesoscale membrane transformations in open, reservoir-governed systems, such as membrane budding, tubulation, and the emergence of highly curved sites of membrane fusion and fission. We reveal that the reshuffling of molecular shapes constitutes an independent deformation mode with complex rheological properties.This mode controls effective elasticity of local deformations as well as stationary elastic stress, thus emerging as a major regulator of intracellular membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Bashkirov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter I Kuzmin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain;
| | - Vadim A Frolov
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Haward SJ, Hopkins CC, Varchanis S, Shen AQ. Bifurcations in flows of complex fluids around microfluidic cylinders. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4041-4059. [PMID: 34647558 PMCID: PMC8549630 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow around a cylinder is a classical problem in fluid dynamics and also one of the benchmarks for testing viscoelastic flows. The problem is of wide relevance to understanding many microscale industrial and biological processes and applications, such as porous media and mucociliary flows. In recent years, we have developed model microfluidic geometries consisting of very slender cylinders fabricated in glass by selective laser-induced etching. The cylinder radius is small compared with the channel width, which allows the effects of the stagnation points in the flow to dominate over the effects of squeezing between the cylinder and the channel walls. Furthermore, the cylinders are contained in high aspect ratio microchannels that render the flow field approximately two-dimensional (2D) and therefore conveniently permit comparison between experiments and 2D numerical simulations. A number of different viscoelastic fluids including wormlike micellar and various polymer solutions have been tested in our devices. Of particular interest to us has been the occurrence of a striking, steady-in-time, flow asymmetry that occurs for certain non-Newtonian fluids when the dimensionless Weissenberg number (quantifying the importance of elastic over viscous forces in the flow) increases above a critical value. In this perspective review, we present a summary of our key findings related to this novel flow instability and present our current understanding of the mechanism for its onset and growth. We believe that the same fundamental mechanism may also underlie some important non-Newtonian phenomena observed in viscoelastic flows around particles, drops, and bubbles, or through geometries composed of multiple bifurcation points such as cylinder arrays and other porous media. Knowledge of the instability we discuss will be important to consider in the design of optimally functional lab-on-a-chip devices in which viscoelastic fluids are to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Haward
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Cameron C Hopkins
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Stylianos Varchanis
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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9
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Mahajan M, Bharambe N, Shang Y, Lu B, Mandal A, Madan Mohan P, Wang R, Boatz JC, Manuel Martinez Galvez J, Shnyrova AV, Qi X, Buck M, van der Wel PCA, Ramachandran R. NMR identification of a conserved Drp1 cardiolipin-binding motif essential for stress-induced mitochondrial fission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023079118. [PMID: 34261790 PMCID: PMC8307854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023079118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form tubular networks that undergo coordinated cycles of fission and fusion. Emerging evidence suggests that a direct yet unresolved interaction of the mechanoenzymatic GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with mitochondrial outer membrane-localized cardiolipin (CL), externalized under stress conditions including mitophagy, catalyzes essential mitochondrial hyperfragmentation. Here, using a comprehensive set of structural, biophysical, and cell biological tools, we have uncovered a CL-binding motif (CBM) conserved between the Drp1 variable domain (VD) and the unrelated ADP/ATP carrier (AAC/ANT) that intercalates into the membrane core to effect specific CL interactions. CBM mutations that weaken VD-CL interactions manifestly impair Drp1-dependent fission under stress conditions and induce "donut" mitochondria formation. Importantly, VD membrane insertion and GTP-dependent conformational rearrangements mediate only transient CL nonbilayer topological forays and high local membrane constriction, indicating that Drp1-CL interactions alone are insufficient for fission. Our studies establish the structural and mechanistic bases of Drp1-CL interactions in stress-induced mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Mahajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nikhil Bharambe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Yutong Shang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Pooja Madan Mohan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rihua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jennifer C Boatz
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Instituto Biofisika and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Instituto Biofisika and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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