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Geetha Sadasivan Nair R, Narayanan Nair AK, Sun S. Density functional theory study of doped coronene and circumcoronene as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15220. [PMID: 38956188 PMCID: PMC11219892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations are carried out to investigate the adsorption properties of Li+ and Li on twenty-four adsorbents obtained by replacement of C atoms of coronene (C24H12) and circumcoronene (C54H18) by Si/N/BN/AlN units. The molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis show that such replacements lead to an increase of the electron-rich environments in the molecules. Li+ is relatively strongly adsorbed on all adsorbents. The adsorption energy of Li+ (Eads-1) on all adsorbents is in the range of - 42.47 (B12H12N12) to - 66.26 kcal/mol (m-C22H12BN). Our results indicate a stronger interaction between Li+ and the nanoflakes as the deepest MESP minimum of the nanoflakes becomes more negative. A stronger interaction between Li+ and the nanoflakes pushes more electron density toward Li+. Li is weakly adsorbed on all adsorbents when compared to Li+. The adsorption energy of Li (Eads-2) on all adsorbents is in the range of - 3.07 (B27H18N27) to - 47.79 kcal/mol (C53H18Si). Assuming the nanoflakes to be an anode for the lithium-ion batteries, the cell voltage (Vcell) is predicted to be relatively high (> 1.54 V) for C24H12, C12H12Si12, B12H12N12, C27H18Si27, and B27H18N27. The Eads-1 data show only a small variation compared to Eads-2, and therefore, Eads-2 has a strong effect on the changes in Vcell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Geetha Sadasivan Nair
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arun Kumar Narayanan Nair
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shuyu Sun
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Mazarei E, Saalfrank P. Tuning Properties of Layered Materials Based on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Methylation: A Density Functional Theory Study. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300882. [PMID: 38517940 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the rational design of optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional materials based on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by functionalization by methyl (CH3) groups is proposed. Using density functional theory, we examine the functionalization of single- or double-layer systems with either CH3 radicals alone or with both CH3 (cations) and chlorine (anions), i. e., under conditions of homolytic or heterolytic splitting of CH3Cl precursor molecules, respectively. Different degrees of methylation (coverages) are considered. The methylation of pure h-BN leads to a reduction of the band gap, while in h-BN/G heterostructures (with methylated graphene layer), methylation increases the band gap. As a consequence, h-BN/G heterostructures offer a high tunability of their optoelectronic properties. To guide possible experiments, vibrational properties and spectra of methylated h-BN and methylated h-BN/G are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mazarei
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Denis PA, Laranjeira JAS, Sambrano JR. Covalent functionalization of germanene employing computational simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13140-13151. [PMID: 38629240 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Computational simulations through density functional theory in conjunction with M06-L and HSE functional have been carried out to investigate the chemical reactivity of the germanene monolayer. It is exceptionally reactive, with an average reaction energy of -60.4 kcal mol-1 for the nineteen functional groups considered: H, F, Cl, Br, O, S, Se, Ge, OH, SH, CH3, CF3, NH, NH2, C6H5, C6H4, CCl2, CBr2, and the azomethine ylide. The results indicate that oxygen is the most reactive reagent (-96.9 kcal mol-1), followed by fluorine (-83.1 kcal mol-1). Germanene presents a rich organic chemistry, and functionalization with azomethine ylides, benzynes, and carbenes can be easily accomplished as indicated by the reaction energies computed, which lie between -45 and -65 kcal mol-1. Furthermore, germanene is significantly more reactive than graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayers since the reaction energy for germanene is more than 40 kcal mol-1 lower. Although, in general, germanene is slightly more reactive than black and blue phosphorene and less prone to oxidation, but its oxidation when exposed to air occurs spontaneously. The addition of functional groups works cooperatively. The reaction energies become lower as the number of functional groups increases, thus favouring the agglomeration of functional groups attached unless the steric effect alters this pattern. Finally, we analyzed the electronic properties of functionalized germanene. It is possible to fine-tune the band gap of germanene from 0.1 to 2 eV using different functional groups and coverages. For O-50% and S-50% functionalized germanene, we found that carrier recombination is the most difficult due to the considerable differences between the effective masses of holes and electrons, which is promising for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, CC 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Jose A S Laranjeira
- Modeling and Molecular Simulation Group, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio R Sambrano
- Modeling and Molecular Simulation Group, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Mondinos N, Altarawneh M, Amri A, Hsien Liew WY, Jai Poinern GE, Jiang ZT. Monatomic reactions with single vacancy monolayer h-BN: DFT studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30346-30357. [PMID: 37849705 PMCID: PMC10578242 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has been widely utilized in various strategic applications. Fine-tuning properties of BN towards the desired application often involves ad-atom adsorption of modifying its geometries through creating surface defects. This work utilizes accurate DFT computations to investigate adsorption of selected 1st and 2nd row elements (H, Li, C, O, Al, Si, P, S) of the periodic table on various structural geometries of BN. The underlying aim is to assess the change in key electronic properties upon the adsorption process. In addition to the pristine BN, B and N vacancies were comprehensively considered and a large array of properties (i.e., atomic charges, adsorption energies, density of states) were computed and contrasted among the eight elements. For instance, we found that the band gap to vary between 0.33 eV (in case of Li) and 4.14 eV (in case of P). Likewise, we have illustrated that magnetic contribution to differ substantially depending on the adatom adsorbents. Results from this work has also lays a theoretical foundation for the use of decorated and defected BN as a chemical sensor for CO gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mondinos
- Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Amun Amri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau Pekanbaru Indonesia
| | - Willey Yun Hsien Liew
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group, School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
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Mazarei E, Penschke C, Saalfrank P. Band Gap Engineering in Two-Dimensional Materials by Functionalization: Methylation of Graphene and Graphene Bilayers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22026-22041. [PMID: 37360460 PMCID: PMC10286272 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is well-known for its unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties. However, its vanishing band gap limits the use of graphene in microelectronics. Covalent functionalization of graphene has been a common approach to address this critical issue and introduce a band gap. In this Article, we systematically analyze the functionalization of single-layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG) with methyl (CH3) using periodic density functional theory (DFT) at the PBE+D3 level of theory. We also include a comparison of methylated single-layer and bilayer graphene, as well as a discussion of different methylation options (radicalic, cationic, and anionic). For SLG, methyl coverages ranging from 1/8 to 1/1, (i.e., the fully methylated analogue of graphane) are considered. We find that up to a coverage θ of 1/2, graphene readily accepts CH3, with neighbor CH3 groups preferring trans positions. Above θ = 1/2, the tendency to accept further CH3 weakens and the lattice constant increases. The band gap behaves less regularly, but overall it increases with increasing methyl coverage. Thus, methylated graphene shows potential for developing band gap-tuned microelectronics devices and may offer further functionalization options. To guide in the interpretation of methylation experiments, vibrational signatures of various species are characterized by normal-mode analysis (NMA), their vibrational density of states (VDOS), and infrared (IR) spectra, the latter two are obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) in combination with a velocity-velocity autocorrelation function (VVAF) approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mazarei
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher Penschke
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität
Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Molecular interaction with defected h-BN. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ganesan M, Sampathkumar S, Daniel J, Vedamanickam N, Paranthaman S. A DFT Study on the Potential Application of Graphene-Like Pure and Doped Boron Phosphide Monolayer in Li- and Na-Ion Batteries. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lu Y, jiangling T, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li L, Xu Y. Adsorption of nitrogen oxide on modified BN nanosheets: Improved gas sensing and functionalization. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensing mechanism of modified hexagonal boron nitride to nitrogen oxide molecules (NO, NO2 and N2O) was systematically investigated by using the density functional theory calculations. The results indicate that...
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Gautam C, Chelliah S. Methods of hexagonal boron nitride exfoliation and its functionalization: covalent and non-covalent approaches. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31284-31327. [PMID: 35496870 PMCID: PMC9041435 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNSs) from bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials has received intense interest owing to their fascinating physical, chemical, and biological properties. Numerous exfoliation techniques offer scalable approaches for harvesting single-layer or few-layer h-BNNSs. Their structure is very comparable to graphite, and they have numerous significant applications owing to their superb thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical performance. Exfoliation from bulk stacked h-BN is the most cost-effective way to obtain large quantities of few layer h-BN. Herein, numerous methods have been discussed to achieve the exfoliation of h-BN, each with advantages and disadvantages. Herein, we describe the existing exfoliation methods used to fabricate single-layer materials. Besides exfoliation methods, various functionalization methods, such as covalent, non-covalent, and Lewis acid-base approaches, including physical and chemical methods, are extensively described for the preparation of several h-BNNS derivatives. Moreover, the unique and potent characteristics of functionalized h-BNNSs, like enhanced solubility in water, improved thermal conductivity, stability, and excellent biocompatibility, lead to certain extensive applications in the areas of biomedical science, electronics, novel polymeric composites, and UV photodetectors, and these are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandkiram Gautam
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226007 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Selvam Chelliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University Houston USA
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Muñoz ADO, Escobedo-Morales A, Skakerzadeh E, Anota EC. Effect of homonuclear boron bonds in the adsorption of DNA nucleobases on boron nitride nanosheets. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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