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Liu S, El-Angbawi A, Ji R, Rosa V, Silikas N. Optical effects of graphene addition on adhesives for orthodontic lingual retainers. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12966. [PMID: 38062539 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects on the colour of adding increasing concentrations of graphene to orthodontic fixed retainer adhesives and to evaluate changes in optical transmission during light curing and the resultant degree of conversion. Two different types of adhesives commonly used for fixed retainers were investigated: A packable composite (Transbond) and a flowable composite (Transbond Supreme). Graphene was added to the adhesives in three different concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%). Adhesives without graphene addition were set as control groups. A Minolta colourimeter was used to measure the colour and translucency parameters. Irradiance transmitted during curing was quantified using MARC Light Collector. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to record degree of conversion. Data were statistically analysed with the Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The findings showed that incorporating graphene darkened the adhesive colour significantly and reduced translucency. As the graphene concentration reached 0.1 wt%, samples became opaque; yet, no adverse effect on degree of conversion was observed. The addition of graphene reduces optical transmission of lingual retainer adhesives; the effect increases with graphene concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liu
- Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ruidong Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Fang H, Guymon CA. Thermo-mechanical properties of urethane acrylate networks modulated by RAFT mediated photopolymerization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201168. [PMID: 35447003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur has been important in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) since the beginning of the field. Mainly as part of disulfides and thioesters, dynamic sulfur-based bonds (DSBs) have a leading role in several remarkable reactions. Part of this success is due to the almost ideal properties of DSBs for the preparation of dynamic covalent systems, including high reactivity and good reversibility under mild aqueous conditions, the possibility of exploiting supramolecular interactions, access to isolable structures, and easy experimental control to turn the reaction on/off. DCC is currently witnessing an increase in the importance of DSBs. The chemical flexibility offered by DSBs opens the door to multiple applications. This Review presents an overview of all the DSBs used in DCC, their applications, and remarks on the interesting properties that they confer on dynamic chemical systems, especially those containing several DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gastón Orrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gastón Orrillo
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
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Fang H, Guymon CA. Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
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Bongiardina NJ, Long KF, Podgórski M, Bowman CN. Substituted Thiols in Dynamic Thiol–Thioester Reactions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Bongiardina
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Katelyn F. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 5, Lublin 20-031, Poland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Sowan N, Song HB, Cox LM, Patton JR, Fairbanks BD, Ding Y, Bowman CN. Light-Activated Stress Relaxation, Toughness Improvement, and Photoinduced Reversal of Physical Aging in Glassy Polymer Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007221. [PMID: 33354796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A covalent adaptable network (CAN) with high glass transition temperature (Tg ), superior mechanical properties including toughness and ductility, and unprecedented spatio-temporally controlled dynamic behavior is prepared by introducing dynamic moieties capable of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) into photoinitiated copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based networks. While the CuAAC polymerization yields glassy polymers composed of rigid triazole linkages with enhanced toughness, the RAFT moieties undergo bond exchange leading to stress relaxation upon light exposure. This unprecedented level of stress relaxation in the glassy state leads to numerous desirable attributes including glassy state photoinduced plasticity, toughness improvement during large deformation, and even photoinduced reversal of the effects of physical aging resulting in the rejuvenation of mechanical and thermodynamic properties in physically aged RAFT-CuAAC networks that undergo bond exchange in the glassy state. Surprisingly, when an allyl-sulfide-containing azide monomer (AS-N3 ) is used to form the network, the network exhibits up to 80% stress relaxation in the glassy state (Tg - 45 °C) under fixed displacement. In situ activation of RAFT during mechanical loading results in a 50% improvement in elongation to break and 40% improvement in the toughness when compared to the same network without light-activation of RAFT during the tensile testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sowan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
| | - Han Byul Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
| | - Lewis M Cox
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - James R Patton
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
| | - Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
| | - Yifu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
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