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Ogasahara R, Ban K, Mae M, Akai S, Sawama Y. Deuterated Alkyl Sulfonium Salt Reagents; Importance of H/D Exchange Methods in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400201. [PMID: 38740557 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Deuterated drugs (heavy drugs) have recently been spotlighted as a new modality for small-molecule drugs because the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical drugs can be enhanced by replacing C-H bonds with more stable C-D bonds at metabolic positions. Therefore, deuteration methods for drug candidates are a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. Among them, the H/D exchange reaction (direct transformation of C-H bonds to C-D bonds) is a useful and straightforward method for creating novel deuterated target molecules, and over 20 reviews on the synthetic methods related to H/D exchange reactions have been published in recent years. Although various deuterated drug candidates undergo clinical trials, approved deuterated drugs possess CD3 groups in the same molecule. However, less diversification, except for the CD3 group, is a problem for future medicinal chemistry. Recently, we developed various deuterated alkyl (dn-alkyl) sulfonium salts based on the H/D exchange reaction of the corresponding hydrogen form using D2O as an inexpensive deuterium source to introduce CD3, CH3CD2, and ArCH2CD2 groups into drug candidates. This concept summarises recent reviews related to H/D exchange reactions and novel reagents that introduce the CD3 group, and our newly developed electrophilic dn-alkyl reagents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Ogasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ban
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miyu Mae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Deuterium Science Research Unit, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Kaga A, Saito H, Yamano M. Divergent and chemoselective deuteration of N-unsubstituted imidazoles enabled by precise acid/base control. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8920-8923. [PMID: 39092668 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report acid/base-controlled and divergent deuteration of N-unsubstituted imidazoles in an imidazole-selective manner. This protocol enabled the deuteration of not only the 4-arylimidazoles but also the 2-arylimidazoles without labelling the aromatic rings. We demonstrated the advantages of this protocol by the synthesis of deuterated pharmaceuticals, which is difficult to achieve by means of transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kaga
- Chemical R&D Laboratory, SPERA PHARMA, Inc., Osaka 532-0024, Japan.
| | - Hayate Saito
- Chemical R&D Laboratory, SPERA PHARMA, Inc., Osaka 532-0024, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhisa Yamano
- Chemical R&D Laboratory, SPERA PHARMA, Inc., Osaka 532-0024, Japan.
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3
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Yoshizawa K, Li BX, Matsuyama T, Wang C, Uchiyama M. Visible-Light-Driven Germyl Radical Generation via EDA-Catalyzed ET-HAT Process. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401546. [PMID: 38716768 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We have established a facile and efficient protocol for the generation of germyl radicals by employing photo-excited electron transfer (ET) in an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex to drive hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from germyl hydride (R3GeH). Using a catalytic amount of EDA complex of commercially available thiol and benzophenone derivatives, the ET-HAT cycle smoothly proceeds simply upon blue-light irradiation without any transition metal or photocatalyst. This protocol also affords silyl radical from silyl hydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Bi-Xiao Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medicinal, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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4
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Duan Y, Zheng Z, Yu Z, Sun S, Lin B, Liu X, Liu P. Catalyst-Free α- trans-Selective Hydroboration and ( E)-Selective Deuterated Semihydrogenation of Alkynyl Sulfones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8326-8333. [PMID: 38817078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a straightforward α-trans-selective hydroboration of alkynyl sulfones with NHC-boranes without the need for a catalyst. This reaction is compatible with a wide range of substrates for efficiently producing structurally diverse α-borylated vinyl sulfones in satisfactory yields. The hydride transfer from NHC-borane 2a to alkynyl triflone 1b is studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations for trans-hydroboration. Moreover, a regiodivergent deuterated semihydrogenation of alkynyl triflones has also been developed using D2O as the deuterium source. A variety of diversity-oriented D-containing vinyl triflones were prepared in good to excellent yields with excellent deuterium incorporation ratios. Synthetic manipulations of the deuterated products are achieved for the conversion into valuable deuterated molecules, indicating the utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhouqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaozu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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5
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Lee J, Lee S. Dehalogenative deuteration of alkyl and aryl bromides by thiyl radical catalysis under visible-light irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5526-5529. [PMID: 38695506 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild and practical method for the deuteration of alkyl and aryl bromides by a thiyl radical catalyst and halogen-atom transfer (XAT) using disulfides and silanes under visible-light irradiation. In this study, various organic bromides such as 1°, 2°, and 3°-alkyl bromides and aryl bromides were converted to deuterated products in good to excellent yields and D-incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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6
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Xu Q, Ou W, Hou H, Wang Q, Yu L, Su C. Photosynthesis of C-1-Deuterated Aldehydes via Chlorine Radical-Mediated Selective Deuteration of the Formyl C-H Bond. Org Lett 2024; 26:4098-4103. [PMID: 38708839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
C-1-deuterated aldehydes are essential building blocks in the synthesis of deuterated chemicals and pharmaceuticals. This has led chemists to devise mild methodologies for their efficient production. Ideally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDE) is the most effective approach. However, the traditional HDE for creating C-1-deuterated aldehydes often requires a complex system involving multiple catalysts and/or ligands. In this study, we present a mild photocatalytic HDE of the formyl C-H bond with D2O. This process is facilitated by chlorine radicals that are generated in situ from low-cost FeCl3. This strategy demonstrated a broad reaction scope and high functional group tolerance, affording good yields and ≤99% D incorporation. To bridge the gap between research and industrial applications, we designed a new flow photoreactor equipped with a high-intensity light-emitting diode bucket, enabling the synthesis of C-1-deuterated aldehydes on a scale of 85 g. Finally, we successfully produced several important deuterated aldehydes that are integral to the synthesis of deuterated pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Ou
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Hou
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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7
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Zhu WF, Empel C, Pelliccia S, Koenigs RM, Proschak E, Hernandez-Olmos V. Photochemistry in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38457829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Photochemistry has emerged as a transformative force in organic chemistry, significantly expanding the chemical space accessible for medicinal chemistry. Light-induced reactions enable the efficient synthesis of intricate organic structures and have found applications throughout the different stages of the drug discovery and development processes. Moreover, photochemical techniques provide innovative solutions in chemical biology, allowing precise spatiotemporal drug activation and targeted delivery. In this Perspective, we highlight the already numerous remarkable applications and the even more promising future of photochemistry in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Felix Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Zhang T, Jin Z, Zhao H, Lai C, Liu Z, Luo P, Dong Z, Wang F. Aqueous alkaline phosphate facilitates the non-exchangeable deuteration of peptides and proteins. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8075-8080. [PMID: 38464689 PMCID: PMC10921277 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of deuterium into peptides and proteins holds broad applications across various fields, such as drug development and structural characterization. Nevertheless, current methods for peptide/protein deuteration often target exchangeable labile sites or require harsh conditions for stable modification. In this study, we present a late-stage approach utilizing an alkaline phosphate solution to achieve deuteration of non-exchangeable backbone sites of peptides and proteins. The specific deuteration regions are identified through ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and mass spectrometry analysis. This deuteration strategy demonstrates site and structure selectivity, with a notable affinity for labeling the α-helix regions of myoglobin. The deuterium method is particularly suitable for peptides and proteins that remain stable under high pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Heng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Can Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pan Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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9
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Li P, Du Z, Wu B, Zhao X, You Y. Highly effective and selective FeBr 3-promoted deuterium bromination/cyclization of 1, n-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:959-964. [PMID: 38205648 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A highly effective and selective FeBr3-promoted deuterium bromination/cyclization of 1,n-enynes is reported. On the one hand, the Lewis acid FeBr3 as a catalyst promotes cyclization of 1,n-enynes to afford deuterium heterocyclic frameworks with high efficiency. On the other hand, FeBr3 serves as the bromine source (with D2O as the deuterium source) to promote the formation of the desired deuterated pyrrole derivatives containing alkenyl bromide groups. This protocol provides an effective pathway to afford deuterated alkenyl brominative compounds as (Z)-isomers with high yields and selectivity, offering a new method for introducing 2H into organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Cable Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhongjian Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Baofeng Wu
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Yang'en You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China.
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10
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Shi Q, Kang XW, Liu Z, Sakthivel P, Aman H, Chang R, Yan X, Pang Y, Dai S, Ding B, Ye J. Single-Electron Oxidation-Initiated Enantioselective Hydrosulfonylation of Olefins Enabled by Photoenzymatic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2748-2756. [PMID: 38214454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the enantioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. While recent advances on photoenzymatic catalysis have demonstrated the great potential of non-natural photoenzymes, all of the transformations are initiated by single-electron reduction of the substrate, with only one notable exception. Herein, we report an oxidation-initiated photoenzymatic enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of olefins using a novel mutant of gluconobacter ene-reductase (GluER-W100F-W342F). Compared to known photoenzymatic systems, our approach does not rely on the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between the substrates and enzyme cofactor and simplifies the reaction system by obviating the addition of a cofactor regeneration mixture. More importantly, the GluER variant exhibits high reactivity and enantioselectivity and a broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies support the proposed oxidation-initiated mechanism and reveal that a tyrosine-mediated HAT process is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pandaram Sakthivel
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hasil Aman
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yubing Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaobo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Meng X, Dong Y, Liu Q, Wang W. Organophotocatalytic α-deuteration of unprotected primary amines via H/D exchange with D 2O. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:296-299. [PMID: 38054348 PMCID: PMC10872390 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04634f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a straightforward H/D exchange method for the synthesis of α-deuterated primary amines from a diverse set of primary amines with high levels of deuteration and chemo- and site selectivity and preparative utility. This cost-effective strategy enables the direct conversion of primary amines to α-deuterated counterparts using D2O as the deuterium source under mild reaction conditions without requiring additional functionality manipulation and with minimal byproduct production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Centre, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, USA
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12
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Derdau V, Elmore CS, Hartung T, McKillican B, Mejuch T, Rosenbaum C, Wiebe C. The Future of (Radio)-Labeled Compounds in Research and Development within the Life Science Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306019. [PMID: 37610759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review the applications of isotopically labeled compounds are discussed and put into the context of their future impact in the life sciences. Especially discussing their use in the pharma and crop science industries to follow their fate in the environment, in vivo or in complex matrices to understand the potential harm of new chemical structures and to increase the safety of human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Derdau
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research & Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce McKillican
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, North America Product Safety (retired), USA
| | - Tom Mejuch
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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13
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Huang J, Li X, Wei Y, Lei Z, Xu L. Organoboron/iodide-catalyzed photoredox N-functionalization of NH-sulfoximines/sulfonimidamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13643-13646. [PMID: 37905454 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
An aminoquinolate diarylboron (AQDAB) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) co-catalyzed photoredox process for N-functionalization of NH-sulfoximines/sulfonimidamides has been successfully developed. This protocol can afford the corresponding N-sulfenylated and N-phosphonylated products in good to excellent yields under conditions without metallic (photo)catalysts, external oxidants, or acidic/basic additives. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated, and the N-phosphonylated products of NH-sulfonimidamides have been reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Xiaoman Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Zhigang Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Box 266, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
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14
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Ma C, Li X, Chen X, He X, Zhang ST, Jiang YQ, Yu B. Photocatalytic Umpolung Strategy for the Synthesis of α-Amino Phosphine Oxides and Deuterated Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:8016-8021. [PMID: 37903293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct, economical, and green synthesis of deuterated α-amino phosphine oxides remains an elusive challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a visible-light-driven umpolung strategy for synthesizing deuterated α-amino phosphine oxides from isocyanide using 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene as the photocatalyst and D2O as the deuterium source. Moreover, the streamlined and sustainable methodology can be applied in the modification of amino acids, natural products, and drugs. The strong antiproliferative activity of the desired products indicates that the method could provide a novel privileged scaffold for antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiya Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xing He
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yu-Qin Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Centre, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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15
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Yang K, Feng T, Qiu Y. Organo-Mediator Enabled Electrochemical Deuteration of Styrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312803. [PMID: 37698174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of the deuterium isotope effect, selective deuterium labeling of chemical molecules remains a major challenge. Herein, a facile and general electrochemically driven, organic mediator enabled deuteration of styrenes with deuterium oxide (D2 O) as the economical deuterium source was reported. Importantly, this transformation could be suitable for various electron rich styrenes mediated by triphenylphosphine (TPP). The reaction proceeded under mild conditions without transition-metal catalysts, affording the desired products in good yields with excellent D-incorporation (D-inc, up to >99 %). Mechanistic investigations by means of isotope labeling experiments and cyclic voltammetry tests provided sufficient support for this transformation. Notably, this method proved to be a powerful tool for late-stage deuteration of biorelevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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16
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Di Martino RMC, Maxwell BD, Pirali T. Deuterium in drug discovery: progress, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:562-584. [PMID: 37277503 PMCID: PMC10241557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of a hydrogen atom with its heavy isotope deuterium entails the addition of one neutron to a molecule. Despite being a subtle change, this structural modification, known as deuteration, may improve the pharmacokinetic and/or toxicity profile of drugs, potentially translating into improvements in efficacy and safety compared with the non-deuterated counterparts. Initially, efforts to exploit this potential primarily led to the development of deuterated analogues of marketed drugs through a 'deuterium switch' approach, such as deutetrabenazine, which became the first deuterated drug to receive FDA approval in 2017. In the past few years, the focus has shifted to applying deuteration in novel drug discovery, and the FDA approved the pioneering de novo deuterated drug deucravacitinib in 2022. In this Review, we highlight key milestones in the field of deuteration in drug discovery and development, emphasizing recent and instructive medicinal chemistry programmes and discussing the opportunities and hurdles for drug developers, as well as the questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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17
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Chandra Mouli HM, Vinod A, Kumari S, Tiwari AK, Kathiravan MK, Ravichandiran V, Peraman R. Deuterated driven new chemical entities: An optimistic way to improve therapeutic efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106490. [PMID: 37001472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In organic chemistry, the use of deuterium exchange as a tool to study the mechanism of chemical reaction has been well explored. Since two decades, the research focus on deuterated bioactive molecules has been gaining attention for investigating the therapeutic potential of deuterium replacement in a chemical structure. Recently, Food Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first deuterium-labeled drug "deutetrabenazine", and notified the deuterated drugs as new chemical entities (NCEs). Henceforth, the deuterium substitution driven structure activity relationship, preclinical pharmacokinetics, and toxicity studies were much initiated. Deuteration of a bioactive molecule often results in improved therapeutic efficacy due to the altered pharmacokinetic profile. This review provides a conceptual framework on the importance of deuterium atom in chemical structure of a drug, and its biological value in improved physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, biological target interaction, diagnosis, and toxicity. In addition, this review concisely updated the recent deuteration methods, chemical stability, challenges in drug development, deuterium-based imaging in diagnosis, and selected synthetic scheme of deuterated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chandra Mouli
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Adithya Vinod
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, OH 43614, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, OH 43614, United States
| | - M K Kathiravan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India.
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18
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Li BX, Ishida H, Wang C, Uchiyama M. Visible-Light-Driven Silyl or Germyl Radical Generation via Si-C or Ge-C Bond Homolysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:1765-1770. [PMID: 36883960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, rapid, and selective protocol for visible-light-driven generation of silyl radicals through photoredox-induced Si-C bond homolysis. Irradiating 3-silyl-1,4-cyclohexadienes with blue light in the presence of a commercially available photocatalyst smoothly generated silyl radicals bearing various substituents within 1 h, and these radicals were trapped by a broad range of alkenes to afford products in good yields. This process is also available for efficient generation of germyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xiao Li
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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19
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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20
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Wang M, Ren J, Xiao Q, Song A, Yu S, Wang R, Xing L. Photocatalytic One-Pot Synthesis of Quinazolinone Under Ambient Conditions. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Ramanathan D, Shi Q, Xu M, Chang R, Peñín B, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Catalytic asymmetric deuterosilylation of exocyclic olefins with mannose-derived thiols and deuterium oxide. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01979e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free, photoinduced asymmetric deuterosilylation of exocyclic olefins has been achieved using a mannose-derived thiol catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devenderan Ramanathan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Beatriz Peñín
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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22
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Jedlovčnik L, Košmrlj J, Massey TE, Derdau V. Deuterated Drugs and Biomarkers in the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41840-41858. [PMID: 36440130 PMCID: PMC9685803 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initially identified in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, COVID-19 rapidly spread globally, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 can experience symptoms ranging from mild to severe (or no symptoms whatsoever). Although vaccination provides extra immunity toward SARS-CoV-2, there has been an urgent need to develop treatments for COVID-19 to alleviate symptoms for carriers of the disease. In seeking a potential treatment, deuterated compounds have played a critical role either as therapeutic agents or as internal MS standards for studying the pharmacological properties of new drugs by quantifying the parent compounds and metabolites. We have identified >70 examples of deuterium-labeled compounds associated with treatment of COVID-19. Of these, we found 9 repurposed drugs and >20 novel drugs studied for potential therapeutic roles along with a total of 38 compounds (drugs, biomarkers, and lipids) explored as internal mass spectrometry standards. This review details the synthetic pathways and modes of action of these compounds (if known), and a brief analysis of each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Luka Jedlovčnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Thomas E. Massey
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Volker Derdau
- Research
& Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst G876, Frankfurt/Main 65926, Germany
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23
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Lin ZH, Yao YF, Zhang CP. Deuteration of Arylthianthren-5-ium Salts in CD 3OD. Org Lett 2022; 24:8417-8422. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hui Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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24
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Qian P, Zhang S, Luo F, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen X, Wang W, Chen X. Site-selective deuteration at the α-position of enals by an amine and bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane co-catalyzed H/D exchange reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11458-11461. [PMID: 36149351 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04959g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An amine and bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane co-catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDE) method via a Michael-retro-Michael pathway for site-selective introduction of deuterium at the α-position of enals using D2O as a deuterium source has been achieved. The mild, operationally simple protocol allows for high yielding and high level deuterium incorporation (up to 99%) for structurally diverse aromatic-derived enals and dienals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Luo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Shanghai Neutan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Building 26, No. 555 Huanqiao Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., P. O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721-0207, USA.
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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25
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Appert E, Martin‐Mingot A, Karam O, Zunino F, Michelet B, Bouazza F, Thibaudeau S. Superacid‐Mediated Late‐Stage Aromatic Polydeuteration of Pharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201583. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Appert
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Agnès Martin‐Mingot
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Omar Karam
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Fabien Zunino
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Fodil Bouazza
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
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26
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Shi Q, Xu M, Chang R, Ramanathan D, Peñin B, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Visible-light mediated catalytic asymmetric radical deuteration at non-benzylic positions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4453. [PMID: 35915119 PMCID: PMC9343372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Site- and enantioselective incorporation of deuterium into organic compounds is of broad interest in organic synthesis, especially within the pharmaceutical industry. While catalytic approaches relying on two-electron reaction manifolds have allowed for stereoselective delivery of a formal deuteride (D–) or deuteron (D+) at benzylic positions, complementary strategies that make use of one-electron deuterium atom transfer and target non-benzylic positions remain elusive. Here we report a photochemical approach for asymmetric radical deuteration by utilizing readily available peptide- or sugar-derived thiols as the catalyst and inexpensive deuterium oxide as the deuterium source. This metal-free platform enables four types of deuterofunctionalization reactions of exocyclic olefins and allows deuteration at non-benzylic positions with high levels of enantioselectivity and deuterium incorporation. Computational studies reveal that attractive non-covalent interactions are responsible for stereocontrol. We anticipate that our findings will open up new avenues for asymmetric deuteration. Catalytic asymmetric deuterations rely largely on two-electron reaction manifolds and are mostly limited to benzylic positions. Here, a metal-free platform using peptide- or sugar-derived chiral thiols and deuterium oxide allows for asymmetric open-shell deuteration at non-benzylic positions under visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Devenderan Ramanathan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Beatriz Peñin
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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27
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28
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Min XT, Mei YK, Chen BZ, He LB, Song TT, Ji DW, Hu YC, Wan B, Chen QA. Rhodium-Catalyzed Deuterated Tsuji-Wilkinson Decarbonylation of Aldehydes with Deuterium Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11081-11087. [PMID: 35709491 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge in the applications of deuterated drug candidates has rendered an urgent need for diverse deuterium labeling techniques. Herein, an efficient Rh-catalyzed deuterated Tsuji-Wilkinson decarbonylation of naturally available aldehydes with D2O is developed. In this reaction, D2O not only acts as a deuterated reagent and solvent but also promotes Rh-catalyzed decarbonylation. In addition, decarbonylative strategies for the synthesis of terminal monodeuterated alkenes from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ting Min
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yong-Kang Mei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Bowen He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting-Ting Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Ou W, Qiu C, Su C. Photo- and electro-catalytic deuteration of feedstock chemicals and pharmaceuticals: A review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Zheng Y, He XC, Gao J, Xie ZZ, Wang ZW, Liu ZL, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Programmable iodization/deuterolysis sequences of phosphonium ylides to access deuterated benzyl iodides and aromatic aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4215-4218. [PMID: 35274648 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a tunable iodization/deuterolysis protocol for phosphonium ylides by employing D2O as the deuterium source was designed. Notably, this process could be manipulated by tuning the base, thus leading to two valuable deuterated building blocks - benzyl iodides and aromatic aldehydes with broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility and excellent deuteration degree. Concise syntheses of a series of deuterated drug analogues have been achieved based on the developed deuteration reaction platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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31
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Prakash G, Paul N, Oliver GA, Werz DB, Maiti D. C-H deuteration of organic compounds and potential drug candidates. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3123-3163. [PMID: 35320331 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-H deuteration has been intricately developed to satisfy the urgent need for site-selectively deuterated organic frameworks. Deuteration has been primarily used to study kinetic isotope effects of reactions but recently its significance in pharmaceutical chemistry has been discovered. Deuterium labelled compounds have stolen the limelight since the inception of the first FDA-approved deuterated drug, for the treatment of chorea-associated Huntington's disease, and their pharmacological importance was realised by chemists, although surprisingly very late. Various approaches were developed to carry out site-selective deuteration. However, the most common and efficient method is hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). This review summarises deuteration methods of various organic motifs containing C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds utilizing C-H bond functionalisation as a key step along with a variety of catalysts, and exemplifies their biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Nilanjan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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32
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Murugesan K, Donabauer K, Narobe R, Derdau V, Bauer A, König B. Photoredox-Catalyzed Site-Selective Generation of Carbanions from C(sp 3)–H Bonds in Amines. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathiravan Murugesan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Karsten Donabauer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Rok Narobe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
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33
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Yang H, Huang Z, Lehnherr D, Lam YH, Ren S, Strotman NA. Efficient Aliphatic Hydrogen-Isotope Exchange with Tritium Gas through the Merger of Photoredox and Hydrogenation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5010-5022. [PMID: 35263094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Employment of a combination of an organophotoredox catalyst with Wilkinson's catalyst (Rh(PPh3)3Cl) has given rise to an unprecedented method for hydrogen-isotope exchange (HIE) of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds of complex pharmaceuticals using T2 gas directly. Wilkinson's catalyst, commonly used for catalytic hydrogenations, was exploited as a precatalyst for activation of D2 or T2 and hydrogen atom transfer. In this combined methodology and mechanistic study, we demonstrate that by coupling photocatalysis with Rh catalysis, carbon-centered radicals generated via photoredox catalysis can be intercepted by Rh-hydride intermediates to deliver an effective hydrogen atom donor for hydrogen-isotope labeling of complex molecules in one step. By optimizing the ratio of the photocatalyst and Wilkinson's catalyst to balance the rate of the dual catalytic cycles, we can achieve efficient HIE and high recovery yield. This protocol was readily applied to direct HIE of C(sp3)-H bonds in 10 complex drug molecules, showing high isotope incorporation efficiency and exceptionally good functional group tolerance and demonstrating this approach as a practical and attractive labeling method for deuteration and tritiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sumei Ren
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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34
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Linford-Wood TG, Mahon MF, Grayson MN, Webster RL. Iron-Catalyzed H/D Exchange of Primary Silanes, Secondary Silanes, and Tertiary Siloxanes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2979-2985. [PMID: 35433105 PMCID: PMC9007460 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A synthetic
study into the catalytic hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange
of 1° silanes, 2° silanes, and 3° siloxanes is presented,
facilitated by iron-β-diketiminato complexes (1a and 1b). Near-complete H/D exchange is observed for
a variety of aryl- and alkyl-containing hydrosilanes and hydrosiloxanes.
The reaction tolerates alternative hydride source pinacolborane (HBpin),
with quantitative H/D exchange. A synthetic and density functional
theory (DFT) investigation suggests that a monomeric iron-deuteride
is responsible for the H/D exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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35
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Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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36
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Li Y, Zheng C, Jiang ZJ, Tang J, Tang B, Gao Z. Potassium tert-Butoxide Promoted Regioselective Deuteration of Pyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3497-3500. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective deuteration at β- and γ-position of pyridines is reported. Efficient deuteration occurred with a combination of KOtBu and DMSO-d6, replenishing the prevailing α-deuteration of pyridine systems. Preliminary mechanistic...
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37
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Zhang B, Chen J. Enantioselective Radical Deuteration of Non-Benzylic Positions via Visible Light Catalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Norcott PL. Current Electrochemical Approaches to Selective Deuteration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2944-2953. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective deuteration of organic molecules through electrochemistry is proving to be an effective alternative to conventional 2H labelling strategies, which traditionally require high temperatures, high pressures of deuterium gas...
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39
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Wang L, Lou Y, Xu W, Chen Z, Xu J, Wu Q. Biocatalytic Site-Selective Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Unsaturated Fragments with D2O. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhichun Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Devi L, Pokhriyal A, Shekhar S, Kant R, Mukherjee S, Rastogi N. Organo‐photocatalytic Synthesis of 6‐
β
‐Disubstituted Phenanthridines from
α
‐Diazo‐
β‐
Keto Compounds and Vinyl Azides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Devi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ayushi Pokhriyal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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41
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Li J, Li J, Ji X, He R, Liu Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Liu Q, Li Y. Synthesis of Deuterated ( E)-Alkene through Xanthate-Mediated Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:7412-7417. [PMID: 34499519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have developed a reversible hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction of nonactivated olefins. By using EtOCS2K as a mediator, the H/D exchange reaction was realized through repeated addition and elimination reactions, demonstrating reversible H/D exchange between ordinary olefins and deuterated olefins. Using the lowest cost D2O without precious metal catalysts and ligands, a broad spectrum of compatibility of functional groups was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ji
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Runfa He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.,Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
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42
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Direct Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Aliphatic C-H Bonds Elaboration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1875-1924. [PMID: 34355884 PMCID: PMC8796199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Direct photocatalyzed
hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) can be considered
a method of choice for the elaboration of
aliphatic C–H bonds. In this manifold, a photocatalyst (PCHAT) exploits the energy of a photon to trigger the homolytic
cleavage of such bonds in organic compounds. Selective C–H
bond elaboration may be achieved by a judicious choice of the hydrogen
abstractor (key parameters are the electronic character and the molecular
structure), as well as reaction additives. Different are the classes
of PCsHAT available, including aromatic ketones, xanthene
dyes (Eosin Y), polyoxometalates, uranyl salts, a metal-oxo porphyrin
and a tris(amino)cyclopropenium radical dication. The processes (mainly
C–C bond formation) are in most cases carried out under mild
conditions with the help of visible light. The aim of this review
is to offer a comprehensive survey of the synthetic applications of
photocatalyzed d-HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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43
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Liu L, Deng Z, Xu K, Jiang P, Du H, Tan J. Access to Deuterated Unnatural α-Amino Acids and Peptides by Photochemical Acyl Radical Addition. Org Lett 2021; 23:5299-5304. [PMID: 34170137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-enabled, photocatalyst-free conjugate addition reaction of dehydroamino acids is disclosed. Employing 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as both a radical reservoir and reductant, various β-acyl α-amino acids and their deuterated analogues were obtained in good results. Both late-stage peptide modification and stereoselective synthesis of chiral oxazolidinones are successfully achieved. The protocol is characterized by mild conditions and efficient derivatization, thus unlocking a novel blueprint to access unnatural amino acid derivatives, important building blocks with potential application in the peptidomimetic toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Deng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxing Jiang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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44
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Bromine radical as a visible-light-mediated polarity-reversal catalyst. iScience 2021; 24:102693. [PMID: 34222843 PMCID: PMC8243021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarity-reversal catalysts enable otherwise sluggish or completely ineffective reactions which are characterized by unfavorable polar effects between radicals and substrates. We herein disclose that when irradiated by visible light, bromine can behave as a polarity-reversal catalyst. Hydroacylation of vinyl arenes, a three-component cascade transformation and deuteration of aldehydes were each achieved in a metal-free manner without initiators by using inexpensive N-bromosuccinimide as the precatalyst. Light is essential to generate and maintain the active bromine radical during the reaction process. Another key to success is that HBr can behave as an effective hydrogen donor to turn over the catalytic cycles. Using bromine as a polarity-reversal catalyst to generate acyl radicals Additive- and metal-free, atom- and step-economic, and operationally simple process Using constant light-irradiation to induce and maintain bromine radicals Access carbonyl compounds and deuterated aldehydes with wide substrate scope
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45
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Yang N, Fang Y, Xu F, Zhou R, Jin X, Zhang L, Shi J, Fang J, Wu H, Zhang Z. Application of the stabilization effect of a silyl group in radical-polar crossover reactions enabled by photoredox-neutral catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the stabilization effect of a silyl group, with a bulky but positive nature, a range of less investigated organosilanes could be generally accessed via photoredox-catalysed radical-polar crossover reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianxun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianghua Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zongyong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
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46
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Xie K, Jiang M, Chen X, Lü Q, Yu B. Application of α-Keto Acids in Metal-Free Photocatalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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