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Alves ACPM, Santos LMNBF, Bastos M, Costa JCS. Confined Silver Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid Films. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073029. [PMID: 37049791 PMCID: PMC10095659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by sputter deposition in thin films of three different ionic liquids (ILs) with the same anion (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and cation (imidazolium), but with different alkyl chain lengths and symmetries in the cationic moiety ([C4C1im][NTf2], [C2C2im][NTf2], and [C5C5im][NTf2]). Ionic liquid (IL) films in the form of microdroplets with different thicknesses (200 to 800 monolayers) were obtained through vacuum thermal evaporation onto glass substrates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO). The sputtering process of the Ag onto the ILs when conducted simultaneously with argon plasma promoted the coalescence of the ILs’ droplets and the formation, incorporation, and stabilization of the metallic nanoparticles in the coalesced IL films. The formation/stabilization of the AgNPs in the IL films was confirmed using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that the IL films with larger thicknesses (600 and 800 monolayers) were better media for the formation of AgNPs. Among the ILs used, [C5C5im][NTf2] was found to be particularly promising for the stabilization of AgNPs. The use of larger IL droplets as capture media was found to promote a better stabilization of the AgNPs, thereby reducing their tendency to aggregate.
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Akiyoshi K, Watanabe Y, Kameyama T, Kawawaki T, Negishi Y, Kuwabata S, Torimoto T. Composition control of alloy nanoparticles consisting of bulk-immiscible Au and Rh metals via an ionic liquid/metal sputtering technique for improving their electrocatalytic activity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24335-24344. [PMID: 36177988 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AuRh bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by simultaneous sputtering of Au and Rh in a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) of N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DEME-BF4). Bimetallic AuRh alloy NPs of 1-2 nm in size were formed in the RTIL. The alloy composition was controllable by changing the surface areas of Au and Rh plates used as sputtering targets. Loading thus-obtained AuRh NPs on carbon black (CB) powders increased the size of AuRh NPs to ca. 2-8 nm, depending on the Au/Rh ratio. The electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of AuRh NP-loaded CB catalysts showed a volcano-type dependence on their composition, in which AuRh NPs with Au surface coverage of 62% exhibited the optimal ORR activity, the specific activity being ca. 5 times higher than that of pure Rh NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Akiyoshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yumezo Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Meischein M, Garzón-Manjón A, Hammerschmidt T, Xiao B, Zhang S, Abdellaoui L, Scheu C, Ludwig A. Elemental (im-)miscibility determines phase formation of multinary nanoparticles co-sputtered in ionic liquids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3855-3869. [PMID: 36133350 PMCID: PMC9470033 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00363e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium synthesis methods allow the alloying of bulk-immiscible elements into multinary nanoparticles, which broadens the design space for new materials. Whereas sputtering onto solid substrates can combine immiscible elements into thin film solid solutions, this is not clear for sputtering of nanoparticles in ionic liquids. Thus, the suitability of sputtering in ionic liquids for producing nanoparticles of immiscible elements is investigated by co-sputtering the systems Au-Cu (miscible), Au-Ru and Cu-Ru (both immiscible), and Au-Cu-Ru on the surface of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Bmim][(Tf)2N]. The sputtered nanoparticles were analyzed to obtain (i) knowledge concerning the general formation process of nanoparticles when sputtering onto ionic liquid surfaces and (ii) information, if alloy nanoparticles of immiscible elements can be synthesized as well as (iii) evidence if the Hume-Rothery rules for solid solubility are valid for sputtered nanoparticles. Nanoparticle characteristics were found to depend on elemental miscibility: (1) nanoparticles from immiscible elemental combinations showed bigger mean diameters ranging from (3.3 ± 1.4) nm to (5.0 ± 1.7) nm in contrast to mean diameters of nanoparticles from elemental combinations with at least one miscible element pair ((1.7 ± 0.7) nm to (1.8 ± 0.6) nm). (2) Nanoparticles from immiscible combinations showed compositions with one element strongly dominating the ratio and very narrow differences between the highest and lowest fraction of the dominating element (Cu94Ru6 to Cu100Ru0; Au96Ru4 to Au99Ru1) in contrast to the other compositions (Au64Cu36 to Au81Cu19; Au83Cu13Ru4/Au75Cu22Ru3 to Au87Cu11Ru2). Accompanying atomistic simulations using density-functional theory for clusters of different size and ordering confirm that the miscibility of Au-Cu and the immiscibility of Au-Ru and Cu-Ru govern the thermodynamic stability of the nanoparticles. Based on the matching experimental and theoretical results for the NP/IL-systems concerning NP stability, a formation model of multinary NPs in ILs was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meischein
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alba Garzón-Manjón
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 D-0237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas Hammerschmidt
- Chair of Atomistic Modelling and Simulation, Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Bin Xiao
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 D-0237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lamya Abdellaoui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 D-0237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 D-0237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
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Abstract
Solar-to-chemical energy conversion via heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the sustainable approaches to tackle the growing environmental and energy challenges. Among various promising photocatalytic materials, plasmonic-driven photocatalysts feature prominent solar-driven surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Non-noble plasmonic metals (NNPMs)-based photocatalysts have been identified as a unique alternative to noble metal-based ones due to their advantages like earth-abundance, cost-effectiveness, and large-scale application capability. This review comprehensively summarizes the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and properties of NNPMs-based photocatalysts. After introducing the fundamental principles of SPR, the attributes and functionalities of NNPMs in governing surface/interfacial photocatalytic processes are presented. Next, the utilization of NNPMs-based photocatalytic materials for the removal of pollutants, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and organic transformations is discussed. The review concludes with current challenges and perspectives in advancing the NNPMs-based photocatalysts, which are timely and important to plasmon-based photocatalysis, a truly interdisciplinary field across materials science, chemistry, and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sayed
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Sergievskaya A, Chauvin A, Konstantinidis S. Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:10-53. [PMID: 35059275 PMCID: PMC8744456 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical colloidal synthesis, the review contains chapters explaining the basics of (magnetron) sputter deposition and the formation of NPs in solution. This review article covers more than 132 papers published on this topic from 1996 to September 2021 and aims at providing a critical analysis of most of the reported data; we will address the influence of the sputtering parameters (sputter power, current, voltage, sputter time, working gas pressure, and the type of sputtering plasma) and host liquid properties (composition, temperature, viscosity, and surface tension) on the NP formation as well as a detailed overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Adrien Chauvin
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Sergievskaya A, O’Reilly A, Chauvin A, Veselý J, Panepinto A, De Winter J, Cornil D, Cornil J, Konstantinidis S. Magnetron sputter deposition of silver onto castor oil: The effect of plasma parameters on nanoparticle properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dietrich C, Chen S, Uzunidis G, Hähsler M, Träutlein Y, Behrens S. Bimetallic Pd/Sn-based Nanoparticles and their Catalytic Properties in the Semihydrogenation of Diphenylacetylene. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:296-304. [PMID: 33751864 PMCID: PMC7944562 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimetallic nanoparticles often enhance the catalytic performance of their monometallic counterparts by increasing reaction rates, catalyst selectivity, and/or stability. A prerequisite for understanding structure- and composition-associated properties, however, is the careful design of multimetallic nanoparticles with various structures and compositions. Here, bimetallic Pd/Sn-based nanoparticles are prepared with a tunable composition and structure exploiting ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction medium (i. e., methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). The nanoparticles are obtained in a one-pot synthetic procedure by reducing the metal salt precursors with triethylborohydride in the IL. The results show that the reaction parameters, in particular the nature and ratio of the Pd2+ /Sn2+ precursors as well as the reaction temperature, influence NP formation and composition. X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis and transmission electron microscopy are employed to determine NP size and phase composition. Under optimized reaction conditions Pd2 Sn or PdSn nanocrystals are formed as single-phase products after introducing an additional annealing step at 200 °C. Nanocrystals with intermetallic composition reveal enhanced catalytic properties in the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene which was used as a model reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dietrich
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Georgios Uzunidis
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin Hähsler
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yannick Träutlein
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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Schmitz A, Bülow M, Schmidt D, Zaitsau DH, Junglas F, Knedel T, Verevkin SP, Held C, Janiak C. Tetrahydrothiophene-Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Thermodynamic Characterizations. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:153-163. [PMID: 33354944 PMCID: PMC7874261 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
S-alkyltetrahydrothiophenium, [Cn THT]+ bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide, [NTf2 ]- room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) and tetraphenylborate, [BPh4 ]- salts with alkyl chain lengths from C4 to C10 have been prepared. The ILs and salts were characterized and their purity verified by 1 H- and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, ion chromatography, Karl-Fischer titration, single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The experimentally determined density and viscosity decrease with increasing temperature. The experimental solubility of the [Cn THT][NTf2 ]-ILs in water (75 to 2.2 mg/L for C4 to C10 ) was modelled with very good agreement by Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT), based on the extremely low vapor pressures for the [Cn THT][NTf2 ]-ILs measured in this work (4.15 to 0.037 ⋅ 10-7 ×psat for C4 to C10 ). PC-SAFT is able to predict and correlate different thermodynamic properties by estimating the Helmholtz residual energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Mark Bülow
- Laboratory of ThermodynamicsTechnische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Dana Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Dzmitry H. Zaitsau
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Rostock18059RostockGermany
- Competence Centre CALORFaculty of Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Rostock18059RostockGermany
| | - Fabian Junglas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tim‐Oliver Knedel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sergey P. Verevkin
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Rostock18059RostockGermany
- Competence Centre CALORFaculty of Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Rostock18059RostockGermany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of ThermodynamicsTechnische Universität Dortmund44227DortmundGermany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
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