1
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Szymanowska A, Radomska D, Czarnomysy R, Mojzych M, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Bielawski K, Bielawska A. The activity of pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazine and pyrazolo[4,3- e]tetrazolo[1,5- b][1,2,4]triazine sulphonamide derivatives in monolayer and spheroid breast cancer cell cultures. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2343352. [PMID: 38700244 PMCID: PMC11073428 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2343352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, an increasing interest in compounds containing pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine moiety is observed. Therefore, the aim of the research was to synthesise a novel sulphonyl pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines (2a, 2b) and pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine sulphonamide derivatives (3a, 3b) to assess their anticancer activity. The MTT assay showed that 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b have stronger cytotoxic activity than cisplatin in both breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and exhibited weaker effect on normal breast cells (MCF-10A). The obtained results showed that the most active compound 3b increased apoptosis via caspase 9, caspase 8, and caspase 3/7. It is worth to note that compound 3b suppressed NF-κB expression and promoted p53, Bax, and ROS which play important role in activation of apoptosis. Moreover, our results confirmed that compound 3b triggers autophagy through increased formation of autophagosomes, expression of beclin-1 and mTOR inhibition. Thus, our study defines a possible mechanism underlying 3b-induced anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominika Radomska
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Das S, McIvor C, Greener A, Suwita C, Argent SP, O'Duill ML. 2,2-Difluoroethylation of Heteroatom Nucleophiles via a Hypervalent Iodine Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410954. [PMID: 38900650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The 2,2-difluoroethyl group is an important lipophilic hydrogen bond donor in medicinal chemistry, but its incorporation into small molecules is often challenging. Herein, we demonstrate electrophilic 2,2-difluoroethylation of thiol, amine and alcohol nucleophiles with a hypervalent iodine reagent, (2,2-difluoro-ethyl)(aryl)iodonium triflate, via a proposed ligand coupling mechanism. This transformation offers a complementary strategy to existing 2,2-difluoroethylation methods and allows access to a wide range of 2,2-difluoroethylated nucleophiles, including the drugs Captopril, Normorphine and Mefloquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte McIvor
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Greener
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Suwita
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Miriam L O'Duill
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Roszkowski P, Bielenica A, Stefańska J, Majewska A, Markowska K, Pituch H, Koliński M, Kmiecik S, Chrzanowska A, Struga M. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of new fluoroquinolone derivatives coupled with nitrogen-based heterocycles. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117439. [PMID: 39270539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of ciprofloxacin (CP) conjugates coupled with nitrogen-containing heterocycles. In vitro screening of these new hybrid compounds (1-13) against a panel of planktonic bacterial strains highlighted thiazolyl homologs 6 and 7 as the most promising candidates for further investigation. These derivatives demonstrated potent growth-inhibitory activity against various standard and clinical isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 µg/ml, which are higher or comparable to the reference fluoroquinolone. Both compounds effectively inhibited biofilm formation by selected staphylococci across all tested concentrations (1-8 x MIC), displaying greater efficacy at higher doses compared to CP alone. Notably, conjugate 7 also significantly eradicated existing biofilms formed by S. aureus of various origin. Molecular docking studies revealed that conjugate 7 engages in a broader range of interactions with DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV than CP, suggesting stronger binding affinity and enhanced flexibility. This may contribute to its potential in overcoming bacterial resistance mechanisms. The above findings indicate compound 7 as a promising candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Roszkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Anna Majewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-004, Poland
| | - Kinga Markowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-004, Poland
| | - Hanna Pituch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-004, Poland
| | - Michał Koliński
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Str, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101 Str, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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4
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Sabt A, Khaleel EF, Shaldam MA, Ebaid MS, Mustafa Badi R, Allayeh AK, Eldehna WM, Dziadek J. Discovery of new quinoline derivatives bearing 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole motif as influenza H1N1 virus neuraminidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107703. [PMID: 39137601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Sporadically and periodically, influenza outbreaks threaten global health and the economy. Antigen drift-induced influenza virus mutations hamper antiviral drug development. Thus, a novel antiviral agent is urgently needed to address medication inefficacy issues. Herein, sixteen new quinoline-triazole hybrids 6a-h and 9a-h were prepared and evaluated in vitro against the H1N1 virus. In particular, 6d, 6e, and 9b showed promising H1N1 antiviral activity with selective index (SI) CC50/IC50 values of 15.8, 37, and 29.15. After that, the inhibition rates for various mechanisms of action (virus replication, adsorption, and virucidal activity) were investigated for the most efficient candidates 6d, 6e, and 9b. Additionally, their ability to inhibit neuraminidase was evaluated. With an IC50 value of 0.30 µM, hybrid 6d demonstrated effective and comparable inhibitory activity to Oseltamivir. Ultimately, molecular modeling investigations, encompassing molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations, were conducted to provide a scientific basis for the observed antiviral results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Manal S Ebaid
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdou K Allayeh
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt.
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Mantry L, Gandeepan P. Photochemical direct alkylation of heteroarenes with alkanes, alcohols, amides, and ethers. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7643-7648. [PMID: 39195903 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of heteroarenes with simple alkanes utilizing anthracene as a photoredox catalyst has been established. This approach provides a sustainable alternative, avoiding costly reagents or peroxides. The method demonstrates a broad substrate scope, enabling regioselective alkylation of various heteroarenes, including azoles, pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolones, and quinoxalinones under mild conditions. A range of alkyl sources, such as alkanes, ethers, dioxane, trioxane, alcohol, and alkylamides were viable substrates. A plausible catalytic cycle was proposed based on the preliminary mechanistic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusina Mantry
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India - 517619.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India - 517619.
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6
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Diana EJ, Jose J, Mathew TV. Recent development in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5- a]indole derivatives: an in-depth overview. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7560-7581. [PMID: 39193630 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of nitrogen-fused heterocycles, imidazo[1,5-a]indole and its derivatives are recognized as privileged structural patterns in various pharmaceutical drugs and biologically active natural products, emphasizing their significance. This review comprehensively explores the synthetic strategies for constructing imidazo[1,5-a]indole scaffolds, with a particular focus on transition metal-catalyzed methodologies. The primary highlighted method is [4 + 1] annulation, along with other notable approaches such as C-H activation/cyclization, enantioselective C-H annulation, intramolecular hydroamination, and double cyclization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Diana
- Department of Chemistry, St Thomas College Palai, Arunapuram P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Alphonsa College Pala, Arunapuram P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India.
| | - Jisna Jose
- Department of Chemistry, St Thomas College Palai, Arunapuram P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India.
| | - Thomas V Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, St Thomas College Palai, Arunapuram P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India.
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7
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Acharya SS, Parida BB. Synthetic routes to access dicarbonylated aryls and heteroaryls. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39319402 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Dicarbonyl compounds are privileged functionalities found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, bioactive molecules, and food items, and are important precursors in catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, polymer chemistry and synthesizing functionalized heterocycles. Herein, this comprehensive review focuses on various approaches for synthesizing 1,2-dicarbonylated aryls and heteroaryls in both intermolecular and intramolecular fashion, covering the dicarbonylation of indoles, imidazoheterocycles, indolizines, aminopyrazoles, pyrroloisoquinolines, coumarins, furan, anilines, phenols, anthranils, and benzil synthesis over the last decade (since 2015). Also, the present review highlights the scope and future perspectives of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadhin Swaraj Acharya
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, P. G. Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Odisha, India 760007.
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Parida
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, P. G. Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Odisha, India 760007.
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8
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Zhu CF, Tian Y, Mai JJ, Shi M, Dong X, Shen D, Shen MH, Xu HD. Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkenyl Heterocycles via Regioselective Intramolecular 1,4-Hydrofunctionalization of Dienes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39321353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel cobalt-catalyzed intramolecular 1,4-hydrofunctionalization of dienes. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is amenable to N- and O-nucleophiles. The protocol exhibits exclusive regioselectivity, yielding a number of different alkenyl heterocycles, including but not limited to dihydroisobenzofurans, isochromanes, tetrahydrofurans, morpholines, lactones, and isoindolines. Experimental studies were performed to offer some insight into the different mechanistic pathways and to rationalize the regio- and stereoselectivities of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jun-Ju Mai
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Mingyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xiasen Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Dongping Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Mei-Hua Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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9
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Sidunets YA, Melekhina VG, Fershtat LL. Tandem diazotization/cyclization approach for the synthesis of a fused 1,2,3-triazinone-furazan/furoxan heterocyclic system. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2342-2348. [PMID: 39319034 PMCID: PMC11420545 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A straightforward protocol for the synthesis of a previously unknown [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-7(6H)-one heterocyclic system was developed. The described approach is based on tandem diazotization/azo coupling reactions of (1,2,5-oxadiazolyl)carboxamide derivatives bearing both aromatic and aliphatic substituents. The NO-donor ability of the synthesized furoxano[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-7(6H)-ones was additionally evaluated. The elaborated method provides access to novel nitrogen heterocyclic compounds with potential applications as drug candidates or thermostable components of functional organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Sidunets
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya G Melekhina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics 101000, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Nawaz Z, Riaz N, Saleem M, Iqbal A, Ejaz SA, Muzaffar S, Bashir B, Ashraf M, Rehman AU, Bilal MS, Prabhala BK, Sajid S. Probing N-substituted 4-(5-mercapto-4-ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)- N-phenylpiperdine-1-carboxamides as potent 15-LOX inhibitors supported with ADME, DFT calculations and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35278. [PMID: 39281606 PMCID: PMC11401107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In our continuous efforts to find out leads against the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), the current study deals with the synthesis of a series of new N-alkyl/aralkyl/aryl derivatives of 2-(4-ethyl-5-(1-phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)methylacetamide (7a-n) with anti-LOX activities. The synthesis was started by reacting phenylisocyanate with isonipecotate that sequentially converted into N-substituted ester (1), hydrazide (2), semicarbazide (3) and N-ethylated 5-(1-phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1,2,4-triazole (4). The final compounds, 7a-n, were obtained by reacting 4 with various N-alkyl/aralkyl/aryl electrophiles. Both the intermediates and target compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, EI-MS and HR-EI-MS spectrometry and screened against soybean 15-LOX by chemiluminescence method. The eight compounds 7e, 7j, 7h, 7a, 7g, 7b, 7n, 7c showed potent inhibitory activities against 15-LOX with values ranging from IC50 0.36 ± 0.15 μM (7e) to IC50 6.75 ± 0.17 μM (7c) compared with the reference quercetin (IC50 4.86 ± 0.14 μM) and baicalein (IC50 2.24 ± 0.13 μM). Two analogues (7l, 7f) had significantly outstanding inhibitory potential with IC50 values 12.15 ± 0.23 μM and 15.54 ± 0.26 μM, whereas, the derivatives 7i, and 7d displayed IC50 values of 21.56 ± 0.27 μM, 23.59 ± 0.24 μM and the compounds 7k, 7m were found inactive. All analogues exhibited blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) viability >75 % at 0.25 mM concentration as determined by MTT method. Calculated pharmacokinetic properties projected good lipophilicity, bioavailability and drug-likeness properties and did not violate Lipinski's/Veber rule. Molecular docking studies revealed lower binding free energies of all the derivatives than the reference compounds. The binding free energies were -9.8 kcal/mol, -9.70 k/mol and -9.20 kcal/mol for 7j, 7h and 7e, respectively, compared with the standard quercetin (-8.47 kcal/mol) and baicalein (-8.98 kcal/mol). The docked ligands formed hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues Gln598 (7e), Arg260, Val 126 (7h), Gln762, Gln574, Thr443, Arg580 (7j) while other hydrophobic interactions observed therein further stabilized the complexes. The results of density functional theory (DFT) revealed that analogues with more stabilized lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) had significant enzyme inhibitory activity. The data collectively supports these molecules as leads against 15-LOX and demand further investigations as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Nawaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ambar Iqbal
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khawaja Fareed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Sceience and Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Bashir
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Bilal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khawaja Fareed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Bala Krishna Prabhala
- Institute of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230M, Denmark
| | - Salvia Sajid
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen 2, DK-2100, Kobenhavn O, Denmark
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11
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Hung TQ, Phuc BV, Nguyen MP, Tran TL, Do DV, Nguyen HT, Nguyen VT, Nguyen H, Dang TT. FeBr 3-catalysed synthesis of 3-aroylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine and 3,3'-(arylmethylene)bis(2-phenylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridines) derivatives from 2-arylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridines and aromatic aldehydes: an investigation about mechanistic insights. RSC Adv 2024; 14:29535-29541. [PMID: 39297035 PMCID: PMC11409445 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05198j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In a new approach, a series of 3-aroylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were prepared in high yields. This approach revealed the direct Fe-catalyzed functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with aryl aldehydes via an aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling process. This transformation occurred in the presence of air, and FeBr3 served as a homogeneous Lewis catalyst. O2 was found to be the principal oxidant responsible for the method's success. Interestingly, when these reactions were carried out under an argon atmosphere, 3,3'-(arylmethylene)bis(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines) derivatives were prepared in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
| | - Ban Van Phuc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
| | - Mai Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU) Vietnam
| | - Tuan Linh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU) Vietnam
| | - Dang Van Do
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU) Vietnam
| | - Ha Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
| | - Van Tuyen Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Vietnam
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE) Vietnam
| | - Tuan Thanh Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU) Vietnam
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12
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Zhu H, Manchado A, Omar Farah A, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Cheong PHY, Kasten K, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalysed Acylative Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Tetra-substituted Morpholinone and Benzoxazinone Lactols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402908. [PMID: 38713293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of methods to allow the selective acylative dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of tetra-substituted lactols is a recognised synthetic challenge. In this manuscript, a highly enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed acylative DKR of tetra-substituted morpholinone and benzoxazinone-derived lactols is reported. The scope and limitations of this methodology have been developed, with high enantioselectivity and good to excellent yields (up to 89 %, 99 : 1 er) observed across a broad range of substrate derivatives incorporating substitution at N(4) and C(2), di- and spirocyclic substitution at C(5) and C(6), as well as benzannulation (>35 examples in total). The DKR process is amenable to scale-up on a 1 g laboratory scale. The factors leading to high selectivity in this DKR process have been probed through computation, with an N-C=O⋅⋅⋅isothiouronium interaction identified as key to producing ester products in highly enantioenriched form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alejandro Manchado
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Abdikani Omar Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Aidan P McKay
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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13
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Horchar AH, Dean JE, Lake AR, Carsley JE, Lillevig TR, Liu S, Petersen KS. Synthesis of Lactams via a Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Aniline Cyclization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12725-12738. [PMID: 39120519 PMCID: PMC11382273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The enantioenriched lactams disclosed in this work are synthesized concisely in four steps. In the penultimate reaction, a benzylamine species complexes with a chiral phosphoric acid to produce benzo-fused δ-lactams equipped with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Partial and full reductions were carried out on the ester and amide moieties, and a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling expanded the molecule from the aromatic ring. Finally, our method was successful at a >1 g scale, indicating that the method has important practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Horchar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Jonathan E Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Alexander R Lake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Jessica E Carsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Tiana R Lillevig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Kimberly S Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
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14
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Wang J, Feng A, Liu C, Zhang D. Mechanistic Insights from Density Functional Theory into Rh/Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Skeleton-Reorganizing Coupling of Cycloheptatriene and Amines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12514-12523. [PMID: 39243123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were conducted to refine our understanding at the molecular level of the synthesis of fused 1,2-dihydroquinolines through Rh- and acid-catalyzed skeleton-reorganizing coupling reactions of cycloheptatriene with amines. The results reveal that the reaction progresses via cascade catalysis, consisting of consecutive steps of Rh-catalyzed intermolecular coupling involving two RhIII-RhI-RhIII transformations with a maximum energy barrier of 27.1 kcal/mol, followed by acid-catalyzed intramolecular skeleton reorganization with a peak energy barrier of 23.3 kcal/mol. The most significant finding of this work is the identification of a new oxidation-reduction mode of the Rh center. This mode is achieved via migration of a proton from the ammonium ion to the metal center and nucleophilic attack-induced intermolecular reductive coupling, distinguishing it from the conventional oxidative addition-reductive elimination process. The acid-catalyzed intramolecular skeleton reorganization necessitates the assistance of a second HOTs molecule, along with its conjugate base, which sequentially facilitates retro-Mannich-type C-C cleavage and the isomerization of the terminal imine to enamine via acid-base catalysis. Our calculations also explain why the azabicyclic tropene byproduct does not compete with the formation of the fused 1,2-dihydroquinoline product. These theoretical insights are expected to provide valuable guidance for further improvements in the efficiency of skeleton-reorganizing coupling reactions between cycloheptatriene and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aili Feng
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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15
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Guo Q, Xie C, Zi G, Lai X, Deerberg J, Hou G. Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N-Fused Heteroarenes with High Nitrogen Density: An Access to Chiral 2,5-Disubstituted 5,6-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2- a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1- c]pyrazines. Org Lett 2024; 26:7363-7369. [PMID: 39178146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazines containing four nitrogen atoms has been first realized. Under additive-free conditions, a variety of chiral 2,5-disubstituted 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazines can be afforded in high yields (86-98%) with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee. This method provides a straightforward strategy for the efficient synthesis of chiral multinitrogen polyheterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chaochao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinzhong Lai
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, BeiGene, Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Joerg Deerberg
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, BeiGene, Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Baidya M, De Sarkar S. Electrosynthesis of 1,2,3-Benzotriazines through an Iodide-Catalyzed Skeletal Editing of 3-Aminoindazoles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401900. [PMID: 38932565 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This report describes an environmentally benign synthesis of 1,2,3-benzotriazines through an iodide-catalyzed electro-oxidative N-centered [1,2]-rearrangement of 3-aminoindazoles. The developed method demonstrates the activation of heteroatoms via electrochemically generated reactive iodide species without using any metal catalysts and peroxides. The protocol features practical and mild reaction conditions and displays a wide substrate scope. Various mechanistic experiments and cyclic voltammetric studies have been instrumental in elucidating the reaction mechanism, operating via a skeletal rearrangement of 3-aminoindazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Baidya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
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17
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Kadu VD, Thokal MS, Godase RK, Kotali BC, Wadkar PS. Metal-free approach for imidazole synthesis via one-pot N-α-C(sp 3)- H bond functionalization of benzylamines. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28332-28339. [PMID: 39239291 PMCID: PMC11375450 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A metal-free one-pot method is established for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles from the reaction of arylmethylamines and 1,2-dicarbonyls/benzoin. The N-α-C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of arylmethylamines using a catalytic amount of AcOH afforded polysubstituted imidazoles under aerobic conditions in significant yields of up to 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas D Kadu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Machhindra S Thokal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Rajkumar K Godase
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Bhagyashree C Kotali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Pooja S Wadkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
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18
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DeCicco EM, Tlapale-Lara N, Paradine SM. Incorporating azaheterocycle functionality in intramolecular aerobic, copper-catalyzed aminooxygenation of alkenes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28822-28826. [PMID: 39257658 PMCID: PMC11386206 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the maturity of alkene 1,2-difunctionalization reactions involving C-N bond formation, a key limitation across aminofunctionalization methods is incompatibility with substrates bearing medicinally relevant N-heterocycles. Using a cooperative ligand-substrate catalyst activation strategy, we have developed an aerobic, copper-catalyzed alkene aminooxygenation method that exhibits broad tolerance for β,γ-unsaturated carbamates bearing aromatic azaheterocycle substitution. The synthetic potential of this methodology was demonstrated by engaging a densely-functionalized vonoprazan analogue and elaborating an amino oxygenated product to synthesize a heteroarylated analogue precursor of the FDA-approved antibiotic chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M DeCicco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Neively Tlapale-Lara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Shauna M Paradine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
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19
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Nafie MS, Kahwash SH, Youssef MM, Dawood KM. Recent advances on quinoxalines as target-oriented chemotherapeutic anticancer agents through apoptosis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400225. [PMID: 38822393 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The current review outlines all possible recent synthetic platforms to quinoxaline derivatives and the potent stimulated apoptosis mechanisms targeted by anticancer therapies. The currently reported results disclosed that quinoxaline derivatives had promising anticancer potencies against a wide array of cancer cell lines, better than the reference drugs, through target inhibition. This review summarizes some potent quinoxaline derivatives with their synthesis strategies and their potential activities against various molecular targets. Quinoxalines can be considered an important scaffold for apoptosis inducers in cancer cells through inhibiting some molecular targets, so they can be further developed as target-oriented chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shaima H Kahwash
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Magdy M Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Li T, Zhou Y, Fu X, Yang L, Liu H, Zhou X, Liu L, Wu Z, Yang S. Identification of novel 4-substituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as new FtsZ inhibitors: Bioactivity evaluation and computational simulation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107534. [PMID: 38896935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and the consequent outburst of bactericide-resistance issues are fatal menace to both global health and agricultural produce. Hence, it is crucial to explore candidate bactericides with new mechanisms of action. The filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) protein has been recognized as a new promising and effective target for new bactericide discovery. Hence, using a scaffold-hopping strategy, we designed new 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, evaluated their antibacterial activities, and investigated their structure-activity relationships. Among them, compound B6 exhibited the optimal in vitro bioactivity (EC50 = 4.65 µg/mL) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which was superior to the references (bismerthiazol [BT], EC50 = 48.67 µg/mL; thiodiazole copper [TC], EC50 = 98.57 µg/mL]. Furthermore, the potency of compound B6 in targeting FtsZ was validated by GTPase activity assay, FtsZ self-assembly observation, fluorescence titration, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) assay, molecular dynamics simulations, and morphological observation. The GTPase activity assay showed that the final IC50 value of compound B6 against XooFtsZ was 235.0 μM. Interestingly, the GTPase activity results indicated that the B6-XooFtsZ complex has an excellent binding constant (KA = 103.24 M-1). Overall, the antibacterial behavior suggests that B6 can interact with XooFtsZ and inhibit its GTPase activity, leading to bacterial cell elongation and even death. In addition, compound B6 showed acceptable anti-Xoo activity in vivo and low toxicity, and also demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile predicted by ADMET analysis. Our findings provide new chemotypes for the development of FtsZ inhibitors as well as insights into their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xichun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongwu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Liwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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21
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Abdel-Motaal M, Aldakhili DA, Farag AB, Elmaaty AA, Sharaky M, Mohamed NA, Shaaban S, Alzahrani AYA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design and synthesis of novel multi-target tetrabromophthalimides as CBS and Topo-II inhibitors and DNA intercalators. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00585f. [PMID: 39290384 PMCID: PMC11403875 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00585f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic structures and constitute a crucial component of the cellular cytoskeleton. Besides, topoisomerases (Topo) play a fundamental role in maintaining the appropriate structure and organization of DNA. On the other hand, dual mechanism drug candidates for cancer treatment primarily aim to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment and potentially overcome drug resistance. Hence, this work was tailored to design and synthesize new multi-target tetrabromophthalimide derivatives (2a-2k) that are capable of inhibiting the colchicine binding site (CBS) and topoisomerase II (Topo-II). The conducted in vitro studies showed that compound 2f showed the lowest IC50 value (6.7 μg mL-1) against the MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line. Additionally, compound 2f prompted upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9, Bax and p53). Moreover, some anti-apoptotic proteins (MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2) were downregulated by compound 2f treatment. Besides, the colchicine binding assay showed that compounds 2f and 2k displayed promising inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 1.92 and 4.84 μg mL-1, respectively, in comparison with colchicine (1.55 μg mL-1). Furthermore, the Topo-II inhibition assay displayed the prominent inhibitory potential of compound 2f with an IC50 value of 15.75 μg mL-1, surpassing the IC50 of etoposide (20.82 μg mL-1). Cell cycle analysis revealed that compound 2f induced cell cycle arrest at both the G0-G1 and G2-M phases. The new candidates were docked against both the CBS (PDB ID: 5XIW) and Topo-II (PDB ID: 5CDP) targets to investigate their binding interactions and affinities as well. Accordingly, the synthesized compounds could serve as promising multi-target anticancer candidates with eligible apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdel-Motaal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University Buraydah 51452 Qassim Saudi Arabia
- Organic Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Dalal Ali Aldakhili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University Buraydah 51452 Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman B Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University 6th of October City Giza 12566 Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University Port Said 42511 Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University Buraydah 51452 Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Organic Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mashreq Baghdad 10023 Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt New Damietta 34518 Egypt
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22
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Bindra S, Bose K, Thekkantavida AC, Grace Thomas Parambi D, Alsahli TG, Pant M, Pappachen LK, Kim H, Mathew B. FDA-approved drugs containing dimethylamine pharmacophore: a review of the last 50 years. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27657-27696. [PMID: 39224646 PMCID: PMC11367245 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethylamine (DMA) derivatives represent a promising class of compounds with significant potential in the field of medicinal chemistry. DMA derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antihistaminic, anticancer, and analgesic properties. Their unique chemical structure allows for the modulation of various biological targets, making them valuable candidates for the treatment of numerous diseases. Synthetic strategies for the preparation of DMA derivatives vary depending on the desired biological activity and target molecule. Common synthetic routes involve the modification of the DMA scaffold through functional group manipulation, scaffold hopping, or combinatorial chemistry approaches. Therapeutically, DMA derivatives have shown promise in the treatment of infectious diseases, especially bacterial infections. Additionally, by focusing on particular biochemical pathways involved in tumor growth and metastasis, DMA-based drugs have shown anticancer activity. In addition to their direct pharmacological effects, DMA derivatives can serve as valuable tools in drug delivery systems, prodrug design, and molecular imaging techniques, enhancing their utility in medicinal chemistry research. Overall, DMA derivatives represent a versatile class of compounds with immense potential in medicinal chemistry. Further research and development efforts are warranted to explore their full therapeutic capabilities and optimize their clinical utility in the treatment of various diseases. This article outlines the pharmacological properties, synthetic strategies, and therapeutic applications of DMA derivatives of FDA approved drugs, highlighting their importance in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bindra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Kuntal Bose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Amrutha Chandran Thekkantavida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq G Alsahli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manu Pant
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun 248002 India
- Graphic Era Hill University (Deemed to be University) Clement Town Dehradun 248002 India
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
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23
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Luo Y, Yao J, He Y, Xu C, Liu D. Nickel-catalysed reductive C-N bond cross-coupling between aryl halides and N-chloroamides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6955-6959. [PMID: 39135428 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00970c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
A method for the direct synthesis of N-aryl lactams and amides with aryl halides and N-chloroamides through a Ni-catalyzed reductive C-N coupling reaction has been developed. The reaction features the advantages of mild conditions, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope including drug-derived substrates, and also provided direct access to the key synthetic intermediates for some bioactive molecules, suggesting the practicability of this method. Finally, DFT calculations were performed to shed further light on the reaction mechanism and it was found that an amidyl radical might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiacan Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yunzhi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products; College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China.
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24
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Arockiaraj M, Rajeshkumar V. Iodine-promoted sequential C(sp 3)-H oxidation and cyclization of aryl methyl ketones with 2-(2-aminophenyl)quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7052-7058. [PMID: 39145634 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
An I2-promoted, metal-free protocol has been developed for the one-pot synthesis of 6-aroyl-5,6-dihydro-8H-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-ones from readily accessible substrates. This reaction involves the in situ sp3 C-H oxidation of aryl methyl ketones to phenylglyoxal, followed by imine formation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition, resulting in the formation of two new C-N bonds. Furthermore, the method is applicable to a wide range of aryl methyl ketones, including heterocycles and drug-derived substrates, yielding the desired products with yields ranging from 62% to 93%. Additionally, the practical utility of this approach was demonstrated through gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyaraj Arockiaraj
- Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda - 506004, Telangana, India.
| | - Venkatachalam Rajeshkumar
- Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda - 506004, Telangana, India.
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25
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Zhang K, Zhang YJ, Li M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Deciphering the enigmas of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): A medicinal chemistry expedition towards combating HIV drug resistance. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39188075 DOI: 10.1002/med.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal involvement of reverse transcriptase activity in the pathogenesis of the progressive HIV virus has stimulated gradual advancements in drug discovery initiatives spanning three decades. Consequently, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have emerged as a preeminent category of therapeutic agents for HIV management. Academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies have developed numerous NNRTIs, an essential component of antiretroviral therapy. Six NNRTIs have received Food and Drug Administration approval and are widely used in clinical practice, significantly improving the quality of HIV patients. However, the rapid emergence of drug resistance has limited the effectiveness of these medications, underscoring the necessity for perpetual research and development of novel therapeutic alternatives. To supplement the existing literatures on NNRTIs, a comprehensive review has been compiled to synthesize this extensive dataset into a comprehensible format for the medicinal chemistry community. In this review, a thorough investigation and meticulous analysis were conducted on the progressions achieved in NNRTIs within the past 8 years (2016-2023), and the experiences and insights gained in the development of inhibitors with varying chemical structures were also summarized. The provision of a crucial point of reference for the development of wide-ranging anti-HIV medications is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Moein-Najafabadi S, Safaei-Ghomi J. Silica/APTPOSS anchored on MnFe 2O 4 as an efficient nanomagnetic composite for the preparation of spiro-pyrano [2, 3-c] chromene derivatives. BMC Chem 2024; 18:155. [PMID: 39182154 PMCID: PMC11344937 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of Octakis [3- (3-amino propyl triethoxysilane) propyl] octa-silsesquioxane (APTPOSS), a derivative of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, was utilized to produce an efficient nanocomposite. MNPs@Silica/APTPOSS was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, and Thermogravimetric analysis. These magnetic nanoparticles, a combination of organic-inorganic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, were utilized as a proficient heterogeneous catalyst in the one-pot synthesis of spirooxindoles derivatives. Furthermore, they could be swiftly isolated and reused six times while maintaining their catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moein-Najafabadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, I. R. of Iran
| | - Javad Safaei-Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, I. R. of Iran.
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27
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Guerrero M, Rentería-Gómez Á, Das D, Gutierrez O. Fe-Catalyzed Fluoroalkyl(hetero)arylation of Vinyl Azaarenes: Rapid and Modular Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1-Bis(hetero)arylalkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:7015-7020. [PMID: 39141436 PMCID: PMC11348425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to transition-metal-catalyzed difunctionalization of activated alkenes, selective alkylarylation of vinyl azaarenes is underdeveloped. Consequently, the lack of modular and rapid syntheses of 1,1-bis(hetero)arylalkanes limits their exploration in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report a protocol using commercially available iron salts, bisphosphine ligands, fluoroalkyl halides, and Grignard reagents that enables the selective 1,2-fluoroalkyl(hetero)arylation of vinyl azaarenes. We demonstrate the versatility and robustness of the method through the selective synthesis of a range of unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(hetero)arylalkenes, including pyridine N-oxides, triazoles, pyrazines, carbazoles, indazoles, and 1,2-azaborines. Mechanistic insights from experimental and computational investigations support a radical pathway and provide insights into the role of non-covalent interactions in iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborshee Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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28
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Tu JL, Huang B. Titanium in photocatalytic organic transformations: current applications and future developments. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6650-6664. [PMID: 39118484 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Titanium, as an important transition metal, has garnered extensive attention in both industry and academia due to its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and unique reactivity in organic synthesis. In the field of organic photocatalysis, titanium-based compounds such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanocenes (Cp2TiCl2, CpTiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium (Ti(OiPr)4), and chiral titanium complexes have demonstrated distinct reactivity and selectivity. This review focuses on the roles of these titanium compounds in photocatalytic organic reactions, and highlights the reaction pathways such as photo-induced single-electron transfer (SET) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). By systematically surveying the latest advancements in titanium-involved organic photocatalysis, this review aims to provide references for further research and technological innovation within this fast-developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Binbin Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
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29
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Lange M, Alistratov N, Vilotijevic I. Enantioselective Lewis base catalysed allylation of picoline- and quinaldine-based latent pronucleophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6684-6689. [PMID: 39101943 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Picolines and quinaldines are valuable building blocks and intermediates in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Functionalization of the methyl group in picolines and quinaldines under mild conditions is challenging. We report that the concept of latent pronucleophiles enables Lewis base catalysed allylation of picolines and quinaldines with allylic fluorides starting from silylated picolines and quinaldines. Reactions afford enantioenriched allylation products when chiral Lewis base catalysts are used. The allylation products can be rapidly transformed to quinolizine-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lange
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Nikita Alistratov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ivan Vilotijevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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30
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Paul B, Panja D, Kundu S. Synthesis of N-heterocycles through alcohol dehydrogenative coupling. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01031-w. [PMID: 39174661 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are found in the structures of many biologically important compounds, as well as materials used in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Notably, ~59% of US Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles. It is therefore meaningful to explore greener or more sustainable methods for their synthesis. The use of alcohols as reagents is attractive as they can be readily obtained from biomass derived natural resources. In the last two decades, alcohol dehydrogenative coupling reaction to synthesize various heterocycles were extensively explored which furnished hydrogen (H2) and water (H2O) as the two greener byproducts. In this protocol, we describe several efficient catalytic transformations to synthesize quinolines, 1,8-naphthyridines, quinoxalines, quinazolines, pyrimidines, benzimidazoles, pyrroles and pyridines, using alcohol as starting materials. We also describe the synthesis of several homogeneous iridium/ruthenium catalysts and heterogeneous cobalt/copper catalysts that can be used in these transformations. The reaction setup is simple; in a Schlenk/reaction tube with magnetic stir-bar, alcohol, corresponding coupling reagents (nucleophiles), catalyst, base and solvent (water or organic solvent such as toluene, dioxane or p-xylene) are added. The reaction mixture is refluxed at the specified temperature (110-150 °C)-either in air or under argon-to furnish these heterocycles. Synthesis of the catalysts takes 3-5 h and the coupling reactions take 4-5 h depending on the target product. The cobalt- and copper-based heterogeneous catalytic systems displayed an good catalyst recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur, India.
| | - Dibyajyoti Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur, India.
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31
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Liu JR, Jiang EY, Sukhbaatar O, Zhang WH, Zhang MZ, Yang GF, Gu YC. Natural and synthetic 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazoles: Biological activity, chemical synthesis and advanced molecules. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39152525 DOI: 10.1002/med.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
5-(3'-Indolyl)oxazole moiety is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold, embedded in many biologically interesting natural products and potential therapeutic agents. Compounds containing this scaffold, whether from natural sources or synthesized, have demonstrated a wide array of biological activities. This has piqued the interest of synthetic chemists, leading to a large number of reported synthetic approaches to 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazole scaffold in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively overviewed the different biological activities and chemical synthetic methods for the 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazole scaffold reported in the literatures from 1963 to 2024. The focus of this study is to highlight the significance of 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazole derivatives as the lead compounds for the lead discovery of anticancer, pesticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, to summarize the synthetic methods for the 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazole scaffold. In addition, the reported mechanism of action of 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazoles and advanced molecules studied in animal models are also reviewed. Furthermore, this review offers perspectives on how 5-(3'-indolyl)oxazole scaffold as a privileged structure might be exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - En-Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Otgonpurev Sukhbaatar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
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32
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Savarimuthu Selvan C, Rengan R, Malecki JG. One-Pot Sustainable Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrimidines via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Annulation of Alcohols Using Pincer Ni(II)-NNS Catalysts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11148-11160. [PMID: 39087691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
We report an efficient and sustainable synthesis of highly substituted pyrimidines promoted by nickel(II)-NNS pincer-type complexes via acceptorless dehydrogenative annulations of readily available alcohols, malononitrile, and guanidine/benzamidine salt under eco-friendly conditions for the first time. Different sets of Ni(II) complexes (C1-C3) encapsulated in NNS pincer-type thiosemicarbazone ligands have been synthesized and authenticated by analytical and spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry) techniques. The solid state three-dimensional structure of a representative complex (C2) has been determined with the aid of single crystal XRD analysis and confirms a square planar architecture around the nickel ion. Further, the well-defined Ni(II) complexes have been employed as efficient catalysts for the fabrication of a wide range of 4-aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives (33 examples) from readily available alcohols with suitable coupling partners such as malononitrile and guanidine/benzamidine under eco-friendly conditions. The current catalytic approach affords maximum yields up to 95% utilizing 3 mol % catalyst loading and water/hydrogen as the only byproduct. A feasible catalytic pathway has been proposed based on the different control experiment reactions, which clearly indicate that the coupling reaction proceeds via aldehyde and benzylidenemalononitrile intermediates. The practicability of the current protocol has been demonstrated by the large-scale synthesis of one of the products, 4-amino-2,6-diphenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, and a short synthesis of a cytosine antifungal analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Savarimuthu Selvan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-006, Poland
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33
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Anghinoni J, Ferreira SS, Kazmierczak JC, Perin G, Penteado F, Lenardão EJ. Synthesis of Selenium-Decorated N-Oxide Isoquinolines: Arylseleninic Acids in Selenocyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11272-11280. [PMID: 39088563 PMCID: PMC11334173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the use of benzeneseleninic acid derivatives (BSA) as a bench-stable and easy to handle selenium reagent to access 4-(selanyl)isoquinoline-N-oxides through the selenocyclization of o-alkynyl benzaldehyde oximes. The reaction is conducted in refluxing methanol, allowing the thermal generation of electrophilic selenium species in situ. By this new protocol, a library of 19 selenium-decorated N-oxide isoquinolines was accessed in up to 96% yield with an outstanding substrate tolerance and the feasibility to scale it up 10 times (from 0.25 to 2.5 mmol).
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Affiliation(s)
- João
M. Anghinoni
- Centro
de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos
(CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas
(UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sabrina S. Ferreira
- Centro
de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos
(CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas
(UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jean C. Kazmierczak
- Centro
de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, Building 18, Santa Maria, 97105-340 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro
de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos
(CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas
(UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Centro
de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, Building 18, Santa Maria, 97105-340 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Centro
de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos
(CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas
(UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
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34
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Verma A, Kant R, Ghosh N. p-TsOH-Mediated Intramolecular C2-Arylation on NH-Indoles: Access of 5,10-Dihydroindeno[1,2- b]indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:6814-6818. [PMID: 39101709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
5,10-Dihydroindeno[1,2-b]indole has served as an important starting precursor for BARAC-fluor reagent in medicinal chemistry. Herein, an unprecedented p-TsOH assisted intramolecular C2-arylation of NH-indoles via C(sp2)-CN/C(sp2)-H coupling, offering a series of 5,10-dihydroindeno[1,2-b]indoles with moderate to good yields, has been showcased under redox-neutral conditions. Furthermore, successful scalability and synthetic applications highlight the practical nature of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Verma
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Nayan Ghosh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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35
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Choithramani A, Das R, Bothra G, Patel Vatsa P, Muthukumar V, Bhuvana BKS, Kapoor S, Moola D, Chowdhury MG, Mandoli A, Shard A. Targeted suppression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by pyrimidine-tethered quinoxaline derivatives. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2729-2744. [PMID: 39149105 PMCID: PMC11324040 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) stands as a prominent cause of global mortality. Despite numerous efforts in recent decades, the efficacy of novel therapies to extend the lifespan of OC patients remains disappointingly low. Consequently, the demand for innovative therapeutic agents has become all the more pressing. In this context, we present our work on the design and synthesis of twenty-five novel quinoxaline-tethered imidazopyri(mi)dine derivatives. This was followed by comprehensive investigations into the impact of these molecules on the OC cell line. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies performed in CAL-27 and normal oral epithelial (NOE) cell lines revealed that some of the synthesized molecules like 12d have potent antiproliferative activity specifically towards OC cells with an IC50 of 0.79 μM and show negligible cytotoxicity over NOE cells. Further, 12d arrested cell growth in the S phase of the cell cycle and induced cell death by early apoptosis. The in silico studies validated that 12d binds to the activator binding site on pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) overexpressed in OC while the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-coupled enzyme assay established 12d as a potent PKM2 activator with an AC50 of 0.6 nM. Hence, this study provides fruitful evidence for the designed compounds as anticancer agents against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Choithramani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Gourav Bothra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Priyanka Patel Vatsa
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Venkatesh Muthukumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Bombothu Kavya Sai Bhuvana
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Saumya Kapoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Deepshika Moola
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) Opposite Airforce Station, Palaj Gandhinagar Gujarat - 382355 India
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36
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Palomba M, Angeli A, Galdini R, Hughineata AJ, Perin G, Lenardão EJ, Marini F, Santi C, Supuran CT, Bagnoli L. Iodine/Oxone® oxidative system for the synthesis of selenylindoles bearing a benzenesulfonamide moiety as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6532-6542. [PMID: 39072494 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A wide range of 3-selenylindoles were synthesized via an eco-friendly approach that uses Oxone® as the oxidant in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine. This mild and economical protocol showed broad functional group tolerance and operational simplicity. A series of novel selenylindoles bearing a benzenesulfonamide moiety were also synthesized and evaluated as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors of the human (h) isoforms hCa I, II, IX, and XII, which are involved in pathologies such as glaucoma and cancer. Several derivatives showed excellent inhibitory activity towards these isoforms in the nanomolar range, lower than that shown by acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Galdini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Joana Hughineata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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37
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Jaiswal S, Kishore D, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj K, Richa S, Jain S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Water-assisted cascade synthesis of trifluoromethylated dipyridodiazepinone analogues: in vitro and in silico antibacterial studies. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6520-6531. [PMID: 39072429 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A base-promoted palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction is described to access trifluoromethylated dipyridodiazepinone derivatives in an aqueous system (1,4-dioxane-H2O). This methodology uses simple chemicals, has a broad substrate scope, is waste minimized (E-factor = 0.3-0.9) and produces 11-CF3-tethered dipyridiodiazepinone derivatives in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized analogues were preliminarily examined for antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and compared to the reference drugs. Furthermore, inhibition of the peptide deformylase enzyme and antibiofilm studies were performed and compound 5i exhibited the best inhibitory effect among the other analogues. Furthermore, these analogues were in silico analysed via molecular docking, molecular simulation, drug-likeness, physicochemical and ADMET studies. Results from biological evaluation and computational studies revealed that compound 5i could be used as a lead molecular structure for the development of novel antibacterial agents. In conclusion, the green metrics evaluation of the defined protocol provides advantages in the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
| | - Annu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
| | | | - Shruti Richa
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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38
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Beyoğlu D, Popov YV, Idle JR. The Metabolomic Footprint of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:1333. [PMID: 39195223 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical liver fibrosis leave a metabolic footprint that can be uncovered and defined using metabolomic approaches. Metabolomics combines pattern recognition algorithms with analytical chemistry, in particular, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. The analysis of liver fibrosis by each of these methodologies is reviewed separately. Surprisingly, there was little general agreement between studies within each of these three groups and also between groups. The metabolomic footprint determined by NMR (two or more hits between studies) comprised elevated lactate, acetate, choline, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, histidine, methionine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate. For GC-MS, succinate, fumarate, malate, ascorbate, glutamate, glycine, serine and, in agreement with NMR, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate were delineated. For LC-MS, only β-muricholic acid, tryptophan, acylcarnitine, p-cresol, valine and, in agreement with NMR, phosphocholine were identified. The metabolomic footprint of liver fibrosis was upregulated as regards glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, citrate and phosphocholine. Several investigators employed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments to reverse experimental liver fibrosis, and a commentary is given on the chemical constituents that may possess fibrolytic activity. It is proposed that molecular docking procedures using these TCM constituents may lead to novel therapies for liver fibrosis affecting at least one-in-twenty persons globally, for which there is currently no pharmaceutical cure. This in-depth review summarizes the relevant literature on metabolomics and its implications in addressing the clinical problem of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
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39
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Schroeder EZ, Lin C, Hu Y, Dai ZY, Griffin AF, Hotvedt TS, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. Chemoselective Silver-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer: Tunable Syntheses of Azepines and Cyclic Carbamimidates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22085-22092. [PMID: 39051463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Azepines and their saturated azepane counterparts are important moieties in bioactive molecules but are under-represented in current drug screening libraries. Herein, we report a mild and efficient azepine formation via silver-catalyzed dearomative nitrene transfer. A 2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonyl (Tces)-protected carbamimidate nitrene precursor, coupled with the appropriate ligand for silver, is essential for achieving the unexpected chemoselectivity between arene dearomatization and benzylic C(sp3)-H amination. Potential applications in the late-stage diversification of azepines to complex molecular scaffolds and diastereoselective hydrogenations to sp3-rich derivatives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chenxi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhen-Yao Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amory F Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas S Hotvedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue ,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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40
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Holovach S, Poroshyn I, Melnykov KP, Liashuk OS, Pariiska OO, Kolotilov SV, Rozhenko AB, Volochnyuk DM, Grygorenko OO. Parallel Minisci Reaction of gem-Difluorocycloalkyl Building Blocks. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:424-431. [PMID: 39132014 PMCID: PMC11311045 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Parallel Minisci reactions of nonfluorinated and gem-difluorinated C4-C7 cycloalkyl building blocks (trifluoroborates and carboxylic acids) with a series of electron-deficient heterocycles were studied. A comparison of the reaction's outcome revealed better product yields in the case of carboxylic acids as the radical precursors in most cases, albeit these reagents were used with three-fold excess under optimized conditions. The nature of the heterocyclic core was found to be important for successful incorporation of the cycloalkyl fragment. The impact of the CF2 moiety on the oxidation potential of fluorinated cycloalkyl trifluoroborates and the reaction outcome, in general, was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Holovach
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 5, Kyïv 02066, Ukraine
| | - Illia Poroshyn
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P. Melnykov
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr S. Liashuk
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Olena O. Pariiska
- L.
V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Avenue 31, Kyïv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Kolotilov
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- L.
V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Avenue 31, Kyïv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Alexander B. Rozhenko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 5, Kyïv 02066, Ukraine
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 5, Kyïv 02066, Ukraine
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine
Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 5, Kyïv 02066, Ukraine
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41
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Natarajan P, Chatterjee A, J SJS, Peruncheralathan S. Unexpected dearomatization of N-protected 5-aminopyrazoles at ambient temperature: a simple route to highly functionalized pyrazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6288-6293. [PMID: 39041174 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
We present a new strategy for the dearomatized hydroxylation of 5-aminopyrazoles using a hypervalent iodine reagent at room temperature. This method produces a series of 4-hydroxy-5-iminopyrazolines with good to excellent yields within 2 hours. Additionally, we demonstrate a domino reaction for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-pyrazolones. Mechanistic studies indicate that the dearomatization proceeds through a cationic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
| | - Siddharth Jaya Sajeevan J
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
| | - Saravanan Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda - 752050, India.
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42
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Dake G, Blanchard N, Kaliappan KP. Synthesis of N-Alkyl Substituted Benzimidazoquinazolinones. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33805-33814. [PMID: 39130563 PMCID: PMC11307283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic N-heterocycles, especially benzimidazoquinazolinones featuring alkyl chains, hold significant pharmaceutical relevance. Here, we introduce a streamlined one-pot, 2-fold Cu-catalyzed C-N bond formation protocol for the efficient synthesis of diverse N-alkyl benzimidazoquinazolinone derivatives. This method showcases a broad substrate scope, leveraging readily accessible alkyl halides and delivers the desired cyclized products in excellent yields. Additionally, the methodology enabled the synthesis of an antitumor agent with satisfactory yield, highlighting its utility in medicinal chemistry endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav
G. Dake
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- CNRS,
LIMA, UMR 7042, Universite de Haute Alsace/University
of Strasbourg, Mulhouse 68000, France
| | - Krishna P. Kaliappan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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43
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Raman APS, Aslam M, Awasthi A, Ansari A, Jain P, Lal K, Bahadur I, Singh P, Kumari K. An updated review on 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis and diverse range of biological potential. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10858-0. [PMID: 39066993 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of triazoles has attracted a lot of interest in the field of organic chemistry because of its versatile chemical characteristics and possible biological uses. This review offers an extensive overview of the different pathways used in the production of triazoles. A detailed analysis of recent research indicates that triazole compounds have a potential range of pharmacological activities, including the ability to inhibit enzymes, and have antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities. The integration of computational and experimental methods provides a thorough understanding of the structure-activity connection, promoting sensible drug design and optimization. By including triazoles as essential components in drug discovery, researchers can further explore and innovate in the synthesis, biological assessment, and computational studies of triazoles as drugs, exploring the potential therapeutic significance of triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Mohd Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Amardeep Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, North western University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anas Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, North western University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2745, South Africa
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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44
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Romero-Hernández LL, Ahuja-Casarín AI, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Vega-Báez JL, Sandoval-Ramírez J. Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of spiro heterocyclic steroids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1713-1745. [PMID: 39076294 PMCID: PMC11285062 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that incorporating a heterocyclic moiety into a steroid can alter its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, driving intense interest in the synthesis of such hybrids among research groups. In this review, we present an overview of recent synthetic methodologies, spanning the period from 2000 to 2023, for the preparation of spiro heterocyclic steroids. The compounds surveyed encompass four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles appended to various positions of steroidal backbones, with spirocycles containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms being predominant. The outlined synthetic procedures emphasize the pivotal steps for constructing the heterocycles, often accompanied by a detailed account of the overall synthesis pathway. The review encompasses innovative compounds, including bis-steroids linked by a spiro heterocycle and steroids conjugated to heterocyclic moieties containing three or more (hetero)cycles. Moreover, many compounds are accompanied by data on their biological activities, such as antiproliferative, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, steroid antagonist, and enzyme inhibition, among others, aimed at furnishing pertinent insights for the future design of more potent and selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Romero-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México
| | - Ana Isabel Ahuja-Casarín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México
| | - José Luis Vega-Báez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México
| | - Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570, Puebla, Pue., México
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45
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Savickienė V, Bieliauskas A, Belyakov S, Arbačiauskienė E, Šačkus A. Multicomponent Synthesis of New Fluorescent Boron Complexes Derived from 3-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. Molecules 2024; 29:3432. [PMID: 39065010 PMCID: PMC11279739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel fluorescent pyrazole-containing boron (III) complexes were synthesized employing a one-pot three-component reaction of 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, 2-aminobenzenecarboxylic acids, and boronic acids. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed using 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, 19F-, and 11B-NMR, IR spectroscopy, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The photophysical properties of the obtained iminoboronates were investigated using spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Compounds display main UV-vis absorption maxima in the blue region, and fluorescence emission maxima are observed in the green region of the visible spectrum. It was revealed that compounds exhibit fluorescence quantum yield up to 4.3% in different solvents and demonstrate an aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect in mixed THF-water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Savickienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Sergey Belyakov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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46
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Zhang H, Xie S, Yang J, Ye N, Gao F, Gallou F, Gao L, Lei X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2-Aryl Thiazolines from 4-Hydroxybenzaldehydes Using Vanillyl Alcohol Oxidases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405833. [PMID: 38748747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are commonly found in bioactive natural products and drugs. However, the biocatalytic tools for nitrogen heterocycle synthesis are limited. Herein, we report the discovery of vanillyl alcohol oxidases (VAOs) as efficient biocatalysts for the one-pot synthesis of 2-aryl thiazolines from various 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and aminothiols. The wild-type biocatalyst features a broad scope of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Though the scope of aminothiols is limited, it could be improved via semi-rational protein engineering, generating a variant to produce previously inaccessible cysteine-derived bioactive 2-aryl thiazolines using the wild-type VAO. Benefiting from the derivatizable functional groups in the enzymatic products, we further chemically modified these products to expand the chemical space, offering a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the green and efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 2-aryl-thiazoline derivatives to prompt their use in drug discovery and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ye
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu, 215537, People's Republic of China
- Current Address: Rezubio Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, 519070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu, 215537, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
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47
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Wang ZH, Huang DQ, Wang P, Yang L, You Y, Zhao JQ, Zhang YP, Yuan WC. Synthesis of 6/5/3-Fused Tricyclic Scaffolds via Multistep Cascade Cyclization of α-Aryl Vinylsulfoniums with para-Quinamines and para-Quinols. Org Lett 2024; 26:5905-5910. [PMID: 38980194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a straightforward approach to access hydroindoline-5-one-based 6/5/3-fused polycyclic ring structures through multistep cascade reactions involving α-aryl vinylsulfoniums and para-quinamines. The reactions proceed smoothly under mild conditions to deliver the desired products in generally good isolated yields. This protocol is also applicable to the cascade cycloaddition reactions of α-aryl vinylsulfoniums and para-quinols, effectively generating complex tricyclic scaffolds. In addition, the scale-up synthesis and further derivatizations demonstrate the potential synthetic application of the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Dong-Qun Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong You
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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48
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Mahapatra D, Sau A, Ghosh T, Roy A, Kundu S. Co(II)-Catalyzed Additive-Free Transfer Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2024; 26:6001-6005. [PMID: 38976355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional catalyst development relies on multistep synthesis and isolation of ligand and precatalyst. Designing a catalytic system that can be assembled in situ from easily accessible starting materials can decrease the reaction complexity and enhance the synthetic utility. Herein, we report an inexpensive and commercially available CoBr2·H2O/terpyridine-catalyzed effective and straightforward transfer hydrogenation (TH) protocol for N-heteroarenes, utilizing NH3·BH3 (AB) under ambient conditions. Synthesis of diverse substrates and bioactive molecules demonstrated a practical applicability. Control experiments and DFT studies elucidate the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Anirban Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Tanmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Arkamitra Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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49
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Bonyasi F, Bayati B, Sadeghi Moghadam M, Amini M. Recent Advances in Design and Development of Diazole and Diazine Based Fungicides (2014-2023). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15427-15448. [PMID: 38967261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
With fungal diseases posing a major threat to agricultural production, the application of fungicides to control related diseases is often considered necessary to ensure the world's food supply. The search for new bioactive agents has long been a priority in crop protection due to the continuous development of resistance against currently used types of active compounds. Heterocyclic compounds are an inseparable part of the core structures of numerous lead compounds, these rings constitute pharmacophores of a significant number of fungicides developed over the past decade by agrochemists. Among heterocycles, nitrogen-based compounds play an essential role. To date, diazole (imidazole and pyrazole) and diazine (pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyrazine) derivatives make up an important series of synthetic fungicides. In recent years, many reports have been published on the design, synthesis, and study of the fungicidal activity of these scaffolds, but there was a lack of a comprehensive classified review on nitrogen-containing scaffolds. Regarding this issue, here we have reviewed the published articles on the fungicidal activity of the diazole and diazine families. In current review, we have classified the molecules synthesized so far based on the size of the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bonyasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Bahareh Bayati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahdis Sadeghi Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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50
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Varvuolytė G, Řezníčková E, Bieliauskas A, Kleizienė N, Vojáčková V, Opichalová A, Žukauskaitė A, Kryštof V, Šačkus A. Synthesis and photodynamic activity of new 5-[(E)-2-(3-alkoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-3H-indoles. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38969965 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of new indole-pyrazole hybrids 8a-m were synthesized through the palladium-catalyzed ligandless Heck coupling reaction from easily accessible unsubstituted, methoxy- or fluoro-substituted 4-ethenyl-1H-pyrazoles and 5-bromo-3H-indoles. These compounds exerted cytotoxicity to melanoma G361 cells when irradiated with blue light (414 nm) and no cytotoxicity in the dark at concentrations up to 10 µM, prompting us to explore their photodynamic effects. The photodynamic properties of the example compound 8d were further investigated in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Evaluation revealed comparable anticancer activities of 8d in both breast and melanoma cancer cell lines within the submicromolar range. The treatment induced a massive generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to different types of cell death depending on the compound concentration and the irradiation intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Varvuolytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Kleizienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Opichalová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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