1
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Calik F, Degirmenci A, Maouati H, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Redox-Responsive "Catch and Release" Cryogels: A Versatile Platform for Capture and Release of Proteins and Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3017-3028. [PMID: 38655791 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Macroporous cryogels are attractive scaffolds for biomedical applications, such as biomolecular immobilization, diagnostic sensing, and tissue engineering. In this study, thiol-reactive redox-responsive cryogels with a porous structure are prepared using photopolymerization of a pyridyl disulfide poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PDS-PEG-MA) monomer. Reactive cryogels are produced using PDS-PEG-MA and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) monomers, along with a PEG-based cross-linker and photoinitiator. Functionalization of cryogels using a fluorescent dye via the disulfide-thiol exchange reactions is demonstrated, followed by release under reducing conditions. For ligand-mediated protein immobilization, first, thiol-containing biotin or mannose is conjugated onto the cryogels. Subsequently, fluorescent dye-labeled proteins streptavidin and concanavalin A (ConA) are immobilized via ligand-mediated conjugation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mannose-decorated cryogel could capture ConA selectively from a mixture of lectins. The efficiency of protein immobilization could be easily tuned by changing the ratio of the thiol-sensitive moiety in the scaffold. Finally, an integrin-binding cell adhesive peptide is attached to cryogels to achieve successful attachment, and the on-demand detachment of integrin-receptor-rich fibroblast cells is demonstrated. Redox-responsive cryogels can serve as potential scaffolds for a variety of biomedical applications because of their facile synthesis and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Calik
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Hamida Maouati
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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2
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Wen J, Deng H, He D, Yuan Y. Dual-functional DNAzyme powered CRISPR-Cas12a sensor for ultrasensitive and high-throughput detection of Pb 2+ in freshwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168708. [PMID: 37992834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater lead pollution has posed severe threat to the environment and human health, underscoring the urgent necessity for accurate and user-friendly detection methods. Herein, we introduce a novel Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR-Cas) sensor for highly sensitive Pb2+ detection. To accomplish this, we designed a dual-functional deoxyribozyme (df-DNAzyme) probe that functions as an activator for the CRISPR-Cas12a system while also recognizing Pb2+. The df-DNAzyme probe was subsequently combined with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to fabricate a DNAzyme/AuNP nanoprobe, facilitating the activation of CRISPR-Cas12a in a one-to-multiple manner. Upon exposure to Pb2+, the df-DNAzyme is cleaved, causing disintegration of the DNAzyme/AuNP nanoprobe from magnetic beads. The degraded DNAzyme/AuNP containing multiple double-stranded DNA activators efficiently triggers CRISPR-Cas12a activity, initiating cleavage of fluorescence-quenched reporter DNA and generating amplified signals accordingly. The amplified fluorescence signal is accurately quantified using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) instrument capable of measuring 96 or 384 samples simultaneously at the microliter scale. This technique demonstrates ultra-sensitive detection capability for Pb2+ at concentrations as low as 1 pg/L within a range from 1 pg/L to 10 μg/L, surpassing limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines. This study offers an ultrasensitive and high-throughput method for the detection of Pb2+ in freshwater, thereby advancing a novel approach towards the development of precise and convenient techniques for detecting harmful contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongjie Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daigui He
- Guangdong Mechanical & Electrical Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Zhang M, Luo M, Chen G, Guo H, Zhao J. Study on the properties of a dual-system-based protein scaffold for orthogonal self-assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:127946. [PMID: 37977451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein scaffolds possessing the ability to efficiently organize enzymes to improve the catalytic performance, enzyme stability and provide an optimal micro-environment for biocatalysis. Here, SpyCatcher fused to the C-terminus of Treptavidin (a variant of streptavidin) to construct a chimeric tetramers protein scaffold (Tr-SC) with dual orthogonal conjugation moieties. The results showed that the expressed Tr-SC scaffold was an active tetramer with good stability under 80 °C and pH 6.5-8.5, which could bind 4 SpyTag-mCherry and 4 Biotin-EGFP. Tr-SC scaffold can bind 1-4 ligands alone under different conditions. The order in which protein scaffolds bind to proteins has little effect on the final complex structure. It is more difficult for SpyTag-mCherry than Biotin-EGFP to bind to Tr-SC, so incomplete conjugates of a hexameric complex composed of 2 SpyTag-mCherry and 4 Biotin-EGFP form when the molar ratio of scaffold and two ligands is 1:4:4. Therefore, it was suggest that the Tr-SC can first bind to excess SpyTag-protein and mixed with Biotin-protein to promote the formation of higher multimers. The results can be important reference for more extensive use of Tr-SC to construct heterologous protein polymers and assembly of heterologous enzyme molecular machine in vitro to carry on efficient cascade reaction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Jimei Ave. 668, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mianxing Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Jimei Ave. 668, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Jimei Ave. 668, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Jimei Ave. 668, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Jimei Ave. 668, Xiamen 361021, China
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4
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Obeng EM, Steer DL, Fulcher A, Wagstaff KM. Steric-Deficient Oligoglycine Surrogates Facilitate Multivalent and Bifunctional Nanobody Synthesis via Combined Sortase A Transpeptidation and Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1667-1678. [PMID: 37534819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Conferring multifunctional properties to proteins via enzymatic approaches has greatly facilitated recent progress in protein nanotechnology. In this regard, sortase (Srt) A transpeptidation has facilitated many of these developments due to its exceptional specificity, mild reaction conditions, and complementation with other bioorthogonal techniques, such as click chemistry. In most of these developments, Srt A is used to seamlessly tether oligoglycine-containing molecules to a protein of interest that is equipped with the enzyme's recognition sequence, LPXTG. However, the dependence on oligoglycine attacking nucleophiles and the associated cost of certain derivatives (e.g., cyclooctyne) limit the utility of this approach to lab-scale applications only. Thus, the quest to identify appropriate alternatives and understand their effectiveness remains an important area of research. This study identifies that steric and nucleophilicity-associated effects influence Srt A transpeptidation when two oligoglycine surrogates were examined. The approach was further used in complementation with click chemistry to synthesize bivalent and bifunctional nanobody conjugates for application in epithelial growth factor receptor targeting. The overall technique and tools developed here may facilitate the advancement of future nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Obeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Steer
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Plug-and-Play Biointerfaces: Harnessing Host-Guest Interactions for Fabrication of Functional Polymeric Coatings. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3568-3579. [PMID: 37406159 PMCID: PMC10428160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric surface coatings capable of effectively integrating desired functional molecules and ligands are attractive for fabricating bio-interfaces necessary for various applications. Herein, we report the design of a polymeric platform amenable to such modifications in a modular fashion through host-guest chemistry. Copolymers containing adamantane (Ada) moieties, diethylene glycol (DEG) units, and silyloxy groups to provide functionalization handles, anti-biofouling character, and surface attachment, respectively, were synthesized. These copolymers were employed to modify silicon/glass surfaces to enable their functionalization using beta-cyclodextrin (βCD) containing functional molecules and bioactive ligands. Moreover, surface functionalization could be spatially controlled using a well-established technique like microcontact printing. Efficient and robust functionalization of polymer-coated surfaces was demonstrated by immobilizing a βCD-conjugated fluorescent rhodamine dye through the specific noncovalent binding between Ada and βCD units. Furthermore, biotin, mannose, and cell adhesive peptide-modified βCD were immobilized onto the Ada-containing polymer-coated surfaces to direct noncovalent conjugation of streptavidin, concanavalin A (ConA), and fibroblast cells, respectively. It was demonstrated that the mannose-functionalized coating could selectively bind to the target lectin ConA, and the interface could be regenerated and reused several times. Moreover, the polymeric coating was adaptable for cell attachment and proliferation upon noncovalent modification with cell-adhesive peptides. One can envision that the facile synthesis of the Ada-based copolymers, mild conditions for coating surfaces, and their effective transformation to various functional interfaces in a modular fashion offers an attractive approach to engineering functional interfaces for several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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6
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Taylor SK, Kostic N, Stojanovic MN. Oligonucleotide-Blocked Streptavidin for Biotinylation Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:92-96. [PMID: 36006852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Binding between streptavidin, or its homologues, to biotin is one of the most widely exploited biological interactions in the biomedical sciences. Controlling the extent of biotinylation is important for meeting the requirements of the intended design and to preserve the native function of the biotin recipient. Within the protein world, a"trial-and-error" optimization approach toward biotinylation reaction conditions is often necessary due to widely varying properties of proteins. Therefore, product analysis is important. We show here that a oligonucleotide-blocked streptavidin, effectively "monovalent streptavidin", can tag biotin moieties individually and the tagged products visualized via a polyacrylamide gel shift assay to reveal the product distribution, i.e., [protein-(biotin)n] products where n = 1, 2, 3, etc. This is in contrast, and complementary, to current commercially available analytical reagents for biotinylation characterization, which use an absorbance or fluorescence signal to yield the mean number of biotin moieties.
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7
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Degirmenci A, Yeter Bas G, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. “Clickable” Polymer Brush Interfaces: Tailoring Monovalent to Multivalent Ligand Display for Protein Immobilization and Sensing. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1672-1684. [PMID: 36128725 PMCID: PMC9501913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Facile and effective functionalization of the interface
of polymer-coated
surfaces allows one to dictate the interaction of the underlying material
with the chemical and biological analytes in its environment. Herein,
we outline a modular approach that would enable installing a variety
of “clickable” handles onto the surface of polymer brushes,
enabling facile conjugation of various ligands to obtain functional
interfaces. To this end, hydrophilic anti-biofouling poly(ethylene
glycol)-based polymer brushes are fabricated on glass-like silicon
oxide surfaces using reversible addition–fragmentation chain
transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The dithioester group at the chain-end
of the polymer brushes enabled the installation of azide, maleimide,
and terminal alkene functional groups, using a post-polymerization
radical exchange reaction with appropriately functionalized azo-containing
molecules. Thus, modified polymer brushes underwent facile conjugation
of alkyne or thiol-containing dyes and ligands using alkyne–azide
cycloaddition, Michael addition, and radical thiol–ene conjugation,
respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the radical exchange approach
also enables the installation of multivalent motifs using dendritic
azo-containing molecules. Terminal alkene groups containing dendrons
amenable to functionalization with thiol-containing molecules using
the radical thiol–ene reaction were installed at the interface
and subsequently functionalized with mannose ligands to enable sensing
of the Concanavalin A lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yeter Bas
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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8
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Luther DC, Lee YW, Nagaraj H, Clark V, Jeon T, Goswami R, Gopalakrishnan S, Fedeli S, Jerome W, Elia JL, Rotello VM. Cytosolic Protein Delivery Using Modular Biotin-Streptavidin Assembly of Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7323-7330. [PMID: 35435664 PMCID: PMC10586328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for the delivery of proteins into cells face general challenges of endosomal entrapment and concomitant degradation of protein cargo. Efficient delivery directly to the cytosol overcomes this obstacle: we report here the use of biotin-streptavidin tethering to provide a modular approach to the generation of nanovectors capable of a cytosolic delivery of biotinylated proteins. This strategy uses streptavidin to organize biotinylated protein and biotinylated oligo(glutamate) peptide into modular complexes that are then electrostatically self-assembled with a cationic guanidinium-functionalized polymer. The resulting polymer-protein nanocomposites demonstrate efficient cytosolic delivery of six biotinylated protein cargos of varying size, charge, and quaternary structure. Retention of protein function was established through efficient cell killing via delivery of the chemotherapeutic enzyme granzyme A. This platform represents a versatile and modular approach to intracellular delivery through the noncovalent tethering of multiple components into a single delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - William Jerome
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - James L. Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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9
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Dzuvor CKO, Tettey EL, Danquah MK. Aptamers as promising nanotheranostic tools in the COVID-19 pandemic era. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1785. [PMID: 35238490 PMCID: PMC9111085 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-COV-2, the causative agent of new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic threat. Early and precise detection of the virus is vital for effective diagnosis and treatment. Various testing kits and assays, including nucleic acid detection methods, antigen tests, serological tests, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have been implemented or are being explored to detect the virus and/or characterize cellular and antibody responses to the infection. However, these approaches have inherent drawbacks such as nonspecificity, high cost, are characterized by long turnaround times for test results, and can be labor-intensive. Also, the circulating SARS-COV-2 variant of concerns, reduced antibody sensitivity and/or neutralization, and possible antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) have warranted the search for alternative potent therapeutics. Aptamers, which are single-stranded oligonucleotides, generated artificially by SELEX (Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) may offer the capacity to generate high-affinity neutralizers and/or bioprobes for monitoring relevant SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 biomarkers. This article reviews and discusses the prospects of implementing aptamers for rapid point-of-care detection and treatment of SARS-COV-2. We highlight other SARS-COV-2 targets (N protein, spike protein stem-helix), SELEX augmented with competition assays and in silico technologies for rapid discovery and isolation of theranostic aptamers against COVID-19 and future pandemics. It further provides an overview on site-specific bioconjugation approaches, customizable molecular scaffolding strategies, and nanotechnology platforms to engineer these aptamers into ultrapotent blockers, multivalent therapeutics, and vaccines to boost both humoral and cellular immunity against the virus. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. O. Dzuvor
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Michael K. Danquah
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
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10
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Mohandas N, Kent LM, Raudsepp A, Jameson GB, Williams MAK. Progress toward Plug-and-Play Polymer Strings for Optical Tweezers Experiments: Concatenation of DNA Using Streptavidin Linkers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6427-6435. [PMID: 35224404 PMCID: PMC8867789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein that is renowned for its strong binding to biotin. The robustness and strength of this noncovalent coupling has led to multitudinous applications of the pairing. Within the streptavidin tetramer, each protein monomer has the potential to specifically bind one biotin-bearing moiety. Herein, by separating various streptavidin species that have had differing numbers of their four potential binding sites blocked, several different types of "linking hub" were obtained, each with a different valency. The identification of these species and the study of the plugging process used to block sites during their preparation were carried out using capillary electrophoresis. Subsequently, a specific species, namely, a trans-divalent linker, in which the two open biotin-binding pockets are approximately opposite one another, was used to concatenate two ∼5 kb pieces of biotin-terminated double-stranded DNA. Following the incubation of this DNA with the prepared linker, a fraction of ∼10 kb strings was identified using gel electrophoresis. Finally, these concatenated DNA strings were stretched in an optical tweezer experiment, demonstrating the potential of the methodology for coupling and extending molecules for use in single-molecule biophysical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Mohandas
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M. Kent
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Allan Raudsepp
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B. Jameson
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Riddet
Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Martin A. K. Williams
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Riddet
Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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11
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Xu D, Heck AJ, Kuan SL, Weil T, Wegner SV. Precise tetrafunctional streptavidin bioconjugates towards multifaceted drug delivery systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:9858-9861. [PMID: 32717008 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of precise macromolecules with multiple functionalities remains a challenge in drug delivery. Here, a method to prepare stoichiometrically precise tetrafunctional streptavidin conjugates is presented with an exemplary structure combining exactly one fluorescent label, one cell targeting group, one nucleus penetrating peptide and one drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Johanna Heck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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12
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Lyu Z, Ding S, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Cheng N, Wang M, Xu M, Feng Z, Niu X, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Du D, Lin Y. Single-Atom Nanozymes Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sensitive Detection of A β 1-40: A Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:4724505. [PMID: 33145493 PMCID: PMC7592081 DOI: 10.34133/2020/4724505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) possess unique features of maximum atomic utilization and present highly assembled enzyme-like structure and remarkable enzyme-like activity. By introducing SANs into immunoassay, limitations of ELISA such as low stability of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be well addressed, thereby improving the performance of the immunoassays. In this work, we have developed novel Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes (Fe-Nx SANs) derived from Fe-doped polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube and substituted the enzymes in ELISA kit for enhancing the detection sensitivity of amyloid beta 1-40. Results indicate that the Fe-Nx SANs contain high density of single-atom active sites and comparable enzyme-like properties as HRP, owing to the maximized utilization of Fe atoms and their abundant active sites, which could mimic natural metalloproteases structures. Further designed SAN-linked immunosorbent assay (SAN-LISA) demonstrates the ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 0.88 pg/mL, much more sensitive than that of commercial ELISA (9.98 pg/mL). The results confirm that the Fe-Nx SANs can serve as a satisfactory replacement of enzyme labels, which show great potential as an ultrasensitive colorimetric immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Lyu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nan Cheng
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Xiangheng Niu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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