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Zhang M, Sun A, Li X, Sun S, Ding W, Fang D, Mi B, Gao Z. Unveiling the luminescence property of Li 2MgGeO 4:Mn 4+ featuring the tetrahedral crystallographic-site occupancy of Mn 4. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10168-10177. [PMID: 38819201 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the occupying tendency of Mn4+ at octahedral sites, doping Mn4+ activators in tetrahedral structures poses challenges and hence is seldom reported. In this work, tetrahedrally sited Mn4+ phosphors were studied. By combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) data with Rietveld refinement analysis, the location of Mn4+ was determined. It was found that by adding excessive raw MgO, the phosphor synthesis temperature can be improved, enhancing the crystallinity of the crystal and thus improving the emission performance of the phosphor. In addition, excessive raw MgO forms a second phase in an LMGO matrix, which does not change the doping site for Mn4+. The Tanabe-Sugano diagram of Mn4+ in the tetrahedral field and the energy-level diagram of these phosphors were constructed for the first time, and the excitation and emission mechanisms are discussed in detail. With 1.2-fold excess of raw MgO, the prepared sample (LMGO-Mn-1.2) shows the best luminescence, demonstrating red emissions peaked at 656 nm and affording an emission intensity enhancement of over 50 times compared to a stoichiometric LMGO:Mn4+ system. At 150 °C, LMGO-Mn-1.2 keeps 90% emission intensity compared to that at room temperature. Finally, a high-efficiency warm white light-emitting diode was built. This work provides new insights into the study of Mn4+-activated phosphors in a tetrahedron crystal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Anqi Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid-State Lighting, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoniu Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid-State Lighting, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Shijie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid-State Lighting, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid-State Lighting, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road, No. 9, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Xiao Y, Xiong P, Zhang S, Sun Y, Yan N, Wang Z, Chen Q, Shao P, Brik MG, Ye S, Chen D, Yang Z. Cation-defect-induced self-reduction towards efficient mechanoluminescence in Mn 2+-activated perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3476-3487. [PMID: 37233737 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials have shown promising prospects for various applications, e.g. in stress sensing, information anti-counterfeiting and bio stress imaging fields. However, the development of trap-controlled ML materials is still limited, because the trap formation mechanism is not always clear. Here, inspired by a defect-induced Mn4+ → Mn2+ self-reduction process in suitable host crystal structures, a cation vacancy model is creatively proposed to determine the potential trap-controlled ML mechanism. Combined with the theoretical prediction and experimental results, both the self-reduction process and ML mechanism are clarified in detail, where the contribution of and defects dominates the ML luminescent process. Electrons/holes are mainly captured by the anionic/cationic defects, followed by the combination of electrons and holes to transfer energy to the Mn2+ 3d states under mechanical stimuli. Based on the multi-mode luminescent features excited by X-ray, 980 nm laser and 254 nm UV lamp, together with the excellent persistent luminescence and ML, a potential application in advanced anti-counterfeiting is demonstrated. These results will deepen the understanding of the defect-controlled ML mechanism, and inspire more defect-engineering strategies to develop more high-performance ML phosphors for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Puxian Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yongsheng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Na Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Zhiduo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Qianyi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Peishan Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Mikhail G Brik
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering & CQUPT-BUL Innovation Institute, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University, Częstochowa, Poland
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Shi Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Dongdan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, China.
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Zhang Z, Zong M, Liu J, Ren J, Liu X, Zhang R, Cui J, Sun L, Song H, Zhang Y, Li B, Wu X. Biosafety evaluation of BaSi 2O 2N 2:Eu 2+/PDMS composite elastomers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226065. [PMID: 37485317 PMCID: PMC10360121 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mechanoluminescent (ML) materials have shown great potential in stress sensing, mechanical energy collection and conversion, so they have attracted wide attention in the field of stomatology. In the early stage of this study, BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ ML phosphors were synthesized by two-step high temperature solid state method, and then mixed with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in different proportions to obtain BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+/PDMS ML composites with different mass fractions (10%,20%,30%,40%,50%). Then its biosafety was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Calcein-AM/PI fluorescence staining, hemolysis, oral mucosal irritation, acute and subacute systemic toxicity tests. The experimental results show that the biosafety of BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+/PDMS ML composite elastomers with different mass fraction is in line with the existing standards, and other related properties can be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianing Ren
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingxiang Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Song
- Research Institute of Photonics, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Research Institute of Photonics, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Huang Z, Chen B, Ren B, Tu D, Wang Z, Wang C, Zheng Y, Li X, Wang D, Ren Z, Qu S, Chen Z, Xu C, Fu Y, Peng D. Smart Mechanoluminescent Phosphors: A Review of Strontium-Aluminate-Based Materials, Properties, and Their Advanced Application Technologies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204925. [PMID: 36372543 PMCID: PMC9875687 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescence, a smart luminescence phenomenon in which light energy is directly produced by a mechanical force, has recently received significant attention because of its important applications in fields such as visible strain sensing and structural health monitoring. Up to present, hundreds of inorganic and organic mechanoluminescent smart materials have been discovered and studied. Among them, strontium-aluminate-based materials are an important class of inorganic mechanoluminescent materials for fundamental research and practical applications attributed to their extremely low force/pressure threshold of mechanoluminescence, efficient photoluminescence, persistent afterglow, and a relatively low synthesis cost. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of strontium-aluminate-based luminescent materials' mechanoluminescence phenomena, mechanisms, material synthesis techniques, and related applications. Besides of summarizing the early and the latest research on this material system, an outlook is provided on its environmental, energy issue and future applications in smart wearable devices, advanced energy-saving lighting and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Biyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Dong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Yuantian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Physical EducationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- College of Physical EducationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Sicen Qu
- College of Physical EducationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Zhuyang Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Chen Xu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Dengfeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
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Bednarska-Adam N, Kuwik M, Pietrasik E, Pisarski WA, Goryczka T, Macalik B, Pisarska J. Synthesis and Characterization of Li 2MgGeO 4:Ho 3. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5263. [PMID: 35955197 PMCID: PMC9369834 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and characterization of Li2MgGeO4:Ho3+ ceramics were reported. The X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the studied ceramics belong to the monoclinic Li2MgGeO4. Luminescence properties were analyzed in the visible spectral range. Green and red emission bands correspondent to the 5F4,5S2→5I8 and 5F5→5I8 transitions of Ho3+ were observed, and their intensities were significantly dependent on activator concentration. Luminescence spectra were also measured under direct excitation of holmium ions or ceramic matrix. Holmium ions were inserted in crystal lattice Li2MgGeO4, giving broad blue emission and characteristic 4f-4f luminescent transitions of rare earths under the selective excitation of the ceramic matrix. The presence of the energy transfer process between the host lattice and Ho3+ ions was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Bednarska-Adam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.P.); (W.A.P.)
| | - Marta Kuwik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.P.); (W.A.P.)
| | - Ewa Pietrasik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.P.); (W.A.P.)
| | - Wojciech A. Pisarski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.P.); (W.A.P.)
| | - Tomasz Goryczka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A Street, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Macalik
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2 Street, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Pisarska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.P.); (W.A.P.)
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Zhang X, Yang D, Wu S, Xu X, Ma R, Peng D, Wang Z, Wang S. 5d → 4f transition of a lanthanide-activated MGa 2S 4 (M = Ca, Sr) semiconductor for mechanical-to-light energy conversion mediated by structural distortion. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10457-10465. [PMID: 35762811 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting mechanoluminescence (ML) are a class of smart materials capable of mechanical-to-light energy conversion. Thus, ML materials have been widely used in various electronic applications such as smart sensors, security systems, human-machine interfaces, and energy harvesting systems. Herein, we report a centrosymmetric ML semiconductor host material family MGa2S4 (M = Ca, Sr), which features in-layered structures constructed with unique distorted bi-tetrahedral [Ga2S2S4/2] lattice units. It exhibited similar structural characteristics to the well-known ML semiconductor host ZnS. Remarkably, the lanthanide ions of 5d → 4f transition-activated hosts showed sensitive and high ML luminance under natural lighting upon mechanical stimulation; thus, an efficient mechanical-to-light energy conversion of a self-powered display was achieved. Moreover, because of structural distortion and strain-gradient-induced electrical polarization in the ML host material upon mechanical stimulation, a ML mechanism based on the synergy effect between local electronic polarization and flexoelectricity was proposed. This study facilitates a deeper understanding of the relationship between the structure and underlying ML, and promotes further development of ML-material-based products and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Shaofan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xieming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ronghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Dengfeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Chen H, Lei Y, Li J, Chen K, Wu L, Zheng L, Sun T, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Xu J. Intense Luminescence and Good Thermal Stability in a Mn 2+-Activated Mg-Based Phosphor with Self-Reduction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5495-5501. [PMID: 35289176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
White light-emitting diodes provide widespread applications in lighting, electronic equipment, and high-tech displays. However, thermal quenching effect severely limits their practical application. Here, we developed an orange-red phosphor β-KMg(PO3)3:Mn2+, which emits bright orange-red light when excited by ultraviolet light without the energy transfer of sensitizer, owing to the strong crystal field provided by β-KMg(PO3)3 for Mn2+. The self-reduction of Mn4+ → Mn2+ and good thermal stability have been realized in an ambient atmosphere. The defect types were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cationic vacancy plays a significant role in the self-reduction of Mn4+ → Mn2+. Furthermore, the properties of the trap energy levels were studied by thermoluminescence. The recombination luminescence of the detrapped carriers released from the deep trap levels at high temperatures suppresses the luminescence loss of thermal quenching. Moreover, the trap energy levels play an important role in the mechanoluminescence of β-KMg(PO3)3:Mn2+. This work emphasizes the significance of the defects in the luminescent characteristics and opens up a new approach for the development of advanced optical functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Multi-Discipline Research Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongfa Kong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Zhang P, Zheng Z, Wu L, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Xu J. Self-Reduction-Related Defects, Long Afterglow, and Mechanoluminescence in Centrosymmetric Li 2ZnGeO 4:Mn 2. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18432-18441. [PMID: 34793153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescent materials have shown great application potential in the fields of stress detection, anti-counterfeiting, and optical storage; however, its development is hindered by the unclear mechanism. Different from the mainstream exploration of new mechanoluminescent materials in non-centrosymmetric structures, a centrosymmetric mechanoluminescent material Li2ZnGeO4:Mn2+ is synthesized by a standard high-temperature solid-state reaction in an ambient atmosphere. Combined with the Rietveld refinement, photoluminescence, electron spin resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is proved that the increase in oxygen vacancies is accompanied by the self-reduction process from Mn4+ to Mn2+, and the mechanism of mechanoluminescence is clarified through the afterglow and thermoluminescence spectra. The carriers trapped by the shallow traps participate in the mechanoluminescence process through the tunneling effect, while the carriers trapped by the deep traps take part in the mechanoluminescence process via conduction band or tunneling. A signature anti-counterfeiting application is designed using the new mechanoluminescent material Li2ZnGeO4:0.004Mn2+. Utilizing the afterglow characteristics of Li2ZnGeO4:xMn2+ phosphors, we designed an intelligent long-persistent luminescence quick response code (QR-code) and visualized information encoding/decoding model, which provides a fast, simple, and effective method for information encryption, transformation, and dynamic anti-counterfeiting. This study not only analyzes the self-reduction and mechanoluminescence processes in detail but also breaks the limitation of crystal symmetry and provides a new strategy for the exploration of novel mechanoluminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongzhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongfa Kong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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