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Sun Y, Liu J, Li Q, Zhang X, Cao Z, Bu L, Cao S, Liu X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Studies of Anticancer Activities In Vitro and In Vivo for Butyltin(IV)-Iridium(III) Imidazole-Phenanthroline Complexes with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14641-14655. [PMID: 39053139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Organotin(IV) and iridium(III) complexes have shown good application potential in the field of anticancer; however, the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect induced by high concentration or dose has limited the research on their targeting and anticancer mechanism. Then, a series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-activated butyltin(IV)-iridium(III) imidazole-phenanthroline complexes were prepared in this study. Complexes exhibited significant fluorescence improvement in the aggregated state because of the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR), accompanied by an absolute fluorescence quantum yield of up to 29.2% (IrSn9). Complexes demonstrated potential in vitro antiproliferative and antimigration activity against A549 cells, following a lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Nude mouse models further confirmed that complexes had favorable in vivo antitumor and antimigration activity in comparison to cisplatin. Therefore, butyltin(IV)-iridium(III) imidazole-phenanthroline complexes possess the potential as potential substitutes for platinum-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Experimental Teaching and Equipment Management Center, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Ziwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Luoyi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shuying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Wojtala D, Kozieł S, Witwicki M, Niorettini A, Guz-Regner K, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Caramori S, Komarnicka UK. Antibactericidal Ir(III) and Ru(II) Complexes with Phosphine-Alkaloid Conjugate and Their Interactions with Biomolecules: A Case of N-Methylphenethylamine. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301603. [PMID: 37584222 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The phosphine ligand (Ph2 PCH2 N(CH3 )(CH2 )2 Ph, PNMPEA) obtained by the reaction of the (hydroxymethyl)diphenylphosphine with naturally occurring alkaloid N-methylphenethylamine, was used to synthesize the half-sandwich iridium(III) (Ir(η5 -Cp*)Cl2 Ph2 PCH2 N(CH3 )(CH2 )2 Ph, IrPNMPEA) and ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6 -p-cymene)Cl2 Ph2 PCH2 N(CH3 )(CH2 )2 Ph, RuPNMPEA) complexes. They were characterized using a vast array of methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, ESI(+)MS spectrometry, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron spectroscopy in the UV-Vis range (absorption, fluorescence) and density functional theory (DFT). The initial antimicrobial activity in vitro toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains was examined, indicating that both complexes are selective towards Gram-positive bacteria, e. g., Staphylococcus aureus, where the IrPNMPEA has been more bactericidal compared to RuPNMPEA. Additionally, the interactions of these compounds with various biomolecules, such as DNA (ctDNA, plasmid DNA, 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG), and 9-methyladenine (9-MeA)), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (Asc) were described. The results showed that both Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes accelerate the oxidation process of NADH, GSH and Asc that appeared to occur by an electron transfer mechanism. Interestingly, only IrPNMPEA leads to the formation of various biomolecule adducts, which can explain its higher activity. Furthermore, RuPNMPEA and IrPNMPEA have been interacting with the DNA through weak noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Wojtala
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Niorettini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Guz-Regner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wang L, Liu X, Wu Y, He X, Guo X, Gao W, Tan L, Yuan XA, Liu J, Liu Z. In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Assay of Mitochondrially Targeted Fluorescent Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Pyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3395-3408. [PMID: 36763897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes show potential value in the anticancer field. However, complexes with favorable luminescence performance are rare, which limits further investigation of the anticancer mechanism. In this paper, 10 triphenylamine-modified fluorescent half-sandwich iridium(III) pyridine complexes {[(η5-Cpx)Ir(L)Cl2]} (Ir1-Ir10) were prepared and showed potential antiproliferative activity, effectively inhibiting the migration of A549 cells. Ir6, showing the best activity among these complexes, exhibited excellent fluorescence performance (absolute fluorescence quantum yield of 15.17%) in solution. Laser confocal detection showed that Ir6 followed an energy-dependent cellular uptake mechanism, specifically accumulating in mitochondria (Pearson co-localization coefficient of 0.95). A Western blot assay further confirmed the existence of a mitochondrial apoptotic channel. Additionally, Ir6 could arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, catalyze NADH oxidation, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and exhibit a mechanism of oxidation. An in vivo antitumor assay confirmed that Ir6 can effectively inhibit tumor growth and is safer than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xian He
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wenshan Gao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Liu J, Wu Y, Yang G, Liu Z, Liu X. Mitochondrial targeting half-sandwich iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) dppf complexes and in vitro anticancer assay. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 239:112069. [PMID: 36423395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the potential application of half-sandwich and ferrocenyl-containing organometallic complexes in the area of anticancer, four half-sandwich iridium(III) (IrIII) and ruthenium(II) (RuII) diphenylphosphino ferrocene (dppf) complexes were prepared in this study. Complexes showed favorable anti-proliferation activity towards A549 cell lines compared to cisplatin, meanwhile, which could effectively inhibit cell migration. These complexes followed an energy dependence uptake mechanism, effectively accumulated in mitochondria with a Pearson's Colocalization Coefficient (PCC) of 0.77, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, induced a surge of reactive oxygen species, disturbed cell cycle, and eventually led to apoptosis. Western blot assay further confirmed that these complexes induced apoptosis following a mitochondrial pathway. Above all, half-sandwich IrIII and RuII dppf complexes show the prospect of becoming a new multifunctional therapeutic platform for mitochondrial targeted imaging and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xicheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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