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Williams PJH, Ho HE, Unsworth WP, Rickard AR, Chechik V. Photochemical Initiation and Reactions of Thiyl Radicals Studied with S H2' Radical Traps. Chemistry 2024:e202401500. [PMID: 38954146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A radical trapping method based on an SH2' homolytic substitution reaction was applied to study the mechanism of a photochemical spirocyclisation of indole-ynones in the presence of thiols. Starting material, products and a range of trapped radical intermediates were simultaneously detected in reaction mixtures by mass spectrometry (MS). The trapped intermediates included both initiating and main chain propagating radicals. These data made it possible to propose a self-initiation mechanism consistent with the originally postulated photoexcitation of an intramolecular electron donor-acceptor complex of the substrate. The effect of thiol structure on the MS peak intensity of the reaction components was rationalised in terms of the relative stability of the radical intermediates. The results were compared to a simpler related reaction, a photochemical thiol-ene addition where reagents, products and trapped intermediate radicals were also detected by MS. Relative MS peak intensities were again explained by a combination of electronic and steric effects on the stability of intermediate radicals. Overall, SH2' radical trapping was demonstrated to be a powerful experimental technique for providing mechanistic evidence on photochemical and other organic radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hon Eong Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Rickard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Kosikowska-Adamus P, Golda A, Ryl J, Pilarczyk-Zurek M, Bereta G, Ossowski T, Lesner A, Koziel J, Prahl A, Niedziałkowski P. Electrochemical detection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gold electrode modified with DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH - Antimicrobial peptide conjugate. Talanta 2024; 273:125881. [PMID: 38492283 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This work describes fabrication of gold electrodes modified with peptide conjugate DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH that enables ultra-sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from the reference strain of Escherichia coli O26:B6. The initial step of the established procedure implies immobilization of the fully protected DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH peptide on the surface of the gold electrode previously modified by cysteamine. Then side chain- and Fmoc-deprotection was performed in situ on the electrode surface, followed by its incubation in 1 % of BSA solution to block non-specific bindings sites before LPS detection. The efficiency of the modification was confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Additionally, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impendance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to monitor the effectiveness of each step of the modification. The obtained results confirmed that the presence of the surface-attached covalently bound peptide DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH enables LPS detection by means of CV technique within the range from 5 × 10-13 to 5 × 10-4 g/mL in PBS solution. The established limit of detection (LOD) for EIS measurements was 4.93 × 10-21 g/mL with wide linear detection range from 5 × 10-21 to 5 × 10-14 g/mL in PBS solution. Furthermore, we confirmed the ability of the electrode to detect LPS in a complex biological samples, like mouse urine and human serum. The effectiveness of the electrodes in identifying LPS in both urine and serum matrices was confirmed for samples containing LPS at both 2.5 × 10-15 g/mL and 2.5 × 10-9 g/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Golda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bereta
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ossowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Prahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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3
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Lipińska W, Olejnik A, Janik M, Brodowski M, Sapiega K, Pierpaoli M, Siuzdak K, Bogdanowicz R, Ryl J. Texture or Linker? Competitive Patterning of Receptor Assembly toward Ultra-Sensitive Impedimetric Detection of Viral Species at Gold-Nanotextured Titanium Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:9584-9593. [PMID: 37552778 PMCID: PMC10189554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the electrodes with a periodic matrix of gold particles pattered by titanium dimples and modified by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) followed by CD147 receptor grafting for specific impedimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral spike proteins. The synergistic DFT and MM/MD modeling revealed that MPA adsorption geometries on the Au-Ti surface have preferential and stronger binding patterns through the carboxyl bond inducing an enhanced surface coverage with CD147. Control of bonding at the surface is essential for oriented receptor assembling and boosted sensitivity. The complex Au-Ti electrode texture along with optimized MPA concentration is a crucial parameter, enabling to reach the detection limit of ca. 3 ng mL-1. Scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging and quantum molecular modeling were performed to understand the electrochemical performance and specific assembly of MPA displaying a free stereo orientation and not disturbed by direct interactions with closely adjacent receptors. This significantly limits nonspecific interceptor reactions, strongly decreasing the detection of receptor-binding domain proteins by saturation of binding groups. This method has been demonstrated for detecting the SARS virus but can generally be applied to a variety of protein-antigen systems. Moreover, the raster of the pattern can be tuned using various anodizing processes at the titania surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Lipińska
- Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Fiszera 14, Gdańsk 80-231, Poland
| | - Adrian Olejnik
- Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Fiszera 14, Gdańsk 80-231, Poland
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty
of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
| | - Monika Janik
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty
of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics,
Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of
Technology, Koszykowa 75, Warsaw 00-662, Poland
| | - Mateusz Brodowski
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering
and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of
Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
| | - Karolina Sapiega
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering
and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of
Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty
of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Fiszera 14, Gdańsk 80-231, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty
of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering
and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of
Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233,
Poland
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Matsuo B, Majhi J, Granados A, Sharique M, Martin RT, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Transition metal-free photochemical C-F activation for the preparation of difluorinated-oxindole derivatives. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2379-2385. [PMID: 36873833 PMCID: PMC9977406 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of strategies for single and selective C-F bond activation represents an important avenue to overcome limitations in the synthesis of valuable fluorine-containing compounds. The synthetic and medicinal research communities would benefit from new routes that access such relevant molecules in a simple manner. Herein we disclose a straightforward and mechanistically distinct pathway to generate gem-difluoromethyl radicals and their installation onto N-arylmethacrylamides for the preparation of valuable difluorinated oxindole derivatives. To achieve operational simplicity, the use of a readily available benzenethiol as a photocatalyst under open-to-air conditions was developed, demonstrating the facile multigram preparation of the targeted fluorinated molecules. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and empirical investigations provide a new basis to support the proposed reaction pathway, indicating that arene thiolate is an efficient organophotocatalyst for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Robert T Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive College Park Maryland 20742 USA.,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 580 Ross St. College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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5
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Su Y, Wang X, Lin Q, Shen Q, Xu S, Fang L, Wen X. E-Selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes via a sulfur-radical mediation over cyclodextrin-modified nickel nanocatalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient cyclodextrin-modified Ni catalyst was developed for E-selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes that takes into account for the highly active Hδ− and Hδ+, in situ formed Ni nanoparticles, and the host–guest interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Su
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qianwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuangwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Liping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Le CMQ, Chemtob A. Thiol‐ene emulsion step polymerization in a photochemical stirred tank reactor: Molecular weight, cyclization, and fragmentation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
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Study on Fire Behavior, Thermal Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Thiol-Ene with Poly(aminopropyl/phenyl)silsesquioxane. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061142. [PMID: 35335473 PMCID: PMC8955198 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, the flame retardant poly(aminopropyl/phenyl)silsesquioxane (PA) was incorporated into thiol-ene (TE), to obtain a flame-retardant thiol-ene (FRTE) composite. The cone calorimeter (CONE) measurement results showed that, compared with neat TE, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of FRTE have decreased by almost 23.7% and 14.5%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results further confirmed that the flame retardant PA could induce the initial thermal degradation of TE, and increased the amounts of residual char. Moreover, the activation energies of FRTE were calculated through the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. Compared with the neat TE, the activation energies of FRTE were raised by the addition of PA. It indicated that the flame retardant PA promoted cross-linking reactions of TE, to form a compact char layer and retarded further the thermal degradation of the polymer matrix.
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8
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Wu F, Bao X, Wang J. Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation Behaviors of Thiol-Ene Composites Containing a Novel Phosphorus and Silicon-Containing Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040820. [PMID: 35215733 PMCID: PMC8962985 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, a novel phosphorus and silicon-containing flame retardant (DOPO-V-PA) was synthesized via condensation reaction and then added into thiol-ene (TE) to prepare a flame-retardant composite. The results of cone calorimeter measurement demonstrated that, compared with pure TE, 22.7% and 53.2% reduction of TE/DOPO-V-PA (thiol-ene/9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-vinyltrimethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane-(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane copolymer) was found for the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), respectively. The thermal degradation of TE composites was investigated by the TGA measurement under non-isothermal conditions, and kinetic parameters were both calculated by the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. It was indicated that the activation energies of TE at conversions exceeding 50% were enhanced by the incorporation of DOPO-V-PA for the whole conversion range.
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