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Fernandes RA, Moharana S, Khatun GN. Recent advances in the syntheses of guaianolides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6652-6670. [PMID: 37551715 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, especially guaianolides representing a bigger class of natural products, have served as appealing candidates for total synthesis due to their varied bio- and pharmaceutical activities. This tutorial review delineates the creative efforts of many researchers in the total syntheses of different complex guaianolides recently published in the literature. Many of the syntheses display meticulous interplay between new methods and the ingenuity of strategies achieved through well-planned routes. In some cases, the Chiron approach has come in quite handy, wherein the structural features and stereochemistry of select molecules could map well with naturally available starting materials. A few catalytic methods like diastereoselective aldol reaction, enediyne or dienyne metathesis, or photochemical methods have been efficiently used. This compilation also aims to enhance the diversity space based on these natural products and further interest in the sustainable total synthesis of this class of compounds and related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sanjita Moharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Gulenur Nesha Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang B, He H, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephalotaxus Diterpenoids: Cephinoid P, Cephafortoid A, 14- epi-Cephafortoid A and Fortalpinoids M-N, P. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16988-16994. [PMID: 37493585 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric total syntheses of cephalotaxus C19 diterpenoids, bearing a unique cycloheptene A ring with a chiral methyl group at C-12, were disclosed based on a universal strategy. Six members, including cephinoid P, cephafortoid A, 14-epi-cephafortoid A and fortalpinoids M-N, P, were accomplished for the first time. The concise approach relies on two crucial steps: (1) a Nicholas/Hosomi-Sakurai cascade reaction was developed to efficiently generate the cycloheptene ring bearing a chiral methyl group; (2) an intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction was followed to facilitate the construction of the complete skeleton of target molecules. Our studies provide a new strategy for the synthetic analysis of cephalotaxus diterpenoids and structurally related polycyclic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Baochao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haibing He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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Yang Y, Li HX, Zhu TY, Zhang ZY, Yu ZX. Rh-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Reaction of Cyclopropyl-Capped Dienes (but not Common Dienes) and Carbon Monoxide: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17087-17095. [PMID: 37523458 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed [4 + 1] reaction of dienes and carbon monoxide (CO) is the most straightforward and easily envisioned cyclization for the synthesis of five-membered carbocycles, which are ubiquitously found in natural products and functional molecules. Unfortunately, no test of this reaction was reported, and consequently, chemists do not know whether such kind of reaction works or not. Herein, we report that the [4 + 1] reaction of common dienes and CO cannot work, at least under the catalysis of [Rh(cod)Cl]2. However, using cyclopropyl-capped dienes (also named allylidenecyclopropanes) as substrates, the corresponding [4 + 1] reaction with CO proceeds smoothly in the presence of [Rh(cod)Cl]2. This [4 + 1] reaction, with a broad scope, provides efficient access to five-membered carbocyclic compounds of spiro[2.4]hept-6-en-4-ones. The [4 + 1] cycloadducts can be further transformed into other molecules by using the unique chemistry of cyclopropyl groups present in these molecules. The mechanism of this [4 + 1] reaction has been investigated by quantum chemical calculations, uncovering that cyclopropyl-capped dienes are strained dienes and the oxidative cyclization step in the [4 + 1] catalytic cycle can release this (angular) strain both kinetically and thermodynamically. The strain release in this step then propagates to all followed CO coordination/CO insertion/reductive elimination steps in the [4 + 1] catalytic cycle, helping the realization of this cycloaddition reaction. In contrast, common dienes (including cyclobutyl-capped dienes) do not have such advantages and their [4 + 1] reaction suffers from energy penalty in all steps involved in the [4 + 1] catalytic cycle. The reactivity of ene-allenes for the [4 + 1] reaction with CO is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han-Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-You Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Yu T, Yang J, Wang Z, Ding Z, Xu M, Wen J, Xu L, Li P. Selective [2σ + 2σ] Cycloaddition Enabled by Boronyl Radical Catalysis: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4304-4310. [PMID: 36763965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the traditional and widely-used cycloaddition reactions involving at least a π bond component, a [2σ + 2σ] radical cycloaddition between bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) and cyclopropyl ketones has been developed to provide a modular, concise, and atom-economical synthetic route to substituted bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (BCH) derivatives that are 3D bioisosteres of benzenes and core skeleton of a number of terpene natural products. The reaction was catalyzed by a combination of simple tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compound B2pin2 and 3-pentyl isonicotinate. The broad substrate scope has been demonstrated by synthesizing a series of new highly functionalized BCHs with up to six substituents on the core with up to 99% isolated yield. Computational mechanistic investigations supported a pyridine-assisted boronyl radical catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jingru Wen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Ma T, Cheng H, Pitchakuntla M, Ma W, Jia Y. Total Synthesis of (−)-Principinol C. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20196-20200. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mallesham Pitchakuntla
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weihao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Kalb AE, Liu M, Bosso MI, Uyeda C. A dinickel-catalyzed three-component cycloaddition of vinylidenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11190-11196. [PMID: 36320482 PMCID: PMC9516891 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A dinickel catalyst promotes the [2 + 2 + 1]-cycloaddition of two aldehyde equivalents and a vinylidene. The resulting methylenedioxolane products can be deprotected in one pot under acidic conditions to reveal α-hydroxy ketones. This method provides convenient access to unsymmetrical alkyl-substituted α-hydroxy ketones, which are challenging to synthesize selectively using cross-benzoin reactions. Mechanistic studies are consistent with an initial migratory insertion of the aldehyde into a dinickel bridging vinylidene. Insertion of the second aldehyde followed by C-O reductive elimination furnishes the cycloadduct. Under dilute conditions, an enone side product is generated due to a competing β-hydride elimination from the proposed metallacyclic intermediate. A DFT model consistent with the concentration-dependent formation of the methylenedioxolane and enone is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah E Kalb
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Megan I Bosso
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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