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Xu BX, Hu TY, Du JB, Xie T, Xu YW, Jin X, Xu ST, Jin HW, Wang G, Wang J, Zhen L. In pursuit of feedback activation: New insights into redox-responsive hydropersulfide prodrug combating oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103130. [PMID: 38522110 PMCID: PMC10973683 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox-responsive hydropersulfide prodrugs are designed to enable a more controllable and efficient hydropersulfide (RSSH) supply and to thoroughly explore their biological and therapeutic applications in oxidative damage. To obtain novel activation patterns triggered by redox signaling, we focused on NAD(P)H: quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a canonical antioxidant enzyme, and designed NQO1-activated RSSH prodrugs. We also performed a head-to-head comparison of two mainstream structural scaffolds with solid quantitative analysis of prodrugs, RSSH, and metabolic by-products by LC-MS/MS, confirming that the perthiocarbamate scaffold was more effective in intracellular prodrug uptake and RSSH production. The prodrug was highly potent in oxidative stress management against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Strikingly, this prodrug possessed potential feedback activation properties by which the delivered RSSH can further escalate the prodrug activation via NQO1 upregulation. Our strategy pushed RSSH prodrugs one step further in the pursuit of efficient release in biological matrices and improved druggability against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian-Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Biao Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Si-Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Wen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Le Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Yu Y, Chen J, Huang M, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Wang J, Li J, Cao H. Transition-Metal-Free Disulfuration of Amides with Trisulfide Dioxides via Formation of Unaccessible S-S-N Bonds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3590-3596. [PMID: 38364441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Under transition-metal-free conditions, trisulfide dioxides were used as disulfurating reagents to react with a wide range of amides, affording various substituted N-disulfanyl amides in good yields. Furthermore, the gram-scale experiment has confirmed the practicability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan, 528437, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhou Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan, 528437, P. R. China
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3
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Chen T, Chen X, Liu L, Zhang Q, Ding Y. Synthesis of melampomagnolide B derivatives as potential anti-Triple Negative Breast Cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116024. [PMID: 38104376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant and aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Currently, the treatment options to TNBC are limited and the discovery of new drugs and novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of TNBC is urgently needed. In this study, a series of melampomagnolide B (MMB) derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-TNBC activities. Compound 7 and 13a showed highly potent activity against different TNBC cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.37 μM to 1.52 μM, which demonstrated 3.6- to 54-fold improvement comparing to the parent compound MMB. The phenotypic effect revealed that compound 7 and 13a could inhibit metastasis, induce apoptosis and arrest cell cycle distribution of TNBC cells. Furthermore, the mechanism research indicated compounds 7 and 13a bound IKKβ and inhibited the IKKβ-mediated phosphorylation of IκB and p65, then inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and eventually regulated the genes related to metastasis, apoptosis and cell cycle under NF-κB control. Moreover, compound 7 inhibited the tumor growth in vivo, and the weights of spleens and livers were also reduced compared with control group which indicated that compound 7 could inhibit metastasis of TNBC in vivo. These findings indicate that compound 7 may be used as a promising lead compound for ultimate discovery of anti-TNBC drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yahui Ding
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Luo X, Zhang C, Yue C, Jiang Y, Yang F, Xian Y. A near-infrared light-activated nanoprobe for simultaneous detection of hydrogen polysulfide and sulfur dioxide in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14290-14301. [PMID: 38098706 PMCID: PMC10718178 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte mortality constitutes a prominent contributor to global morbidity and mortality. However, early diagnosis and preventive treatment of cardiac I/R injury remains a challenge. Given the close relationship between ferroptosis and I/R injury, monitoring their pathological processes holds promise for advancing early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Herein, we report a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe (UCNP@mSiO2@SP-NP-NAP) for controllable detection of hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) during ferroptosis-related myocardial I/R injury. The nanoprobe's responsive sites could be activated by NIR and Vis light modulation, reversibly alternating for at least 5 cycles. We employed the nanoprobe to monitor the fluctuation levels of H2Sn and SO2 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and mice, revealing that H2Sn and SO2 levels were up-regulated during I/R. The NIR light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe could be a powerful tool for myocardial I/R injury diagnosis. Moreover, we also found that inhibiting the initiation of the ferroptosis process contributed to attenuating cardiac I/R injury, which indicated great potential for treating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chenyang Yue
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yuelin Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Fei Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yuezhong Xian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
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5
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Wu Z, Barayeu U, Schilling D, Dick TP, Pratt DA. Emergence of (hydro)persulfides as suppressors of lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102353. [PMID: 37356334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the prevalence of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and characterization of their enhanced two-electron reactivity relative to thiols have led to their implication in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, in addition to other potential roles. Recent attention on the one-electron reactivity of RSSH has uncovered their potent radical-trapping antioxidant activity, which enables them to inhibit phospholipid peroxidation and associated cell death by ferroptosis. Herein, we briefly review key aspects of the reactivity and underlying physicochemical properties of RSSH. We emphasize their reactivity to radicals-particularly lipid peroxyl radicals that propagate the lipid peroxidation chain reaction-and the recent recognition that this results in ferroptosis suppression. We highlight open questions related to recent developments in this area and, given that all living organisms possess the ability to synthesize persulfides endogenously, suggest they may be primordial radical scavengers that occurred early in evolution and still play a role today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danny Schilling
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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6
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Fukuto JM. The chemistry of hydropersulfides (RSSH) as related to possible physiological functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109659. [PMID: 37263465 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are oxidized thiol (RSH) derivatives that have been shown to be biologically prevalent with likely important functions (along with other polysulfur compounds). The functional utility of RSSH can be gleaned from their unique chemical properties. That is, RSSH possess chemical reactivity not present in other biologically relevant sulfur species that should allow them to be used in specific ways in biology as effector/signaling molecules. For example, compared to RSH, RSSH are considered to be superior nucleophiles, reductants and metal ligands. Moreover, unlike RSH, RSSH can be either reductants/nucleophiles or oxidants/electrophiles depending on the protonated state. It has also become clear that studies related to the chemical biology and physiology of hydrogen suflide (H2S) must also consider the effects of RSSH (and related polysulfur species) as they are biochemically linked. Herein is a discussion of the relevant chemistry of RSSH that can serve as a basis for understanding how RSSH can be used by cells to, for example, combat stresses and used in signaling. Also, discussed are some current experimental studies regarding the biological activity of RSSH that can be explained by their chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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7
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Pharoah BM, Zhang C, Khodade VS, Keceli G, McGinity C, Paolocci N, Toscano JP. Hydropersulfides (RSSH) attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity while boosting its anticancer action. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102625. [PMID: 36773545 PMCID: PMC9929489 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a frequent and often lethal complication of doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Here, we report that hydropersulfides (RSSH) are the most effective reactive sulfur species in conferring protection against DOX-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiac cells. Mechanistically, RSSH supplementation alleviates the DOX-evoked surge in reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathways, thus boosting endogenous antioxidant defenses. Simultaneously, RSSH turns on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial function, while decreasing caspase-3 activity to inhibit apoptosis. Of note, we find that RSSH potentiate anticancer DOX effects in three different cancer cell lines, with evidence that suggests this occurs via induction of reductive stress. Indeed, cancer cells already exhibit much higher basal hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfane sulfur, and reducing equivalents compared to cardiac cells. Thus, RSSH may represent a new promising avenue to fend off DOX-induced cardiotoxicity while boosting its anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaze M Pharoah
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Chengximeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Christopher McGinity
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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8
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Lao T, Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Cao G, Su Z, Yu Y, Cao H. Visible-light-induced synthesis of N-disulfanyl indoles, pyrroles or carbazoles via the construction of stable S-S-N bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:458-461. [PMID: 36519391 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient visible-light-induced approach for the formation of stable S-S-N bonds has been developed. Through these photocatalytic reactions, a series of N-disulfanyl indoles, pyrroles and carbazoles were afforded with good to excellent yields. Moreover, the gram-scale experiment has confirmed the practicability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Lao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xianhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Ziwu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Gao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. .,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. .,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
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9
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Akiyama M, Unoki T, Aoki H, Nishimura A, Shinkai Y, Warabi E, Nishiyama K, Furumoto Y, Anzai N, Akaike T, Nishida M, Kumagai Y. Cystine-dependent antiporters buffer against excess intracellular reactive sulfur species-induced stress. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102514. [PMID: 36279630 PMCID: PMC9594640 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) play a role in redox homeostasis; however, adaptive cell responses to excessive intracellular RSS are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) to produce excessive RSS. Contrary to expectations, tissue concentrations of RSS, such as cysteine persulfide (CysSSH), were comparable in both wild-type and CSE Tg mice, but the plasma concentrations of CysSSH were significantly higher in CSE Tg mice than in wild-type mice. This export of surplus intracellular RSS was also observed in primary hepatocytes of CSE Tg mice. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to the RSS generator sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4) resulted in an initial increase in the intracellular concentration of RSS, which later returned to basal levels after export into the extracellular space. Interestingly, among all amino acids, cystine (CysSSCys) was found to be essential for CysSSH export from primary mouse hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and HEK293 cells during Na2S4 exposure, suggesting that the cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11) contributes, at least partially, to CysSSH export. We established HepG2 cell lines with knockout and overexpression of SLC7A11 and used them to confirm SLC7A11 as the predominant antiporter of CysSSCys and CysSSH. We observed that the poor efflux of excess CysSSH from the cell enhanced cellular stresses induced by Na2S4 exposure, such as polysulfidation of intracellular proteins, mitochondrial damage, and cytotoxicity. These results suggest the presence of a cellular response to excess intracellular RSS that involves the extracellular efflux of excess CysSSH by a cystine-dependent transporter to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Akiyama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Hanako Aoki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuka Furumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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10
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Switzer CH, Fukuto JM. The antioxidant and oxidant properties of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and polysulfide species. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102486. [PMID: 36201912 PMCID: PMC9535303 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydropersulfides (RSSH) and other polysulfide species are all intimately linked biochemically. Indeed, at least some of the biological activity attributed to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may actually be due to its conversion to RSSH and derived polysulfur species (and vice-versa). The unique chemistry associated with the hydropersulfide functional group (-SSH) predicts that it possesses possible protective properties that can help a cell contend with oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. However, since RSSH and polysulfides possess chemical properties akin to disulfides (RSSR), they can also be sources of oxidative/electrophilic stress/signaling as well. Herein are discussed the unique chemistry, possible biochemistry and the physiological implications of RSSH (and polysulfides), especially as it pertains to their putative cellular protection properties against a variety of stresses and/or as possible stressors/signaling agents themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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11
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Aggarwal SC, Khodade VS, Porche S, Pharoah BM, Toscano JP. Photochemical Release of Hydropersulfides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12644-12652. [PMID: 36084133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydropersulfides (RSSH) have received significant interest in the field of redox biology because of their intriguing biochemical properties. However, because RSSH are inherently unstable, their study is challenging, and as a result, the details of their physiological roles remain ill-defined. Herein, we report strategies to release RSSH utilizing photoremovable protecting groups. RSSH protection with the well-established p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photoprotecting group resulted in inefficient RSSH photorelease along with complex chemistry. Therefore, an alternative precursor was examined in which a self-immolative linker was inserted between the pHP group and RSSH, providing nearly quantitative RSSH release following photolysis at 365 nm. Inspired by these results, we also synthesized an analogous precursor derivatized with 7-diethylaminocoumarin (DEACM), a visible light-cleavable photoprotecting group. Photolysis of this precursor at 420 nm led to efficient RSSH release, and in vitro experiments demonstrated intracellular RSSH delivery in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil C Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sarah Porche
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Blaze M Pharoah
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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12
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Kaneko T, Mita Y, Nozawa-Kumada K, Yazaki M, Arisawa M, Niki E, Noguchi N, Saito Y. Antioxidant action of persulfides and polysulfides against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:677-690. [PMID: 36630595 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2165918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, hydropersulfides, and hydropolysulfides have been revealed to play important physiological roles such as cell signaling and protection against oxidative stress, but the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of action remain elusive. It is generally accepted that these species act by two-electron redox mechanisms, while the involvement of one-electron redox chemistry has received less attention. In this study, the radical-scavenging activity of hydrogen persulfide, hydrogen polysulfides (HSnH n = 2-4), and diallyl- or dialkyl-sulfides (RSnR, n = 1-4) was measured. Furthermore, their antioxidant effects against free radical-mediated human plasma lipid peroxidation were assessed by measuring lipid hydroperoxides. It was found that disodium disulfide, trisulfide, and tetrasulfide acted as potent peroxyl radical scavengers, the rate constant for scavenging peroxyl radical being 3.5 × 105, 4.0 × 105, and 6.0 × 105 M-1 s-1 in PBS pH 7.4 at 37 °C respectively and that they inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation efficiently, the efficacy is increased with the catenation number. Disodium tetrasulfide was 1.5 times as reactive as Trolox toward peroxyl radical and inhibited plasma lipid peroxidation more efficiently than ascorbate and Trolox. On the other hand, diallyl- and dialkyl-sulfides did not exert significant radical-scavenging activity, nor did they inhibit lipid peroxidation efficiently, except for diallyl tetrasulfide, which suppressed plasma lipid peroxidation, despite less significantly than disodium tetrasulfide. Collectively, this study shows that hydrogen persulfide and hydrogen polysulfides act as potent radical-scavenging antioxidants and that, in addition to two-electron redox mechanisms, one electron redox reaction may also play important role in the in vivo defense against deleterious oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kaneko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mita
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masana Yazaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mieko Arisawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Wu Z, Khodade VS, Chauvin JPR, Rodriguez D, Toscano JP, Pratt DA. Hydropersulfides Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation and Protect Cells from Ferroptosis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15825-15837. [PMID: 35977425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are believed to serve important roles in vivo, including as scavengers of damaging oxidants and electrophiles. The α-effect makes RSSH not only much better nucleophiles than thiols (RSH), but also much more potent H-atom transfer agents. Since HAT is the mechanism of action of the most potent small-molecule inhibitors of phospholipid peroxidation and associated ferroptotic cell death, we have investigated their reactivity in this context. Using the fluorescence-enabled inhibited autoxidation (FENIX) approach, we have found RSSH to be highly reactive toward phospholipid-derived peroxyl radicals (kinh = 2 × 105 M-1 s-1), equaling the most potent ferroptosis inhibitors identified to date. Related (poly)sulfide products resulting from the rapid self-reaction of RSSH under physiological conditions (e.g., disulfide, trisulfide, H2S) are essentially unreactive, but combinations from which RSSH can be produced in situ (i.e., polysulfides with H2S or thiols with H2S2) are effective. In situ generation of RSSH from designed precursors which release RSSH via intramolecular substitution or hydrolysis improve the radical-trapping efficiency of RSSH by minimizing deleterious self-reactions. A brief survey of structure-reactivity relationships enabled the design of new precursors that are more efficient. The reactivity of RSSH and their precursors translates from (phospho)lipid bilayers to cell culture (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), where they were found to inhibit ferroptosis induced by inactivation of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) or deletion of the gene encoding it. These results suggest that RSSH and the pathways responsible for their biosynthesis may act as a ferroptosis suppression system alongside the recently discovered FSP1/ubiquinone and GCH1/BH4/DHFR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe R Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deborah Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland21218, United States
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
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14
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Hydropersulfides (RSSH) Outperform Post-Conditioning and Other Reactive Sulfur Species in Limiting Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Mouse Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051010. [PMID: 35624878 PMCID: PMC9137952 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits protective effects in cardiovascular disease such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. Despite these findings, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that H2S can modulate protein activity through redox-based post-translational modifications of protein cysteine residues forming hydropersulfides (RSSH). Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species, including RSSH and polysulfides, exhibit cardioprotective action. However, it is not clear yet whether there are any pharmacological differences in the use of H2S vs. RSSH and/or polysulfides. This study aims to examine the differing cardioprotective effects of distinct reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as H2S, RSSH, and dialkyl trisulfides (RSSSR) compared with canonical ischemic post-conditioning in the context of a Langendorff ex-vivo myocardial I/R injury model. For the first time, a side-by-side study has revealed that exogenous RSSH donation is a superior approach to maintain post-ischemic function and limit infarct size when compared with other RSS and mechanical post-conditioning. Our results also suggest that RSSH preserves mitochondrial respiration in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation via inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation while preserving cell viability.
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15
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Fosnacht KG, Cerda MM, Mullen EJ, Pigg HC, Pluth MD. Esterase-Activated Perthiocarbonate Persulfide Donors Provide Insights into Persulfide Persistence and Stability. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:331-339. [PMID: 35025212 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persulfides (RSSH) are important reactive sulfur species (RSS) that are intertwined with the biological functions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The direct study of persulfides is difficult, however, due to their both nucleophilic and electrophilic character, which leads to the generation of an equilibrium of different RSS. To investigate the effects of persulfides directly, especially in biological systems, persulfide donors are needed to generate persulfides in situ. Here, we report the synthesis of esterase-activated perthiocarbonate persulfide donors and investigate the effects of structural modifications on persulfide release. Although steric bulk of the ester did not significantly alter persulfide release kinetics, increased steric bulk of the thiol increased the persulfide release rate. In addition, we found that the steric bulk and identity of the thiol significantly impact persulfide persistence. Further mechanistic investigations into different competing reaction pathways from perthiocarbonates revealed that multiple RSS can be delivered (i.e., H2S, COS, or RSSH) depending on the persulfide donor structure and activator identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin G. Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Matthew M. Cerda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Emma J. Mullen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Hannah C. Pigg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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16
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Khodade VS, Aggarwal SC, Eremiev A, Bao E, Porche S, Toscano JP. Development of Hydropersulfide Donors to Study Their Chemical Biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:309-326. [PMID: 34278824 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are ubiquitous in prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells, and mammalian tissues. The unique chemical properties and prevalent nature of these species suggest a crucial role of RSSH in cell regulatory processes, yet little is known about their physiological functions. Recent Advances: Examining the biological roles of RSSH species is challenging because of their inherent instability. In recent years, researchers have developed a number of small-molecule donors that efficiently release RSSH in response to various stimuli, including pH, thiols, reactive oxygen species, enzymes, and light. These RSSH donors have provided researchers with chemical tools to uncover the potential function and role of RSSH as physiological signaling and/or protecting agents. Critical Issues: Because RSSH, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and higher order polysulfides are related to each other and can be present simultaneously in biological systems, distinguishing among the activities due to each of these species is difficult. Discerning this activity is critical to elucidate the chemical biology and physiology of RSSH. Moreover, although RSSH donors have been shown to confer cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress, their biological targets remain to be elucidated. Future Directions: The development of RSSH donors with optimal drug-like properties and selectivity toward specific tissues/pathologies represents a promising approach. Further investigation of releasing efficiencies in vivo and a clear understanding of RSSH biological responses remain targets for future investigation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 309-326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sahil C Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Eremiev
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Porche
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Ye H, Cheng L, Tu X, Wang DW, Yi L. Rational design of a dual-reactive probe for imaging the biogenesis of both H2S and GSH from L-Cys rather than D-Cys in live cells. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:848-852. [PMID: 35866170 PMCID: PMC9257618 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00105e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biothiols and their interconversion are involved in cellular redox homestasis as well as many physiological processes. Here, a dual-reactive dual-quenching fluorescent probe was rationally developed based on thiolysis reactions of...
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing 100029 China
| | - Longhuai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing 100029 China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) Beijing 100029 China
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18
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Switzer CH, Guttzeit S, Eykyn TR, Eaton P. Cysteine trisulfide oxidizes protein thiols and induces electrophilic stress in human cells. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102155. [PMID: 34607161 PMCID: PMC8497997 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling may be partially mediated by the formation of alkyl persulfides from thiols, such as glutathione and protein cysteine residues. Persulfides are potent nucleophiles and reductants and therefore potentially an important endogenous antioxidant or protein post-translational modification. To directly study the cellular effects of persulfides, cysteine trisulfide (Cys-S3) has been proposed as an in situ persulfide donor, as it reacts with cellular thiols to generate cysteine persulfide (Cys-S-S-). Numerous pathways sense and respond to electrophilic cellular stressors to inhibit cellular proliferation and induce apoptosis, however the effect of Cys-S3 on the cellular stress response has not been addressed. Here we show that Cys-S3 inhibited cellular metabolism and proliferation and rapidly induced cellular- and ER-stress mechanisms, which were coupled to widespread protein-thiol oxidation. Cys-S3 reacted with Na2S to generate cysteine persulfide, which protected human cell lines from ER-stress. However this method of producing cysteine persulfide contains excess sulfide, which interferes with the direct analysis of persulfide donation. We conclude that cysteine trisulfide is a thiol oxidant that induces cellular stress and decreased proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Sebastian Guttzeit
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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19
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Bora P, Manna S, Nair MA, Sathe RRM, Singh S, Sreyas Adury VS, Gupta K, Mukherjee A, Saini DK, Kamat SS, Hazra AB, Chakrapani H. Leveraging an enzyme/artificial substrate system to enhance cellular persulfides and mitigate neuroinflammation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12939-12949. [PMID: 34745524 PMCID: PMC8513928 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Persulfides and polysulfides, collectively known as the sulfane sulfur pool along with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), play a central role in cellular physiology and disease. Exogenously enhancing these species in cells is an emerging therapeutic paradigm for mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation that are associated with several diseases. In this study, we present a unique approach of using the cell's own enzyme machinery coupled with an array of artificial substrates to enhance the cellular sulfane sulfur pool. We report the synthesis and validation of artificial/unnatural substrates specific for 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), an important enzyme that contributes to sulfur trafficking in cells. We demonstrate that these artificial substrates generate persulfides in vitro as well as mediate sulfur transfer to low molecular weight thiols and to cysteine-containing proteins. A nearly 100-fold difference in the rates of H2S production for the various substrates is observed supporting the tunability of persulfide generation by the 3-MST enzyme/artificial substrate system. Next, we show that the substrate 1a permeates cells and is selectively turned over by 3-MST to generate 3-MST-persulfide, which protects against reactive oxygen species-induced lethality. Lastly, in a mouse model, 1a is found to significantly mitigate neuroinflammation in the brain tissue. Together, the approach that we have developed allows for the on-demand generation of persulfides in vitro and in vivo using a range of shelf-stable, artificial substrates of 3-MST, while opening up possibilities of harnessing these molecules for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Suman Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Mrutyunjay A Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Rupali R M Sathe
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Shubham Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Venkata Sai Sreyas Adury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Kavya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Deepak K Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Amrita B Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
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