1
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Kaplaneris N, Akdeniz M, Fillols M, Arrighi F, Raymenants F, Sanil G, Gryko DT, Noël T. Photocatalytic Functionalization of Dehydroalanine-Derived Peptides in Batch and Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403271. [PMID: 38497510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids, and their synthesis by the late-stage functionalization (LSF) of peptides, play a crucial role in areas such as drug design and discovery. Historically, the LSF of biomolecules has predominantly utilized traditional synthetic methodologies that exploit nucleophilic residues, such as cysteine, lysine or tyrosine. Herein, we present a photocatalytic hydroarylation process targeting the electrophilic residue dehydroalanine (Dha). This residue possesses an α,β-unsaturated moiety and can be combined with various arylthianthrenium salts, both in batch and flow reactors. Notably, the flow setup proved instrumental for efficient scale-up, paving the way for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides in substantial quantities. Our photocatalytic approach, being inherently mild, permits the diversification of peptides even when they contain sensitive functional groups. The readily available arylthianthrenium salts facilitate the seamless integration of Dha-containing peptides with a wide range of arenes, drug blueprints, and natural products, culminating in the creation of unconventional phenylalanine derivatives. The synergistic effect of the high functional group tolerance and the modular characteristic of the aryl electrophile enables efficient peptide conjugation and ligation in both batch and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merve Akdeniz
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Méritxell Fillols
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Arrighi
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gana Sanil
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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De Jesus IS, Vélez JAC, Pissinati EF, Correia JTM, Rivera DG, Paixao MW. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 38279622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid-based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional-group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site-selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva S De Jesus
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Márcio W Paixao
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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3
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Bao G, Wang P, Guo X, Li Y, He Z, Song X, E R, Yu T, Xie J, Sun W. Visible-Light Mediated Deoxygenation of Carboxylic Acid for Late-Stage Peptide Modification Targeting Dehydroalanine. Org Lett 2023; 25:8338-8343. [PMID: 37966281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light mediated deoxygenative radical addition of carboxylic acids to dehydroalanines has been disclosed. The method can be used in β-acyl alanine derivative synthesis, including those chiral and deuterated variants, and late-stage peptide modification with various functional groups, both in the homogeneous phase and on the resin in SPPS. It provides a new tool kit for rapid construction of bioactive peptide analogues, which has been demonstrated by modification of the antimicrobial peptide Feleucin-K3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyao E
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tingli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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4
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Immel JR, Alghafli BM, Rodríguez Ugalde AA, Bloom S. Aqueous Flavin Photoredox Catalysis Drives Exclusive C3-Alkylation of Indolyl Radical Cations in Route to Unnatural Tryptophan Mimetics. Org Lett 2023; 25:3818-3822. [PMID: 37191639 PMCID: PMC11055211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
One way to build chemical diversity into indoles is to oxidize them to indolyl radical cations (Ind•+). These intermediates can accept new functional groups across C2-C3 bonds or independently at C2. Less encountered is selective diversification at C3, a position plagued by competing dearomative side reactions. We disclose an aqueous photoredox-catalyzed method for transforming Ind•+ into C3-substituted tryptophan mimetics that uses water as a transient protecting group to guide site-selective C3 alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bayan M Alghafli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Allen Alonso Rodríguez Ugalde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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5
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Takeda A, Oka M, Iida H. Atom-Economical Syntheses of Dihydropyrroles Using Flavin-Iodine-Catalyzed Aerobic Multistep and Multicomponent Reactions. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37183405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report facile, atom-economical syntheses of multisubstituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles using flavin-iodine-catalyzed aerobic oxidative multistep transformations of chalcones with β-enamine ketones or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and amines. Exploiting coupled flavin-iodine catalysis, the multistep reaction, including C-C and C-N bond formation, is promoted only by the consumption of O2 (1 atm), thus allowing aerobic oxidative synthesis that generates green H2O as the only waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Marina Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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6
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Chen X, Josephson B, Davis BG. Carbon-Centered Radicals in Protein Manipulation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:614-638. [PMID: 37122447 PMCID: PMC10141601 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods to directly post-translationally modify proteins are perhaps the most straightforward and operationally simple ways to create and study protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, precisely altering or constructing the C-C scaffolds pervasive throughout biology is difficult with common two-electron chemical approaches. Recently, there has been a surge of new methods that have utilized single electron/radical chemistry applied to site-specifically "edit" proteins that have started to create this potential-one that in principle could be near free-ranging. This review provides an overview of current methods that install such "edits", including those that generate function and/or PTMs, through radical C-C bond formation (as well as C-X bond formation via C• where illustrative). These exploit selectivity for either native residues, or preinstalled noncanonical protein side-chains with superior radical generating or accepting abilities. Particular focus will be on the radical generation approach (on-protein or off-protein, use of light and photocatalysts), judging the compatibility of conditions with proteins and cells, and novel chemical biology applications afforded by these methods. While there are still many technical hurdles, radical C-C bond formation on proteins is a promising and rapidly growing area in chemical biology with long-term potential for biological editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 OFA, U.K.
| | - Brian Josephson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 OFA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, U.K.
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7
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Kaguchi R, Katsuyama A, Sato T, Takahashi S, Horiuchi M, Yokota SI, Ichikawa S. Discovery of Biologically Optimized Polymyxin Derivatives Facilitated by Peptide Scanning and In Situ Screening Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3665-3681. [PMID: 36708325 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Peptides can be converted to highly active compounds by introducing appropriate substituents on the suitable amino acid residue. Although modifiable residues in peptides can be systematically identified by peptide scanning methodologies, there is no practical method for optimization at the "scanned" position. With the purpose of using derivatives not only for scanning but also as a starting point for further chemical functionalization, we herein report the "scanning and direct derivatization" strategy through chemoselective acylation of embedded threonine residues by a serine/threonine ligation (STL) with the help of in situ screening chemistry. We have applied this strategy to the optimization of the polymyxin antibiotics, which were selected as a model system to highlight the power of the rapid derivatization of active scanning derivatives. Using this approach, we explored the structure-activity relationships of the polymyxins and successfully prepared derivatives with activity against polymyxin-resistant bacteria and those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa selective antibacterial activity. This strategy opens up efficient structural exploration and further optimization of peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Kaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami-1, Nishi-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo060-8543, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Minami-1, Nishi-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo060-8543, Japan
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami-1, Nishi-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo060-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
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8
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Knowles OJ, Johannissen LO, Crisenza GEM, Hay S, Leys D, Procter DJ. A Vitamin B 2 -Photocatalysed Approach to Methionine Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212158. [PMID: 36250805 PMCID: PMC10100050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Access to new non-canonical amino acid residues is crucial for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Analogues of the amino acid methionine have been far less explored-despite their use in biochemistry, pharmacology and peptide bioconjugation. This is largely due to limited synthetic access. Herein, we exploit a new disconnection to access non-natural methionines through the development of a photochemical method for the radical α-C-H functionalization of sulfides with alkenes, in water, using inexpensive and commercially-available riboflavin (vitamin B2 ) as a photocatalyst. Our photochemical conditions allow the two-step synthesis of novel methionine analogues-by radical addition to unsaturated amino acid derivatives-and the chemoselective modification of peptide side-chains to yield non-natural methionine residues within small peptides. The mechanism of the bio-inspired flavin photocatalysis has been probed by experimental, DFT and TDDFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Knowles
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | | | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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9
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Knowles OJ, Johannissen LO, Crisenza GEM, Hay S, Leys D, Procter DJ. A Vitamin B 2-Photocatalysed Approach to Methionine Analogues. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202212158. [PMID: 38505624 PMCID: PMC10946832 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Access to new non-canonical amino acid residues is crucial for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Analogues of the amino acid methionine have been far less explored-despite their use in biochemistry, pharmacology and peptide bioconjugation. This is largely due to limited synthetic access. Herein, we exploit a new disconnection to access non-natural methionines through the development of a photochemical method for the radical α-C-H functionalization of sulfides with alkenes, in water, using inexpensive and commercially-available riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a photocatalyst. Our photochemical conditions allow the two-step synthesis of novel methionine analogues-by radical addition to unsaturated amino acid derivatives-and the chemoselective modification of peptide side-chains to yield non-natural methionine residues within small peptides. The mechanism of the bio-inspired flavin photocatalysis has been probed by experimental, DFT and TDDFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Knowles
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | | | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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10
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Rehpenn A, Walter A, Storch G. Molecular flavin catalysts for C-H functionalisation and derivatisation of dehydroamino acids. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14151-14156. [PMID: 36540823 PMCID: PMC9728571 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In nature, the isoalloxazine heterocycle of flavin cofactors undergoes reversible covalent bond formation with a variety of different reaction partners. These intermediates play a crucial role inter alia as the signalling states and in selective catalysis reactions. In the organic laboratory, covalent adducts with a new carbon-carbon bond have been observed with photochemically excited flavins but have, so far, only been regarded as dead-end side products. We have identified a series of molecular flavins that form adducts resulting in a new C-C bond at the C4a-position through allylic C-H activation and dehydroamino acid oxidation. Typically, these reactions are of radical nature and a stepwise pathway is assumed. We could demonstrate that these adducts are no dead-end and that the labile C-C bond can be cleaved by adding the persistent radical TEMPO leading to flavin regeneration and alkoxyamine-functionalised substrates. Our method allows for the catalytic oxidation of dehydroamino acids (16 examples) and we show that the acylimine products serve as versatile starting points for diversification. The present results are envisioned to stimulate the design of further catalytic reactions involving intermediates at the flavin C4a-position and their reactivity towards metal complexes or other persistent organic radicals. Our method for dehydrobutyrine derivatisation is orthogonal to the currently used methods (i.e., nucleophilic attack or radical addition) and offers new perspectives for peptide natural product diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rehpenn
- School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Alexandra Walter
- School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
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11
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Gary S, Bloom S. Peptide Carbocycles: From -SS- to -CC- via a Late-Stage "Snip-and-Stitch". ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1537-1547. [PMID: 36439308 PMCID: PMC9686213 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One way to improve the therapeutic potential of peptides is through cyclization. This is commonly done using a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues in the peptide. However, disulfide bonds are susceptible to reductive cleavage, and this can deactivate the peptide and endanger endogenous proteins through covalent modification. Substituting disulfide bonds with more chemically robust carbon-based linkers has proven to be an effective strategy to better develop cyclic peptides as drugs, but finding the optimal carbon replacement is synthetically laborious. We report a new late-stage platform wherein a single disulfide bond in a cyclic peptide can serve as the progenitor for any number of new carbon-rich groups, derived from organodiiodides, using a Zn:Cu couple and a hydrosilane. We show that this platform can furnish entirely new carbocyclic scaffolds with enhanced permeability and structural integrity and that the stereochemistry of the new cycles can be biased by a judicious choice in silane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas66045, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas66045, United States
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12
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Wang J, Ye Y, Sang T, Zhou C, Bao X, Yuan Y, Huo C. C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H Dehydrogenative Radical Coupling of Glycine Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:7577-7582. [PMID: 36214657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a general C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H dehydrogenative coupling strategy for the preparation of various natural or unnatural amino acids from readily available glycine derivatives and hydrocarbons through a combination of SET and HAT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Youwan Ye
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Tongzhi Sang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Chenxing Zhou
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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13
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Marotta A, Adams CE, Molloy JJ. The Impact of Boron Hybridisation on Photocatalytic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207067. [PMID: 35748797 PMCID: PMC9544826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently the fruitful merger of organoboron chemistry and photocatalysis has come to the forefront of organic synthesis, resulting in the development of new technologies to access complex (non)borylated frameworks. Central to the success of this combination is control of boron hybridisation. Contingent on the photoactivation mode, boron as its neutral planar form or tetrahedral boronate can be used to regulate reactivity. This Minireview highlights the current state of the art in photocatalytic processes utilising organoboron compounds, paying particular attention to the role of boron hybridisation for the target transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marotta
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Callum E. Adams
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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14
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Immel JR, Bloom S. carba-Nucleopeptides (cNPs): A Biopharmaceutical Modality Formed through Aqueous Rhodamine B Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205606. [PMID: 35507689 PMCID: PMC9256812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exchanging the ribose backbone of an oligonucleotide for a peptide can enhance its physiologic stability and nucleic acid binding affinity. Ordinarily, the eneamino nitrogen atom of a nucleobase is fused to the side chain of a polypeptide through a new C-N bond. The discovery of C-C linked nucleobases in the human transcriptome reveals new opportunities for engineering nucleopeptides that replace the traditional C-N bond with a non-classical C-C bond, liberating a captive nitrogen atom and promoting new hydrogen bonding and π-stacking interactions. We report the first late-stage synthesis of C-C linked carba-nucleopeptides (cNPs) using aqueous Rhodamine B photoredox catalysis. We prepare brand-new cNPs in batch, in parallel, and in flow using three long-wavelength photochemical setups. We detail the mechanism of our reaction by experimental and computational studies and highlight the essential role of diisopropylethylamine as a bifurcated two-electron reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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15
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Caldarelli M, Laze L, Piazza L, Caputo G, De Amici M, Papeo G. Use of acridinium-based photocatalyst in the Giese-type coupling of arylboronic acids with electron poor olefins. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Marotta A, Adams CE, Molloy J. The Impact of Boron Hybridisation on Photocatalytic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marotta
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung biomolecular systems GERMANY
| | - Callum E. Adams
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung biomolecular systems department GERMANY
| | - John Molloy
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Sytems Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
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17
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Shang X, Liu ZQ. Advances in free-radical alkylation and arylation with organoboronic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4074-4080. [PMID: 35535704 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organoboronic acids act as carbon-centered radical precursors that are widely utilized to construct diverse C-C bonds. This review summarizes the advances in this field. The content is divided into four parts according to the different categories of coupling partners with organoboronic acids. The reaction conditions as well as the mechanisms are demonstrated in each part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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18
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Speckmeier E, Maier TC. ART─An Amino Radical Transfer Strategy for C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Coupling Reactions, Enabled by Dual Photo/Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9997-10005. [PMID: 35613328 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introducing the novel concept of amino radical transfer (ART) enables the use of easily accessible and commercially available alkyl boronic esters as cross-coupling partners for aryl halides in dual photoredox/nickel catalysis mediated by visible light. Activation of otherwise photochemically innocent boronic esters by radicals generated from primary or secondary alkylamines gives rise to an outstanding functional group tolerance in a mild, fast, and air-stable reaction. As shown in more than 50 examples including unprotected alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids, this reaction allows quick access to relevant scaffolds for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. In comparison with existing methods for C(sp2)-C(sp3) couplings an extraordinary generality could be realized via the ART concept, employing a single set of optimized reaction conditions. Due to its selectivity, the transformation can also be used for late-stage functionalization, as demonstrated with three exemplary syntheses of drug molecules. Furthermore, the successful one-to-one scalability of this reaction up to gram scale without the necessity of any further precautions or flow systems is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas C Maier
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Immel JR, Bloom S. carba
‐Nucleopeptides (
c
NPs): A Biopharmaceutical Modality Formed through Aqueous Rhodamine B Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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20
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Peng X, Xu K, Zhang Q, Liu L, Tan J. Dehydroalanine modification sees the light: a photochemical conjugate addition strategy. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Chilamari M, Immel JR, Chen PH, Alghafli BM, Bloom S. Flavin Metallaphotoredox Catalysis: Synergistic Synthesis in Water. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4175-4181. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob R. Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bayan M. Alghafli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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22
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Li S, Pissarnitski D, Nowak T, Wleklinski M, Krska SW. Merging Late-Stage Diversification with Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Enabled by High-Throughput On-Resin Reaction Screening. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dmitri Pissarnitski
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Timothy Nowak
- Department of Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Wleklinski
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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23
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site‐Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
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24
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site-Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111388. [PMID: 34845804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective peptide functionalization provides a straightforward and cost-effective access to diversify peptides for biological studies. Among many existing non-invasive peptide conjugations methodologies, photoredox catalysis has emerged as one of the powerful approaches for site-specific manipulation on native peptides. Herein, we report a highly N-termini-specific method to rapidly access itaconated peptides and their derivatives through a combination of transamination and photoredox conditions. This strategy exploits the facile reactivity of peptidyl-dihydropyridine in the complex peptide settings, complementing existing approaches for bioconjugations with excellent selectivity under mild conditions. Distinct from conventional methods, this method utilizes the highly reactive carbamoyl radical derived from a peptidyl-dihydropyridine. In addition, this itaconated peptide can be further functionalized as a Michael acceptor to access the corresponding peptide-protein conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Zhang L, Floyd BM, Chilamari M, Mapes J, Swaminathan J, Bloom S, Marcotte EM, Anslyn EV. Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C-Terminal Differentiation for Bulk- and Single-Molecule Proteomics. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2595-2603. [PMID: 34734691 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the selective labeling of biogenic functional groups on peptides are being developed and used in the workflow of both current and emerging proteomics technologies, such as single-molecule fluorosequencing. To achieve successful labeling with any one method requires that the peptide fragments contain the functional group for which labeling chemistry is designed. In practice, only two functional groups are present in every peptide fragment regardless of the protein cleavage site, namely, an N-terminal amine and a C-terminal carboxylic acid. Developing a global-labeling technology, therefore, requires one to specifically target the N- and/or C-terminus of peptides. In this work, we showcase the first successful application of photocatalyzed C-terminal decarboxylative alkylation for peptide mass spectrometry and single-molecule protein sequencing that can be broadly applied to any proteome. We demonstrate that peptides in complex mixtures generated from enzymatic digests from bovine serum albumin, as well as protein mixtures from yeast and human cell extracts, can be site-specifically labeled at their C-terminal residue with a Michael acceptor. Using two distinct analytical approaches, we characterize C-terminal labeling efficiencies of greater than 50% across complete proteomes and document the proclivity of various C-terminal amino-acid residues for decarboxylative labeling, showing histidine and tryptophan to be the most disfavored. Finally, we combine C-terminal decarboxylative labeling with an orthogonal carboxylic acid-labeling technology in tandem to establish a new platform for fluorosequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brendan M. Floyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maheshwerreddy Chilamari
- School of Pharmacy - Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7572, United States
| | - James Mapes
- Erisyon, Inc., Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Jagannath Swaminathan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- School of Pharmacy - Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7572, United States
| | - Edward M. Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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