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Li H, Cai Q, Wang Y, Jie G, Zhou H. Spatial-Potential-Color-Resolved Bipolar Electrode Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Using a CuMoOx Electrocatalyst for the Simultaneous Detection and Imaging of Tetracycline and Lincomycin. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7073-7081. [PMID: 38663374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A spatial-potential-color-resolved bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence biosensor (BPE-ECL) using a CuMoOx electrocatalyst was constructed for the simultaneous detection and imaging of tetracycline (TET) and lincomycin (LIN). HOF-101 emitted peacock blue light under positive potential scanning, and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) emitted green light under negative potential scanning. CuMoOx could catalyze the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 to greatly increase the Faradic current of BPE and realize the ECL signal amplification. In channel 1, CuMoOx-Aptamer II (TET) probes were introduced into the BPE hole (left groove A) by the dual aptamer sandwich method of TET. During positive potential scanning, the polarity of BPE (left groove A) was negative, resulting in the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 catalyzed by CuMoOx, and the ECL signal of HOF-101 was enhanced for detecting TET. In channel 2, CuMoOx-Aptamer (LIN) probes were adsorbed on the MXene of the driving electrode (DVE) hole (left groove B) by hydrogen-bonding and metal-chelating interactions. LIN bound with its aptamers, causing CuMoOx to fall off. During negative potential scanning, the polarity of DVE (left groove B) was negative and the Faradic current decreased. The ECL signal of CdSe QDs was reduced for detecting LIN. Furthermore, a portable mobile phone imaging platform was built for the colorimetric (CL) detection of TET and LIN. Thus, the multiple mode-resolved detection of TET and LIN could be realized simultaneously with only one potential scan, which greatly improved detection accuracy and efficiency. This study opened a new technology of BPE-ECL sensor application and is expected to shine in microchips and point-of-care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Jie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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2
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Li X, Wang R, Dai W, Luan Y. Aging microplastics and coupling of "microplastic-electric fields" can affect soil water-stable aggregates' stability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134048. [PMID: 38493624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
As plastic waste continues to accumulate in natural environments, the impact of aged microplastics (MPs) on soil ecosystems is increasingly becoming a matter of global concern. However, the effects of aged MPs on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the influence of two types of aged MPs, namely, polystyrene and polypropylene, on soil aggregate stability. We found that MPs have a notable effect on the fundamental structural units of soil aggregates, including organic matter and microorganisms. Consequently, reducing the structural stability of soil aggregates by disrupting the bonding mechanisms of soil particles affects the erosion resistance of coarse aggregates. Furthermore, we investigated the coupled effects of "soil electric field-MPs" on aggregate stability. The results showed that the critical potential for aggregate explosive fragmentation corresponds to an electric field intensity at an electrolyte concentration of 10-2 mol·L-1. In this study, we have clarified the primary factors through which MPs affect the stability of water-stable soil aggregates, providing new insights for a more accurate assessment of the impact of MPs on soil aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Dai
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaning Luan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Sun Z, Ma C, Yu C, Li Z. Microplastic separation and enrichment in microchannels under derivative electric field gradient by bipolar electrode reactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4626. [PMID: 38409340 PMCID: PMC10897390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The decomposed plastic products in the natural environment evolve into tiny plastic particles with characteristics such as small size, lightweight, and difficulty in removal, resulting in a significant pollution issue in aquatic environments. Significant progress has been made in microplastic separation technology benefiting from microfluidic chips in recent years. Based on the mechanisms of microfluidic control technology, this study investigates the enrichment and separation mechanisms of polystyrene particles in an unbuffered solution. The Faraday reaction caused by the bipolar electrodes changes the electric field gradient and improves the separation efficiency. We also propose an evaluation scheme to measure the separation efficiency. Finite element simulations are conducted to parametrically analyze the influence of applied voltages, channel geometry, and size of electrodes on plastic particle separation. The numerical cases indicate that the electrode-installed microfluidic channels separate microplastic particles effectively and precisely. The electrodes play an important role in local electric field distribution and trigger violent chemical reactions. By optimizing the microchannel structure, applied voltages, and separation channel angle, an optimal solution for separating microplastic particles can be found. This study could supply some references to control microplastic pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Chicheng Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Chengjiao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zirui Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Choi MH, Hong L, Chamorro LP, Edwards B, Timperman AT. Measuring the electrophoretic mobility and size of single particles using microfluidic transverse AC electrophoresis (TrACE). LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 37937351 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure the charge and size of single particles is essential to understanding particle adhesion and interaction with their environment. Characterizing the physical properties of biological particles, like cells, can be a powerful tool in studying the association between the changes in physical properties and disease development. Currently, measuring charge via the electrophoretic mobility (μep) of individual particles remains challenging, and there is only one prior report of simultaneously measuring μep and size. We introduce microfluidic transverse AC electrophoresis (TrACE), a novel technique that combines particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and AC electrophoresis. In TrACE, electric waves with 0.75 to 1.5 V amplitude are applied transversely to the bulk flow and cause the particles to oscillate. PTV records the particles' oscillating trajectories as pressure drives bulk flow through the microchannel. A simple quasi-equilibrium model agrees well with experimental measurements of frequency, amplitude, and phase, indicating that particle motion is largely described by DC electrophoresis. The measured μep of polystyrene particles (0.53, 0.84, 1, and 2 μm diameter) are consistent with ELS measurements, and precision is enhanced by averaging ∼100 measurements per particle. Particle size is simultaneously measured from Brownian motion quantified from the trajectory for particles <2 μm or image analysis for particles ≥2 μm. Lastly, the ability to analyze intact mammalian cells is demonstrated with B cells. TrACE systems are expected to be highly suitable as fieldable tools to measure the μep and size of a broad range of individual particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hannah Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leonardo P Chamorro
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Boyd Edwards
- Department of Physics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Aaron T Timperman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Li X, Wang R, Dai W, Luan Y, Li J. Impacts of Micro(nano)plastics on Terrestrial Plants: Germination, Growth, and Litter. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3554. [PMID: 37896018 PMCID: PMC10609671 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MNP) are pervasive in various environmental media and pose a global environmental pollution issue, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where they exert a significant impact on plant growth and development. This paper builds upon prior research to analyze and consolidate the effects of MNP on soil properties, seed germination, plant growth, and litter decomposition. The objective is to elucidate the environmental behavior of MNP and their mechanisms of influence on the plant life cycle. The unique physicochemical and electrical properties of MNP enable them to modify soil structure, water retention capacity, and pH. They can potentially act as "electron shuttles" or disrupt natural "electron shuttles" in litter decomposition, thereby interfering with nutrient transport and availability in the soil. Furthermore, MNP can physically obstruct nutrient and water channels within plants, impacting nutrient and water absorption. Once infiltrating plant tissues, MNP can form eco-coronas with plant proteins. Together with MNP adsorbed on the plant's surface and within its tissues, they disrupt normal physiological processes, leading to changes in photosynthesis, biomass, cellular toxicity, genetics, nutrient uptake, and gene expression. These changes, in turn, influence seed germination and plant growth and development. As a burgeoning research field, future studies should delve deeper into various aspects of these changes, such as elucidating the pathways and mechanisms through which MNP enter plant tissues, assessing their intensity and mechanisms of toxicity on different plant species, and exploring the relationship between micro(nano)plastics and "electron shuttles". These endeavors will contribute to establishing a more comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the environmental behavior of MNP and their impact on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Rongyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Wei Dai
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Yaning Luan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Ece E, Hacıosmanoğlu N, Inci F. Microfluidics as a Ray of Hope for Microplastic Pollution. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:332. [PMID: 36979544 PMCID: PMC10046247 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is rising at an alarming rate, imposing overwhelming problems for the ecosystem. The impact of MPs on life and environmental cycles has already reached a point of no return; yet global awareness of this issue and regulations regarding MP exposure could change this situation in favor of human health. Detection and separation methods for different MPs need to be deployed to achieve the goal of reversing the effect of MPs. Microfluidics is a well-established technology that enables to manipulate samples in microliter volumes in an unprecedented manner. Owing to its low cost, ease of operation, and high efficiency, microfluidics holds immense potential to tackle unmet challenges in MP. In this review, conventional MP detection and separation technologies are comprehensively reviewed, along with state-of-the-art examples of microfluidic platforms. In addition, we herein denote an insight into future directions for microfluidics and how this technology would provide a more efficient solution to potentially eradicate MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ece
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nedim Hacıosmanoğlu
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Thompson JR, Crooks RM. Electrokinetic separation techniques for studying nano- and microplastics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12616-12624. [PMID: 36519045 PMCID: PMC9645370 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microplastics have been found in seawater, soil, food, and even human blood and tissues. The ubiquity of microplastics is alarming, but the health and environmental impacts of microplastics are just beginning to be understood. Accordingly, sampling, separating, and quantifying exposure to microplastics to devise a total risk assessment is the focus of ongoing research. Unfortunately, traditional separation methods (i.e., size- and density-based methods) unintentionally exclude the smallest microplastics (<10 μm). Limited data about the smallest microplastics is problematic because they are likely the most pervasive and have distinct properties from their larger plastic counterparts. To that end, in this Perspective, we discuss using electrokinetic methods for separating the smallest microplastics. Specifically, we describe three methods for forming electric field gradients, discuss key results within the field for continuously separating microplastics, and lastly discuss research avenues which we deem critical for advancing electrokinetic separation platforms for targeting the smallest microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA +1-512-475-8674
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA +1-512-475-8674
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8
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Enhanced single-nanoparticle collisions for the hydrogen evolution reaction in a confined microchannel. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)64034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chen Z, Wei W, Liu X, Ni BJ. Emerging electrochemical techniques for identifying and removing micro/nanoplastics in urban waters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118846. [PMID: 35841793 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) in urban waters are priority pollutants due to their toxic effects on living organisms. Currently, great efforts have been made to realize a plastic-free urban water system, and the identification and removal of MPs/NPs are two primary issues. Among diverse methods, emerging electrochemical techniques have gained growing interests owing to their facile implementation, high efficiency, eco-compatibility, onsite operation, etc. Herein, recent progress in the electrochemical identification and removal of MPs/NPs in urban waters are comprehensively reviewed. The electrochemical sensing of MPs/NPs and their released pollutants (e.g., bisphenol A (BPA)) has been analyzed, and the sensing principles and the featured electrochemical devices/electrodes are examined. Afterwards, recent applications of electrochemical methods (i.e., electrocoagulation, electroadsorption, electrokinetic separation and electrochemical degradation) in MPs/NPs removal are discussed in detail. The influences of critical parameters (e.g., plastics' property, current density and electrolyte) in the electrochemical identification and removal of MPs/NPs are also analyzed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in electrochemical sensing and removal of MPs/NPs in urban waters are elaborated. This review would advance efficient electrochemical technologies for future MPs/NPs pollutions management in urban waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Thompson JR, Crooks RM. Enriching Cations Using Electric Field Gradients Generated by Bipolar Electrodes in the Absence of Buffer. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 United States
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Wilder LM, Thompson JR, Crooks RM. Electrochemical pH regulation in droplet microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:632-640. [PMID: 35018955 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for electrochemical pH regulation in microdroplets generated in a microfluidic device. The key finding is that controlled quantities of reagents can be generated electrochemically in moving microdroplets confined within a microfluidic channel. Additionally, products generated at the anode and cathode can be isolated within descendant microdroplets. Specifically, ∼5 nL water-in-oil microdroplets are produced at a T-junction and then later split into two descendant droplets. During splitting, floor-patterned microelectrodes drive water electrolysis within the aqueous microdroplets to produce H+ and OH-. This results in a change in the pHs of the descendant droplets. The droplet pH can be regulated over a range of 5.9 to 7.7 by injecting controlled amounts of charge into the droplets. When the injected charge is between -6.3 and 54.5 nC nL-1, the measured pH of the resulting droplets is within ±0.1 pH units of that predicted based on the magnitude of the injected charge. This technique can likely be adapted to electrogeneration of other reagents within microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Wilder
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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