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Dayyani H, Mohseni A, Bijarchi MA. Dynamic behavior of floating magnetic liquid marbles under steady and pulse-width-modulated magnetic fields. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2005-2016. [PMID: 38390638 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles show promising potential for digital microfluidic devices due to their lower friction with the platform surface than non-covered droplets. In this study, the manipulation of a biocompatible magnetic liquid marble with a magnetic shell (LMMS) is experimentally studied. The movement of the floating LMMS on the water surface, which is actuated by DC and pulse width modulation (PWM) magnetic fields, is investigated under the influence of various parameters, including the LMMS volume, the initial distance of the LMMS from the magnetic coil tip, the magnetic coil current, the PWM frequency and its duty cycle. The LMMS has a shorter travel time to the magnetic coil tip under a DC magnetic field by increasing the magnetic coil current, decreasing the initial distance and its volume. In the PWM mode, these parameters show similar behavior; moreover, increasing the PWM duty cycle and decreasing the PWM frequency shorten the travel time. It is demonstrated that actuation by a PWM magnetic field with step-by-step movement provides better control over manipulation of the floating magnetic marble. The dynamic behavior of an LMMS is compared to a ferrofluid marble (FM), which is formed using a ferrofluid instead of water as its core. It is observed that the LMMS has a lower velocity than the FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dayyani
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mohseni
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Ali Bijarchi
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Tang C, Liu B, Zou H, Li W, Zhang H. Mixing Performance Analysis and Optimal Design of a Novel Passive Baffle Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:182. [PMID: 38398912 PMCID: PMC10893328 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Micromixers, as crucial components of microfluidic devices, find widespread applications in the field of biochemistry. Due to the laminar flow in microchannels, mixing is challenging, and it significantly impacts the efficiency of rapid reactions. In this study, numerical simulations of four baffle micromixer structures were carried out at different Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.1, Re = 1, Re = 10, and Re = 100) in order to investigate the flow characteristics and mixing mechanism under different structures and optimize the micromixer by varying the vertical displacement of the baffle, the rotation angle, the horizontal spacing, and the number of baffle, and by taking into account the mixing intensity and pressure drop. The results indicated that the optimal mixing efficiency was achieved when the baffle's vertical displacement was 90 μm, the baffle angle was 60°, the horizontal spacing was 130 μm, and there were 20 sets of baffles. At Re = 0.1, the mixing efficiency reached 99.4%, and, as Re increased, the mixing efficiency showed a trend of, first, decreasing and then increasing. At Re = 100, the mixing efficiency was 97.2%. Through simulation analysis of the mixing process, the structure of the baffle-type micromixer was effectively improved, contributing to enhanced fluid mixing efficiency and reaction speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zheng
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongyuan Zou
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Bielas R, Kubiak T, Molcan M, Dobosz B, Rajnak M, Józefczak A. Biocompatible Hydrogel-Based Liquid Marbles with Magnetosomes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:99. [PMID: 38203953 PMCID: PMC10779466 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are widely known for their potential biomedical applications, especially due to their versatility and ease of preparation. In the present work, we prepared liquid marbles with various cores composed of water, agar-based hydrogels, magnetic fluids, or non-aqueous substances. As a coating material, we used biocompatible particles of plant origin, such as turmeric grains and Lycopodium pollen. Additionally, we provided marbles with magnetic properties by incorporating either magnetosomes or iron oxide nanoparticles as a powder or by injecting another magnetic fluid. Structures obtained in this way were stable and susceptible to manipulation by an external magnetic field. The properties of the magnetic components of our marbles were verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Our approach to encapsulation of active substances such as antibiotics within a protective hydrogel core opens up new perspectives for the delivery of hydrophobic payloads to the inherently hydrophilic biological environment. Additionally, hydrogel marbles enriched with magnetic materials showed promise as biocompatible heating agents under alternating magnetic fields. A significant innovation of our research was also the fabrication of composite structures in which the gel-like core was surrounded without mixing by a magnetic fluid covered on the outside by the particle shell. Our liquid marbles, especially those with a hydrogel core and magnetic content, due to the ease of preparation and favorable properties, have great potential for biomedical use. The fact that we were able to simultaneously produce, functionalize (by filling with predefined cargo), and manipulate (by means of an external magnetic field) several marbles also seems to be important from an application point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Bielas
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kubiak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Matus Molcan
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Bernadeta Dobosz
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michal Rajnak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Arkadiusz Józefczak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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Tenjimbayashi M, Mouterde T, Roy PK, Uto K. Liquid marbles: review of recent progress in physical properties, formation techniques, and lab-in-a-marble applications in microreactors and biosensors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18980-18998. [PMID: 37990550 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are nonsticking droplets whose surfaces are covered with low-wettability particles. Owing to their high mobility, shape reconfigurability, and widely accessible liquid/particle possibilities, the research on LMs has flourished since 2001. Their physical properties, fabrication mechanisms, and functionalisation capabilities indicate their potential for various applications. This review summarises the fundamental properties of LMs, the recent advances (mainly works published in 2020-2023) in the concept of LMs, physical properties, formation methods, LM-templated material design, and biochemical applications. Finally, the potential development and variations of LMs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Timothée Mouterde
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Pritam Kumar Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Kaushal A, Shoval S, Binks BP, Bormashenko E. Universality of Scaling Laws Governing Contact and Spreading Time Spans of Bouncing Liquid Marbles and its Physical Origin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12488-12496. [PMID: 37604671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of liquid marbles coated with a diversity of hydrophobic powders with various solid substrates, including hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and superhydrophobic ones, was investigated. The contact time of the bouncing marbles was studied. Universal scaling behavior of the contact time tc as a function of the Weber number (We) was established; the scaling law tc = tc(We) was independent of the kind of powder and the type of solid substrate. The total contact time consists of spreading time and retraction time. It is weakly dependent on We and this is true for all kinds of studied powders and substrates. This observation hints to the surface tension/inertia spring model governing the impact. By contrast, the spreading time ts scales as [Formula: see text], n = 0.28 - 0.30 ± 0.002. We relate the origin of this scaling law to the viscous dissipation occurring within the spreading marbles. The retraction time tr grows weakly with the Weber number. The scaling law was changed at threshold values of We ≅ 15-20. It is reasonable to explain this change with the breaking of the Leidenfrost regime of spreading under high values of We.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kaushal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, Ariel 407000, Israel
| | - Shraga Shoval
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, Ariel 407000, Israel
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Edward Bormashenko
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel
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Roy PK, Shoval S, Fujii S, Bormashenko E. Interfacial crystallization in the polyhedral liquid marbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:685-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xu L, Kang M, Xiong F, Sui Y, Huang Y. Cinnamaldehyde‐based Natural Product as Viscosity‐Sensitive Sensor toward Liquid Safety Inspection. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Jiangxi Province Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Minqing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 China
| | - Fangzhi Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 China
| | - Yan Sui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi 343009 China
| | - Yanrong Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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Kumar Roy P, Binks BP, Shoval S, Dombrovsky LA, Bormashenko E. Hierarchical liquid marbles formed using floating hydrophobic powder and levitating water droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:466-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ng LS, Chong C, Lok XY, Pereira V, Ang ZZ, Han X, Li H, Lee HK. Dynamic Liquid-Liquid Interface: Applying a Spinning Interfacial Microreactor to Actively Converge Biphasic Reactants for the Enhanced Interfacial Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45005-45012. [PMID: 36162132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A liquid-liquid interfacial reaction combines reactants with large polarity disparity to achieve greener and more efficient chemistry that is otherwise challenging in traditional single-phase systems. However, current interfacial approaches suffer from the need for a large amount of solvent/reactant/emulsifier and poor reaction performance arising from intrinsic thermodynamic constraints. Herein, we achieve an efficient interfacial reaction by creating a magnetic-responsive, microscale liquid-liquid interface and exploit its dynamic spinning motion to generate vortex-like hydrodynamic flows that rapidly converge biphasic reactants to the point-of-reaction. Notably, the spinning of this functional interface at 800 rpm boosts the reaction efficiency and its apparent equilibrium constant by > 500-fold and 105-fold, respectively, higher than conventional methods that utilize bulk and/or non-dynamic liquid interfaces, even with external mechanical stirring. By driving reaction equilibrium toward favorable product formation, our unique design offers enormous opportunities to realize efficient multiphasic reactions crucial for diverse applications in chemical synthesis, environmental remediation, and even molecular recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shiuan Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carice Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Lok
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Veronica Pereira
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhi Zhong Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Roy PK, Binks BP, Shoval S, Dombrovsky LA, Bormashenko E. Levitating clusters of fluorinated fumed silica nanoparticles enable manufacture of liquid marbles: Co-occurrence of interfacial, thermal and electrostatic events. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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