1
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Hsueh FC, Barluzzi L, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Synthesis, structure and redox properties of single-atom bridged diuranium complexes supported by aryloxides. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13416-13426. [PMID: 39051943 PMCID: PMC11320667 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom (group 15 and group 16 anions) bridged dimetallic complexes of low oxidation state uranium provide a convenient route to implement multielectron transfer and promote magnetic communication in uranium chemistry, but remain extremely rare. Here we report the synthesis, redox and magnetic properties of N3-, O2-, and S2- bridged diuranium complexes supported by bulky aryloxide ligands. The U(IV)/U(IV) nitride [Cs(THF)8][(U(OAr)3)2(μ-N)], 1 could be prepared and characterized but could not be reduced. Reduction of the neutral U(IV)/U(IV) complexes [(U(OAr)3)2(μ-X)] A (X = O) and B (X = S) led to the isolation and characterization of the U(IV)/U(III) and U(III)/U(III) analogues. Complexes [(K(THF)4)2(U(OAr)2)2(μ-S)2], 5 and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[(U(OAr)3)2(μ-S)], 6 are the first examples of U(III) sulphide bridged complexes. Computational studies and redox properties allow the reactivity of the dimetallic complexes to be related to their electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Lussier D, Ito E, McClain KR, Smith PW, Kwon H, Rutkauskaite R, Harvey BG, Shuh DK, Long JR. Metal-Halide Covalency, Exchange Coupling, and Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Triangular (Cp iPr5) 3U 3X 6 (X = Cl, Br, I) Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21280-21295. [PMID: 39044394 PMCID: PMC11311243 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The actinide elements are attractive alternatives to transition metals or lanthanides for the design of exchange-coupled multinuclear single-molecule magnets. However, the synthesis of such compounds is challenging, as is unraveling any contributions from exchange coupling to the overall magnetism. To date, only a few actinide compounds have been shown to exhibit exchange coupling and single-molecule magnetism. Here, we report triangular uranium(III) clusters of the type (CpiPr5)3U3X (1-X; X = Cl, Br, I; CpiPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl), which are synthesized via reaction of the aryloxide-bridged precursor (CpiPr5)2U2(OPhtBu)4 with excess Me3SiX. Spectroscopic analysis suggests the presence of covalency in the uranium-halide interactions arising from 5f orbital participation in bonding. The dc magnetic susceptibility data reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the uranium(III) centers in these compounds, with the strength of the exchange decreasing down the halide series. Ac magnetic susceptibility data further reveal all compounds to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation under zero dc field. In 1-I, which exhibits particularly weak exchange, magnetic relaxation occurs via a Raman mechanism associated with the individual uranium(III) centers. In contrast, for 1-Br and 1-Cl, magnetic relaxation occurs via an Orbach mechanism, likely involving relaxation between ground and excited exchange-coupled states. Significantly, in the case of 1-Cl, magnetic relaxation is sufficiently slow such that open magnetic hysteresis is observed up to 2.75 K, and the compound exhibits a 100-s blocking temperature of 2.4 K. This compound provides the first example of magnetic blocking in a compound containing only actinide-based ions, as well as the first example involving the uranium(III) oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
J. Lussier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emi Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K. Randall McClain
- U.S.
Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Patrick W. Smith
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryte Rutkauskaite
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Harvey
- U.S.
Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - David K. Shuh
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Jori N, Moreno JJ, Shivaraam RAK, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Campos J, Mazzanti M. Iron promoted end-on dinitrogen-bridging in heterobimetallic complexes of uranium and lanthanides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6842-6852. [PMID: 38725514 PMCID: PMC11077558 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
End-on binding of dinitrogen to low valent metal centres is common in transition metal chemistry but remains extremely rare in f-elements chemistry. In particular, heterobimetallic end-on N2 bridged complexes of lanthanides are unprecedented despite their potential relevance in catalytic reduction of dinitrogen. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of N2 bridged heterobimetallic complexes of U(iii), Ln(iii) and Ln(ii) which were prepared by reacting the Fe dinitrogen complex [Fe(depe)2(N2)] (depe = 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)-ethane), complex A with [MIII{N(SiMe3)2}3] (M = U, Ce, Sm, Dy, Tm) and [LnII{N(SiMe3)2}2], (Ln = Sm, Yb). Despite the lack of reactivity of the U(iii), Ln(iii) and Ln(ii) amide complexes with dinitrogen, the end-on dinitrogen bridged heterobimetallic complexes [{Fe(depe)2}(μ-η1:η1-N2)(M{N(SiMe3)2}3)], 1-M (M = U(iii), Ce(iii), Sm(iii), Dy(iii) and Tm(iii)), [{Fe(depe)2}(μ-η1:η1-N2)(Ln{N(SiMe3)2}2)], 1*-Ln (Ln = Sm(ii), Yb(ii)) and [{Fe(depe)2(μ-η1:η1-N2)}2{SmII{N(SiMe3)2}2}], 3 could be prepared. The synthetic method used here allowed to isolate unprecedented end-on bridging N2 complexes of divalent lanthanides which provide relevant structural models for the species involved in the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen by Fe/Sm(ii) systems. Computational studies showed an essentially electrostatic interaction of the end-on bridging N2 with both Ln(iii) and Ln(ii) complexes with the degree of N2 activation correlating with their Lewis acidity. In contrast, a back-bonding covalent contribution to the U(iii)-N2Fe bond was identified by computational studies. Computational studies also suggest that end-on binding of N2 to U(iii) and Ln(ii) complexes is favoured for the iron-bound N2 compared to free N2 due to the higher N2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - R A Keerthi Shivaraam
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse France
| | - Jesús Campos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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4
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Li K, Rajeshkumar T, Zhao Y, Wang T, Maron L, Zhu C. Temperature induced single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of uranium azide complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2966-2969. [PMID: 38376444 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00546e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The monomeric and dimeric uranium azide complexes {[(CH3)2NCH2CH2NPiPr2]2U(N3)2} (2) and {[(CH3)2NCH2CH2NPiPr2]2U(N3)2}2 (3) were synthesized by treating complex 1 with NaN3 at 60 and -20 °C, respectively. A temperature-induced single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of 3 to 2 was observed. The reduction of either 2 or 3 with KC8 yields a uranium nitride complex {[(CH3)2NCH2CH2NPiPr2]4U2(μ-N)2} (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Tianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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5
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Tricoire M, Jori N, Fadaei Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Z Ivković I, Natrajan LS, Mazzanti M. A trinuclear metallasilsesquioxane of uranium(III). Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:55-58. [PMID: 38015470 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05390c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The silsesquioxane ligand (iBu)7Si7O9(OH)3 (iBuPOSSH3) is revealed as an attractive system for the assembly of robust polynuclear complexes of uranium(III) and allowed the isolation of the first example of a trinuclear U(III) complex ([U3(iBuPOSS)3]) that exhibits magnetic communication and promotes dinitrogen reduction in the presence of reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nadir Jori
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- X-ray Diffraction and Surface Analytics Platform, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- X-ray Diffraction and Surface Analytics Platform, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Z Ivković
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Louise S Natrajan
- Centre for Radiochemistry Resesarch, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
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6
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Batov MS, Del Rosal I, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Multimetallic Uranium Nitride Cubane Clusters from Dinitrogen Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26435-26443. [PMID: 37991736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen cleavage provides an attractive but poorly studied route to the assembly of multimetallic nitride clusters. Here, we show that the monoelectron reduction of the dinitrogen complex [{U(OC6H2-But3-2,4,6)3}2(μ-η2:η2-N2)], 1, allows us to generate, for the first time, a uranium complex presenting a rare triply reduced N2 moiety ((μ-η2:η2-N2)•3-). Importantly, the bound dinitrogen can be further reduced, affording the U4N4 cubane cluster, 3, and the U6N6 edge-shared cubane cluster, 4, thus showing that (N2)•3- can be an intermediate in nitride formation. The tetranitride cluster showed high reactivity with electrophiles, yielding ammonia quantitatively upon acid addition and promoting CO cleavage to yield quantitative conversion of nitride into cyanide. These results show that dinitrogen reduction provides a versatile route for the assembly of large highly reactive nitride clusters, with U6N6 providing the first example of a molecular nitride of any metal formed from a complete cleavage of three N2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Batov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Jori N, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Dinitrogen cleavage by a dinuclear uranium(iii) complex. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13485-13494. [PMID: 38033909 PMCID: PMC10686047 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of multimetallic cooperativity and of alkali ion-binding in the second coordination sphere is important for the design of complexes that can promote dinitrogen (N2) cleavage and functionalization. Herein, we compare the reaction products and mechanism of N2 reduction of the previously reported K2-bound dinuclear uranium(iii) complex, [K2{[UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)}], B, with those of the analogous dinuclear uranium(iii) complexes, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][K{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-O)], 1, and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-O)], 2, where one or two K+ ions have been removed from the second coordination sphere by addition of 2.2.2-cryptand. In this study, we found that the complete removal of the K+ ions from the inner coordination sphere leads to an enhanced reducing ability, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry studies, of the resulting complex 2, and yields two new species upon N2 addition, namely the U(iii)/U(iv) complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}(μ-O){UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)3}], 3, and the N2 cleavage product, the bis-nitride, terminal-oxo complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3}(μ-N)2{UVI(OSi(OtBu)3)2(κ-O)}], 4. We propose that the formation of these two products involves a tetranuclear uranium-N2 intermediate that can only form in the absence of coordinated alkali ions, resulting in a six-electron transfer and cleavage of N2, demonstrating the possibility of a three-electron transfer from U(iii) to N2. These results give an insight into the relationship between alkali ion binding modes, multimetallic cooperativity and reactivity, and demonstrate how these parameters can be tuned to cleave and functionalize N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- X-Ray Diffraction and Surface Analytics Platform, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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8
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Keener M, Maria L, Mazzanti M. Progress in the chemistry of molecular actinide-nitride compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6493-6521. [PMID: 37350843 PMCID: PMC10283502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of actinide-nitrides has witnessed significant advances in the last ten years with a large focus on uranium and a few breakthroughs with thorium. Following the early discovery of the first terminal and bridging nitride complexes, various synthetic routes to uranium nitrides have since been identified, although the range of ligands capable of stabilizing uranium nitrides still remains scarce. In particular, both terminal- and bridging-nitrides possess attractive advantages for potential reactivity, especially in light of the recent development of uranium complexes for dinitrogen reduction and functionalization. The first molecular thorium bridged-nitride complexes have also been recently identified, anticipating the possibility of expanding nitride chemistry not only to low-valent thorium, but also to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 2695-066 Bobadela Portugal
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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