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Basuri P, Mukhopadhyay S, Reddy KSSVP, Unni K, Spoorthi BK, Shantha Kumar J, Yamijala SSRKC, Pradeep T. Spontaneous α-C-H Carboxylation of Ketones by Gaseous CO 2 at the Air-water Interface of Aqueous Microdroplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403229. [PMID: 38577991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
We present a catalyst-free route for the reduction of carbon dioxide integrated with the formation of a carbon-carbon bond at the air/water interface of negatively charged aqueous microdroplets, at ambient temperature. The reactions proceed through carbanion generation at the α-carbon of a ketone followed by nucleophilic addition to CO2. Online mass spectrometry reveals that the product is an α-ketoacid. Several factors, such as the concentration of the reagents, pressure of CO2 gas, and distance traveled by the droplets, control the kinetics of the reaction. Theoretical calculations suggest that water in the microdroplets facilitates this unusual chemistry. Furthermore, such a microdroplet strategy has been extended to seven different ketones. This work demonstrates a green pathway for the reduction of CO2 to useful carboxylated organic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sinchan Mukhopadhyay
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S S V Prasad Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keerthana Unni
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B K Spoorthi
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jenifer Shantha Kumar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharma S R K C Yamijala
- Centre for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, Centre for Molecular Materials and Functions, Centre for Quantum Information, Communication, and Computing, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Spoorthi BK, Debnath K, Basuri P, Nagar A, Waghmare UV, Pradeep T. Spontaneous weathering of natural minerals in charged water microdroplets forms nanomaterials. Science 2024; 384:1012-1017. [PMID: 38815034 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we show that particles of common minerals break down spontaneously to form nanoparticles in charged water microdroplets within milliseconds. We transformed micron-sized natural minerals like quartz and ruby into 5- to 10-nanometer particles when integrated into aqueous microdroplets generated via electrospray. We deposited the droplets on a substrate, which allowed nanoparticle characterization. We determined through simulations that quartz undergoes proton-induced slip, especially when reduced in size and exposed to an electric field. This leads to particle scission and the formation of silicate fragments, which we confirmed with mass spectrometry. This rapid weathering process may be important for soil formation, given the prevalence of charged aerosols in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Spoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Koyendrila Debnath
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Pallab Basuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ankit Nagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Umesh V Waghmare
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- International Centre for Clean Water, IIT Madras Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
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Cazorla A, Martín-Martín S, Delgado ÁV, Jiménez ML. Electro-optics of confined systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:52-60. [PMID: 38096679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Confinement in microenvironments occurs in many natural systems and technological applications. However, little is known about the behaviour of the immersed nanoparticles. In this work we show that their diffusion, electro-orientation and electric field induced polarization can be determined through electric birefringence experiments. We analyze aqueous dispersions of silver nanowires and clay particles confined inside microdroplets. We have observed that confinement reduces the amount of particles that can be oriented by the external electric field. However, the polarizability of the oriented particles is not affected by the presence of the oil/water boundary, and it is the same as in unbounded media, which agrees with the fact that the electric polarization and related phenomena are short-ranged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cazorla
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Sergio Martín-Martín
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ángel V Delgado
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - María L Jiménez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva sn, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Basuri P, Volmer DA. Detecting Early-Stage Intermediates of Free-Radical Oxidative Degradation in Charged Aqueous Microdroplets. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7612-7617. [PMID: 37648376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the detection of early-stage intermediates of spontaneous free-radical oxidation of organic pollutants such as aliphatic amino alcohols and diamines in charged aqueous microdroplets in the ambient atmosphere. We propose that the intrinsic formation of reactive oxygen species at the air-water interface is responsible for the radical oxidation of the sp3 carbon. We suggest that our work will aid the understanding of the degradation mechanisms of organic molecules in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Basuri P, Shantha Kumar J, Unni K, Manna S, Pradeep T. Aggregation of molecules is controlled in microdroplets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12657-12660. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04587g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy reveals the control of aggregation and de-aggregation of molecules in microdroplets, which is strikingly different from that in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Jenifer Shantha Kumar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Keerthana Unni
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sujan Manna
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- International Centre for Clean Water, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
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