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Reversal of Experimental Liver Damage after Transplantation of Stem-Derived Cells Detected by FTIR Spectroscopy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4585169. [PMID: 29445403 PMCID: PMC5763141 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4585169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of autologous BM-MSCs holds great potential for treating end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of transplanted rBM-MSCs and rBM-MSC-derived differentiated stem cells (rBM-MSC-DSCs) for suppression of dimethylnitrosamine-injured liver damage in rat model. Synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was applied to investigate changes in the macromolecular composition. Transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs into liver-injured rats restored their serum albumin level and significantly suppressed transaminase activity as well as the morphological manifestations of liver disease. The regenerative effects of rBM-MSC-DSCs were corroborated unequivocally by the phenotypic difference analysis between liver tissues revealed by infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic changes in the spectral region from 1190–970 cm−1 (bands with absorbance maxima at 1150 cm−1, 1081 cm−1, and 1026 cm−1) indicated decreased levels of carbohydrates, in rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted livers, compared with untreated and rBM-MSC--transplanted animals. Principal component analysis (PCA) of spectra acquired from liver tissue could readily discriminate rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted animals from the untreated and rBM-MSC-transplanted animals. We conclude that the transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs effectively treats liver disease in rats and SR-FTIR microspectroscopy provides important insights into the fundamental biochemical alterations induced by the stem-derived cell transplantation, including an objective “signature” of the regenerative effects of stem cell therapy upon liver injury.
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Nygård O, Hultin T. Non-involvement of nucleolytic activities in the early effect of dimethylnitrosamine on the content of free mRNA in mouse liver. Biochem J 1981; 194:475-80. [PMID: 6272731 PMCID: PMC1162771 DOI: 10.1042/bj1940475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. After dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) administration to mice, the content of poly(A)-containing RNA decreases rapidly in the postmicrosomal fraction of the liver. We report here that the loss of free mRNA is not a result of increased nucleolytic activity. On the contrary, a decreased activity of microsomal endonuclease, assayed by its effect on polyribosomal mRNA, was demonstrated already 15 min after the administration of DMNA at 37.5 mg/kg body wt. The loss of activity was more pronounced in the rough than in the smooth membranes. Total detergent-released microsomal nucleases, as assayed by use of labelled poly(U) as substrate, showed a less rapid decline. No corresponding increase in enzyme activities was observed in the postmicrosomal fraction. 2. The dimethylnitrosamine effect on the microsomal endonuclease was not accounted for by altered lysosomal contamination of the microsomal fraction. 3. No early effect of dimethylnitrosamine administration was found on the cytoplasmic ribonuclease inhibitor.
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Nygård O, Hultin T. Early effects of dimethylnitrosamine on the initiation of protein synthesis in mouse liver. Biochem J 1981; 194:469-74. [PMID: 6914198 PMCID: PMC1162770 DOI: 10.1042/bj1940469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. Dimethylnitrosamine (37.5 mg/kg body wt.) was administered to mice by a single intraperitoneal injection, and the early effects on protein synthesis and related functions were studied in a liver S-30 system. 2. The incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein decreased rapidly after dimethylnitrosamine administration. The effect was associated with a decreased ability of the system to utilize methionyl-tRNAfMet and formyl-methionyl-tRNAfMet for 80 S ribosomal initiation-complex formation (primary initiation), and a loss of poly(A)-containing RNA from the postmicrosomal fraction. All the three effects developed simultaneously, and were clearly demonstrable within 15 min. 3. Initiation-complex formation in the polyribosomal fraction (re-initiation) was decreased to the same extent as the primary initiation, indicating that the initiation defect was not a result of the decrease in free mRNA. 4. The inhibition of initiation was only manifest at the joining of the 40 S pre-initiation complex to 60 S ribosomal subunits. It was not a result of methionyl-tRNAfMet deacylation. The functions between the formation of the methionyl-tRNAfMet-containing 80 S ribosomal complex and the first translocation on the ribosome were not involved, since the incorporation of formylmethionine into N-terminal polypeptides decreased to the same extent as the 80 S initiation-complex formation. 5. Inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide and pactamycin) decreased poly(A)-containing RNA in the postmicrosomal fraction in a similar way to dimethylnitrosamine.
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Swann PF, Mace R. Changes in O6-methylguanine disappearance from rat liver DNA during chronic dimethylnitrosamine administration. A possible similarity between the system removing O6-methylguanine from DNA in rat liver and in Escherichia coli adapted to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Chem Biol Interact 1980; 31:239-45. [PMID: 6993029 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(80)90012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Galbraith A, Itzhaki RF. Studies on histones and non-histone proteins from rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine. Chem Biol Interact 1979; 28:309-22. [PMID: 95105 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(79)90171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A study has been made of the histone and non-histone chromosomal proteins of rat liver after treatment in vivo with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) (2 mg/kg). DMN was found not to affect histone turnover, as measured by 3H-labelled amino-acids incorporation. A decrease was observed in specific activity of the histones with time after injection of [14C]DMN or [14C]-formate and this was attributable to demethylation of both abnormal and normal methylation sites in these proteins. In the case of the non-histone proteins, DMN was found to increase greatly the turnover of those non-histone proteins loosely associated with chromatin DNA and RNA; turnover of those non-histone proteins tightly bound to chromatin DNA and RNA was unaffected. Demethylation of both normal and abnormal methylation sites was found to take place from both non-histone protein fractions. In the case of the loosely bound non-histone proteins a lower rate of demethylation was observed after DMN treatment.
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Hultin T, Eriksson B, Nygård O, Von der Decken A. RNA metabolism and poly(A) distribution in mouse liver following administration of dimethylnitrosamine. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 21:45-58. [PMID: 668022 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) strongly inhibited RNA synthesis in mouse liver under conditions when the nucleotide pattern, rate of nucleotide synthesis and phosphorylation ratio were unaffected. (An unidentified, probably non-nucleotide, component in the acid-soluble liver fraction was selectively reduced.) The inhibition of RNA synthesis was associated with a decrease in the RNA polymerase activity of isolated liver nuclei, well established already 45 min after DMNA administration. The reduced activity included both Mg2+- and Mn2+/(NH4)2SO4-stimulated polymerase functions. The inhibition in vivo involved the whole complement of RNA, including poly (A)-containing RNA and isolated poly(A) sequences. The transfer of labelled RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was not impaired. There was no detachment of poly(A)-containing RNA from the microsomes, and the proportion of tightly membrane-bound microsomal RNA and poly(A) sequences was not reduced as determined by use of a flotation technique. No breakage or shortening of the poly(A) chains was indicated by sedimentation analysis.
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8
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Nygård O, Hultin T. Activity of partially purified protein chain initiation factors from the livers of dimethylnitrosamine-treated rats. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 20:149-61. [PMID: 647838 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Partially purified polypeptide chain initiation factors were prepared from the 0.5 M KCl wash of rat liver microsomes. Their activities in connection with dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA)-induced inhibition of protein synthesis were studied by use of the following reactions: (1) poly(U)-directed binding of Phe-tRNA to ribosomes, (2) formation of a GTP-dependent ternary initiation complex with Met-tRNAf, (3) binding of Met-tRNAf to 40-S ribosomal subunits, (4) assembly of a Met-tRNAf containing 80-S ribosomal initiation complex and (5) ribosome-dependent GTPase activity. The inhibition of protein synthesis with DMNA was not associated with a loss of factor activity in any of these reactions. In the binding of Met-tRNAf to 40-S subunits there was a noticeable increase, probably related to the stability of the resulting complex. The Met-tRNA deacylase activity was also increased.
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9
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Gressner AM, Greiling H. The phosphorylation of rat liver ribosomes following administration of dimethylnitrosamine. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:2495-8. [PMID: 728203 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Pani P, Columbano A, Dessi S, Porcu M, Ledda GM, Diaz G. Effect of choline administration on the toxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine in female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1977; 42:613-6. [PMID: 601803 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-008x(77)80048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Murty CN, Verney E, Sidransky H. Acute effects of dimethylnitrosamine or ethionine on the activities of initiation factors and ribosomes in hepatic protein synthesis of rats. Exp Mol Pathol 1977; 27:392-402. [PMID: 200465 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(77)90009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Evarts RP, Brown CA. Effect of l-tryptophan on diethylnitrosamine and 3'-methyl-4-n-dimethylaminoazobenzene hepatocarcinogenesis. FOOD AND COSMETICS TOXICOLOGY 1977; 15:431-5. [PMID: 413769 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-6264(77)80008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Delpino A, Ferrini U. Mammalian mRNA translation of the liver ribosome subunits isolated from dimethylnitrosamine-treated mice. Eur J Cancer 1977; 13:773-4. [PMID: 598401 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(77)90064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Pegg AE. Formation and metabolism of alkylated nucleosides: possible role in carcinogenesis by nitroso compounds and alkylating agents. Adv Cancer Res 1977; 25:195-269. [PMID: 326002 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Pani P, Sanna A, Brigaglia MI, Columbano A, Congiu L. Early investigations on the effect of methyl mercuric chloride upon DMN-acute hepatotoxicity. EXPERIENTIA 1976; 32:1449-51. [PMID: 991994 DOI: 10.1007/bf01937427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute toxicity induced by DMN was partially prevented by previously administering methyl mercuric chloride (MMC), a chemical inhibitor of the drug metabolizing enzyme system (DMES). We have studied the early changes occurring during the course of DMN-intoxication, namely disaggregation of polysomal profiles and necrosis, evaluated morphologically and by the release of S-GPT.
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Abstract
Rats were treated with radioactive dimethylnitrosamine or methyl methanesulphonate and the alkylation of various RNA fractions was determined 4 h later. It was found that after administration of dimethylnitrosamine, hepatic messenger RNA (isolated by binding to oligo(dT)-cellulose) and nuclear RNA were alkylated slightly, but significantly less than ribosomal RNA. After treatment with methyl methanesulphonate nuclear RNA was alkylated to a greater extent than either messenger or ribosomal RNA. The implications of these findings with respect to the mechanism by which dimethylnitrosamine inhibits liver protein synthesis are discussed.
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17
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Nygård O, Hultin T. Protein chain initiation in vitro by liver cell components from DMNA-treated rats. Chem Biol Interact 1975; 11:589-98. [PMID: 1201618 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(75)90033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis in rat liver after dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) administration was studied at the level of peptide-chain initiation by use of initiation-dependent amino acid incorporating systems. Ribosomal monomers, poly(A)-concontaining loss of acticity due to the DMNA treatment. The poly(A) RNA from monosomes and polysomes, and crude initiation factors from microsomes were prepared 2 h after a single dose of DMNA (75 mg/kg), and their activities in the production of new protein chains determined under conditions of nearly linear response. Monosomes and crude initiation factors from DMNA-treated rats were at least as active as those from controls. Preparations of poly(A)-containing RNA had a consistently higher template activity when prepared from polysomes instead of monosomes. However, in neither case was there any ltaining RNA was methylated by DMNA to about the same extent as the 18S and 28S rRNA. The methylation was consistently somewhat higher in the RNA preparations from monosomes than in those from polysomes.
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18
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Stewart BW, Hicks RM, Magee PN. Acute biochemical and morphological effects of N-nitrosomorpholine in comparison to dimethyl- and diethylnitrosamine. Chem Biol Interact 1975; 11:413-29. [PMID: 1192549 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(75)90009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Some biochemical and ultrastructural changes induced in the livers of rats treated with N-nitrosomorpholine are described and compared with parallel observations in rats given dimethyl- or diethylnitrosamine. Hepatotoxic doses of the nitrosamines caused inhibition of incorporation of [14C]leucine into hepatic proteins, accompanied by progressive disaggregation of polysomes which paralleled the known time course of metabolism of each compound. Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and N-nitrosomorpholine (NM) inhibited incorporation of [14C]orotate into liver RNA but diethylnitrosamine (DEN) caused a slight stimulation of orotate incorporation. Electron microscopy revealed similar hepatic cytoplasmic changed induced by each nitrosamine, including dilation and degranulation of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent increase of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear changes differed with each compound, N-nitrosomorpholine having more marked effects than either dialkyl compound. The results are discussed with particular reference to the metabolism of N-nitrosomorpholine in the liver.
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20
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McLean AE, Day PA. The effect of diet on the toxicity of paracetamol and the safety of paracetamol-methionine mixtures. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24:37-42. [PMID: 1122260 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(75)90310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Hawks A, Hicks RM, Holsman JW, Magee PN. Morphological and biochemical effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 1-methylhydrazine in rats and mice. Br J Cancer 1974; 30:429-39. [PMID: 4469195 PMCID: PMC2009305 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1974.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Single toxic doses of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced mild centrilobular necrosis of the liver in rats and mice. Ultrastructural studies showed hepatic nuclear changes including nucleolar microsegregation and changes in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. 1-Methylhydrazine caused little morphological change in the liver. Tumours of the colon and kidney and also massive cystic hyperplasia of the liver were found in some of the rats and tumours of the anal margin and kidney in some of the mice, following single doses of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Incorporation of amino acids into rat liver proteins was inhibited by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, which also caused disaggregation of hepatic polysomes. No effects on hepatic protein synthesis by 1,1-dimethylhydrazine or 1-methylhydrazine were observed. Similarities between the effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, cycasin and dimethylnitrosamine are discussed.
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23
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Alonso A, Arnold HP. Stimulation of amino acids incorporation into rat liver nonhistone chromatin proteins after treatment with diethyl-nitrosamine. FEBS Lett 1974; 41:8-10. [PMID: 4854411 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Plapp FV, Hayes LC, Tilzer L, Chiga M. Dissociability and tRNA content of monosomes produced by dimethylnitrosamine and starvation. Nature 1974; 247:311-3. [PMID: 4818367 DOI: 10.1038/247311a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Abstract
1. The intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (100mg/kg) caused a partial inhibition of protein synthesis in several organs of the rat, the maximum effect occurring after 2-3h. 2. In the liver the inhibition of protein synthesis was paralleled by a marked disaggregation of polyribosomes and an increase in ribosome monomers and ribosomal subunits. No significant breakdown of polyribosomes was found in adult rat brains although N-methyl-N-nitrosourea inhibited cerebral and hepatic protein synthesis to a similar extent. In weanling rats N-methyl-N-nitrosourea caused a shift in the cerebral polyribosome profile similar to but less marked than that in rat liver. 3. Reaction of polyribosomal RNA with N-[(14)C]methyl-N-nitrosourea in vitro did not lead to a disaggregation of polyribosomes although the amounts of 7-methylguanine produced were up to twenty times higher than those found after administration of sublethal doses in vivo. 4. It was concluded that changes in the polyribosome profile induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea may reflect the mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis rather than being a direct consequence of the methylation of polyribosomal mRNA.
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Plapp FV, Chiga M. Dissociation of ribosomes produced by dimethylnitrosamine and lasiocarpine in mouse liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1973; 22:1681-2. [PMID: 4729814 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(73)90039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Delpino A, Ferrini U. On the functional state of rat liver ribosomes following administration of the carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine. Eur J Cancer 1973; 9:245-51. [PMID: 4778368 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(73)90089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Stewart BW. Effect of cycloheximide on dimethylnitrosamine-induced polyribosome disaggregation in rat liver. Chem Biol Interact 1973; 6:81-90. [PMID: 4698162 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(73)90074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Friedman MA, Millar GN, Epstein SS. Acute dose dependent inhibition of liver nuclear RNA synthesis and methylation of guanine following oral administration of sodium nitrite and dimethylamine to mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1080/00207237308709566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Hendy R, Grasso P. Autophagy in acute liver damage produced in the rat by dimethylnitrosamine. Chem Biol Interact 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(72)90077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Kleihues P. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced changes in the labeling by ( 14 C)orotate of RNA and acid-soluble fractions in rat kidney and liver. Chem Biol Interact 1972; 5:309-15. [PMID: 4643764 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(72)90070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Craddock VM. Reactivity of selenomethionine in nucleic acid methylase reactions in the rat. Chem Biol Interact 1972; 5:207-11. [PMID: 5047753 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(72)90056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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33
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Friedman MA, Millar G, Sengupta M, Epstein S. Inhibition of mouse liver protein and nuclear RNA synthesis following combined oral treatment with sodium nitrite and dimethylamine or methylbenzylamine. EXPERIENTIA 1972; 28:21-3. [PMID: 5013051 DOI: 10.1007/bf01928238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Plapp FV, Chiga M. Disaggregation of mouse liver polysomes by cyclophosphamide. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1972; 272:351-3. [PMID: 4258618 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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36
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Shooter KV, Edwards PA, Lawley PD. The action of mono- and di-functional sulphur mustards on the ribonucleic acid-containing bacteriophage mu2. Biochem J 1971; 125:829-40. [PMID: 5145907 PMCID: PMC1178188 DOI: 10.1042/bj1250829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage mu2 is inactivated by both mono- and di-functional sulphur mustards at relatively low extents of alkylation. No degradation of alkylated RNA was detected. Cross-linking of RNA to protein was observed with the difunctional agent, but this reaction was only a minor contribution to the inactivation. Analyses of the reaction products in bacteriophage RNA showed that, at the mean lethal doses, more than one mono-alkylation of guanine had occurred but the sum total of other types of RNA alkylation was close to a single event. The results therefore suggest that inactivation results from the mono-alkylation of adenine or cytosine. In experiments with the difunctional agent cross-linking of RNA bases or of RNA to protein also prevented replication, the existence of these reactions accounting for the greater sensitivity of the bacteriophage to this agent.
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37
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Stewart BW, Magee PN. Effect of a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine on biosynthesis of nucleic acid and protein in rat liver and kidney. Biochem J 1971; 125:943-52. [PMID: 5144259 PMCID: PMC1178255 DOI: 10.1042/bj1250943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
1. Administration of a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine to rats temporarily fed on a protein-deficient diet causes a high incidence of kidney tumours. The effect of such a dose of dimethylnitrosamine (40mg/kg body wt.) on metabolism of nucleic acids and protein in rat liver and kidneys was examined during the week immediately after administration. 2. Incorporation of [(14)C]leucine and [(14)C]orotate into hepatic macromolecules was inhibited within 5h of injection of dimethylnitrosamine, and did not recover for at least 5 days. Interpretation of these results is complicated by the concomitant extensive hepatic necrosis. 3. Renal RNA synthesis was assayed by incorporation of [(14)C]orotate in vivo and measurement of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in vitro. Both systems indicate biphasic inhibition; minimal activity was recorded 9h and 3 days after treatment. Changes in incorporation of [(14)C]leucine into renal protein were similar but less marked. 4. Sucrose-density-gradient analysis of renal cytoplasmic RNA indicated increased synthesis of rRNA 24h after injection of the nitrosamine. The rate of loss of radioactivity from kidney ribosomes pre-labelled with [(14)C]orotate was not modified by dimethylnitrosamine. 5. Dimethylnitrosamine increased incorporation of [(3)H]-thymidine into renal DNA. The three distinct periods of stimulated synthesis observed are discussed, with particular reference to recently published morphological studies of the sequential development of kidney tumours induced by dimethylnitrosamine in protein-depleted rats.
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38
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Lundeen PB, Banks GS, Ruddon RW. Effects of the carcinogen methylazoxymethanol acetate on protein synthesis and drug metaboliism in rat livers. Biochem Pharmacol 1971; 20:2522-7. [PMID: 5163160 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(71)90257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Hultin T. The early interference of liver carcinogens with protein synthesis and its possible bearing on the problem of tumor induction. Biochem Pharmacol 1971; 20:1009-17. [PMID: 5158928 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(71)90326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lawley PD, Shooter KV, House WL, Shah SA. Methylation of mu2 bacteriophage ribonucleic acid by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea: evidence for O-methylation. Biochem J 1971; 122:22P. [PMID: 5124791 PMCID: PMC1176727 DOI: 10.1042/bj1220022pb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hennig W, Kunz W, Petersen K, Schnieders B, Krüger FW. [Characterization of liver ribonucleic acid methylated by dimethylnitrosamine in vivo]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREBSFORSCHUNG UND KLINISCHE ONKOLOGIE. CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1971; 76:167-80. [PMID: 4256191 DOI: 10.1007/bf00303562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Craddock VM. Methylation of transfer RNA and of ribosomal RNA in rat liver in the intact animal and the effect of carcinogens. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 195:351-69. [PMID: 4312611 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
MESH Headings
- Aflatoxins/pharmacology
- Animals
- Carbon Isotopes
- Carcinogens/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Chromatography, Paper
- Ethionine/pharmacology
- Female
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Methionine/metabolism
- Methylation
- Models, Biological
- Models, Chemical
- Nitrosamines/pharmacology
- Nucleotides/metabolism
- Perchlorates
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Purinones/urine
- RNA/biosynthesis
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer/biosynthesis
- RNA, Transfer/isolation & purification
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- Rats
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Stimulation, Chemical
- Time Factors
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Fishbein L, Falk HL. Chromatography of alkylating agents. II. Nitrosamines, epoxides, lactones, methanesulfonates and miscellaneous derivatives. CHROMATOGRAPHIC REVIEWS 1969; 11:365-455. [PMID: 4898974 DOI: 10.1016/0009-5907(69)80007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Craddock VM. Stability of deoxyribonucleic acid methylated in the intact animal by administration of dimethylnitrosamine. Rate of breakdown in vivo and in vitro at different dosages. Biochem J 1969; 111:497-502. [PMID: 5774474 PMCID: PMC1187569 DOI: 10.1042/bj1110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of administration of various dosages of dimethylnitrosamine on the extent of methylation of liver and kidney nucleic acids in the intact rat was studied. Methylation of liver nucleic acids was linearly related to the dosage, but decreasing the dose produced relatively less lowering of the extent of alkylation of kidney nucleic acids. 2. The rates of disappearance of 7-methylguanine from DNA during the 2 days after administration of dimethylnitrosamine in the intact animal and on incubation under simulated physiological conditions in vitro were compared. At a high dosage this rate was greater in vivo than in vitro. At a low dosage the small difference between the two rates was not thought to be sufficient evidence for existence of a specific enzymic excision of the abnormal base.
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Swann PF, Magee PN. Nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. The alklylation of nucleic acids of the rat by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, dimethylnitrosamine, dimethyl sulphate and methyl methanesulphonate. Biochem J 1968; 110:39-47. [PMID: 5722690 PMCID: PMC1187106 DOI: 10.1042/bj1100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. N[(14)C]-Methyl-N-nitrosourea, [(14)C]dimethylnitrosamine, [(14)C]dimethyl sulphate and [(14)C]methyl methanesulphonate were injected into rats, and nucleic acids were isolated from several organs after various time-intervals. Radioactivity was detected in DNA and RNA, partly in major base components and partly as the methylated base, 7-methylguanine. 2. No 7-methylguanine was detected in liver DNA from normal untreated rats. 3. The specific radioactivity of 7-methylguanine isolated from DNA prepared from rats treated with [(14)C]dimethylnitrosamine was virtually the same as that of the dimethylnitrosamine injected. 4. The degree of methylation of RNA and DNA produced in various organs by each compound was determined, and expressed as a percentage of guanine residues converted into 7-methylguanine. With dimethylnitrosamine both nucleic acids were considerably more highly methylated in the liver (RNA, about 1% of guanine residues methylated; DNA, about 0.6% of guanine residues methylated) than in the other organs. Kidney nucleic acids were methylated to about one-tenth of the extent of those in the liver, lung showed slightly lower values and the other organs only very low values. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea methylated nucleic acids to about the same extent in all the organs studied, the amount being about the same as that in the kidney after treatment with dimethylnitrosamine. In each case the RNA was more highly methylated than the DNA. Methyl methanesulphonate methylated the nucleic acids in several organs to about the same extent as N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, but the DNA was more highly methylated than the RNA. Dimethyl sulphate, even in toxic doses, gave considerably less methylation than N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in all the organs studied, the greatest methylation being in the brain. 5. The rate of removal of 7-methylguanine from DNA of kidneys from rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine was compared with the rate after treatment of rats with methyl methanesulphonate. No striking difference was found. 6. The results are discussed in connexion with the organ distribution of tumours induced by the compounds under study and in relation to the possible importance of alkylation of cellular components for the induction of cancer.
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Villa-Treviño S, Leaver DD. Effects of the hepatotoxic agents retrorsine and aflatoxin B1 on hepatic protein synthesis in the rat. Biochem J 1968; 109:87-91. [PMID: 5669852 PMCID: PMC1186756 DOI: 10.1042/bj1090087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. Aflatoxin and the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine inhibited the incorporation of labelled amino acids into rat liver and plasma proteins in vivo. Inhibition was greater and detected earlier with retrorsine (1hr.) than with aflatoxin (3hr.). 2. Both toxins affected the liver ribosomal aggregates, causing increases in the proportion of monomers plus dimers. The effect of retrorsine was greater than that of aflatoxin. 3. Incorporation of labelled amino acids into proteins of cell-free preparations of liver from rats treated with aflatoxin was lower than in control preparations. The main site of inhibition appeared to be the ribosomes. 4. Both toxins inhibited the incorporation of orotate into liver nuclear RNA 1hr. after administration.
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Abstract
1. The effects of various doses of dimethylnitrosamine on the hydrocortisone induction of tryptophan pyrrolase were studied. A single LD(50) dose of dimethylnitrosamine inhibits the synthesis of the enzyme if given within the first 5hr. of the induction. A quarter of this dose also inhibits the synthesis of the enzyme, but, in addition, retards the rate of decay of the enzyme. 2. A single small dose of dimethylnitrosamine significantly inhibits the hydrocortisone induction of tryptophan pyrrolase for at least 14 days without causing widespread damage to liver substructure. 3. The inhibition by dimethylnitrosamine of induced tryptophan pyrrolase synthesis is probably independent of any action of the toxin on the synthesis of cofactors necessary for full expression of the enzyme's activity. Dimethylnitrosamine appears to act directly on the synthesis of the enzyme protein. 4. The synthesis of that form of the enzyme which is most sensitive to hydrocortisone is apparently also most susceptible to the action of dimethylnitrosamine. 5. It is suggested that the inhibition of protein synthesis by dimethylnitrosamine may be a result of methylation of messenger RNA, which then is unable to code effectively for amino acid polymerization.
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