1
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Neoh GKS, Tan X, Chen S, Roura E, Dong X, Gilbert RG. Glycogen metabolism and structure: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122631. [PMID: 39245499 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a glucose polymer that plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by functioning as a short-term energy storage reservoir in animals and bacteria. Abnormalities in its metabolism and structure can cause several problems, including diabetes, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) and muscular disorders. Defects in the enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis or breakdown, resulting in either excessive accumulation or insufficient availability of glycogen in cells seem to account for the most common pathogenesis. This review discusses glycogen metabolism and structure, including molecular architecture, branching dynamics, and the role of associated components within the granules. The review also discusses GSD type XV and Lafora disease, illustrating the broader implications of aberrant glycogen metabolism and structure. These conditions also impart information on important regulatory mechanisms of glycogen, which hint at potential therapeutic targets. Knowledge gaps and potential future research directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galex K S Neoh
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xinle Tan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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2
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Li M, Liu X, Li J, Guo H, Xue S, Zhu L, Ma C, Chen D, Wang H, Cai Y, Shen J. Brain glycogen: A key to revealing the pathology of mental diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1844:149194. [PMID: 39182899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Brain glycogen, which is distinct from muscle glycogen and liver glycogen, has become a crucial node linking metabolism, epigenetics, and autophagy. Recent studies have suggested that brain glycogen governs multiple neurobehavioral processes, such as memory formation and consolidation. However, the changes in brain glycogen levels in mental diseases and the associations of these changes with the disease prognosis are unknown. Here, we review the psychological functions of brain glycogen and the different characteristics of astrocytic glycogen and neuronal glycogen. In addition, we summarize the alterations in brain glycogen levels in depression, schizophrenia and sleep disorders, highlighting that brain glycogen functions as an important metabolite responsible for the development of mental diseases. In summary, brain glycogen is a key to understanding the pathology of mental diseases and deserves more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Graduate School, Xi׳an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Graduate School, Xi׳an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhui Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiangpei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Adler I, Kotta J, Robal M, Humayun S, Vene K, Tuvikene R. Valorization of Baltic Sea farmed blue mussels: Chemical profiling and prebiotic potential for nutraceutical and functional food development. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101736. [PMID: 39253010 PMCID: PMC11381619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe eutrophication of the Baltic Sea requires mussel (Mytilus spp.) farming to remove nutrients, but farming in a low salinity environment results in smaller mussels that require value enhancement to be economically viable. This study evaluates the biomass valorisation of smaller Baltic mussels, focusing on the extraction of oil, protein and glycogen. It analyses the amino acid profiles, oil and fatty acid contents and glycogen levels of the mussels, as well as their prebiotic properties on beneficial gut bacteria. In addition, the study improves the extraction of bioactive compounds through enzymatic hydrolysis. Results indicate significant seasonal differences, with summer mussels having higher meat and lower ash content, and a rich content of essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3, and amino acids, underscoring the mussels' sustainability as a food source. The enzymatically treated biomass exhibited notable prebiotic activity, proposing health-promoting benefits. The study underscores the valorization of Baltic mussel biomass, highlighting its role in health, nutrition, and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Adler
- Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Robal
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sanjida Humayun
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Vene
- Tallinn University of Technology, School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rando Tuvikene
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
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4
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Ma ZW, Mou JY, Yuan Q, Wang ZY, Liu QH, Deng B, Zhang YD, Tang DQ, Wang L. Molecular exploration of the diurnal alteration of glycogen structural fragility and stability in time-restricted-feeding mouse liver. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134225. [PMID: 39074710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The structure of glycogen α particles in healthy mouse liver has two states: stability and fragility. In contrast, glycogen α particles in diabetic liver present consistent fragility, which may exacerbate hyperglycemia. Currently, the molecular mechanism behind glycogen structural alteration is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the fine molecular structure of liver glycogen α particles in healthy mice under time-restricted feeding (TRF) mode during a 24-h cycle. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver during daytime and nighttime were revealed via transcriptomics, which identified that the key downregulated DEGs were mainly related to insulin secretion in daytime. Furthermore, GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment found that negative regulation of the glycogen catabolic process and insulin secretion process were significantly downregulated in the daytime. Therefore, transcriptomic analyses indicated that the structural stability of glycogen α particles might be correlated with the glycogen degradation process via insulin secretion downregulation. Further molecular experiments confirmed the significant upregulation of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), phosphorylated PYGL (p-PYGL), and glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL) at the protein level during the daytime. Overall, we concluded that the downregulation of insulin secretion in the daytime under TRF mode facilitated glycogenolysis, contributing to the structural stability of glycogen α-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Wen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jing-Yi Mou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
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5
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Colpaert M, Singh PK, Donohue KJ, Pires NT, Fuller DD, Corti M, Byrne BJ, Sun RC, Vander Kooi CW, Gentry MS. Neurological glycogen storage diseases and emerging therapeutics. Neurotherapeutics 2024:e00446. [PMID: 39277505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) comprise a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by defects in glycogen metabolism, leading to abnormal glycogen accumulation in multiple tissues, most notably affecting the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. Recent findings have uncovered the importance of glycogen metabolism in the brain, sustaining a myriad of physiological functions and linking its perturbation to central nervous system (CNS) pathology. This link resulted in classification of neurological-GSDs (n-GSDs), a group of diseases with shared deficits in neurological glycogen metabolism. The n-GSD patients exhibit a spectrum of clinical presentations with common etiology while requiring tailored therapeutic approaches from the traditional GSDs. Recent research has elucidated the genetic and biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiological basis underlying different n-GSDs. Further, the last decade has witnessed some promising developments in novel therapeutic approaches, including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), substrate reduction therapy (SRT), small molecule drugs, and gene therapy targeting key aspects of glycogen metabolism in specific n-GSDs. This preclinical progress has generated noticeable success in potentially modifying disease course and improving clinical outcomes in patients. Herein, we provide an overview of current perspectives on n-GSDs, emphasizing recent advances in understanding their molecular basis, therapeutic developments, underscore key challenges and the need to deepen our understanding of n-GSDs pathogenesis to develop better therapeutic strategies that could offer improved treatment and sustainable benefits to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Colpaert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David D Fuller
- Department of Physical Therapy and Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research (CASBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research (CASBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research (CASBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Fernandes MGF, Pernin F, Antel JP, Kennedy TE. From BBB to PPP: Bioenergetic requirements and challenges for oligodendrocytes in health and disease. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39253904 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Mature myelinating oligodendrocytes, the cells that produce the myelin sheath that insulates axons in the central nervous system, have distinct energetic and metabolic requirements compared to neurons. Neurons require substantial energy to execute action potentials, while the energy needs of oligodendrocytes are directed toward building the lipid-rich components of myelin and supporting neuronal metabolism by transferring glycolytic products to axons as additional fuel. The utilization of energy metabolites in the brain parenchyma is tightly regulated to meet the needs of different cell types. Disruption of the supply of metabolites can lead to stress and oligodendrocyte injury, contributing to various neurological disorders, including some demyelinating diseases. Understanding the physiological properties, structures, and mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte energy metabolism, as well as the relationship between oligodendrocytes and neighboring cells, is crucial to investigate the underlying pathophysiology caused by metabolic impairment in these disorders. In this review, we describe the particular physiological properties of oligodendrocyte energy metabolism and the response of oligodendrocytes to metabolic stress. We delineate the relationship between oligodendrocytes and other cells in the context of the neurovascular unit, and the regulation of metabolite supply according to energetic needs. We focus on the specific bioenergetic requirements of oligodendrocytes and address the disruption of metabolic energy in demyelinating diseases. We encourage further studies to increase understanding of the significance of metabolic stress on oligodendrocyte injury, to support the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Guilherme Forestieri Fernandes
- Neuroimmunological Diseases and Glia Biology Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunological Diseases and Glia Biology Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunological Diseases and Glia Biology Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunological Diseases and Glia Biology Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Valzania L, Alami A, Léopold P. A temporal allocation of amino acid resources ensures fitness and body allometry in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2277-2286.e6. [PMID: 38851190 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Organisms have evolved strategies to store resources and overcome periods of low or no nutrient access, including transient shortages or longer non-feeding developmental transitions. Holometabolous insects like Drosophila represent an attractive model to study resource allocation during development because they alternate feeding and non-feeding periods. Amino acids are essential components for tissue growth and renewal, but the strategies used for their storage remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the molecular mechanisms for the temporal production, accumulation, and use of specific storage proteins called hexamerins, and demonstrate their role in ensuring tissue formation and adult fitness. Moreover, we show that preventing hexamerin stores enhances the growth of early-developing organs while compromising the emergence of late-forming ones, consequently altering body allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valzania
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Aya Alami
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Léopold
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, UPMC Paris-Sorbonne, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
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8
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Ríos E, Samsó M, Figueroa LC, Manno C, Tammineni ER, Rios Giordano L, Riazi S. Artificial intelligence approaches to the volumetric quantification of glycogen granules in EM images of human tissue. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202413595. [PMID: 38980209 PMCID: PMC11233403 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202413595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the major processor of dietary glucose, stores it in myriad glycogen granules. Their numbers vary with cellular location and physiological and pathophysiological states. AI models were developed to derive granular glycogen content from electron-microscopic images of human muscle. Two UNet-type semantic segmentation models were built: "Locations" classified pixels as belonging to different regions in the cell; "Granules" identified pixels within granules. From their joint output, a pixel fraction pf was calculated for images from patients positive (MHS) or negative (MHN) to a test for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. pf was used to derive vf, the volume fraction occupied by granules. The relationship vf (pf) was derived from a simulation of volumes ("baskets") containing virtual granules at realistic concentrations. The simulated granules had diameters matching the real ones, which were measured by adapting a utility devised for calcium sparks. Applying this relationship to the pf measured in images, vf was calculated for every region and patient, and from them a glycogen concentration. The intermyofibrillar spaces and the sarcomeric I band had the highest granular content. The measured glycogen concentration was low enough to allow for a substantial presence of non-granular glycogen. The MHS samples had an approximately threefold lower concentration (significant in a hierarchical test), consistent with earlier evidence of diminished glucose processing in MHS. The AI models and the approach to infer three-dimensional magnitudes from two-dimensional images should be adaptable to other tasks on a variety of images from patients and animal models and different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ríos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Montserrat Samsó
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lourdes C Figueroa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlo Manno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eshwar R Tammineni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sheila Riazi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Akiki P, Delamotte P, Montagne J. Lipid Metabolism in Relation to Carbohydrate Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39192070 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates and lipids integrate into a complex metabolic network that is essential to maintain homeostasis. In insects, as in most metazoans, dietary carbohydrates are taken up as monosaccharides whose excess is toxic, even at relatively low concentrations. To cope with this toxicity, monosaccharides are stored either as glycogen or neutral lipids, the latter constituting a quasi-unlimited energy store. Breakdown of these stores in response to energy demand depends on insect species and on several physiological parameters. In this chapter, we review the multiple metabolic pathways and strategies linking carbohydrates and lipids that insects utilize to respond to nutrient availability, food scarcity or physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Akiki
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Delamotte
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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10
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Waterman HL, Moore MC, Smith MS, Farmer B, Scott M, Edgerton DS, Cherrington AD. Duration of Morning Hyperinsulinemia Determines Hepatic Glucose Uptake and Glycogen Storage Later in the Day. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593551. [PMID: 38798653 PMCID: PMC11118521 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The second meal phenomenon refers to the improvement in glucose tolerance seen following a second identical meal. We previously showed that 4 hours of morning hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, enhanced hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) and glycogen storage during an afternoon hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic (HIHG) clamp. Our current aim was to determine if the duration or pattern of morning hyperinsulinemia is important for the afternoon response to a HIHG clamp. To determine this, we administered the same total amount of insulin either over 2h in the first (Ins2h-A) or second (Ins2h-B) half of the morning, or over the entire 4h (Ins4h) of the morning. In the 4h afternoon period, all three groups had 4x-basal insulin, 2x-basal glycemia, and portal glucose infusion to expose the liver to the primary postprandial regulators of hepatic glucose metabolism. During the afternoon clamp, there was a marked increase in HGU and hepatic glycogen synthesis in the Ins4h group compared to the Ins2h-A and Ins2h-B groups, despite matched hepatic glucose loads and total insulin infusion rates. Thus, the longer duration (Ins4h) of lower hyperinsulinemia in the morning seems to be the key to much greater liver glucose uptake during the afternoon clamp. New and noteworthy Morning insulin exposure primes the liver for increased hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen storage during a subsequent hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp. This study addressed whether the pattern and/or duration of insulin delivery in the morning influences insulin's ensuing priming effect. We found that despite receiving equal total doses of insulin in the morning, a prolonged, lower rate of morning insulin delivery improved afternoon liver glucose metabolism more effectively than a shorter, higher rate of delivery.
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11
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Xie X, Gao M, Wang H, Zhang M, Zhao W, Li C, Zhang W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chen E, Guo Y, Guo Z, Ngowi EE, Wang X, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Yao H, Yan L, Fang F, Li M, Qiao A, Liu X. LncRNA-Snhg3 regulates mouse hepatic glycogenesis under normal chow diet. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23880. [PMID: 39132919 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401064r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with glucose homeostasis, but their roles remain largely unknown. In this study, the potential role of lncRNA-Snhg3 in glucose metabolism was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we found a positive relationship between Snhg3 and hepatic glycogenesis. Glucose tolerance improved in hepatocyte-specific Snhg3 knock-in (Snhg3-HKI) mice, while it worsened in hepatocyte-specific Snhg3 knockout (Snhg3-HKO) mice. Furthermore, hepatic glycogenesis had shown remarkable increase in Snhg3-HKI mice and reduction in Snhg3-HKO mice, respectively. Mechanistically, Snhg3 increased mRNA and protein expression levels of PPP1R3B through inducing chromatin remodeling and promoting the phosphorylation of protein kinase B. Collectively, these results suggested that lncRNA-Snhg3 plays a critical role in hepatic glycogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minglong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Enhui Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghan Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Liu X, Gilbert RG. Normal and abnormal glycogen structure - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122195. [PMID: 38763710 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen, a complex branched glucose polymer, is found in animals and bacteria, where it serves as an energy storage molecule. It has linear (1 → 4)-α glycosidic bonds between anhydroglucose monomer units, with branch points connected by (1 → 6)-α bonds. Individual glycogen molecules are referred to as β particles. In organs like the liver and heart, these β particles can bind into larger aggregate α particles, which exhibit a rosette-like morphology. The mechanisms and bonding underlying the aggregation process are not fully understood. For example, mammalian liver glycogen has been observed to be molecularly fragile under certain conditions, such as glycogen from diabetic livers fragmenting when exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while glycogen from healthy livers is much less fragile; this indicates some difference, as yet unknown, in the bonding between β particles in healthy and diabetic glycogen. This fragility may have implications for blood sugar regulation, especially in pathological conditions such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovations (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovations (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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13
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Naghdi A, Oska N, Yumnamcha T, Eltanani S, Shawky M, Me R, Ibrahim AS. The significance of upper glycolytic components in regulating retinal pigment epithelial cellular behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18862. [PMID: 39143171 PMCID: PMC11324787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and its natural outcome of cell spreading, along with the maintenance of barrier activity, are essential behaviors of epithelial cells, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Disruptions in these characteristics can result in severe vision-threatening diseases such as diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how RPE cells regulate their barrier integrity and cell spreading are not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the relative importance of upper glycolytic components in governing these cellular behaviors of RPE cells. Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) technology was utilized to assess in real-time the effects of targeting various upper glycolytic enzymes on RPE barrier function and cell spreading by measuring cell resistance and capacitance, respectively. Specific inhibitors used included WZB117 for Glut1 inhibition, Lonidamine for Hexokinase inhibition, PFK158 for PFKFB3/PFK axis inhibition, and TDZD-8 for Aldolase inhibition. Additionally, the viability of RPE cells was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. The most significant decrease in electrical resistance and increase in capacitance of RPE cells were observed due to dose-dependent inhibition of Glut1 using WZB117, as well as Aldolase inhibition with TDZD-8. LDH level analysis at 24-72 h post-treatment with WZB117 (1 and 10 μM) or TDZD-8 (1 μM) showed no significant difference compared to the control, indicating that the disruption of RPE functionality was not attributed to cell death. Lastly, inhibition of other upper glycolytic components, including PFKFB3/PFK with PFK158 or Hexokinase with Lonidamine, did not significantly affect RPE cell behavior. This study provides insights into the varied roles of upper glycolytic components in regulating the functionality of RPE cells. Specifically, it highlights the critical roles of Glut1 and Aldolase in preserving barrier integrity and promoting RPE cell adhesion and spreading. Such understanding will guide the development of safe interventions to treat RPE cell dysfunction in various retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaan Naghdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nicole Oska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shaimaa Eltanani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta City, Egypt
| | - Rao Me
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (Room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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14
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Sun Y, Zhao D, Song Q, Cong T, Li L, Wu H, Xiao Z. NMT2 alleviates depression-like behavior in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress: An integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:119-128. [PMID: 38852542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Proteomics has been widely used to investigate multiple diseases. Combining the analyses of proteomics with phosphoproteomics can be used to further explain the pathological mechanisms of depression. In this study, depression-like behavior was induced in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). We subsequently conducted the sucrose preference test, open field experiment, and forced swimming test to assess depressive-like behavior. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic sequencing of the hippocampal tissues from depressive-like behavior and normal rats were analyzed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs). Differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins (DEPPs) were obtained by intersecting the DEPs and DPPs, and functional enrichment analysis, as well as ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), were subsequently performed. The study also investigated correlations among the DEPPs and used qRT-PCR to quantify the expression levels of key genes. Five DEPPs were identified, Gys1, Nmt2, Lrp1, Bin1, and Atp1a1, which were found to activate the synaptogenesis signaling pathway, induce mitochondrial dysfunction, and activate the phosphoinositide biosynthesis and degradation pathways. The qRT-PCR results confirmed the proteomic findings for Gys1, Nmt2, Lrp1, and Atp1a1. Importantly, inhibiting Nmt2 was found to alleviate depression-like behavior and alleviate neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of CUMS rats. In conclusion, we identified five DEPPs associated with the synaptogenesis signaling pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, and phosphoinositide biosynthesis and degradation in depression. Furthermore, NMT2 may be a potential target for the treatment or diagnosis of depression. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Danmei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Qiuyan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Ting Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
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15
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Leippe D, Choy R, Vidugiris G, Merritt H, Mellem KT, Beattie DT, Ullman JC, Vidugiriene J. Bioluminescent Assay for the Quantification of Cellular Glycogen Levels. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33072-33080. [PMID: 39100309 PMCID: PMC11292620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a large polymer of glucose that functions as an important means of storing energy and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Glycogen synthesis and degradation pathways are highly regulated and their dysregulation can contribute to disease. Glycogen storage diseases are a set of disorders that arise from improper glycogen metabolism. Glycogen storage disease II, known as Pompe disease, is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to increased glycogen storage in cells and tissues, resulting in progressive muscle atrophy and respiratory decline for patients. One approach for treating Pompe disease is to reduce glycogen levels by interfering with the glycogen synthesis pathway through glycogen synthase inhibitors. To facilitate the study of glycogen synthase inhibitors in biological samples, such as cultured cells, a high-throughput approach for measuring cellular glycogen was developed. A bioluminescent glycogen detection assay was automated and used to measure the glycogen content in cells grown in 384-well plates. The assay successfully quantified reduced glycogen stores in cells treated with a series of glycogen synthase 1 inhibitors, validating the utility of the assay for drug screening efforts and demonstrating its value for therapy development and glycogen metabolism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Leippe
- Research
and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Rebeca Choy
- Maze
Therapeutics, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gediminas Vidugiris
- Research
and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Hanne Merritt
- Maze
Therapeutics, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin T. Mellem
- Maze
Therapeutics, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David T. Beattie
- Maze
Therapeutics, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julie C. Ullman
- Maze
Therapeutics, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jolanta Vidugiriene
- Research
and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
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16
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Sahay S, Pulvender P, Rami Reddy MVSR, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Metabolic Insights into Neuropsychiatric Illnesses and Ketogenic Therapies: A Transcriptomic View. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8266. [PMID: 39125835 PMCID: PMC11312282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of brain energy metabolism, leading to alterations in synaptic signaling, neural circuitry, and neuroplasticity, has been implicated in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The therapeutic potential of ketogenic interventions in these disorders suggests a link between metabolic disturbances and disease pathology; however, the precise mechanisms underlying these metabolic disturbances, and the therapeutic effects of metabolic ketogenic therapy, remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an in silico analysis of transcriptomic data to investigate perturbations in metabolic pathways in the brain across severe mental illnesses via gene expression profiling. We also examined dysregulation of the same pathways in rodent or cell culture models of ketosis, comparing these expression profiles to those observed in the disease states. Our analysis revealed significant perturbations across all metabolic pathways, with the greatest perturbations in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain (ETC) across all three disorders. Additionally, we observed some discordant gene expression patterns between disease states and ketogenic intervention studies, suggesting a potential role for ketone bodies in modulating pathogenic metabolic changes. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding metabolic dysregulation in severe mental illnesses and the potential therapeutic benefits of ketogenic interventions in restoring metabolic homeostasis. This study provides insights into the complex relationship between metabolism and neuropsychiatric disorders and lays the foundation for further experimental investigations aimed at appreciating the implications of the present transcriptomic findings as well as developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Priyanka Pulvender
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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17
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Lu D, Yao D, Hu G, Zhou J, Shen X, Qian L. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during lactation improves exercise performance, enhances intestinal glucose absorption and modulates gut microbiota in weaning offspring mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1423576. [PMID: 39036494 PMCID: PMC11258037 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1423576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal dysfunction induced by weaning stress is common during breastfeeding period. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is well known for promoting visual and brain development, but its effects on early intestinal development remain unknown. This study investigated the impact of maternal DHA supplementation during lactation on intestinal glucose absorption and gut microbiota in weaning offspring mice. Materials and methods Dams were supplemented with vehicle (control), 150 mg/(kg body weight · day) DHA (L-DHA), or 450 mg/(kg body weight · day) DHA (H-DHA) throughout lactation by oral administration. After weaning, pups were randomly divided into three groups for athletic analysis, microbial and proteomic analysis, biochemical analysis, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose (4-FDG) absorption test, and gene expression quantitation of glucose transport-associated proteins and mTOR signaling components. Results The H-DHA group exhibited enhanced grip strength and prolonged swimming duration compared to the control group. Additionally, there were significant increases in jejunal and ileal villus height, and expanded surface area of jejunal villi in the H-DHA group. Microbial analyses revealed that maternal DHA intake increased the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and promoted metabolic pathways linked to carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Proteomic studies indicated an increased abundance of nutrient transport proteins and enrichment of pathways involved in absorption and digestion in the H-DHA group. This group also showed higher concentrations of glucose in the jejunum and ileum, as well as elevated glycogen levels in the liver and muscles, in contrast to lower glucose levels in the intestinal contents and feces compared to the control group. The 4-FDG absorption test showed more efficient absorption after oral 4-FDG gavage in the H-DHA group. Moreover, the expressions of glucose transport-associated proteins, GLUT2 and SGLT1, and the activation of mTOR pathway were enhanced in the H-DHA group compared to the control group. The L-DHA group also showed similar but less pronounced improvements in these aspects relative to the H-DHA group. Conclusion Our findings suggested that maternal DHA supplementation during lactation improves the exercise performance, enhances the intestinal glucose absorption by increasing the expressions of glucose transporters, and beneficially alters the structure of gut microbiome in weaning offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalu Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Yao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoli Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxi Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhao R, Yang Y, Li S, Chen S, Ding J, Wu Y, Qu M, Di Y. Comparative study of integrated bio-responses in deep-sea and nearshore mussels upon abiotic condition changes: Insight into distinct regulation and adaptation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106610. [PMID: 38879901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea mussels, one of the dominant species in most deep-sea ecosystems, have long been used as model organisms to investigate the adaptations and symbiotic relationships of deep-sea macrofauna under laboratory conditions due to their ability to survive under atmospheric pressure. However, the impact of additional abiotic conditions beyond pressure, such as temperature and light, on their physiological characteristics remains unknown. In this study, deep-sea mussels (Gigantidas platifrons) from cold seep of the South China Sea, along with nearshore mussels (Mytilus coruscus) from the East China Sea, were reared in unfavorable abiotic conditions for up to 8 days. Integrated biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense, immune ability and energy metabolism were investigated in the gill and digestive gland, while cytotoxicity was determined in hemocytes of both types of mussels. The results revealed mild bio-responses in two types of mussels in the laboratory, represented by the effective antioxidant defense with constant total antioxidant capability level and malondialdehyde content. There were also disparate adaptations in deep-sea and nearshore mussels. In deep-sea mussels, significantly increased immune response and energy reservation were observed in gills, together with the elevated cytotoxicity in hemocytes, implying the more severe biological adaptation was required, mainly due to the symbiotic bacteria loss under laboratory conditions. On the contrary, insignificant biological responses were exhibited in nearshore mussels except for the increased energy consumption, indicating the trade-off strategy to use more energy to deal with potential stress. Overall, this comparative study highlights the basal bio-responses of deep-sea and nearshore mussels out of their native environments, providing evidence that short-term culture of both mussels under easily achievable laboratory conditions would not dramatically alter their biological status. This finding will assist in broadening the application of deep-sea mussels as model organism in future research regardless of the specialized research equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Zhao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Shuimei Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yusong Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Mengjie Qu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
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19
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Nakamura S, Kurata R, Miyazaki T. Structural insights into α-(1→6)-linkage preference of GH97 glucodextranase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae. FEBS J 2024; 291:3267-3282. [PMID: 38661728 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 97 (GH97) comprises enzymes like anomer-inverting α-glucoside hydrolases (i.e., glucoamylase) and anomer-retaining α-galactosidases. In a soil bacterium, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, we previously identified a GH97 enzyme (FjGH97A) within the branched dextran utilization locus. It functions as an α-glucoside hydrolase, targeting α-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages in dextran and isomaltooligosaccharides (i.e., glucodextranase). FjGH97A exhibits a preference for α-(1→6)-glucoside linkages over α-(1→4)-linkages, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron glucoamylase SusB (with 69% sequence identity), which is involved in the starch utilization system, exhibits the highest specificity for α-(1→4)-glucosidic linkages. Here, we examined the crystal structures of FjGH97A in complexes with glucose, panose, or isomaltotriose, and analyzed the substrate preferences of its mutants to identify the amino acid residues that determine the substrate specificity for α-(1→4)- and α-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages. The overall structure of FjGH97A resembles other GH97 enzymes, with conserved catalytic residues similar to anomer-inverting GH97 enzymes. A comparison of active sites between FjGH97A and SusB revealed differences in amino acid residues at subsites +1 and +2 (specifically Ala195 and Ile378 in FjGH97A). Among the three mutants (A195S, I378F, and A195S-I378F), A195S and A195S-I378F exhibited increased activity toward α-(1→4)-glucoside bonds compared to α-(1→6)-glucoside bonds. This suggests that Ala195, located on the Gly184-Thr203 loop (named loop-N) conserved within the GH97 subgroup, including FjGH97A and SusB, holds significance in determining linkage specificity. The conservation of alanine in the active site of the GH97 enzymes, within the same gene cluster as the putative dextranase, indicates its crucial role in determining the specificity for α-(1→6)-glucoside linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
| | - Rikuya Kurata
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
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20
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Bax HHM, Jurak E. Characterization of Two Glycoside Hydrolases of Family GH13 and GH57, Present in a Polysaccharide Utilization Locus (PUL) of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037. Molecules 2024; 29:2788. [PMID: 38930854 PMCID: PMC11206854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen, an α-glucan polymer serving as an energy storage compound in microorganisms, is synthesized through distinct pathways (GlgC-GlgA or GlgE pathway). Both pathways involve multiple enzymes, with a shared glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). GBEs play a pivotal role in establishing α-1,6-linkages within the glycogen structure. GBEs are also used for starch modification. Understanding how these enzymes work is interesting for both glycogen synthesis in microorganisms, as well as novel applications for starch modification. This study focuses on a putative enzyme GH13_9 GBE (PoGBE13), present in a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037, and related to the GlgE glycogen synthesis pathway. While the PUL of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037 contains glycogen-degrading enzymes, the branching enzyme (PoGBE13) was also found due to genetic closeness. Characterization revealed that PoGBE13 functions as a typical branching enzyme, exhibiting a relatively high branching over non-branching (hydrolysis and α-1,4-transferase activity) ratio on linear maltooctadecaose (3.0 ± 0.4). Besides the GH13_9 GBE, a GH57 (PoGH57) enzyme was selected for characterization from the same PUL due to its undefined function. The combined action of both GH13 and GH57 enzymes suggested 4-α-glucanotransferase activity for PoGH57. The characterization of these unique enzymes related to a GlgE glycogen synthesis pathway provides a more profound understanding of their interactions and synergistic roles in glycogen synthesis and are potential enzymes for use in starch modification processes. Due to the structural similarity between glycogen and starch, PoGBE13 can potentially be used for starch modification with different applications, for example, in functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edita Jurak
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
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21
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Fu J, Zhang E, Yu W, Wang W, Sun Y, Dong L, Zhang Y, Sun G, Li Z, Luo Q, Yang J. Comparative Analysis of the Biochemical Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Contents of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Crassostrea gigas. Molecules 2024; 29:2671. [PMID: 38893545 PMCID: PMC11173691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid oysters are artificially produced oysters that do not exist in nature. The successful breeding of 100% triploid oysters resolved the difficulties of traditional drug-induced triploids, such as the presence of drug residues and a low triploid induction rate. However, little is known concerning the biochemical composition and nutrient contents of such tetraploids. Therefore, we investigated compositional differences among diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Crassostrea gigas as well as between males and females of diploids and tetraploids. The findings indicated that glycogen, EPA, ∑PUFA, and omega-3 contents were significantly higher in triploid oysters than in diploids or tetraploids; tetraploid oysters had a significantly higher protein content, C14:0, essential amino acid, and flavor-presenting amino acid contents than diploids or triploids. For both diploid and tetraploids, females had significantly higher levels of glutamate, methionine, and phenylalanine than males but lower levels of glycine and alanine. In addition, female oysters had significantly more EPA, DHA, omega-3, and total fatty acids, a result that may be due to the fact that gonadal development in male oysters requires more energy to sustain growth, consumes greater amounts of nutrients, and accumulates more proteins. With these results, important information is provided on the production of C. gigas, as well as on the basis and backing for the genetic breeding of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Enshuo Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wensong Yu
- Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Yantai Haiyu Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China;
| | - Youmei Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Luyao Dong
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Yousen Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qihao Luo
- Yantai Haiyu Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China;
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; (J.F.); (E.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (Z.L.)
- Yantai Haiyu Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China;
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Tran M, Gilling S, Wu J, Wang L, Shin DJ. miR-141/200c contributes to ethanol-mediated hepatic glycogen metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101942. [PMID: 38642890 PMCID: PMC11060962 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic glucose metabolism is profoundly perturbed by excessive alcohol intake. miR-141/200c expression is significantly induced by chronic ethanol feeding. This study aimed at identifying the role of miR-141/200c in glucose homeostasis during chronic ethanol exposure. METHODS WT and miR-141/200c KO mice were fed a control or an ethanol diet for 30 days, followed by a single binge of maltose dextrin or ethanol, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of hepatic primary metabolites was performed along with analyses for liver histology, gene expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and physiological relevance. Primary hepatocytes were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS miR-141/200c deficiency rewires hepatic glucose metabolism during chronic ethanol feeding, increasing the abundance of glucose intermediates including G6P, an allosteric activator for GS. miR-141/200c deficiency replenished glycogen depletion during chronic ethanol feeding accompanied by reduced GS phosphorylation in parallel with increased expression of PP1 glycogen targeting subunits. Moreover, miR-141/200c deficiency prevented ethanol-mediated increases in AMPK and CaMKK2 activity. Ethanol treatment reduced glycogen content in WT-hepatocytes, which was reversed by dorsomorphin, a selective AMPK inhibitor, while KO-hepatocytes displayed higher glycogen content than WT-hepatocytes in response to ethanol treatment. Furthermore, treatment of hepatocytes with A23187, a calcium ionophore activating CaMKK2, lowered glycogen content in WT-hepatocytes. Notably, the suppressive effect of A23187 on glycogen deposition was reversed by dorsomorphin, demonstrating that the glycogen depletion by A23187 is mediated by AMPK. KO-hepatocytes exhibited higher glycogen content than WT-hepatocytes in response to A23187. Finally, miR-141/200c deficiency led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during chronic ethanol feeding. CONCLUSIONS miR-141/200c deficiency replenishes ethanol-mediated hepatic glycogen depletion through the regulation of GS activity and calcium signaling coupled with the AMPK pathway, improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. These results underscore miR-141/200c as a potential therapeutic target for the management of alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shaynian Gilling
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Chen J, Ji X, Gao J, Huang J, Ren J. gys1 regulates maternal glycogen reserve essential for embryonic development in zebrafish. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31149. [PMID: 38803914 PMCID: PMC11128933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The reserve of glycogen is essential for embryonic development. In oviparous fish, egg is an isolated system after egg laying with all the required energy deposits by their mothers. However, the key regulated factor mediates the storage of maternal glycogen reserve which support for embryogenesis in the offspring is largely unknown. Glycogen synthase (GYS) is a central enzyme for glycogen synthesis. In our previous study, we generated a gys1 knockout zebrafish line, showed an embryonic developmental defect in F3 generation. In this study, firstly we determined that the gys1 was maternal origin by backcrossing the F2 mutant with wildtype lines. PAS staining and glycogen content measurement showed that glycogen reserve was reduced both in ovaries and embryos in the mutant group compared to wildtypes. Free glucose measurement analysis showed a 50 % of reduction in gys1 mutant embryos compared to wildtype embryos at 24 hpf; showed an approximal 50 % of reduction in gys1 mutant adults compared to wildtypes. Microinjection of 2-NBDG in embryos and comparison of fluorescent signal demonstrated that glucose uptake ability was decreased in the mutant embryos, indicating an impaired glucose metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics analysis then was employed and revealed that key modified metabolites enriched into vitamin B pathway, carbohydrate and unsaturated fatty acid pathways. These results demonstrated that gys1 played a role on glycogen metabolism, involved into the maternal glycogen reserve which essentially contribute to embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- CCMAR/CIMAR Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xiao Ji
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Cereijo AE, Ferretti MV, Iglesias AA, Álvarez HM, Asencion Diez MD. Study of two glycosyltransferases related to polysaccharide biosynthesis in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Biol Chem 2024; 405:325-340. [PMID: 38487862 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial genus Rhodococcus comprises organisms performing oleaginous behaviors under certain growth conditions and ratios of carbon and nitrogen availability. Rhodococci are outstanding producers of biofuel precursors, where lipid and glycogen metabolisms are closely related. Thus, a better understanding of rhodococcal carbon partitioning requires identifying catalytic steps redirecting sugar moieties to storage molecules. Here, we analyzed two GT4 glycosyl-transferases from Rhodococcus jostii (RjoGlgAb and RjoGlgAc) annotated as α-glucan-α-1,4-glucosyl transferases, putatively involved in glycogen synthesis. Both enzymes were produced in Escherichia coli cells, purified to homogeneity, and kinetically characterized. RjoGlgAb and RjoGlgAc presented the "canonical" glycogen synthase activity and were actives as maltose-1P synthases, although to a different extent. Then, RjoGlgAc is a homologous enzyme to the mycobacterial GlgM, with similar kinetic behavior and glucosyl-donor preference. RjoGlgAc was two orders of magnitude more efficient to glucosylate glucose-1P than glycogen, also using glucosamine-1P as a catalytically efficient aglycon. Instead, RjoGlgAb exhibited both activities with similar kinetic efficiency and preference for short-branched α-1,4-glucans. Curiously, RjoGlgAb presented a super-oligomeric conformation (higher than 15 subunits), representing a novel enzyme with a unique structure-to-function relationship. Kinetic results presented herein constitute a hint to infer on polysaccharides biosynthesis in rhodococci from an enzymological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Estefania Cereijo
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, 603337 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (UNL-CONICET) & Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Ferretti
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, 603337 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (UNL-CONICET) & Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Alvaro Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, 603337 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (UNL-CONICET) & Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Héctor Manuel Álvarez
- Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), 28226 Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco y CONICET , Km 4-Ciudad Universitaria 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Matías Damian Asencion Diez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, 603337 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (UNL-CONICET) & Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas , Santa Fe, Argentina
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25
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Do H, Meena NK, Raben N. Failure of Autophagy in Pompe Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:573. [PMID: 38785980 PMCID: PMC11118179 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent degradation of cytoplasmic constituents. The system operates as a critical cellular pro-survival mechanism in response to nutrient deprivation and a variety of stress conditions. On top of that, autophagy is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis through selective elimination of worn-out or damaged proteins and organelles. The autophagic pathway is largely responsible for the delivery of cytosolic glycogen to the lysosome where it is degraded to glucose via acid α-glucosidase. Although the physiological role of lysosomal glycogenolysis is not fully understood, its significance is highlighted by the manifestations of Pompe disease, which is caused by a deficiency of this lysosomal enzyme. Pompe disease is a severe lysosomal glycogen storage disorder that affects skeletal and cardiac muscles most. In this review, we discuss the basics of autophagy and describe its involvement in the pathogenesis of muscle damage in Pompe disease. Finally, we outline how autophagic pathology in the diseased muscles can be used as a tool to fast track the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Raben
- M6P Therapeutics, 20 S. Sarah Street, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (H.D.); (N.K.M.)
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26
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu M, Xia Y. Metabolic reprogramming and interventions in angiogenesis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00178-4. [PMID: 38704087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis. Intrinsic metabolic events such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism, support secure vascular migration and proliferation, energy and biomass production, as well as redox homeostasis maintenance during vessel formation. Nevertheless, perturbation of EC metabolism instigates vascular dysregulation-associated diseases, especially cancer. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we aim to discuss the metabolic regulation of angiogenesis by EC metabolites and metabolic enzymes, as well as prospect the possible therapeutic opportunities and strategies targeting EC metabolism. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this work, we discuss various aspects of EC metabolism considering normal and diseased vasculature. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of EC metabolism-targeted intervention (chiefly by metabolic enzymes or metabolites) could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of pathological angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zifang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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27
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Zhang N, Liu F, Zhao Y, Sun X, Wen B, Lu JQ, Yan C, Li D. Defect in degradation of glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen in lysosomes is the fundamental pathomechanism of Pompe disease. J Pathol 2024; 263:8-21. [PMID: 38332735 DOI: 10.1002/path.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder that preferentially affects muscles, and it is caused by GAA mutation coding acid alpha-glucosidase in lysosome and glycophagy deficiency. While the initial pathology of Pompe disease is glycogen accumulation in lysosomes, the special role of the lysosomal pathway in glycogen degradation is not fully understood. Hence, we investigated the characteristics of accumulated glycogen and the mechanism underlying glycophagy disturbance in Pompe disease. Skeletal muscle specimens were obtained from the affected sites of patients and mouse models with Pompe disease. Histological analysis, immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence assay, and lysosome isolation were utilized to analyze the characteristics of accumulated glycogen. Cell culture, lentiviral infection, and the CRISPR/Cas9 approach were utilized to investigate the regulation of glycophagy accumulation. We demonstrated residual glycogen, which was distinguishable from mature glycogen by exposed glycogenin and more α-amylase resistance, accumulated in the skeletal muscle of Pompe disease. Lysosome isolation revealed glycogen-free glycogenin in wild type mouse lysosomes and variously sized glycogenin in Gaa-/- mouse lysosomes. Our study identified that a defect in the degradation of glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen in lysosomes was the fundamental pathological mechanism of Pompe disease. Meanwhile, glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen was absent in other glycogen storage diseases caused by cytoplasmic glycogenolysis deficiencies. In vitro, the generation of residual glycogen resulted from cytoplasmic glycogenolysis. Notably, the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase led to a reduction in glycogenin-exposed residual glycogen and glycophagy accumulations in cellular models of Pompe disease. Therefore, the lysosomal hydrolysis pathway played a crucial role in the degradation of residual glycogen into glycogenin, which took place in tandem with cytoplasmic glycogenolysis. These findings may offer a novel substrate reduction therapeutic strategy for Pompe disease. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bing Wen
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Duoling Li
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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28
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Skurat AV, Segvich DM, Contreras CJ, Hu YC, Hurley TD, DePaoli-Roach AA, Roach PJ. Impaired malin expression and interaction with partner proteins in Lafora disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107271. [PMID: 38588813 PMCID: PMC11063907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is an autosomal recessive myoclonus epilepsy with onset in the teenage years leading to death within a decade of onset. LD is characterized by the overaccumulation of hyperphosphorylated, poorly branched, insoluble, glycogen-like polymers called Lafora bodies. The disease is caused by mutations in either EPM2A, encoding laforin, a dual specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates glycogen, or EMP2B, encoding malin, an E3-ubiquitin ligase. While glycogen is a widely accepted laforin substrate, substrates for malin have been difficult to identify partly due to the lack of malin antibodies able to detect malin in vivo. Here we describe a mouse model in which the malin gene is modified at the C-terminus to contain the c-myc tag sequence, making an expression of malin-myc readily detectable. Mass spectrometry analyses of immunoprecipitates using c-myc tag antibodies demonstrate that malin interacts with laforin and several glycogen-metabolizing enzymes. To investigate the role of laforin in these interactions we analyzed two additional mouse models: malin-myc/laforin knockout and malin-myc/LaforinCS, where laforin was either absent or the catalytic Cys was genomically mutated to Ser, respectively. The interaction of malin with partner proteins requires laforin but is not dependent on its catalytic activity or the presence of glycogen. Overall, the results demonstrate that laforin and malin form a complex in vivo, which stabilizes malin and enhances interaction with partner proteins to facilitate normal glycogen metabolism. They also provide insights into the development of LD and the rescue of the disease by the catalytically inactive phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Skurat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dyann M Segvich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christopher J Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas D Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Anna A DePaoli-Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Peter J Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Zhuo S, Bai M, Wang Z, Chen L, Li Z, Zhu X, Chen J, Ye X, Guo C, Chen Y. Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E696-E708. [PMID: 38568151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a form of energy storage for glucose in different tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle. It remains incompletely understood how glycogen impacts on adipose tissue functionality. Cold exposure elevated the expression of Gys1 that encodes glycogen synthase 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). The in vivo function of Gys1 was analyzed using a mouse model in which Gys1 was deleted specifically in adipose tissues. Under normal chow conditions, Gys1 deletion caused little changes to body weight and glucose metabolism. Deletion of Gys1 abrogated upregulation of UCP1 and other thermogenesis-related genes in iWAT upon prolonged cold exposure or treatment with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,243. Stimulation of UCP1 by CL-316,243 in adipose-derived stromal cells (stromal vascular fractions, SVFs) was also reduced by Gys1 deletion. Both the basal glycogen content and CL-316,243-stimulated glycogen accumulation in adipose tissues were reduced by Gys1 deletion. High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance were aggravated in Gys1-deleted mice. The loss of body weight upon CL-316,243 treatment was also abrogated by the loss of Gys1. In conclusion, our results underscore the pivotal role of glycogen synthesis in adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and its impact on diet-induced obesity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glycogen is one of major types of fuel reserve in the body and its classical function is to maintain blood glucose level. This study uncovers that glycogen synthesis is required for beige fat tissue to generate heat upon cold exposure. Such a function of glycogen is linked to development of high-fat diet-induced obesity, thus extending our understanding about the physiological functions of glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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30
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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Moghimi P, Hashemi-Gorji F, Jamshidi S, Tehrani Fateh S, Salehpour S, Sadeghi H, Norouzi Rostami F, Mirfakhraie R, Miryounesi M, Ghasemi MR. Broadening the Phenotype and Genotype Spectrum of Glycogen Storage Disease by Unraveling Novel Variants in an Iranian Patient Cohort. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10787-5. [PMID: 38619706 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders characterized by clinical, locus, and allele heterogeneity. This study aims to investigate the phenotype and genotype spectrum of GSDs in a cohort of 14 families from Iran using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and variant analysis. WES was performed on 14 patients clinically suspected of GSDs. Variant analysis was performed to identify genetic variants associated with GSDs. A total of 13 variants were identified, including six novel variants, and seven previously reported pathogenic variants in genes such as AGL, G6PC, GAA, PYGL, PYGM, GBE1, SLC37A4, and PHKA2. Most types of GSDs observed in the cohort were associated with hepatomegaly, which was the most common clinical presentation. This study provides valuable insights into the phenotype and genotype spectrum of GSDs in a cohort of Iranian patients. The identification of novel variants adds to the growing body of knowledge regarding the genetic landscape of GSDs and has implications for genetic counseling and future therapeutic interventions. The diverse nature of GSDs underscores the need for comprehensive genetic testing methods to improve diagnostic accuracy. Continued research in this field will enhance our understanding of GSDs, ultimately leading to improved management and outcomes for individuals affected by these rare metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Moghimi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hashemi-Gorji
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shadab Salehpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Unit, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zakout YMA, Abdellah MA, Abdallah MA, Batran SA. Optimization of PAS stain and similar Schiff's based methods for glycogen demonstration in liver tissue. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:359-364. [PMID: 38147127 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Demonstration of glycogen in tissue holds considerable diagnostic relevance across various pathological conditions, particularly in certain tumors. The histochemical staining of glycogen using methods utilizing Schiff's reagents is subject to influences arising from the type of fixative, fixation temperature, and oxidizing agents employed. This study aimed to assess diverse fixatives, fixation temperatures, and oxidizing agents, each with variable treatment durations, in conjunction with Schiff's reagent for optimal glycogen demonstration. Paraffin blocks derived from a rabbit's liver served as the experimental substrate, encompassing 340 paraffin sections subjected to different procedures. For tissues fixed at 4 °C, good staining outcomes, as determined by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, were observed with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), 80% alcohol, and Bouin's solution. Tissues fixed at room temperature (RT) demonstrated good PAS staining results with both 10% NBF and 80% alcohol. Notably, other oxidizing agents exhibited poor outcomes across all fixatives and fixation temperature, with two exceptions, as satisfactory staining results were obtained when using 5% chromic acid. Consequently, Both 10% NBF and 80% emerge as preferred fixatives of choice for glycogen demonstration when coupled with PAS stain. It is noteworthy that Bouin's solution could also provide good outcomes when fixation occurred at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Mohamed-Azzam Zakout
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Marwah Abdelrahman Abdellah
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Masia Aldai Abdallah
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Samah Abdelrahim Batran
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Coate KC, Ramnanan CJ, Smith M, Winnick JJ, Kraft G, Irimia-Dominguez J, Farmer B, Donahue EP, Roach PJ, Cherrington AD, Edgerton DS. Integration of metabolic flux with hepatic glucagon signaling and gene expression profiles in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E428-E442. [PMID: 38324258 PMCID: PMC11193521 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00316.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon rapidly and profoundly stimulates hepatic glucose production (HGP), but for reasons that are unclear, this effect normally wanes after a few hours, despite sustained plasma glucagon levels. This study characterized the time course of glucagon-mediated molecular events and their relevance to metabolic flux in the livers of conscious dogs. Glucagon was either infused into the hepato-portal vein at a sixfold basal rate in the presence of somatostatin and basal insulin, or it was maintained at a basal level in control studies. In one control group, glucose remained at basal, whereas in the other, glucose was infused to match the hyperglycemia that occurred in the hyperglucagonemic group. Elevated glucagon caused a rapid (30 min) and largely sustained increase in hepatic cAMP over 4 h, a continued elevation in glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and activation and deactivation of glycogen phosphorylase and synthase activities, respectively. Net hepatic glycogenolysis increased rapidly, peaking at 15 min due to activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, then slowly returned to baseline over the next 3 h in line with allosteric inhibition by glucose and G6P. Glucagon's stimulatory effect on HGP was sustained relative to the hyperglycemic control group due to continued PKA activation. Hepatic gluconeogenic flux did not increase due to the lack of glucagon's effect on substrate supply to the liver. Global gene expression profiling highlighted glucagon-regulated activation of genes involved in cellular respiration, metabolic processes, and signaling, as well as downregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix assembly and development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucagon rapidly stimulates hepatic glucose production, but these effects are transient. This study links the molecular and metabolic flux changes that occur in the liver over time in response to a rise in glucagon, demonstrating the strength of the dog as a translational model to couple findings in small animals and humans. In addition, this study clarifies why the rapid effects of glucagon on liver glycogen metabolism are not sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Coate
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher J Ramnanan
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Smith
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason J Winnick
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Guillaume Kraft
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jose Irimia-Dominguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Ben Farmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - E Patrick Donahue
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Peter J Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dale S Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Shiozaki‐Takagi Y, Ozaki N, Toyoda Y. Epac2 activation mediates glucagon-induced glucogenesis in primary rat hepatocytes. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:429-436. [PMID: 38243676 PMCID: PMC10981141 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Glucagon plays an essential role in hepatic glucogenesis by enhancing glycogen breakdown, inducing gluconeogenesis, and suppressing glycogenesis. Moreover, glucagon increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, thereby activating protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP guanine nucleotide exchange factor (also known as Epac). Although the function of PKA in the liver has been studied extensively, the function of hepatic Epac is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Epac in mediating the action of glucagon on the hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epac mRNA and protein expression, localization, and activity in the hepatocytes were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and Rap1 activity assay, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the effects of an Epac-specific activator, 8-CPT, and an Epac-specific inhibitor, ESI-05, on glycogen metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. Further mechanisms of glycogen metabolism were evaluated by examining glucokinase (GK) translocation and mRNA expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. RESULTS Epac2, but not Epac1, was predominantly expressed in the liver. Moreover, 8-CPT inhibited glycogen accumulation and GK translocation and enhanced the mRNA expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. ESI-05 failed to reverse glucagon-induced suppression of glycogen storage and partially inhibited glucagon-induced GK translocation and the mRNA expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Epac signaling plays a role in mediating the glucogenic action of glucagon in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shiozaki‐Takagi
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and SportsNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyMeijo UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Present address:
Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and SportsNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Division of EndocrinologyJapanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Yukiyasu Toyoda
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyMeijo UniversityNagoyaJapan
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Liu X, Zhang P, Gilbert RG. Formation mechanism of α particles in glycogen: Testing the budding hypothesis by Monte-Carlo simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130332. [PMID: 38401580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen, a complex branched glucose polymer and a blood-sugar reservoir in animals, comprises small β particles joined together into composite α particles. In diabetic animals, α particles fragment more easily than those in healthy animals. Finding evidence for or against postulated mechanisms for α-particle formation is thus important for diabetes research. Insight into this is obtained here using Monte-Carlo simulations, including addition and loss of glucose monomer, branching and debranching, based on earlier simulations which were in acceptable agreement with experiment [Zhang et al., Int J Biol Macromolecules 2018, 116, 264]. One postulated mechanism for α-particle formation is "budding": occasionally a glucan chain temporarily protrudes from the particle, and if its growing end is sufficiently far from its parent particle, it propagates to a new linked particle. We tested this by simulations in which an "artificial" bud (a chain extending well outside the average particle radius) is added to a glycogen molecule in a dynamic steady state, and the system allowed to evolve. In some simulations, the particle reached a new steady state having an irregular dumbbell shape: a rudimentary α particle. Thus 'budding' is a possible mechanism for α particles to form. If no simulations had shown this behaviour, it would have refuted the postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China; Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovations (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling 244061, PR China
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China; Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovations (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Romero A, Rey-Campos M, Pereiro P, Librán-Pérez M, Figueras A, Novoa B. Transcriptomic analysis of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) treated with zymosan a reveals that lncRNAs and inflammation-related genes mediate the protection conferred against Aeromonas salmonicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109456. [PMID: 38369070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most harmful pathogens in finfish aquaculture worldwide. Immunostimulants such as β-glucans are used to enhance the immunity of cultured fish. However, their effects on fish physiology are not completely understood. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of zymosan A on fish survival against A. salmonicida infection. A single administration of this compound protected fish against A. salmonicida challenge and reduce the bacterial load in the head kidney one week after its administration. Transcriptome analyses of head kidney samples revealed several molecular mechanisms involved in the protection conferred by zymosan A and their regulation by long noncoding RNAs. The transcriptome profile of turbot exposed only to zymosan A was practically unaltered one week after ip injection. However, the administration of this immunostimulant induced significant transcriptomic changes once the fish were in contact with the bacteria and increased the survival of the infected turbot. Our results suggest that the restraint of the infection-induced inflammatory response, the management of apoptotic cell death, cell plasticity and cellular processes involving cytoskeleton dynamics support the protective effects of zymosan A. All this information provides insights on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of this widely used immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Magalí Rey-Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Librán-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
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Chan KL, Panatpur A, Messahel S, Dahshi H, Johnson T, Henning A, Ren J, Minassian BA. 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals potential pathogenic and biomarker metabolite alterations in Lafora disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae104. [PMID: 38585668 PMCID: PMC10998360 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease is a fatal teenage-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy and neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglucosan bodies. Polyglucosans are long-branched and as a result precipitation- and aggregation-prone glycogen. In mouse models, downregulation of glycogen synthase, the enzyme that elongates glycogen branches, prevents polyglucosan formation and rescues Lafora disease. Mouse work, however, has not yet revealed the mechanisms of polyglucosan generation, and few in vivo human studies have been performed. Here, non-invasive in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 31P) was applied to test scan feasibility and assess neurotransmitter balance and energy metabolism in Lafora disease towards a better understanding of pathogenesis. Macromolecule-suppressed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 and 7 tesla, respectively, were performed in 4 Lafora disease patients and a total of 21 healthy controls (12 for the 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 9 for the 31PMRS). Spectra were processed using in-house software and fit to extract metabolite concentrations. From the 1H spectra, we found 33% lower GABA concentrations (P = 0.013), 34% higher glutamate + glutamine concentrations (P = 0.011) and 24% lower N-acetylaspartate concentrations (P = 0.0043) in Lafora disease patients compared with controls. From the 31P spectra, we found 34% higher phosphoethanolamine concentrations (P = 0.016), 23% lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations (P = 0.003), 50% higher uridine diphosphate glucose concentrations (P = 0.004) and 225% higher glucose 6-phosphate concentrations in Lafora disease patients versus controls (P = 0.004). Uridine diphosphate glucose is the substrate of glycogen synthase, and glucose 6-phosphate is its extremely potent allosteric activator. The observed elevated uridine diphosphate glucose and glucose 6-phosphate levels are expected to hyperactivate glycogen synthase and may underlie the generation of polyglucosans in Lafora disease. The increased glutamate + glutamine and reduced GABA indicate altered neurotransmission and energy metabolism, which may contribute to the disease's intractable epilepsy. These results suggest a possible basis of polyglucosan formation and potential contributions to the epilepsy of Lafora disease. If confirmed in larger human and animal model studies, measurements of the dysregulated metabolites by magnetic resonance spectroscopy could be developed into non-invasive biomarkers for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aparna Panatpur
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Souad Messahel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hamza Dahshi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Talon Johnson
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anke Henning
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Ren LK, Lu RS, Fei XB, Chen SJ, Liu P, Zhu CH, Wang X, Pan YZ. Unveiling the role of PYGB in pancreatic cancer: a novel diagnostic biomarker and gene therapy target. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:127. [PMID: 38483604 PMCID: PMC10940407 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor that poses a severe threat to human health. Brain glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) breaks down glycogen and provides an energy source for tumor cells. Although PYGB has been reported in several tumors, its role in PC remains unclear. METHODS We constructed a risk diagnostic model of PC-related genes by WGCNA and LASSO regression and found PYGB, an essential gene in PC. Then, we explored the pro-carcinogenic role of PYGB in PC by in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS We found that PYGB, SCL2A1, and SLC16A3 had a significant effect on the diagnosis and prognosis of PC, but PYGB had the most significant effect on the prognosis. Pan-cancer analysis showed that PYGB was highly expressed in most of the tumors but had the highest correlation with PC. In TCGA and GEO databases, we found that PYGB was highly expressed in PC tissues and correlated with PC's prognostic and pathological features. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that high expression of PYGB promoted the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of PC cells. Through enrichment analysis, we found that PYGB is associated with several key cell biological processes and signaling pathways. In experiments, we validated that the MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in the pro-tumorigenic mechanism of PYGB in PC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PYGB promotes PC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, leading to poor patient prognosis. PYGB gene may be a novel diagnostic biomarker and gene therapy target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Ren
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ri-Shang Lu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Fei
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shao-Jie Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Chang-Hao Zhu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
| | - Yao-Zhen Pan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Xing T, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Gao F. Chronic heat stress inhibits glycogen synthesis through gga-miR-212-5p/GYS1 axis in the breast muscle of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103455. [PMID: 38295503 PMCID: PMC10846392 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that chronic heat stress can accelerate glycolysis, decrease glycogen content in muscle, and affect muscle quality. However, the consequences of chronic heat stress on glycogen synthesis, miRNA expression in pectoralis major (PM) muscle, and its regulatory functions remain unknown. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and cell experiments were used to explore the effects of chronic heat stress on miRNA expression profiles and the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in glycogen synthesis under chronic heat stress. In total, 144 cocks were allocated into 3 groups: the normal control (NC) group, the heat stress (HS) group, and the pair-fed (PF) group. In total, 30 differently expressed (DE) miRNAs were screened after excluding the effect of feed intake, which were mainly related to metabolism, signal transduction, cell growth and death. Furthermore, the gga-miR-212-5p/GYS1 axis was predicted to participate in glycogen synthesis through the miRNA-mRNA analysis, and a dual-luciferase reporter test assay confirmed the target relationship. Mechanistically, chronic heat stress up-regulated gga-miR-212-5p, which could inhibit the expression of GYS1 in the PM muscle. Knocking down gga-miR-212-5p alleviates the reduction of glycogen content caused by chronic heat stress; overexpression of gga-miR-212-5p can reduce glycogen content. This study provided another important mechanism for the decreased glycogen contents within the PM muscle of broilers under heat stress, which might contribute to impaired meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingsen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Żołnierkiewicz O, Rogacka D. Hyperglycemia - A culprit of podocyte pathology in the context of glycogen metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109927. [PMID: 38350532 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged disruption in the balance of glucose can result in metabolic disorders. The kidneys play a significant role in regulating blood glucose levels. However, when exposed to chronic hyperglycemia, the kidneys' ability to handle glucose metabolism may be impaired, leading to an accumulation of glycogen. Earlier studies have shown that there can be a significant increase in glucose storage in the form of glycogen in the kidneys in diabetes. Podocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of filtration barrier. In diabetes, exposure to elevated glucose levels can lead to significant metabolic and structural changes in podocytes, contributing to kidney damage and the development of diabetic kidney disease. The accumulation of glycogen in podocytes is not a well-established phenomenon. However, a recent study has demonstrated the presence of glycogen granules in podocytes. This review delves into the intricate connections between hyperglycemia and glycogen metabolism within the context of the kidney, with special emphasis on podocytes. The aberrant storage of glycogen has the potential to detrimentally impact podocyte functionality and perturb their structural integrity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the alterations in cellular signaling pathways that may potentially lead to glycogen overproduction in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Żołnierkiewicz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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41
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Mou JY, Ma ZW, Zhang MY, Yuan Q, Wang ZY, Liu QH, Li F, Liu Z, Wang L. Structural abnormality of hepatic glycogen in rat liver with diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenic injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129432. [PMID: 38228208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence confirms associations between glycogen metabolic re-wiring and the development of liver cancer. Previous studies showed that glycogen structure changes abnormally in liver diseases such as cystic fibrosis, diabetes, etc. However, few studies focus on glycogen molecular structural characteristics during liver cancer development, which is worthy of further exploration. In this study, a rat model with carcinogenic liver injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was successfully constructed, and hepatic glycogen structure was characterized. Compared with glycogen structure in the healthy rat liver, glycogen chain length distribution (CLD) shifts towards a short region. In contrast, glycogen particles were mainly present in small-sized β particles in DEN-damaged carcinogenic rat liver. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed significant expression changes of genes and pathways involved in carcinogenic liver injury. A combination of transcriptomic analysis, RT-qPCR, and western blot showed that the two genes, Gsy1 encoding glycogen synthase and Gbe1 encoding glycogen branching enzyme, were significantly altered and might be responsible for the structural abnormality of hepatic glycogen in carcinogenic liver injury. Taken together, this study confirmed that carcinogenic liver injury led to structural abnormality of hepatic glycogen, which provided clues to the future development of novel drug targets for potential therapeutics of carcinogenic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Mou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of 1(st) Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhang-Wen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fen Li
- Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of 1(st) Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Ou K, Zhang Q, Xi F, Ni H, Lu J, Lyu X, Wang C, Li Q, Wang Q. Prenatal EGCG consumption impacts hepatic glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism in adult mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129491. [PMID: 38228202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of prenatal exposure to Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the liver of adult offspring mice was investigated. While EGCG is known for its health benefits, its effects of prenatal exposure on the liver remain unclear. Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to 1 mg/kg of EGCG for 16 days to assess hepatotoxicity effects of adult offspring. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were employed to elucidate the hepatotoxicity mechanisms. The findings revealed that prenatal EGCG exposure led to a decrease in liver somatic index, enhanced inflammatory responses and disrupted liver function through increased glycogen accumulation in adult mice. The integrated omics analysis revealed significant alterations in key pathways involved in liver glucose lipid metabolism, such as gluconeogenesis, dysregulation of insulin signaling, and induction of liver inflammation. Furthermore, the study found a negative correlation between the promoter methylation levels of Ppara and their mRNA levels, suggesting that EGCG could reduce hepatic lipid content through epigenetic modifications. The findings suggest that prenatal EGCG exposure can have detrimental impacts on the liver among adult individuals and emphasize the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the potential risks associated with EGCG consumption during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Feifei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Huizhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Jiebo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Xuejing Lyu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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43
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Yang Y, Ye Y, Deng Y, Gao L. Uridine and its role in metabolic diseases, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1360891. [PMID: 38487261 PMCID: PMC10937367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1360891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with a concentration higher than the other nucleosides. As a simple metabolite, uridine plays a pivotal role in various biological processes. In addition to nucleic acid synthesis, uridine is critical to glycogen synthesis through the formation of uridine diphosphate glucose in which promotes the production of UDP-GlcNAc in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and supplies UDP-GlcNAc for O-GlcNAcylation. This process can regulate protein modification and affect its function. Moreover, Uridine has an effect on body temperature and circadian rhythms, which can regulate the metabolic rate and the expression of metabolic genes. Abnormal levels of blood uridine have been found in people with diabetes and obesity, suggesting a link of uridine dysregulation and metabolic disorders. At present, the role of uridine in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism is controversial, and the mechanism is not clear, but it shows the trend of long-term damage and short-term benefit. Therefore, maintaining uridine homeostasis is essential for maintaining basic functions and normal metabolism. This article summarizes the latest findings about the metabolic effects of uridine and the potential of uridine metabolism as therapeutic target in treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, QuanZhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, QuanZhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Mitra S, Chen B, Shelton JM, Nitschke S, Wu J, Covington L, Dear M, Lynn T, Verma M, Nitschke F, Fuseya Y, Iwai K, Evers BM, Minassian BA. Myofiber-type-dependent 'boulder' or 'multitudinous pebble' formations across distinct amylopectinoses. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:46. [PMID: 38411740 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
At least five enzymes including three E3 ubiquitin ligases are dedicated to glycogen's spherical structure. Absence of any reverts glycogen to a structure resembling amylopectin of the plant kingdom. This amylopectinosis (polyglucosan body formation) causes fatal neurological diseases including adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) due to glycogen branching enzyme deficiency, Lafora disease (LD) due to deficiencies of the laforin glycogen phosphatase or the malin E3 ubiquitin ligase and type 1 polyglucosan body myopathy (PGBM1) due to RBCK1 E3 ubiquitin ligase deficiency. Little is known about these enzymes' functions in glycogen structuring. Toward understanding these functions, we undertake a comparative murine study of the amylopectinoses of APBD, LD and PGBM1. We discover that in skeletal muscle, polyglucosan bodies form as two main types, small and multitudinous ('pebbles') or giant and single ('boulders'), and that this is primarily determined by the myofiber types in which they form, 'pebbles' in glycolytic and 'boulders' in oxidative fibers. This pattern recapitulates what is known in the brain in LD, innumerable dust-like in astrocytes and single giant sized in neurons. We also show that oxidative myofibers are relatively protected against amylopectinosis, in part through highly increased glycogen branching enzyme expression. We present evidence of polyglucosan body size-dependent cell necrosis. We show that sex influences amylopectinosis in genotype, brain region and myofiber-type-specific fashion. RBCK1 is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only known cellular machinery for head-to-tail linear ubiquitination critical to numerous cellular pathways. We show that the amylopectinosis of RBCK1 deficiency is not due to loss of linear ubiquitination, and that another function of RBCK1 or LUBAC must exist and operate in the shaping of glycogen. This work opens multiple new avenues toward understanding the structural determinants of the mammalian carbohydrate reservoir critical to neurologic and neuromuscular function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Mitra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA.
| | - Baozhi Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9148, USA
| | - Silvia Nitschke
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Lindsay Covington
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9148, USA
| | - Mathew Dear
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Tori Lynn
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Mayank Verma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Felix Nitschke
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Fuseya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Bret M Evers
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9073, USA
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA.
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Lu Y, Jiang Y, Cao K, Zhou N, Wang D, Zhang C, Zhou N, Shi K, Zhang L, Zhou L, Wang Z, Zhang H, Tang K, Ma J, Lv J, Huang B. Hepatic glycogenesis antagonizes lipogenesis by blocking S1P via UDPG. Science 2024; 383:eadi3332. [PMID: 38359126 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The identification of mechanisms to store glucose carbon in the form of glycogen rather than fat in hepatocytes has important implications for the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other chronic metabolic diseases. In this work, we show that glycogenesis uses its intermediate metabolite uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) to antagonize lipogenesis, thus steering both mouse and human hepatocytes toward storing glucose carbon as glycogen. The underlying mechanism involves transport of UDPG to the Golgi apparatus, where it binds to site-1 protease (S1P) and inhibits S1P-mediated cleavage of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), thereby inhibiting lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Consistent with this mechanism, UDPG administration is effective at treating NAFLD in a mouse model and human organoids. These findings indicate a potential opportunity to ameliorate disordered fat metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhuohang Liu
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yishen Jiang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dianheng Wang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Kamada N, Ikeda A, Makino Y, Matsubara H. Intersubunit communication in glycogen phosphorylase influences substrate recognition at the catalytic sites. Amino Acids 2024; 56:14. [PMID: 38340233 PMCID: PMC10858836 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is biologically active as a dimer of identical subunits, each activated by phosphorylation of the serine-14 residue. GP exists in three interconvertible forms, namely GPa (di-phosphorylated form), GPab (mono-phosphorylated form), and GPb (non-phosphorylated form); however, information on GPab remains scarce. Given the prevailing view that the two GP subunits collaboratively determine their catalytic characteristics, it is essential to conduct GPab characterization to gain a comprehensive understanding of glycogenolysis regulation. Thus, in the present study, we prepared rabbit muscle GPab from GPb, using phosphorylase kinase as the catalyst, and identified it using a nonradioactive phosphate-affinity gel electrophoresis method. Compared with the half-half GPa/GPb mixture, the as-prepared GPab showed a unique AMP-binding affinity. To further investigate the intersubunit communication in GP, its catalytic site was probed using pyridylaminated-maltohexaose (a maltooligosaccharide-based substrate comprising the essential dextrin structure for GP; abbreviated as PA-0) and a series of specifically modified PA-0 derivatives (substrate analogs lacking part of the essential dextrin structure). By comparing the initial reaction rates toward the PA-0 derivative (Vderivative) and PA-0 (VPA-0), we demonstrated that the Vderivative/VPA-0 ratio for GPab was significantly different from that for the half-half GPa/GPb mixture. This result indicates that the interaction between the two GP subunits significantly influences substrate recognition at the catalytic sites, thereby providing GPab its unique substrate recognition profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahori Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Ayato Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Makino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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Lu L, Yang Y, Shi G, He X, Xu X, Feng Y, Wang W, Li Z, Yang J, Li B, Sun G. Alterations in mitochondrial structure and function in response to environmental temperature changes in Apostichopus japonicus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 194:106330. [PMID: 38171258 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Global temperatures have risen as a result of climate change, and the resulting warmer seawater will exert physiological stresses on many aquatic animals, including Apostichopus japonicus. It has been suggested that the sensitivity of aquatic poikilothermal animals to climate change is closely related to mitochondrial function. Therefore, understanding the interaction between elevated temperature and mitochondrial functioning is key to characterizing organisms' responses to heat stress. However, little is known about the mitochondrial response to heat stress in A. japonicus. In this work, we investigated the morphological and functional changes of A. japonicus mitochondria under three representative temperatures, control temperature (18 °C), aestivation temperature (25 °C) and heat stress temperature (32 °C) temperatures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of mitochondrial morphology combined with proteomics and metabolomics techniques. The results showed that the mitochondrial morphology of A. japonicus was altered, with decreases in the number of mitochondrial cristae at 25 °C and mitochondrial lysis, fracture, and vacuolization at 32 °C. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed 103 differentially expressed proteins and 161 differential metabolites at 25 °C. At 32 °C, the levels of 214 proteins and 172 metabolites were significantly altered. These proteins and metabolites were involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, substance transport, membrane potential homeostasis, anti-stress processes, mitochondrial autophagy, and apoptosis. Furthermore, a hypothetical network of proteins and metabolites in A. japonicus mitochondria in response to temperature changes was constructed based on proteomic and metabolomic data. These results suggest that the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, resistance to oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial morphology in A. japonicus may play important roles in the response to elevated temperatures. In summary, this study describes the response of A. japonicus mitochondria to temperature changes from the perspectives of morphology, proteins, and metabolites, which provided a better understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial regulation under environment stress in marine echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Lu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Hekou District Science and Technology Bureau, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Yantai, 264002, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China.
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48
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Du H, Li J, Wei X, Yang D, Zhang B, Fan X, Zhao M, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Gu N. Methylparaben induces hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder by activating the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway in male mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108445. [PMID: 38262168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Methylparaben (MP), a preservative widely used in daily supplies, exists in both the environment and the human body. However, the potential health risks posed by MP remain unclear. This study aimed to unravel the mechanisms by which MP disrupts glucose and lipid homeostasis. For this, we administered MP to mice and observed changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. MP exposure led to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, visceral organ injury, and hepatic lipid accumulation. RNA sequencing results from mice livers indicated a close association between MP exposure and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammatory response, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that MP activated ER stress, particularly the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway, which further promoted the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The activation of these pathways phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) (ser 307), resulting in decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) (ser 473), leading to insulin resistance. Additionally, MP exposure promoted lipogenesis through ER stress. To explore potential remedies, we administered the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway inhibitor toyocamycin to mice, both of which protected against metabolic disorders and organ injury caused by MP. These findings suggest that MP induces disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism through ER stress, primarily through the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China.
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49
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Ullman JC, Mellem KT, Xi Y, Ramanan V, Merritt H, Choy R, Gujral T, Young LE, Blake K, Tep S, Homburger JR, O’Regan A, Ganesh S, Wong P, Satterfield TF, Lin B, Situ E, Yu C, Espanol B, Sarwaikar R, Fastman N, Tzitzilonis C, Lee P, Reiton D, Morton V, Santiago P, Won W, Powers H, Cummings BB, Hoek M, Graham RR, Chandriani SJ, Bainer R, DePaoli-Roach AA, Roach PJ, Hurley TD, Sun RC, Gentry MS, Sinz C, Dick RA, Noonberg SB, Beattie DT, Morgans DJ, Green EM. Small-molecule inhibition of glycogen synthase 1 for the treatment of Pompe disease and other glycogen storage disorders. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadf1691. [PMID: 38232139 PMCID: PMC10962247 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in muscle glycogen synthesis, plays a central role in energy homeostasis and has been proposed as a therapeutic target in multiple glycogen storage diseases. Despite decades of investigation, there are no known potent, selective small-molecule inhibitors of this enzyme. Here, we report the preclinical characterization of MZ-101, a small molecule that potently inhibits GYS1 in vitro and in vivo without inhibiting GYS2, a related isoform essential for synthesizing liver glycogen. Chronic treatment with MZ-101 depleted muscle glycogen and was well tolerated in mice. Pompe disease, a glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in acid α glucosidase (GAA), results in pathological accumulation of glycogen and consequent autophagolysosomal abnormalities, metabolic dysregulation, and muscle atrophy. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant GAA is the only approved treatment for Pompe disease, but it requires frequent infusions, and efficacy is limited by suboptimal skeletal muscle distribution. In a mouse model of Pompe disease, chronic oral administration of MZ-101 alone reduced glycogen buildup in skeletal muscle with comparable efficacy to ERT. In addition, treatment with MZ-101 in combination with ERT had an additive effect and could normalize muscle glycogen concentrations. Biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses of muscle tissue demonstrated that lowering of glycogen concentrations with MZ-101, alone or in combination with ERT, corrected the cellular pathology in this mouse model. These data suggest that substrate reduction therapy with GYS1 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for Pompe disease and other glycogen storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Ullman
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Kevin T. Mellem
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Yannan Xi
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Vyas Ramanan
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Hanne Merritt
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Rebeca Choy
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | - Lyndsay E.A. Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Kerrigan Blake
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
- Present address, Cellarity, Somerville, Massachusetts, 02143, USA
| | - Samnang Tep
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | - Adam O’Regan
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Sandya Ganesh
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Perryn Wong
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | - Baiwei Lin
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Eva Situ
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Cecile Yu
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Bryan Espanol
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Richa Sarwaikar
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Nathan Fastman
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | - Patrick Lee
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
- Present address, Curie Bio, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Reiton
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Vivian Morton
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
- Present address, Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, California, 94063, USA
| | - Pam Santiago
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Walter Won
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Hannah Powers
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | - Maarten Hoek
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Russell Bainer
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Anna A. DePaoli-Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Peter J. Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Thomas D. Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- USA Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Matthew S. Gentry
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Ryan A. Dick
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric M. Green
- Maze Therapeutics; South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
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50
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Li X, Hu S, Cai Y, Liu X, Luo J, Wu T. Revving the engine: PKB/AKT as a key regulator of cellular glucose metabolism. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1320964. [PMID: 38264327 PMCID: PMC10804622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is of critical importance for cell growth and proliferation, the disorders of which have been widely implicated in cancer progression. Glucose uptake is achieved differently by normal cells and cancer cells. Even in an aerobic environment, cancer cells tend to undergo metabolism through glycolysis rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Disordered metabolic syndrome is characterized by elevated levels of metabolites that can cause changes in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor recurrence and metastasis. The activation of glycolysis-related proteins and transcription factors is involved in the regulation of cellular glucose metabolism. Changes in glucose metabolism activity are closely related to activation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). This review discusses recent findings on the regulation of glucose metabolism by AKT in tumors. Furthermore, the review summarizes the potential importance of AKT in the regulation of each process throughout glucose metabolism to provide a theoretical basis for AKT as a target for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Hu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoting Cai
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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