1
|
Cathepsin D Plays a Vital Role in Macrobrachium nipponense of Ovary Maturation: Identification, Characterization, and Function Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081495. [PMID: 36011406 PMCID: PMC9408384 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important aquacultural species. However, its aquaculture is negatively impacted by the rapid sexual maturation of female M. nipponense. The fast sexual maturation produces a large number of offspring which leads to a reduction in resilience, a low survival rate, and an increased risk of hypoxia, this in turn, seriously affects the economic benefits of prawn farming. Cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease involved in the ovarian maturation of M. nipponense. In the current study, the cDNA of the gene encoding cathepsin D (Mn-CTSD) was cloned from M. nipponense. The total length was 2391 bp and consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1158 bp encoding 385 amino acids. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of conserved N-glycosylation sites and characteristic sequences of nondigestive cathepsin D. The qPCR analysis indicated that Mn-CTSD was highly expressed in all tissues tested, most significantly in the ovaries, whereas in situ hybridization showed that expression occurred mainly in oocyte nuclei. Analysis of its expression during development showed that Mn-CTSD peaked during the O-IV stage of ovarian maturation. For the RNAi interference experiment, female M. nipponense specimens in the ovary stage I were selected. Injection of Mn-CTSD double-stranded (ds)RNA into female M. nipponense decreased the expression of Mn-CTSD in the ovaries, such that the Gonad Somatic Index (GSI) of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.79% versus 4.57%; p < 0.05). Ovary development reached the O-III stage in 80% of the control group, compared with 0% in the experimental group. These results suggest that Mn-CTSD dsRNA inhibits ovarian maturation in M. nipponense, highlighting its important role in ovarian maturation in this species and suggesting an approach to controlling ovarian maturation during M. nipponense aquaculture.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li P, Zhang J, Liu X, Gan L, Xie Y, Zhang H, Si J. The Function and the Affecting Factors of the Zebrafish Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903471. [PMID: 35722341 PMCID: PMC9201518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has become a topical issue in unraveling the research mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression. As an important and potential "organ," gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolic function and immune response, angiogenesis and host growth. More recently, zebrafish models have been used to study the interactions between gut microbiota and hosts. It has several advantages, such as short reproductive cycle, low rearing cost, transparent larvae, high genomic similarity to humans, and easy construction of germ-free (GF) and transgenic zebrafish. In our review, we reviewed a large amount of data focusing on the close relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Moreover, we outlined the functions of gut microbiota in regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, metabolic function, and immune response. More, we summarized major factors that can influence the composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota, which will help us to understand the significance of gut microbiota in regulating host biological functions and provide options for maintaining the balance of host health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lysosomal Function Impacts the Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040052. [PMID: 34842731 PMCID: PMC8629007 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle development and homeostasis are critical for normal muscle function. A key aspect of muscle physiology during development, growth, and homeostasis is modulation of protein turnover, the balance between synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. Protein degradation depends upon lysosomal pH, generated and maintained by proton pumps. Sphingolipid transporter 1 (spns1), a highly conserved gene encoding a putative late endosome/lysosome carbohydrate/H+ symporter, plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimal lysosomal pH and spns1−/− mutants undergo premature senescence. However, the impact of dysregulated lysosomal pH on muscle development and homeostasis is not well understood. We found that muscle development proceeds normally in spns1−/− mutants prior to the onset of muscle degeneration. Dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) at the myotendinous junction (MTJ) coincided with the onset of muscle degeneration in spns1−/− mutants. Expression of the ECM proteins laminin 111 and MMP-9 was upregulated. Upregulation of laminin 111 mitigated the severity of muscle degeneration, as inhibition of adhesion to laminin 111 exacerbated muscle degeneration in spns1−/− mutants. MMP-9 upregulation was induced by tnfsf12 signaling, but abrogation of MMP-9 did not impact muscle degeneration in spns1−/− mutants. Taken together, these data indicate that dysregulated lysosomal pH impacts expression of ECM proteins at the myotendinous junction.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu XM, Chen JL, Abbas MN, Gul I, Kausar S, Dai LS. Characterization of the cathepsin D in Procambarus clarkii and its biological role in innate immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103766. [PMID: 32525034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D belongs to aspartic protease family, produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and then transported to lysosomes, where it participates in various physiological processes. Despite its importance, only a few reports available on the functional role of cathepsin D in crustaceans. Herein, we cloned a cDNA fragment of cathepsin D from the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-cathepsin D) for the first time. It included 1158 base pairs open reading frame, encoding a protein of 385 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis confirmed the presence of aspartic proteinase active sites and N glycosylation sites. Pc-cathepsin D mRNA expression was high in the gills followed by gut, heart, hepatopancreas of P. clarkii. At different time points post-infection with lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic polycytidylic acid, Pc-cathepsin D mRNA expression significantly enhanced compared with the control group. Knockdown of the Pc-cathepsin D by double-stranded RNA, strikingly, changed the expression of all the tested P. clarkii immune-associated genes, including Pc-Toll, Pc-lectin, Pc-cactus, Pc-anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, Pc-phospholipase, and Pc-sptzale. Altogether, these results suggest that Pc-cathepsin D is needed to confer innate immunity against microbial pathogens by modulating the expression of crucial transcripts that encode immune-associated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Peterson RT. Modeling Lysosomal Storage Diseases in the Zebrafish. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:82. [PMID: 32435656 PMCID: PMC7218095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of 70 metabolic disorders characterized by mutations in lysosomal proteins that lead to storage material accumulation, multiple-organ pathologies that often involve neurodegeneration, and early mortality in a significant number of patients. Along with the necessity for more effective therapies, there exists an unmet need for further understanding of disease etiology, which could uncover novel pathways and drug targets. Over the past few decades, the growth in knowledge of disease-associated pathways has been facilitated by studies in model organisms, as advancements in mutagenesis techniques markedly improved the efficiency of model generation in mammalian and non-mammalian systems. In this review we highlight non-mammalian models of LSDs, focusing specifically on the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism that shares remarkable genetic and metabolic similarities with mammals while also conferring unique advantages such as optical transparency and amenability toward high-throughput applications. We examine published zebrafish LSD models and their reported phenotypes, address organism-specific advantages and limitations, and discuss recent technological innovations that could provide potential solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - R T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rosenberg JB, Chen A, Kaminsky SM, Crystal RG, Sondhi D. Advances in the Treatment of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019; 7:473-500. [PMID: 33365208 PMCID: PMC7755158 DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1684258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) represent a class of neurodegenerative disorders involving defective lysosomal processing enzymes or receptors, leading to lysosomal storage disorders, typically characterized by observation of cognitive and visual impairments, epileptic seizures, ataxia, and deterioration of motor skills. Recent success of a biologic (Brineura®) for the treatment of neurologic manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS) has led to renewed interest in therapeutics for NCL, with the goal of ablating or reversing the impact of these devastating disorders. Despite complex challenges associated with CNS therapy, many treatment modalities have been evaluated, including enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and small molecule pharmacotherapy. Because the clinical endpoints for the evaluation of candidate therapies are complex and often reliant on subjective clinical scales, the development of quantitative biomarkers for NCLs has become an apparent necessity for the validation of potential treatments. We will discuss the latest findings in the search for relevant biomarkers for assessing disease progression. For this review, we will focus primarily on recent pre-clinical and clinical developments for treatments to halt or cure these NCL diseases. Continued development of current therapies and discovery of newer modalities will be essential for successful therapeutics for NCL. AREAS COVERED The reader will be introduced to the NCL subtypes, natural histories, experimental animal models, and biomarkers for NCL progression; challenges and different therapeutic approaches, and the latest pre-clinical and clinical research for therapeutic development for the various NCLs. This review corresponds to the literatures covering the years from 1968 to mid-2019, but primarily addresses pre-clinical and clinical developments for the treatment of NCL disease in the last decade and as a follow-up to our 2013 review of the same topic in this journal. EXPERT OPINION Much progress has been made in the treatment of neurologic diseases, such as the NCLs, including better animal models and improved therapeutics with better survival outcomes. Encouraging results are being reported at symposiums and in the literature, with multiple therapeutics reaching the clinical trial stage for the NCLs. The potential for a cure could be at hand after many years of trial and error in the preclinical studies. The clinical development of enzyme replacement therapy (Brineura® for CLN2), immunosuppression (CellCept® for CLN3), and gene therapy vectors (for CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, and CLN6) are providing encouragement to families that have a child afflicted with NCL. We believe that successful therapies in the future may involve the combination of two or more therapeutic modalities to provide therapeutic benefit especially as the patients grow older.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Rosenberg
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alvin Chen
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Stephen M Kaminsky
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dolan Sondhi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huber RJ, Hughes SM, Liu W, Morgan A, Tuxworth RI, Russell C. The contribution of multicellular model organisms to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165614. [PMID: 31783156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NCLs (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) are forms of neurodegenerative disease that affect people of all ages and ethnicities but are most prevalent in children. Commonly known as Batten disease, this debilitating neurological disorder is comprised of 13 different subtypes that are categorized based on the particular gene that is mutated (CLN1-8, CLN10-14). The pathological mechanisms underlying the NCLs are not well understood due to our poor understanding of the functions of NCL proteins. Only one specific treatment (enzyme replacement therapy) is approved, which is for the treating the brain in CLN2 disease. Hence there remains a desperate need for further research into disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we present and evaluate the genes, proteins and studies performed in the social amoeba, nematode, fruit fly, zebrafish, mouse and large animals pertinent to NCL. In particular, we highlight the use of multicellular model organisms to study NCL protein function, pathology and pathomechanisms. Their use in testing novel therapeutic approaches is also presented. With this information, we highlight how future research in these systems may be able to provide new insight into NCL protein functions in human cells and aid in the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre and Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wenfei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Russell
- Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Maeji M, Balboula AZ, Aboelenain M, Fujii T, Moriyasu S, Bai H, Kawahara M, Takahashi M. Dynamic status of lysosomal cathepsin in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2019; 66:9-17. [PMID: 31685761 PMCID: PMC7040204 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsin, in particular cathepsin B (CTSB), plays an important role in implantation, pregnancy, and embryonic development. However, little is known about the mechanism related to
the dynamic status of lysosomal cathepsins in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. In the present study, we investigated the dynamics of gene expression, activity, and
immunolocalization of CTSB, as well as the activities of lysosome, in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. After gene expression analysis of several cathepsin-related genes,
transcript levels of CTSB, CTSD and CTSZ were highest in Metaphase II (MII) oocytes followed by a significant decrease from the 8-cell embryo stage.
Activity of CTSB showed a significant increase in 1-cell and morula stage embryos. Lysosomal activity was also significant higher in 1-cell and morula stages, which was consistent with CTSB
activities. However, immunolocalization of CTSB did not show the similar pattern of CTSB and lysosomal activities. We also found significantly higher expression levels of
CTSB transcript in the trophectoderm (TE) compared to inner cell mass (ICM), whereas activity and immunolocalization of CTSB showed an opposite pattern, i.e. significantly
higher in ICM than TE. These patterns were confirmed by the same analysis using separated ICM and TE. Our results suggest that lysosomal CTSB has a pivotal role during embryonic development
and differentiation, especially fertilization and the differentiation period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mana Maeji
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ahmed Zaky Balboula
- Animal Sciences Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mansour Aboelenain
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Satoru Moriyasu
- Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources(GSF), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan.,Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parousis A, Carter HN, Tran C, Erlich AT, Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Pauly M, Hood DA. Contractile activity attenuates autophagy suppression and reverses mitochondrial defects in skeletal muscle cells. Autophagy 2018; 14:1886-1897. [PMID: 30078345 PMCID: PMC6152519 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1491488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a survival mechanism that facilitates protein turnover in post-mitotic cells in a lysosomal-dependent process. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy, which arbitrates the selective recognition and targeting of aberrant mitochondria for degradation. Mitochondrial content in cells is the net balance of mitochondrial catabolism via mitophagy, and organelle biogenesis. Although the latter process has been well described, mitophagy in skeletal muscle is less understood, and it is currently unknown how these two opposing mechanisms converge during contractile activity. Here we show that chronic contractile activity (CCA) in muscle cells induced mitochondrial biogenesis and coordinately enhanced the expression of TFEB (transcription factor EB) and PPARGC1A/PGC-1α, master regulators of lysosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. CCA also enhanced the expression of PINK1 and the lysosomal protease CTSD (cathepsin D). Autophagy blockade with bafilomycin A1 (BafA) reduced mitochondrial state 3 and 4 respiration, increased ROS production and enhanced the accumulation of MAP1LC3B-II/LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62. CCA ameliorated this mitochondrial dysfunction during defective autophagy, increased PPARGC1A, normalized LC3-II levels and reversed mitochondrially-localized SQSTM1 toward control levels. NAC emulated the LC3-II reductions induced by contractile activity, signifying that a decrease in oxidative stress could represent a mechanism of autophagy normalization brought about by CCA. CCA enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and lysosomal activity, and normalizes autophagy flux during autophagy suppression, partly via ROS-dependent mechanisms. Thus, contractile activity represents a potential therapeutic intervention for diseases in which autophagy is inhibited, such as vacuolar myopathies in skeletal muscle, by establishing a healthy equilibrium of anabolic and catabolic pathways. ABBREVIATIONS AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BafA: bafilomycin A1; BNIP3L: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CCA: chronic contractile activity; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LSD: lysosomal storage diseases; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Parousis
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather N. Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia Tran
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avigail T. Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra S. Mesbah Moosavi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Pauly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gwon SH, Kim HK, Baek HJ, Lee YD, Kwon JY. Cathepsin B & D and the Survival of Early Embryos in Red Spotted Grouper, Ephinephelus akaara. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:457-466. [PMID: 29354791 PMCID: PMC5769140 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Survival of embryos largely depends on yolk processing during early development. Proteolytic enzymes, cathepsin B & D (ctsb & ctsd) are known to have some important roles in yolk processing of various fish species. Mature female red spotted groupers were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to induce ovulation. The fertilized eggs and embryos were sampled at 0, 4 and 24 HPF (hours post fertilization). Survivals of each groups of embryos were checked at 24 and 48 HPH (hours post hatching). Transcripts of ctsb & ctsd showed the highest level at 0 HPF and relatively high at 4 HPF, but greatly decreased at 24 HPF. In bad egg quality group (BE, embryos survived until 24 HPH), transcript level of ctsb at 4 HPF were significantly lower than the transcript level at the same stage in good egg quality group (GE, embryos survived until 48 HPH) while no significant change of ctsb transcript level was observed at 0 or 24 HPF between BE and GE. Transcript level of ctsd was decreased at 24 HPF, but the difference was not as strong as the case of ctsb transcript. These results suggest that maternal ctsb transcript rather than ctsd transcript is likely to be involved in egg quality resulting in the difference of survival rate of embryos at early developmental period in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hui Gwon
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kim
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hea Ja Baek
- Dept. of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Young-Don Lee
- Dept. of Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
| | - Joon Yeong Kwon
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos-Ledo A, Garcia-Macia M, Campbell PD, Gronska M, Marlow FL. Kinesin-1 promotes chondrocyte maintenance during skeletal morphogenesis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006918. [PMID: 28715414 PMCID: PMC5536392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During skeletal morphogenesis diverse mechanisms are used to support bone formation. This can be seen in the bones that require a cartilage template for their development. In mammals the cartilage template is removed, but in zebrafish the cartilage template persists and the bone mineralizes around the cartilage scaffold. Remodeling of unmineralized cartilage occurs via planar cell polarity (PCP) mediated cell rearrangements that contribute to lengthening of elements; however, the mechanisms that maintain the chondrocyte template that supports perichondral ossification remain unclear. We report double mutants disrupting two zebrafish kinesin-I genes (hereafter kif5Blof) that we generated using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. We show that zygotic Kif5Bs have a conserved function in maintaining muscle integrity, and are required for cartilage remodeling and maintenance during craniofacial morphogenesis by a PCP-distinct mechanism. Further, kif5Blof does not activate ER stress response genes, but instead disrupts lysosomal function, matrix secretion, and causes deregulated autophagic markers and eventual chondrocyte apoptosis. Ultrastructural and transplantation analysis reveal neighboring cells engulfing extruded kif5Blof chondrocytes. Initial cartilage specification is intact; however, during remodeling, kif5Blof chondrocytes die and the cartilage matrix devoid of hypertrophic chondrocytes remains and impedes normal ossification. Chimeric and mosaic analyses indicate that Kif5B functions cell-autonomously in secretion, nuclear position, cell elongation and maintenance of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Interestingly, large groups of wild-type cells can support elongation of neighboring mutant cells. Finally, mosaic expression of kif5Ba, but not kif5Aa in cartilage rescues the chondrocyte phenotype, further supporting a specific requirement for Kif5B. Cumulatively, we show essential Kif5B functions in promoting cartilage remodeling and chondrocyte maintenance during zebrafish craniofacial morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Santos-Ledo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Genetic Medicine. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biosciences. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cellular Medicine. Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Campbell
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta Gronska
- Department of Neuroscience. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Cell Developmental and Regenerative Biology Department. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palomino J, Herrera G, Torres-Fuentes J, Dettleff P, Patel A, Martínez V. Assessment of cathepsin mRNA expression and enzymatic activity during early embryonic development in the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 180:23-29. [PMID: 28262464 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In pelagic species such as Seriola lalandi, survival of both the eggs and embryos depends on yolk processing during oocyte maturation and embryo development. The main enzymes involved in these processes are the cathepsins, which are essential for the hydration process, acquiring buoyancy and nutrition of the embryo before hatching. This study aimed to investigate the mRNA expression profiles of cathepsins B, D and L (catb, catd and catl) and the activity of these enzymes during early development in S. lalandi. We included previtellogenic oocytes (PO). All three enzymes were highly expressed in PO, but the expression was reduced throughout development. Between PO and recently spawned eggs (E1) the transcript to catb and catd decreased, unlike catl. Cathepsin B activity, showed stable levels between PO until blastula stage (E4). High activities levels of cathepsins D and L were observed in E1 in comparison with later developmental stages. Cathepsin L activity remained constant until E1, consistent with observations in other pelagic spawners, where its participation in a second protolithic cleavage of the yolk proteins, has been proposed for this enzyme. Their profiles of both mRNA expression and enzymatic activity indicate the importance of these enzymes during early development and suggest different roles in egg yolk processing for the hydration process and nutrition in early embryos in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Palomino
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile; Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giannina Herrera
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile; Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Torres-Fuentes
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Phillip Dettleff
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alok Patel
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Martínez
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ketterer S, Gomez-Auli A, Hillebrand LE, Petrera A, Ketscher A, Reinheckel T. Inherited diseases caused by mutations in cathepsin protease genes. FEBS J 2017; 284:1437-1454. [PMID: 27926992 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes increasingly recognized as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in a variety of diseases. In those conditions, the cathepsins are mostly overexpressed, thereby driving the respective pathogenic processes. Although less known, there are also diseases with a genetic deficiency of cathepsins. In fact, nowadays 6 of the 15 human proteases called 'cathepsins' have been linked to inherited syndromes. However, only three of these syndromes are typical lysosomal storage diseases, while the others are apparently caused by defective cleavage of specific protein substrates. Here, we will provide an introduction on lysosomal cathepsins, followed by a brief description of the clinical symptoms of the various genetic diseases. For each disease, we focus on the known mutations of which many have been only recently identified by modern genome sequencing approaches. We further discuss the effect of the respective mutation on protease structure and activity, the resulting pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ketterer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Auli
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Larissa E Hillebrand
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anett Ketscher
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Su S, Zhu X, Lin L, Chen X, Wang Y, Zi J, Dong Y, Xie Y, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhu J, Xu D, Xu N, Lou X, Liu S. Lowering Endogenous Cathepsin D Abundance Results in Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Cell Senescence. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 16:1217-1232. [PMID: 26657266 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D is reportedly to be closely associated with tumor development, migration, and invasion, but its pathological mechanism is not fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate phenotypic changes and molecular events in response to cathepsin D knockdown. Lowering endogenous cathepsin D abundance (CR) induced senescence in HeLa cells, leading to reduced rate of cell proliferation and impaired tumorigenesis in a mouse model. Quantitative proteomics revealed that compared with control cells (EV), the abundances of several typical lysosomal proteases were decreased in the lysosomal fraction in CR cells. We further showed that cathepsin D knockdown caused increased permeability of lysosomal membrane and reactive oxygen species accumulation in CR cells, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species by antioxidant was able to rescue cell senescence. Despite the increased reactive oxygen species, the proteomic data suggested a global reduction of redox-related proteins in CR cells. Subsequent analysis indicated that the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of groups of antioxidant enzymes, was down-regulated by cathepsin D knockdown. Importantly, Nrf2 overexpression significantly reduced cell senescence. Although transient oxidative stress promoted the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus, we showed that the Nrf2 protein exited nucleus if oxidative stress persisted. In addition, when cathepsin D was transiently knocked down, the cathepsin-related events followed a sequential order, including lysosomal leakage during the early stage, followed by oxidative stress augmentation, and ultimately Nrf2 down-regulation and senescence. Our results suggest the roles of cathepsin D in cancer cells in maintaining lysosomal integrity, redox balance, and Nrf2 activity, thus promoting tumorigenesis. The MS Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002844.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Su
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Xu Zhu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101
| | - Liang Lin
- ¶Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518083
| | - Xianwei Chen
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Yang Wang
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Jin Zi
- ¶Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518083
| | - Yusheng Dong
- ‖Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing, China, 101318
| | - Yingying Xie
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Ju Zhang
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101
| | - Dan Xu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- **Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100021
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101;
| | - Siqi Liu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101; .,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100049
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Faller KME, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Mohammed A, Rahim AA, Tuxworth RI, Wager K, Bond M. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: Opportunities from model systems. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2267-78. [PMID: 25937302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of severe and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, generally with childhood onset. Despite the fact that these diseases remain fatal, significant breakthroughs have been made in our understanding of the genetics that underpin these conditions. This understanding has allowed the development of a broad range of models to study disease processes, and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Such models have contributed significantly to our knowledge of these conditions. In this review we will focus on the advantages of each individual model, describe some of the contributions the models have made to our understanding of the broader disease biology and highlight new techniques and approaches relevant to the study and potential treatment of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiterie M E Faller
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alamin Mohammed
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kim Wager
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Michael Bond
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College of London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao R, Zhang Z, Wang H, Han Y, Gou M, Li B, Duan D, Wang J, Liu X, Li Q. Identification and characterization of a cathepsin D homologue from lampreys (Lampetra japonica). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:149-156. [PMID: 25450905 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) is a lysosomal aspartic proteinase of the pepsin superfamily which participates in various digestive processes within the cell. In the present study, the full length cDNA of a novel cathepsin D homologue was cloned from the buccal glands of lampreys (Lampetra japonica) for the first time, including a 124-bp 5' terminal untranslated region (5'-UTR), a 1194-bp open reading frame encoding 397 amino acids, and a 472-bp 3'-UTR. Lamprey cathepsin D is composed of a signal peptide (Met 1-Ala 20), a propeptide domain (Leu 21-Ala 48) and a mature domain (Glu 76-Val 397), and has a conserved bilobal structure. Cathepsin D was widely distributed in the buccal glands, immune bodies, hearts, intestines, kidneys, livers, and gills of lampreys. After challenging with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, the expression level of lamprey cathepsin D in the buccal gland was 8.5-fold or 6.5-fold higher than that in the PBS group. In addition, lamprey cathepsin D stimulated with Escherichia coli was also up-regulated in the hearts, kidneys, and intestines. As for the Staphylococcus aureus challenged group, the expression level of lamprey cathepsin D was found increased in the intestines. The above results revealed that lamprey cathepsin D may play key roles in immune response to exogenous pathogen and could serve as a potential antibacterial agent in the near future. In addition, lamprey cathepsin D was subcloned into pcDNA 3.1 vector and expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The recombinant lamprey cathepsin D could degrade hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and serum albumin which are the major components in the blood, suggested that lamprey cathepsin D may also act as a digestive enzyme during the adaptation to a blood-feeding lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Meng Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Dandan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hersheson J, Burke D, Clayton R, Anderson G, Jacques TS, Mills P, Wood NW, Gissen P, Clayton P, Fearnley J, Mole SE, Houlden H. Cathepsin D deficiency causes juvenile-onset ataxia and distinctive muscle pathology. Neurology 2014; 83:1873-5. [PMID: 25298308 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hersheson
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Derek Burke
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Robert Clayton
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Peter Clayton
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Julian Fearnley
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Sara E Mole
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- From UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H., N.W.W., H.H.); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (D.B., G.A., T.S.J.); UCL Institute of Child Health (R.C., T.S.J., P.M., P.G.); Barts NHS Trust (J.F.), Royal London Hospital; and UCL (P.G., S.E.M.), London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wager K, Mahmood F, Russell C. Modelling inborn errors of metabolism in zebrafish. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:483-95. [PMID: 24797558 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of human inborn errors of metabolism are fatal multisystem disorders that lack proper treatment and have a poorly understood mechanistic basis. Novel technologies are required to address this issue, and the use of zebrafish to model these diseases is an emerging field. Here we present the published zebrafish models of inborn metabolic diseases, discuss their validity, and review the novel mechanistic insights that they have provided. We also review the available methods for creating and studying zebrafish disease models, advantages and disadvantages of using this model organism, and successful examples of the use of zebrafish for drug discovery and development. Using a zebrafish to model inborn errors of metabolism in vivo, although still in its infancy, shows promise for a deeper understanding of disease pathomechanisms, onset, and progression, and also for the development of specific therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wager
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|