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González-Alfonso WL, Petrosyan P, Del Razo LM, Sánchez-Peña LC, Tapia-Rodríguez M, Hernández-Muñoz R, Gonsebatt ME. Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride Starting at Gestation Alters Liver Mitochondrial Protein Expression and Induces Early Onset of Liver Fibrosis in Male Mouse Offspring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04198-1. [PMID: 38676876 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) in drinking water is of concern due to the enormous number of individuals exposed to this condition worldwide. Studies in cultured cells and animal models have shown that As- or F-induced hepatotoxicity is primarily associated with redox disturbance and altered mitochondrial homeostasis. To explore the hepatotoxic effects of chronic combined exposure to As and F- in drinking water, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to 2 mg/L As (sodium arsenite) and/or 25 mg/L F- (sodium fluoride). The male offspring continued the exposure treatment up to 30 (P30) or 90 (P90) postnatal days. GSH levels, cysteine synthesis enzyme activities, and cysteine transporter levels were investigated in liver homogenates, as well as the expression of biomarkers of ferroptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. Serum transaminase levels and Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson trichrome-stained liver tissue slices were examined. Combined exposure at P30 significantly reduced GSH levels and the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression while increasing lipid peroxidation, free Fe 2+, p53 expression, and serum ALT activity. At P90, the upregulation of cysteine uptake and synthesis was associated with a recovery of GSH levels. Nevertheless, the downregulation of TFAM continued and was now associated with a downstream inhibition of the expression of MT-CO2 and reduced levels of mtDNA and fibrotic liver damage. Our experimental approach using human-relevant doses gives evidence of the increased risk for early liver damage associated with elevated levels of As and F- in the diet during intrauterine and postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L González-Alfonso
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz C Sánchez-Peña
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Microscopia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México.
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Li S, Peng M, Tan S, Oyang L, Lin J, Xia L, Wang J, Wu N, Jiang X, Peng Q, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The roles and molecular mechanisms of non-coding RNA in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38238756 PMCID: PMC10795359 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key features of cancer is energy metabolic reprogramming which is tightly related to cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. NcRNAs are a class of RNAs having no protein-coding potential and mainly include microRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. Accumulated evidence has suggested that ncRNAs play an essential role in regulating cancer metabolic reprogramming, and the altered metabolic networks mediated by ncRNAs primarily drive carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes and transporter proteins. Importantly, accumulated research has revealed that dysregulated ncRNAs mediate metabolic reprogramming contributing to the generation of therapeutic tolerance. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs in cancer metabolic reprogramming can provide promising metabolism-related therapeutic targets for treatment as well as overcome therapeutic tolerance. In conclusion, this review updates the latest molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs related to cancer metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiewen Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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3
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Hu B, Zhao C, Pan X, Wei H, Mo G, Xian M, Luo W, Nie Q, Li H, Zhang X. Local GHR roles in regulation of mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:148. [PMID: 37337300 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoblast differentiation requires metabolic reprogramming driven by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. The canonical GH-GHR-IGFs axis in liver exhibits a great complexity in response to somatic growth. However, the underlying mechanism of whether local GHR acts as a control valve to regulate mitochondrial function through mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation remains unknown. METHODS We manipulated the GHR expression in chicken primary myoblast to investigate its roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and function during myoblast differentiation. RESULTS We reported that GHR is induced during myoblast differentiation. Local GHR promoted mitochondrial biogenesis during myoblast differentiation, as determined by the fluorescence intensity of Mito-Tracker Green staining and MitoTimer reporter system, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α, NRF1, TFAM) and mtDNA encoded gene (ND1, CYTB, COX1, ATP6), as well as mtDNA content. Consistently, local GHR enhanced mitochondrial function during myoblast differentiation, as determined by the oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level and ROS production. We next revealed that the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function by GHR depends on IGF1. In terms of the underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that IGF1 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Additionally, GHR knockdown repressed myoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data corroborate that local GHR acts as a control valve to enhance mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis via IGF1-PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway during myoblast differentiation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Liu X, Chen J, Zhang S, Liu X, Long X, Lan J, Zhou M, Zheng L, Zhou J. LINC00839 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting RUVBL1/Tip60 complexes to activate NRF1. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54128. [PMID: 35876654 PMCID: PMC9442307 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA LINC00839 has been shown to be involved in the progression of some cancer types, such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma. However, if LINC00839 has roles in colorectal cancer (CRC), it has not been elucidated so far. Here, we focus on the biological role and involved mechanisms of LINC00839 in CRC. We show that LINC00839 is selectively upregulated in CRC and locates to the nucleus. High expression of LINC00839 is associated with poor outcomes in CRC patients. Functional experiments show that LINC00839 promotes CRC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00839 recruits Ruvb1 to the Tip60 complex and increases its acetylase activity. LINC00839 guides the complex to the NRF1 promoter and promotes acetylation of lysines 5 and 8 of histones H4, thereby upregulating the expression of NRF1. Subsequently, NRF1 activates mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, thereby promoting CRC progression. In summary, our study reports on a mechanism by which LINC00839 positively regulates NRF1, thus promoting mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, as well as CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Long
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Lan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Wang X, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang S, Hu L. Dysfunction of metabolic activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in aged mice. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13191. [PMID: 35088483 PMCID: PMC8891618 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Evidences have suggested that the metabolic function is the key regulator to the fate of MSCs, but its function in senescence of MSC and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic activity of MSCs and its possible mechanism during aging. Materials and Methods We used the Seahorse XF24 Analyzer to understand OCR and ECAR in BMSCs and used RT‐PCR to analyze the gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and key enzymes in glycolysis. We analyzed BMSC mitochondrial activity by MitoTracker Deep Red and JC‐1 staining, and detected NAD+/NADH ratio and ATP levels in BMSCs. Microarray and proteomic analyses were performed to detect differentially expressed genes and proteins in BMSCs. The impact of aging on BMSCs through mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) was evaluated by Rotenone and Coenzyme Q10. Results Our results demonstrated that the oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic activity of BMSCs in aged mice were significantly decreased when compared with young mice. BMSCs in aged mice had lower mitochondrial membrane potential, NAD+/NADH ratio, and ATP production than young mice. FABP4 may play a key role in BMSC senescence caused by fatty acid metabolism disorders. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicated the dysfunction of the metabolic activity of BMSCs in aged mice, which would play the important role in the impaired biological properties. Therefore, the regulation of metabolic activity may be a potential therapeutic target for enhancing the regenerative functions of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Guo Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yan H, Zheng P, Luo Y, Yu J, Chen H. Effect of dietary dihydromyricetin supplementation on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in mice. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:555-562. [PMID: 34866549 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2006204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary dihydromyricetin (DHM) supplementation on lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and muscle fiber type transformation. Twenty-four male Kunming mice were randomly allotted to either control (basal diet) or DHM diets (supplemented with 300 mg/kg DHM). Our data showed that DHM administration decreased the triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents, and increased the catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum. In the liver, DHM decreased the TG and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the T-SOD and GSH-Px activities. For the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, DHM increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level and T-SOD activities. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that DHM increased the protein and mRNA levels of MyHC I and MyHC IIa and decreased the protein and mRNA levels of MyHC IIb in TA muscle, which may be achieved by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal. The mRNA levels of several regulatory factors related to mitochondrial function were up-regulated by DHM. In conclusion, dietary 300 mg/kg DHM supplementation improved lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity and promoted the transformation of muscle fiber type from glycolysis to oxidation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, P. R. China
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7
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Gautam S, Kumar U, Kumar M, Rana D, Dada R. Yoga improves mitochondrial health and reduces severity of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:147-159. [PMID: 33741520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Various environmental triggers like air pollutants, smoking, unhealthy social habits and sedentary lifestyle induce OS, which may compromise mitochondrial integrity. This trial was designed to explore the effect of 8-weeks yoga practice on mitochondrial health and disease severity in an active RA group compared with a usual-care control group. METHODS A total of 70 subjects were randomized into two groups: yoga group and non-yoga group. Mitochondrial health was assessed by calculation of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), OS markers, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), circadian rhythm markers and transcripts associated with mitochondrial integrity: AMPK, TIMP-1, KLOTHO, SIRT-1, and TFAM. Parameters of disease activity and disability quotient were also assessed by disease activity score - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI), respectively. RESULTS In yoga group, there was a significant upregulation of mtDNA-CN, mitochondrial activity markers, ΔΨm, and transcripts that maintain mitochondrial integrity after 8-weeks of yoga. There was optimization of OS markers, and circadian rhythm markers post 8-weeks practice of yoga. Yoga group participants showed significant improvements in DAS28-ESR (p < 0.05) and HAQ-DI (p < 0.05) over the non-yoga group. CONCLUSION Adoption of yoga by RA patients holds the key to enhance mitochondrial health, improve circadian rhythm markers, OS marker regulation, upregulation of transcripts that maintain mitochondrial integrity, reduce disease activity and its associated consequences on health outcome and hence can be beneficial as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gautam
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Rana
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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8
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Schneider S, De Cegli R, Nagarajan J, Kretschmer V, Matthiessen PA, Intartaglia D, Hotaling N, Ueffing M, Boldt K, Conte I, May-Simera HL. Loss of Ciliary Gene Bbs8 Results in Physiological Defects in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607121. [PMID: 33681195 PMCID: PMC7930748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles vital for developmental and physiological processes. Their dysfunction causes a range of phenotypes including retinopathies. Although primary cilia have been described in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), little is known about their contribution to biological processes within this tissue. Ciliary proteins are increasingly being identified in non-ciliary locations and might carry out additional functions, disruption of which possibly contributes to pathology. The RPE is essential for maintaining photoreceptor cells and visual function. We demonstrate that upon loss of Bbs8, predominantly thought to be a ciliary gene, the RPE shows changes in gene and protein expression initially involved in signaling pathways and developmental processes, and at a later time point RPE homeostasis and function. Differentially regulated molecules affecting the cytoskeleton and cellular adhesion, led to defective cellular polarization and morphology associated with a possible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype. Our data highlights the benefit of combinatorial “omics” approaches with in vivo data for investigating the function of ciliopathy proteins. It also emphasizes the importance of ciliary proteins in the RPE and their contribution to visual disorders, which must be considered when designing treatment strategies for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schneider
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jayapriya Nagarajan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Viola Kretschmer
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Andreas Matthiessen
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Nathan Hotaling
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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9
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IDH2 Deficiency Is Critical in Myogenesis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165596. [PMID: 32764267 PMCID: PMC7460611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate with concurrent reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. However, it is not fully understood how IDH2 is intertwined with muscle development and fatty acid metabolism. Here, we examined the effects of IDH2 knockout (KO) on skeletal muscle energy homeostasis. Calf skeletal muscle samples from 10-week-old male IDH2 KO and wild-type (WT; C57BL/6N) mice were harvested, and the ratio of skeletal muscle weight to body and the ratio of mitochondrial to nucleic DNA were measured. In addition, genes involved in myogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis, adipogenesis, and thermogenesis were compared. Results showed that the ratio of skeletal muscle weight to body weight was lower in IDH2 KO mice than those in WT mice. Of note, a noticeable shift in fiber size distribution was found in IDH2 KO mice. Additionally, there was a trend of a decrease in mitochondrial content in IDH2 KO mice than in WT mice (p = 0.09). Further, mRNA expressions for myogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis were either decreased or showed a trend of decrease in IDH2 KO mice. Moreover, genes for adipogenesis pathway (Pparg, Znf423, and Fat1) were downregulated in IDH2 KO mice. Interestingly, mRNA and protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a hallmark of thermogenesis, were remarkably increased in IDH2 KO mice. In line with the UCP1 expression, IDH2 KO mice showed higher rectal temperature than WT mice under cold stress. Taken together, IDH2 deficiency may affect myogenesis, possibly due to impairments of muscle generation and abnormal fatty acid oxidation as well as thermogenesis in muscle via upregulation of UCP1.
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10
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Apoptosome-dependent myotube formation involves activation of caspase-3 in differentiating myoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32366831 PMCID: PMC7198528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2, -9, and -3 are reported to control myoblast differentiation into myotubes. This had been previously explained by phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic myoblasts inducing differentiation in neighboring cells. Here we show for the first time that caspase-3 is activated in the myoblasts undergoing differentiation. Using RNAi, we also demonstrate that differentiation requires both cytochrome c and Apaf-1, and by using a new pharmacological approach, we show that apoptosome formation is required. We also show that Bid, whose cleavage links caspase-2 to the mitochondrial death pathway, was required for differentiation, and that the caspase cleavage product, tBid, was generated during differentiation. Taken together, these data suggest that myoblast differentiation requires caspase-2 activation of the mitochondrial death pathway, and that this occurs in the cells that differentiate. Our data also reveal a hierarchy of caspases in differentiation with caspase-2 upstream of apoptosome activation, and exerting a more profound control of differentiation, while caspases downstream of the apoptosome primarily control cell fusion.
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11
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Marchi S, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Zavan B. Citrate Mediates Crosstalk between Mitochondria and the Nucleus to Promote Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell In Vitro Osteogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041034. [PMID: 32326298 PMCID: PMC7226543 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate, generated in the mitochondria, is a key metabolite that might link metabolism with signaling, chromatin structure and transcription to orchestrate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate determination. Based on a detailed morphological analysis of 3D reconstruction of mitochondria and nuclei in single cells, we identified contact sites between these organelles that drastically increase in volume and number during the early stage of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. These contact sites create a microdomain that facilitates exchange of signals from mitochondria to the nucleus. Interestingly, we found that the citrate derived from mitochondria is necessary for osteogenic lineage determination. Indeed, inhibition of the citrate transporter system dramatically affected osteogenesis, reduced citrate levels that could be converted in α-ketoglutarate, and consequently affected epigenetic marker H3K9me3 associated with the osteogenesis differentiation process. These findings highlight that mitochondrial metabolites play key regulatory roles in the MSCs differentiation process. Further in-depth investigation is needed to provide novel therapeutic strategies in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (B.Z.)
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12
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Tang Q, Lu M, Xu B, Wang Y, Lu S, Yu Z, Jing X, Yuan J. Electroacupuncture Regulates Inguinal White Adipose Tissue Browning by Promoting Sirtuin-1-Dependent PPAR γ Deacetylation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607113. [PMID: 33551999 PMCID: PMC7859442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies had suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) can promote white adipose tissue (WAT) browning to counter obesity. But the mechanism was still not very clear. AIM In this study, we aim to study the effect of EA on promoting inguinal WAT (iWAT) browning and its possible mechanism. METHOD Three-week-old rats were randomly divided into a normal diet (ND) group and a high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 10 weeks, the HFD rats were grouped into HFD + EA group and HFD control group. Rats in the EA group were electro-acupunctured for 4 weeks on Tianshu (ST25) acupoint under gas anesthesia with isoflurane, while the rats in HFD group were under gas anesthesia only. Body weight and cumulative food intake were monitored, and H&E staining was performed to assess adipocyte area. The effect of EA on WAT was assessed by qPCR, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and Co-immunoprecipitation. Mitochondria were isolated from IWAT to observe the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). RESULTS The body weight, WAT/body weight ratio and cumulative food consumption obviously decreased (P < 0.05) in the EA group. The expressions of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers were increased in the iWAT of EA rats. Nevertheless, the mRNA expressions of WAT genes were suppressed by 4-week EA treatment. Moreover, EA increased the protein expressions of SIRT-1, PPARγ, PGC-1α, UCP1 and PRDM16 which trigger the molecular conversion of iWAT browning. The decrease of PPARγ acetylation was also found in EA group, indicating EA could advance WAT-browning through SIRT-1 dependent PPARγ deacetylation pathway. Besides, we found that EA could activate AMPK to further regulate PGC-1α-TFAM-UCP1 pathway to induce mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, EA can remodel WAT to BAT through inducing SIRT-1 dependent PPARγ deacetylation, and regulating PGC-1α-TFAM-UCP1 pathway to induce mitochondrial biogenesis. This may be one of the mechanisms by which EA affects weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinyue Jing
- *Correspondence: Xinyue Jing, ; Jinhong Yuan,
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13
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Nanjaiah H, Vallikannan B. Lutein upregulates the PGC‐1α, NRF1, and TFAM expression by AMPK activation and downregulates ROS to maintain mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial biogenesis in hyperglycemic ARPE‐19 cells and rat retina. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Nanjaiah
- Department of BiochemistryCSIR‐Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
| | - Baskaran Vallikannan
- Department of BiochemistryCSIR‐Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
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14
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Growth Hormone Receptor Gene is Essential for Chicken Mitochondrial Function In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071608. [PMID: 30935132 PMCID: PMC6480491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene is correlated with many phenotypic and physiological alternations in chicken, such as shorter shanks, lower body weight and muscle mass loss. However, the role of the GHR gene in mitochondrial function remains unknown in poultry. In this study, we assessed the function of mitochondria in sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken skeletal muscle and interfered with the expression of GHR in DF-1 cells to investigate the role of the GHR gene in chicken mitochondrial function both in vivo and in vitro. We found that the expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes were downregulated and accompanied by reduced enzymatic activity of OXPHOS complexes in SLD chicken skeletal muscle and GHR knockdown cells. Then, we assessed mitochondrial function by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, ATP levels and the mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), and found that mitochondrial function was impaired in SLD chicken skeletal muscle and GHR knockdown cells. In addition, we also studied the morphology and structure of mitochondria in GHR knockdown cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and MitoTracker staining. We found that knockdown of GHR could reduce mitochondrial number and alter mitochondrial structure in DF-1 cells. Above all, we demonstrated for the first time that the GHR gene is essential for chicken mitochondrial function in vivo and in vitro.
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15
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Li L, Zhang H, Yao Y, Yang Z, Ma H. (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Suppresses Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Accelerates Energy Metabolism via Activation of the Adiponectin-AMPK Signaling Pathway in Broiler Chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3188-3197. [PMID: 30827101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) inhibits the deposition of fat in animals and humans, while the molecular mechanism is still unclear. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of (-)-HCA's regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism in broiler chickens. The current results showed that (-)-HCA decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglyceride content by reducing fatty acid synthase protein level and enhancing phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein level. (-)-HCA accelerated carbohydrate aerobic metabolisms by increasing the activities of phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, (-)-HCA increased adiponectin receptor 1 mRNA level and enhanced phospho-AMPKα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A protein levels in broiler chickens. These data indicated that (-)-HCA reduced lipid droplet accumulation, improved glucose catabolism, and accelerated energy metabolism in broiler chickens, possibly via activation of adiponectin-AMPK signaling pathway. These results revealed the biochemical mechanism of (-)-HCA-mediated fat accumulation and the prevention of metabolic disorder-related diseases in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Zhongmiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
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16
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Theilen NT, Jeremic N, Weber GJ, Tyagi SC. TFAM overexpression diminishes skeletal muscle atrophy after hindlimb suspension in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 666:138-147. [PMID: 30553768 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate if overexpressing the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) gene in a transgenic mouse model diminishes soleus and gastrocnemius atrophy occurring during hindlimb suspension (HLS). Additionally, we aim to observe if combining exercise training in TFAM transgenic mice prior to HLS has a synergistic effect in preventing skeletal muscle atrophy. Male C57BL/6J-based transgenic mice (12-14 weeks old) overexpressing TFAM were assigned to a control (T-Control), 7-day HLS (T-HLS), and 2-week exercise training prior to 7-day HLS (T-Ex + HLS) groups. These groups were compared to male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice (12-14 weeks old) assigned to Control, 7-day HLS (HLS), 2-week exercise training prior to 7-day HLS (Ex + HLS), and 2-week exercise training (Ex). Overexpressing TFAM results in a decrease of 8.3% in soleus and 2.6% in gastrocnemius muscle weight to bodyweight ratio after only HLS compared to wild-type mice incurring a loss of 27.1% in soleus and 21.5% in gastrocnemius muscle after HLS. Our data indicates TFAM may play a critical role in protecting skeletal muscle from disuse atrophy and is correlated with increased expression of antioxidants (SOD-2) and potential redox balance. TFAM may be an attractive molecule of interest for potential, future therapeutic development. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a TFAM overexpression transgenic mouse model is being used in the analysis of disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Here we provide evidence of a potential role for TFAM in diminishing skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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17
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Lee H, Song W. Exercise and Mitochondrial Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:150-157. [PMID: 31089557 PMCID: PMC6504199 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.3.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is regarded as a potent stimulus in modulation of glucose utility and mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle, leading to enhanced metabolic health. As mitochondria play a crucial role in sustaining metabolic homeostasis, and disturbances in mitochondrial function are highly linked with development of metabolic diseases, a comprehensive understanding of exercise-mediated mitochondrial remodeling under the pathophysiological condition of type 2 diabetes is warranted to develop an efficient therapeutic strategy. Although it is evident that the primary etiology of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, there is accumulating evidence linking abnormal mitochondrial functional and morphological properties to development of type 2 diabetes. Despite this, the precise molecular and cellular events that underline these phenomena remain uncertain. Mitochondria are highly dynamic subcellular organelles that can change mass and shape as necessary via coordinated processes such as mitochondrial fusion, fission, and biogenesis. Mitochondrial fusion is controlled by proteins, including mitofusin-1, mitofusin-2, and optic atrophy protein 1, while the fission process is mainly modulated by control of fission protein 1 and dynamin-related protein 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α acts as a master controller of mitochondrial biogenesis. The present review’s primary aims were to briefly discuss the cellular mechanisms of muscle fiber type-dependent glucose uptake and to highlight emerging evidence linking disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics to development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The potential for exercise to normalize type 2 diabetes-induced aberrant mitochondrial integrity is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Sports and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Ribeiro MF, Genebra T, Rego AC, Rodrigues CMP, Solá S. Amyloid β Peptide Compromises Neural Stem Cell Fate by Irreversibly Disturbing Mitochondrial Oxidative State and Blocking Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3922-3936. [PMID: 30225776 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Although most AD mouse models present a decline in neurogenesis, they express mutated genes which regulate neurogenesis per se and are not present in most AD patients, thus masking the real impact of Aβ on adult neurogenesis. Mitochondrion, a well-known target of Aβ in neurons, is a main regulator of neural stem cell (NSC) fate. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of Aβ on NSC mitochondria and cell fate decisions, namely whether and how Aβ affects neurogenesis. NSC fate and mitochondrial parameters, including biogenesis, dynamics, and oxidative stress, were evaluated. Our results showed that Aβ impaired NSC viability and proliferation and indirectly blocked neurogenic differentiation, by disrupting mitochondrial signaling of self-renewing NSCs. Importantly, Aβ decreased ATP levels, generated oxidative stress, and affected the radical scavenger system through SOD2 and SIRT3. Aβ also reduced mtDNA and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins, such as Tfam, PGC-1α, and NRF1, and inhibited activation of PGC-1α-positive regulator CREB. Moreover, Aβ triggered mitochondrial fragmentation in self-renewing NSCs and reduced mitochondrial fusion proteins, such as Mfn2 and ERRα. Notably, Aβ compromised NSC commitment and survival by irreversibly impairing mitochondria and thwarting any neurogenic rescue through mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, or radical scavenger system. Altogether, this study brings new perspective to rethink the molecular targets relevant for endogenous NSC-based strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filipe Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Genebra
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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19
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Hood DA, Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Triolo M. Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Health, Exercise, and Aging. Annu Rev Physiol 2018; 81:19-41. [PMID: 30216742 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical organelles responsible for regulating the metabolic status of skeletal muscle. These organelles exhibit remarkable plasticity by adapting their volume, structure, and function in response to chronic exercise, disuse, aging, and disease. A single bout of exercise initiates signaling to provoke increases in mitochondrial biogenesis, balanced by the onset of organelle turnover carried out by the mitophagy pathway. This accelerated turnover ensures the presence of a high functioning network of mitochondria designed for optimal ATP supply, with the consequence of favoring lipid metabolism, maintaining muscle mass, and reducing apoptotic susceptibility over the longer term. Conversely, aging and disuse are associated with reductions in muscle mass that are in part attributable to dysregulation of the mitochondrial network and impaired mitochondrial function. Therefore, exercise represents a viable, nonpharmaceutical therapy with the potential to reverse and enhance the impaired mitochondrial function observed with aging and chronic muscle disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Matthew Triolo
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada;
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20
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Bhawe K, Roy D. Interplay between NRF1, E2F4 and MYC transcription factors regulating common target genes contributes to cancer development and progression. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:465-484. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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21
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The effect of differentiation and TGFβ on mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial enzyme abundance in cultured primary human skeletal muscle cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:737. [PMID: 29335583 PMCID: PMC5768688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring mitochondrial respiration in cultured cells is a valuable tool to investigate the influence of physiological and disease-related factors on cellular metabolism; however, the details of the experimental workflow greatly influence the informative value of the results. Working with primary cells and cell types capable of differentiation can be particularly challenging. We present a streamlined workflow optimised for investigation of primary human skeletal muscle cells. We applied the workflow to differentiated and undifferentiated cells and we investigated the effect of TGFβ1 treatment. Differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes increased mitochondrial respiration and abundance of mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial marker proteins. Differentiation also induced qualitative changes in mitochondrial protein composition and respiration. TGFβ1 reduced complex IV protein MTCO1 abundance in both myoblasts and myotubes. In myoblasts, spare electron transport system (ETS) capacity was reduced due to a reduction in maximal oxygen consumption. In TGFβ1-treated myotubes, the reduction in spare ETS capacity is mainly a consequence of increased oxidative phosphorylation capacity and complex III protein UQCRC2. Taken together, our data shows that it is important to monitor muscle cell differentiation when mitochondrial function is studied. Our workflow is not only sensitive enough to detect physiological-sized differences, but also adequate to form mechanistic hypotheses.
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22
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Protein arginine methyltransferase expression and activity during myogenesis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171533. [PMID: 29208765 PMCID: PMC6435512 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the emerging importance of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in regulating skeletal muscle plasticity, PRMT biology during muscle development is complex and not completely understood. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate PRMT1, -4, and -5 expression and function in skeletal muscle cells during the phenotypic remodeling elicited by myogenesis. C2C12 muscle cell maturation, assessed during the myoblast (MB) stage, and during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of differentiation, was employed as an in vitro model of myogenesis. We observed PRMT-specific patterns of expression and activity during myogenesis. PRMT4 and -5 gene expression was unchanged, while PRMT1 mRNA and protein content were significantly induced. Cellular monomethylarginines (MMAs) and symmetric dimethylarginines (SDMAs), indicative of global and type II PRMT activities, respectively, remained steady during development, while type I PRMT activity indicator asymmetric dimethylarginines (ADMAs) increased through myogenesis. Histone 4 arginine 3 (H4R3) and H3R17 contents were elevated coincident with the myonuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and -4. Collectively, this suggests that PRMTs are methyl donors throughout myogenesis and demonstrate specificity for their protein targets. Cells were then treated with TC-E 5003 (TC-E), a selective inhibitor of PRMT1 in order to specifically examine the enzymes role during myogenic differentiation. TC-E treated cells exhibited decrements in muscle differentiation, which were consistent with attenuated mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function. In summary, the present study increases our understanding of PRMT1, -4, and -5 biology during the plasticity of skeletal muscle development. Our results provide evidence for a role of PRMT1, via a mitochondrially mediated mechanism, in driving the muscle differentiation program.
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Brocherie F, Millet GP, D'Hulst G, Van Thienen R, Deldicque L, Girard O. Repeated maximal-intensity hypoxic exercise superimposed to hypoxic residence boosts skeletal muscle transcriptional responses in elite team-sport athletes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28103427 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether repeated maximal-intensity hypoxic exercise induces larger beneficial adaptations on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway and its target genes than similar normoxic exercise, when combined with chronic hypoxic exposure. METHODS Lowland elite male team-sport athletes underwent 14 days of passive normobaric hypoxic exposure [≥14 h·day-1 at inspired oxygen fraction (Fi O2 ) 14.5-14.2%] with the addition of six maximal-intensity exercise sessions either in normobaric hypoxia (Fi O2 ~14.2%; LHTLH; n = 9) or in normoxia (Fi O2 20.9%; LHTL; n = 11). A group living in normoxia with no additional maximal-intensity exercise (LLTL; n = 10) served as control. Before (Pre), immediately after (Post-1) and 3 weeks after (Post-2) the intervention, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis. RESULTS Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit, vascular endothelial growth factor, myoglobin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α and mitochondrial transcription factor A mRNA levels increased at Post-1 (all P ≤ 0.05) in LHTLH, but not in LHTL or LLTL, and returned near baseline levels at Post-2. The protein expression of citrate synthase increased in LHTLH (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 at Post-1 and Post-2, respectively) and LLTL (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 at Post-1 and Post-2, respectively), whereas it decreased in LHTL at Post-1 and Post-2 (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Combined with residence in normobaric hypoxia, repeated maximal-intensity hypoxic exercise induces short-term post-intervention beneficial changes in muscle transcriptional factors that are of larger magnitude (or not observed) than with similar normoxic exercise. The decay of molecular adaptations was relatively fast, with most of benefits already absent 3 weeks post-intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Brocherie
- ISSUL, Institute of Sports Sciences; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - G. P. Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sports Sciences; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - G. D'Hulst
- Institute of Neuroscience; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - R. Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Kinesiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - L. Deldicque
- Exercise Physiology Research Group; Department of Kinesiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - O. Girard
- ISSUL, Institute of Sports Sciences; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- ASPETAR, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre; Doha Qatar
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Erlich AT, Brownlee DM, Beyfuss K, Hood DA. Exercise induces TFEB expression and activity in skeletal muscle in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C62-C72. [PMID: 29046293 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network in muscle is controlled by the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. The coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates biogenesis, while the transcription of mitophagy-related genes is controlled by transcription factor EB (TFEB). PGC-1α activation is induced by exercise; however, the effect of exercise on TFEB is not fully known. We investigated the interplay between PGC-1α and TFEB on mitochondria in response to acute contractile activity in C2C12 myotubes and following exercise in wild-type and PGC-1α knockout mice. TFEB nuclear localization was increased by 1.6-fold following 2 h of acute myotube contractile activity in culture, while TFEB transcription was also simultaneously increased by twofold to threefold. Viral overexpression of TFEB in myotubes increased PGC-1α and cytochrome- c oxidase-IV gene expression. In wild-type mice, TFEB translocation to the nucleus increased 2.4-fold in response to acute exercise, while TFEB transcription, assessed through the electroporation of a TFEB promoter construct, was elevated by fourfold. These exercise effects were dependent on the presence of PGC-1α. Our data indicate that acute exercise provokes TFEB expression and activation in a PGC-1α-dependent manner and suggest that TFEB, along with PGC-1α, is an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle as a result of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Diane M Brownlee
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Beyfuss
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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Impact of Aging and Exercise on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3165396. [PMID: 28656072 PMCID: PMC5471566 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3165396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are characterized by its pivotal roles in managing energy production, reactive oxygen species, and calcium, whose aging-related structural and functional deteriorations are observed in aging muscle. Although it is still unclear how aging alters mitochondrial quality and quantity in skeletal muscle, dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic controls has been suggested as key players for that. In this paper, we summarize current understandings on how aging regulates muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, while focusing on transcriptional regulations including PGC-1α, AMPK, p53, mtDNA, and Tfam. Further, we review current findings on the muscle mitochondrial dynamic systems in aging muscle: fusion/fission, autophagy/mitophagy, and protein import. Next, we also discuss how endurance and resistance exercises impact on the mitochondrial quality controls in aging muscle, suggesting possible effective exercise strategies to improve/maintain mitochondrial health.
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26
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Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Hood DA. The unfolded protein response in relation to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C583-C594. [PMID: 28274921 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00320.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria comprise both nuclear and mitochondrially encoded proteins requiring precise stoichiometry for their integration into functional complexes. The augmented protein synthesis associated with mitochondrial biogenesis results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins, thus triggering cellular stress. As such, the unfolded protein responses emanating from the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) or the mitochondrion (UPRMT) are triggered to ensure correct protein handling. Whether this response is necessary for mitochondrial adaptations is unknown. Two models of mitochondrial biogenesis were used: muscle differentiation and chronic contractile activity (CCA) in murine muscle cells. After 4 days of differentiation, our findings depict selective activation of the UPRMT in which chaperones decreased; however, Sirt3 and UPRER markers were elevated. To delineate the role of ER stress in mitochondrial adaptations, the ER stress inhibitor TUDCA was administered. Surprisingly, mitochondrial markers COX-I, COX-IV, and PGC-1α protein levels were augmented up to 1.5-fold above that of vehicle-treated cells. Similar results were obtained in myotubes undergoing CCA, in which biogenesis was enhanced by ~2-3-fold, along with elevated UPRMT markers Sirt3 and CPN10. To verify whether the findings were attributable to the terminal UPRER branch directed by the transcription factor CHOP, cells were transfected with CHOP siRNA. Basally, COX-I levels increased (~20%) and COX-IV decreased (~30%), suggesting that CHOP influences mitochondrial composition. This effect was fully restored by CCA. Therefore, our results suggest that mitochondrial biogenesis is independent of the terminal UPRER Under basal conditions, CHOP is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial composition, but not for differentiation- or CCA-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra S Mesbah Moosavi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Li Q, Gao Z, Chen Y, Guan MX. The role of mitochondria in osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Protein Cell 2017; 8:439-445. [PMID: 28271444 PMCID: PMC5445026 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors of connective tissues, which have emerged as important tools for tissue engineering due to their differentiation potential along various cell types. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the regulation of mitochondria dynamics and function is essential for successful differentiation of MSCs. In this paper, we review and provide an integrated view on the role of mitochondria in MSC differentiation. The mitochondria are maintained at a relatively low activity level in MSCs, and upon induction, mtDNA copy number, protein levels of respiratory enzymes, the oxygen consumption rate, mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes, and intracellular ATP content are increased. The regulated level of mitochondrial ROS is found not only to influence differentiation but also to contribute to the direction determination of differentiation. Understanding the roles of mitochondrial dynamics during MSC differentiation will facilitate the optimization of differentiation protocols by adjusting biochemical properties, such as energy production or the redox status of stem cells, and ultimately, benefit the development of new pharmacologic strategies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zewen Gao
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Association of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with elite athletic status in Iranian population. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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29
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Bernard K, Logsdon NJ, Miguel V, Benavides GA, Zhang J, Carter AB, Darley-Usmar VM, Thannickal VJ. NADPH Oxidase 4 (Nox4) Suppresses Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics in Lung Fibroblasts via a Nuclear Factor Erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent Pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3029-3038. [PMID: 28049732 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetics are critical for cellular homeostasis and stress responses. The reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), regulates a number of physiological and pathological processes, including cellular differentiation, host defense, and tissue fibrosis. In this study we explored the role of constitutive Nox4 activity in regulating mitochondrial function. An increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reserve capacity was observed in murine and human lung fibroblasts with genetic deficiency (or silencing) of Nox4. Inhibition of Nox4 expression/activity by genetic or pharmacological approaches resulted in stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, as evidenced by elevated mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio and increased expression of the mitochondrial markers transcription factor A (TFAM), citrate synthase, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX IV). Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis was dependent on TFAM up-regulation but was independent of the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α). The enhancement of mitochondrial bioenergetics as well as the increase in mitochondrial proteins in Nox4-deficient lung fibroblasts is inhibited by silencing of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), supporting a key role for Nrf2 in control of mitochondrial biogenesis. Together, these results indicate a critical role for both Nox4 and Nrf2 in counter-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine,
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Veronica Miguel
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, and.,Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and.,Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
| | - A Brent Carter
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, and.,Center for Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
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Unravelling the mechanisms regulating muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Biochem J 2016; 473:2295-314. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue with a low mitochondrial content under basal conditions, but it is responsive to acute increases in contractile activity patterns (i.e. exercise) which initiate the signalling of a compensatory response, leading to the biogenesis of mitochondria and improved organelle function. Exercise also promotes the degradation of poorly functioning mitochondria (i.e. mitophagy), thereby accelerating mitochondrial turnover, and preserving a pool of healthy organelles. In contrast, muscle disuse, as well as the aging process, are associated with reduced mitochondrial quality and quantity in muscle. This has strong negative implications for whole-body metabolic health and the preservation of muscle mass. A number of traditional, as well as novel regulatory pathways exist in muscle that control both biogenesis and mitophagy. Interestingly, although the ablation of single regulatory transcription factors within these pathways often leads to a reduction in the basal mitochondrial content of muscle, this can invariably be overcome with exercise, signifying that exercise activates a multitude of pathways which can respond to restore mitochondrial health. This knowledge, along with growing realization that pharmacological agents can also promote mitochondrial health independently of exercise, leads to an optimistic outlook in which the maintenance of mitochondrial and whole-body metabolic health can be achieved by taking advantage of the broad benefits of exercise, along with the potential specificity of drug action.
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31
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Erlich AT, Tryon LD, Crilly MJ, Memme JM, Moosavi ZSM, Oliveira AN, Beyfuss K, Hood DA. Function of specialized regulatory proteins and signaling pathways in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:187-197. [PMID: 28462117 PMCID: PMC5390460 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function are regulated by a number of specialized molecular pathways that remain to be fully defined. Although a number of proteins have been identified to be important for the maintenance of mitochondria in quiescent muscle, the requirement for these appears to decrease with the activation of multiple overlapping signaling events that are triggered by exercise. This makes exercise a valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment of mitochondrially based metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize some of the traditional and more recently appreciated pathways that are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle, particularly during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Hood
- Corresponding author. Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada.
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