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Le HH, Shorey-Kendrick LE, Hinds MT, McCarty OJT, Lo JO, Anderson DEJ. Effects of in utero exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cardiac extracellular matrix expression and vascular transcriptome in rhesus macaques. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H701-H714. [PMID: 39028280 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00181.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis, remains a schedule I substance, thus safety data regarding the effects on the cardiovascular and prenatal health are limited. Importantly, there is evidence showing prenatal cannabis exposure can negatively impact fetal organ development, including the cardiovascular system. THC can cross the placenta and bind to cannabinoid receptors expressed in the developing fetus, including on endothelial cells. To understand the impact of prenatal THC exposure on the fetal cardiovascular system, we used our rhesus macaque model of prenatal daily edible THC consumption. Before conception, animals were acclimated to THC (2.5 mg/7 kg/day, equivalent to a heavy medical cannabis dose) and maintained on this dose daily throughout pregnancy. Fetal tissue samples were collected at gestational day 155 (full term is 168 days). Our model showed that in utero THC exposure was associated with a decreased heart weight-to-body weight ratio in offspring, warranting further mechanistic investigation. Histological examination of the fetal cardiac and vascular tissues did not reveal any significant effect of THC exposure on the maturity of collagen within the fetal heart or the aorta. Total collagen III expression and elastin production and organization were unchanged. However, bulk RNA-sequencing of vascular cells in the umbilical vein, umbilical artery, and fetal aorta demonstrated that THC alters the fetal vascular transcriptome and is associated with upregulated expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation. The long-term consequences of these findings are unknown but suggest that prenatal THC exposure may affect cardiovascular development in offspring.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prenatal cannabis use is increasing and despite the public health relevance, there is limited safety data regarding its impact on offspring cardiovascular health outcomes. We used a translational, nonhuman primate model of daily edible Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption during pregnancy to assess its effects on the fetal cardiovascular system. THC-exposed fetal vascular tissues displayed upregulation of genes involved in cellular metabolism and inflammation, suggesting that prenatal THC exposure may impact fetal vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary H Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lyndsey E Shorey-Kendrick
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Division of Metabolic Health and Disease, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jamie O Lo
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Deirdre E J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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2
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Hyland M, Mennan C, Davies R, Wilson E, Tonge DP, Clayton A, Kehoe O. Extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells show enhanced anti-inflammatory properties via upregulation of miRNAs after pro-inflammatory priming. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2391-2406. [PMID: 37474869 PMCID: PMC10579155 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are characterised by a loss of immune tolerance, whereby the immune cells attack self-antigens causing pain and inflammation. These conditions can be brought into remission using pharmaceutical treatments, but often have adverse side effects and some patients do not respond favourably to them. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) present a promising alternative therapeutic due to their innate anti-inflammatory properties which can be strengthened using pro-inflammatory conditions. Their therapeutic mechanism of action has been attributed to paracrine signalling, by which nanosized acellular particles called 'extracellular vesicles' (EVs) are one of the essential components. Therefore, this research analysed the anti-inflammatory properties of UCMSC-EVs 'primed' with pro-inflammatory cytokines and at baseline with no inflammatory cytokines (control). Both control and primed EVs were co-cultured with un-pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; n = 6) from healthy donors. Neither control nor primed EVs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect on PBMCs. Instead, the primed EVs showed the immunosuppressive potential by increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein FoxP3 in PBMCs. This may be attributed to the upregulated miRNAs identified in primed EVs in comparison to control EVs (miR-139-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-214-5p). These findings aid in understanding how UCMSC-EVs mediate immunosuppression and support their potential use in treating autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Hyland
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
| | - Rebecca Davies
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
| | - Emma Wilson
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, CH2 1BR UK
| | - Daniel P. Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Oksana Kehoe
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
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Jimenez-Rondan FR, Ruggiero CH, Cousins RJ. Long Noncoding RNA, MicroRNA, Zn Transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) and Inflammation in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235114. [PMID: 36501144 PMCID: PMC9740689 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of non-coding RNAs and miRNAs with physiological processes in animals, including nutrient metabolism, is an important new focus. Twenty-three transporter proteins control cellular zinc homeostasis. The transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) responds to proinflammatory stimuli. Using enterocyte-specific Zip14 knockout mice and RNA-sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we conducted transcriptome profiling of proximal small intestine, where Zip14 is highly expressed, using RNA from whole intestine tissue, isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal organoids. H19, U90926, Meg3, Bvht, Pvt1, Neat1 and miR-7027 were among the most highly expressed genes. Enterocyte-specific deletion of Zip14 demonstrated tissue specific expression, as such these changes were not observed with skeletal muscle. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays of chromatin from isolated intestinal epithelial cells showed that enterocyte-specific Zip14 deletion enhanced binding of proinflammatory transcription factors (TFs) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-ĸβ) to promoters of H19, Meg3 and U90926. We conclude enterocyte-specific ablation of Zip14 restricts changes in those RNAs to the intestine. Binding of proinflammatory TFs, NF-ĸβ and STAT3 to the H19, Meg3 and U90926 promoters is consistent with a model where Zip14 ablation, leads to increased TF occupancy, allowing epigenetic regulation of specific lncRNA genes.
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Comprehensive Analysis of Histone Modifications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals Different Subtypes and Key Prognostic Models. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5961603. [PMID: 35957801 PMCID: PMC9359864 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5961603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone modification, an important epigenetic mechanism, is related to the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In three datasets, we screened 88 epigenetic-dysregulated PCGs (epi-PCGs) , which were significantly associated with HCC survival and could cluster HCC into three molecular subtypes. These subtypes were associated with prognosis, immunomodulatory alterations, and response to different treatment strategies. Based on 88 epi-PCGs in the TCGA training set, a risk prediction model composed of 4 epi-PCGs was established. The model was closely related to the clinicopathological features and showed a strong predictive ability in different clinical subgroups. In addition, the risk prediction model was an independent prognostic factor for patients with HCC. The significance of epi-PCGs in HCC is revealed by our data analysis.
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6
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Puerarin promotes apoptosis and senescence of bladder cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yue Y, Lin X, Qiu X, Yang L, Wang R. The Molecular Roles and Clinical Implications of Non-Coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:802745. [PMID: 34966746 PMCID: PMC8711095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.802745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is also the fifth most common cancer in China. In recent years, a large number of studies have proved that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. NcRNAs also influence the therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer. NcRNAs mainly consist of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. In this paper, we summarized ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer, and also reviewed their role in clinical trials and diagnosis. We sum up different ncRNAs and related moleculars and signaling pathway in gastric cancer, like Bcl-2, PTEN, Wnt signaling. In addition, the potential clinical application of ncRNAs in overcoming chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance in GC in the future were also focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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8
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He F, Zheng WW, Chen BB, Zeng YM. MiR-139-5p inhibits invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells by targeting PAK5 gene to block Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:174-181. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i4.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common type of cancer of the digestive system. Local or systemic metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important regulatory factor in the development of gastric cancer. However, the effect and mechanism of miR-139-5p on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells are still unclear.
AIM To explore the effect of miR-139-5p on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-139-5p and PAK5, respectively, in immortalized gastric mucosal cell line GES1 and gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, AGS, and BGC-823. MiR-139-5p mimic was transfected into gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and qRT-PCR was used detect the transfection efficiency. Transwell invasion and scratch assays were used to detect the effect of overexpression of miR-139-5p on the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot were used to detect the targeted regulation of miR-139-5p on PAK5. Western blot was used to detect the effect of overexpression of miR-139-5p on the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
RESULTS The expression level of miR-139-5p in gastric cancer cells was significantly lower than that of normal gastric mucosal cells (P < 0.05), and the expression of PAK5 mRNA and protein was significantly higher than that of normal gastric mucosal cells (P < 0.05). Transfection of miR-139-5p mimic up-regulated the expression of miR-139-5p in SGC-7901 cells. Overexpression of miR-139-5p significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells. The results of dual luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot showed that miR-139-5p can target and negatively regulate the expression of PAK5. After overexpression of miR-139-5p, the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 proteins in SGC-7901 cells was significantly down-regulated.
CONCLUSION MiR-139-5p inhibits the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells by targeting the PAK5 gene to block the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing-Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao-Ming Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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9
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Kambe T, Taylor KM, Fu D. Zinc transporters and their functional integration in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100320. [PMID: 33485965 PMCID: PMC7949119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a ubiquitous biological metal in all living organisms. The spatiotemporal zinc dynamics in cells provide crucial cellular signaling opportunities, but also challenges for intracellular zinc homeostasis with broad disease implications. Zinc transporters play a central role in regulating cellular zinc balance and subcellular zinc distributions. The discoveries of two complementary families of mammalian zinc transporters (ZnTs and ZIPs) in the mid-1990s spurred much speculation on their metal selectivity and cellular functions. After two decades of research, we have arrived at a biochemical description of zinc transport. However, in vitro functions are fundamentally different from those in living cells, where mammalian zinc transporters are directed to specific subcellular locations, engaged in dedicated macromolecular machineries, and connected with diverse cellular processes. Hence, the molecular functions of individual zinc transporters are reshaped and deeply integrated in cells to promote the utilization of zinc chemistry to perform enzymatic reactions, tune cellular responsiveness to pathophysiologic signals, and safeguard cellular homeostasis. At present, the underlying mechanisms driving the functional integration of mammalian zinc transporters are largely unknown. This knowledge gap has motivated a shift of the research focus from in vitro studies of purified zinc transporters to in cell studies of mammalian zinc transporters in the context of their subcellular locations and protein interactions. In this review, we will outline how knowledge of zinc transporters has been accumulated from in-test-tube to in-cell studies, highlighting new insights and paradigm shifts in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of mammalian zinc transporter functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Adil MS, Khulood D, Somanath PR. Targeting Akt-associated microRNAs for cancer therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114384. [PMID: 33347867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells because of activating protooncogenes and/or inactivating tumor suppressor genes are the hallmarks of cancer. The PI3K/Akt signaling is one of the most frequently activated pathways in cancer cells responsible for the regulation of cell survival and proliferation in stress and hypoxic conditions during oncogenesis. Non-coding RNAs are a large family of RNAs that are not involved in protein-coding, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are a sub-set of non-coding RNAs with a single strand of 18-25 nucleotides. miRNAs are extensively involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and play an extensive role in the regulatory mechanisms including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The impact of cancer on mRNA stability and translation efficiency is extensive and therefore, cancerous tissues exhibit drastic alterations in the expression of miRNAs. miRNAs can be modulated by utilizing techniques such as miRNA mimics, miRNA antagonists, or CRISPR/Cas9. In addition to their capacity as potential targets in cancer therapy, they can be used as reliable biomarkers to diagnose the disease at the earliest stage. Recent evidence indicates that microRNA-mediated gene regulation intersects with the Akt pathway, forming an Akt-microRNA regulatory network. miRNAs and Akt in this network operate together to exert their cellular tasks. In the current review, we discuss the Akt-associated miRNAs in several cancers, their molecular regulation, and how this newly emerging knowledge may contribute greatly to revolutionize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Daulat Khulood
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
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11
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Azarbarzin S, Safaralizadeh R, Khojasteh MB, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. Current perspectives on the dysregulated microRNAs in gastric cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7253-7264. [PMID: 32776162 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since gastric cancer (GC) is diagnosed at advanced stages, the survival rate is low in affected people. In this regard, investigating the mechanisms underlying GC development, are so critical. MiRNAs, which are small non coding RNAs, as a post transcriptional repressor, regulate expression of target genes by stimulating breakage or transcription suppression of their targets therefore aberrant expression of miRNAs leading to GC carcinogenesis. In the last decades, there have been various studies approving the pivotal role of miRNAs in various phases of GC development including cancer initiation, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, the present review aimed at summarizing the dysregulated miRNAs which contribute to various cellular and developmental mechanisms such as, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, it provides an overview on novel miRNAs involved in drug resistance and circular miRNAs as cancer biomarkers. Thereafter, it is hoped that the present study will shed more light on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of GC, and potential GC treatments based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azarbarzin
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Banan Khojasteh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Khalili N, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Halimi M, Rezaee H, Baradaran B. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of miR-139-5p in cancers. Life Sci 2020; 256:117865. [PMID: 32502540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs that have regulatory functions in post-transcriptional gene expression. These molecules play a fundamental role in cellular processes, for instance cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Scientific investigations have previously established that miRNAs can either promote or suppress tumor development by mediating different signaling pathways. miR-139-5p, located on chromosome 11q13.4, has been examined extensively in cancers. Studies have demonstrated that miR-139-5p might be an attractive cancer biomarker. Herein, we will review how miR-139-5p acts in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, as well as elucidating its major target genes and associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khalili
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Halimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haleh Rezaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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