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Sadeghi G, Dinani MS, Rabbani M. Effects of extracts and manna of Echinops cephalotes on impaired cognitive function induced by scopolamine in mice. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:167-177. [PMID: 39035579 PMCID: PMC11257209 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_27_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease specified by chronic and irreversible destruction of neurons. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different extracts (aqueous, hydroalcoholic, hexane, and ethyl acetate) and manna of Echinops cephalotes (EC) on impaired cognitive function induced by scopolamine in mice. EC is shown to have anti-cholinesterase-butyrylcholinesterase activities. Experimental approach In this study, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of EC (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), and the manna (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, gavage) were administered for 14 days alongside scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg, i.p.). Rivastigmine (reference drug) was administered for 2 weeks i.p. Mice were tested for their memory function using two behavioral models, object recognition test (ORT) and passive avoidance test (PAT). Findings/Results Administration of scopolamine significantly impaired memory function in both behavioral models. In the PAT model, all extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reversed the effect of memory destruction caused by scopolamine. At a lower dose of 25 mg/kg, however, none of the extracts were able to significantly change the step-through latency time. In the ORT model, however, administration of all extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg, significantly increased the recognition index. Only the manna and the aqueous extract at 25 mg/kg were able to reverse scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Conclusions and implications These results suggest that all forms of EC extracts improve memory impairment induced by scopolamine comparably to rivastigmine. Whether the effects are sustained over a longer period remains to be tested in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Tahtamouni LH, Alderfer SA, Kuhn TB, Minamide LS, Chanda S, Ruff MR, Bamburg JR. Characterization of a Human Neuronal Culture System for the Study of Cofilin-Actin Rod Pathology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2942. [PMID: 38001943 PMCID: PMC10669520 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofilactin rod pathology, which can initiate synapse loss, has been extensively studied in rodent neurons, hippocampal slices, and in vivo mouse models of human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these systems, rod formation induced by disease-associated factors, such as soluble oligomers of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in AD, utilizes a pathway requiring cellular prion protein (PrPC), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and cytokine/chemokine receptors (CCR5 and/or CXCR4). However, rod pathways have not been systematically assessed in a human neuronal model. Here, we characterize glutamatergic neurons differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the formation of rods in response to activators of the PrPC-dependent pathway. Optimization of substratum, cell density, and use of glial-conditioned medium yielded a robust system for studying the development of Aβ-induced rods in the absence of glia, suggesting a cell-autonomous pathway. Rod induction in younger neurons requires ectopic expression of PrPC, but this dependency disappears by Day 55. The quantification of proteins within the rod-inducing pathway suggests that increased PrPC and CXCR4 expression may be factors in the doubling of the rod response to Aβ between Days 35 and 55. FDA-approved antagonists to CXCR4 and CCR5 inhibit the rod response. Rods were predominantly observed in dendrites, although severe cytoskeletal disruptions prevented the assignment of over 40% of the rods to either an axon or dendrite. In the absence of glia, a condition in which rods are more readily observed, neurons mature and fire action potentials but do not form functional synapses. However, PSD95-containing dendritic spines associate with axonal regions of pre-synaptic vesicles containing the glutamate transporter, VGLUT1. Thus, our results identified stem cell-derived neurons as a robust model for studying cofilactin rod formation in a human cellular environment and for developing effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dementias arising from multiple proteinopathies with different rod initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna H. Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Sydney A. Alderfer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Soham Chanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Michael R. Ruff
- Creative Bio-Peptides, Inc., 10319 Glen Road, Suite 100, Potomac, MD 20854, USA;
| | - James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.B.K.); (L.S.M.); (S.C.)
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3
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Hyun Yi J, Cho E, Lee S, Ja Kwon K, Lee S, Lee J, Lee C, Young Shin C, Hyun Kim D, Hee Shim S. Aβ dissociation by pectolinarin may counteract against Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115792. [PMID: 37689271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterised by various neurological symptoms, including memory impairment and mood disorders, associated with the abnormal accumulation of amyloid b(Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain. There is still no definitive treatment available for AD, and the Aβ antibody drugs, which are expected to be approved by the FDA, have many limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop low-molecular-weight therapeutic agents for the management of AD. In this study, we investigated whether pectolinarin, a flavonoid, regulates Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced toxicity. Pectolinarin demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of Aβ aggregation and had the ability to break down pre-formed Aβ aggregates, thereby reducing their neurotoxicity. Furthermore, pectolinarin suppressed Aβ aggregates-induced reduction in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Oral administration of pectolinarin in experimental animals inhibited memory impairment and LTP deficits induced by Aβ injection in the hippocampus. These results indicate that pectolinarin may reduce toxic Aβ species and Aβ-induced memory impairments and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soowon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyong Lee
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Arontier Co., Seoul 06735, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeol Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Gao G, You L, Zhang J, Chang YZ, Yu P. Brain Iron Metabolism, Redox Balance and Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1289. [PMID: 37372019 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke, is increasing. An increasing number of studies have correlated these diseases with brain iron overload and the resulting oxidative damage. Brain iron deficiency has also been closely linked to neurodevelopment. These neurological disorders seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients and bring heavy economic burdens to families and society. Therefore, it is important to maintain brain iron homeostasis and to understand the mechanism of brain iron disorders affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, resulting in neural damage, cell death and, ultimately, leading to the development of disease. Evidence has shown that many therapies targeting brain iron and ROS imbalances have good preventive and therapeutic effects on neurological diseases. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and treatment strategies of brain iron metabolism disorders in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Linhao You
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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5
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Waigi EW, Webb RC, Moss MA, Uline MJ, McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF. Soluble and insoluble protein aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and vascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. GeroScience 2023; 45:1411-1438. [PMID: 36823398 PMCID: PMC10400528 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia refers to a particular group of symptoms characterized by difficulties with memory, language, problem-solving, and other thinking skills that affect a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting about 6.2 million Americans aged 65 years and older. Likewise, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of disability and premature death, impacting 126.9 million adults in the USA, a number that increases with age. Consequently, CVDs and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an increased risk of AD and cognitive impairment. They share important age-related cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors, that make them among the leading causes of death. Additionally, there are several premises and hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD. Although AD and CVD may be considered deleterious to health, the study of their combination constitutes a clinical challenge, and investigations to understand the mechanistic pathways for the cause-effect and/or shared pathology between these two disease constellations remains an active area of research. AD pathology is propagated by the amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. These peptides give rise to small, toxic, and soluble Aβ oligomers (SPOs) that are nonfibrillar, and it is their levels that show a robust correlation with the extent of cognitive impairment. This review will elucidate the interplay between the effects of accumulating SPOs in AD and CVDs, the resulting ER stress response, and their role in vascular dysfunction. We will also address the potential underlying mechanisms, including the possibility that SPOs are among the causes of vascular injury in CVD associated with cognitive decline. By revealing common mechanistic underpinnings of AD and CVD, we hope that novel experimental therapeutics can be designed to reduce the burden of these devastating diseases. Graphical abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology leads to the release of Aβ peptides, and their accumulation in the peripheral organs has varying effects on various components of the cardiovascular system including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and vascular damage. Image created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Waigi
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melissa A Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mark J Uline
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Camilla Ferreira Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Cententer (CTRC), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univeristy of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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6
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Kreutzer AG, Guaglianone G, Yoo S, Parrocha CMT, Ruttenberg SM, Malonis RJ, Tong K, Lin YF, Nguyen JT, Howitz WJ, Diab MN, Hamza IL, Lai JR, Wysocki VH, Nowick JS. Probing differences among Aβ oligomers with two triangular trimers derived from Aβ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219216120. [PMID: 37216514 PMCID: PMC10235986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219216120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) to form oligomers and fibrils is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ is a shape-shifting peptide capable of adopting many conformations and folds within the multitude of oligomers and fibrils the peptide forms. These properties have precluded detailed structural elucidation and biological characterization of homogeneous, well-defined Aβ oligomers. In this paper, we compare the structural, biophysical, and biological characteristics of two different covalently stabilized isomorphic trimers derived from the central and C-terminal regions Aβ. X-ray crystallography reveals the structures of the trimers and shows that each trimer forms a ball-shaped dodecamer. Solution-phase and cell-based studies demonstrate that the two trimers exhibit markedly different assembly and biological properties. One trimer forms small soluble oligomers that enter cells through endocytosis and activate capase-3/7-mediated apoptosis, while the other trimer forms large insoluble aggregates that accumulate on the outer plasma membrane and elicit cellular toxicity through an apoptosis-independent mechanism. The two trimers also exhibit different effects on the aggregation, toxicity, and cellular interaction of full-length Aβ, with one trimer showing a greater propensity to interact with Aβ than the other. The studies described in this paper indicate that the two trimers share structural, biophysical, and biological characteristics with oligomers of full-length Aβ. The varying structural, assembly, and biological characteristics of the two trimers provide a working model for how different Aβ trimers can assemble and lead to different biological effects, which may help shed light on the differences among Aβ oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | | | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | | | | | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Yu-Fu Lin
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Jennifer T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - William J. Howitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Michelle N. Diab
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Imane L. Hamza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
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7
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Wang Z, Jin M, Hong W, Liu W, Reczek D, Lagomarsino VN, Hu Y, Weeden T, Frosch MP, Young-Pearse TL, Pradier L, Selkoe D, Walsh DM. Learnings about Aβ from human brain recommend the use of a live-neuron bioassay for the discovery of next generation Alzheimer's disease immunotherapeutics. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:39. [PMID: 36899414 PMCID: PMC10007750 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite ongoing debate, the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) remains the prime therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, rational drug design has been hampered by a lack of knowledge about neuroactive Aβ. To help address this deficit, we developed live-cell imaging of iPSC-derived human neurons (iNs) to study the effects of the most disease relevant form of Aβ-oligomeric assemblies (oAβ) extracted from AD brain. Of ten brains studied, extracts from nine caused neuritotoxicity, and in eight cases this was abrogated by Aβ immunodepletion. Here we show that activity in this bioassay agrees relatively well with disruption of hippocampal long-term potentiation, a correlate of learning and memory, and that measurement of neurotoxic oAβ can be obscured by more abundant non-toxic forms of Aβ. These findings indicate that the development of novel Aβ targeting therapeutics may benefit from unbiased activity-based discovery. To test this principle, we directly compared 5 clinical antibodies (aducanumab, bapineuzumab, BAN2401, gantenerumab, and SAR228810) together with an in-house aggregate-preferring antibody (1C22) and established relative EC50s in protecting human neurons from human Aβ. The results yielded objective numerical data on the potency of each antibody in neutralizing human oAβ neuritotoxicity. Their relative efficacies in this morphological assay were paralleled by their functional ability to rescue oAβ-induced inhibition of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This novel paradigm provides an unbiased, all-human system for selecting candidate antibodies for advancement to human immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Wang
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Reczek
- Sanofi-Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Hu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim Weeden
- Sanofi-Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Dennis Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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8
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Kabir ER, Chowdhury NM, Yasmin H, Kabir MT, Akter R, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Akter S, Rahman MH, Sweilam SH. Unveiling the Potential of Polyphenols as Anti-Amyloid Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:787-807. [PMID: 36221865 PMCID: PMC10227919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221010113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that mostly affects the elderly population. Mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis are yet to be fully revealed, but there are several hypotheses regarding AD. Even though free radicals and inflammation are likely to be linked with AD pathogenesis, still amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade is the dominant hypothesis. According to the Aβ hypothesis, a progressive buildup of extracellular and intracellular Aβ aggregates has a significant contribution to the AD-linked neurodegeneration process. Since Aβ plays an important role in the etiology of AD, therefore Aβ-linked pathways are mainly targeted in order to develop potential AD therapies. Accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brains of AD individuals is an important hallmark of AD. These plaques are mainly composed of Aβ (a peptide of 39-42 amino acids) aggregates produced via the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various polyphenols (PPHs), including cyanidins, anthocyanins, curcumin, catechins and their gallate esters were found to markedly suppress Aβ aggregation and prevent the formation of Aβ oligomers and toxicity, which is further suggesting that these PPHs might be regarded as effective therapeutic agents for the AD treatment. This review summarizes the roles of Aβ in AD pathogenesis, the Aβ aggregation pathway, types of PPHs, and distribution of PPHs in dietary sources. Furthermore, we have predominantly focused on the potential of food-derived PPHs as putative anti-amyloid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rahman Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasina Yasmin
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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9
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Krafft GA, Jerecic J, Siemers E, Cline EN. ACU193: An Immunotherapeutic Poised to Test the Amyloid β Oligomer Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:848215. [PMID: 35557606 PMCID: PMC9088393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects 50 million people worldwide, with 10 million new cases occurring each year. The emotional and economic impacts of AD on patients and families are devastating. Approved treatments confer modest improvement in symptoms, and recently one treatment obtained accelerated approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may have modest disease modifying benefit. Research over the past three decades has established a clear causal linkage between AD and elevated brain levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, and substantial evidence now implicates soluble, non-fibrillar Aβ oligomers (AβOs) as the molecular assemblies directly responsible for AD-associated memory and cognitive failure and accompanying progressive neurodegeneration. The widely recognized linkage of elevated Aβ and AD spawned a comprehensive 20-year therapeutic campaign that focused primarily on two strategies – inhibition of the secretase enzymes responsible for Aβ production and clearance of Aβ peptide or amyloid plaques with Aβ-directed immunotherapeutics. Unfortunately, all clinical trials of secretase inhibitors were unsuccessful. Of the completed phase 3 immunotherapy programs, bapineuzumab (targeting amyloid plaque) and solanezumab (targeting Aβ monomers) were negative, and the crenezumab program (targeting Aβ monomers and to a small extent oligomers) was stopped for futility. Aducanumab (targeting amyloid plaques), which recently received FDA accelerated approval, had one positive and one negative phase 3 trial. More than 25 negative randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated Aβ-targeting therapeutics, yet none has directly evaluated whether selective blockage of disease-relevant AβOs can stop or reverse AD-associated cognitive decline. Here, we briefly summarize studies that establish the AD therapeutic rationale to target AβOs selectively, and we describe ACU193, the first AβO-selective immunotherapeutic to enter human clinical trials and the first positioned to test the AβO hypothesis of AD.
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10
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Singh SK, Balendra V, Obaid AA, Esposto J, Tikhonova MA, Gautam NK, Poeggeler B. Copper-Mediated β-Amyloid Toxicity and its Chelation Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Metallomics 2022; 14:6554256. [PMID: 35333348 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The link between bio-metals, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its associated protein, amyloid-β (Aβ) is very complex and one of the most studied aspects currently. Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is proposed to occurs due to the misfolding and aggregation of Aβ. Dyshomeostasis of metal ions and their interaction with Aβ has largely been implicated in AD. Copper plays a crucial role in amyloid-β toxicity and AD development potentially occurs through direct interaction with the copper-binding motif of APP and different amino acid residues of Aβ. Previous reports suggest that high levels of copper accumulation in the AD brain result in modulation of toxic Aβ peptide levels, implicating the role of copper in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we explore the possible mode of copper ion interaction with Aβ which accelerates the kinetics of fibril formation and promote amyloid-β mediated cell toxicity in Alzheimer's disease and the potential use of various copper chelators in the prevention of copper-mediated Aβ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow-226002, India
| | - Vyshnavy Balendra
- Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, Illinois, United States of America 60068
| | - Ahmad A Obaid
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josephine Esposto
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, CanadaK9L 0G2
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Laboratory of the Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine; Timakov st., 4, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
| | - Naveen Kumar Gautam
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Burkhard Poeggeler
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology & Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Am Türmchen 3,33332 Gütersloh, Germany
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11
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Wilhelmus MMM, Chouchane O, Loos M, Jongenelen CAM, Brevé JJP, Jonker A, Bol JGJM, Smit AB, Drukarch B. Absence of tissue transglutaminase reduces amyloid-beta pathology in APP23 mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12796. [PMID: 35141929 PMCID: PMC9304226 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by amyloid‐beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. Targeting Aβ aggregates is a major approach for AD therapies, although attempts have had little to no success so far. A novel treatment option is to focus on blocking the actual formation of Aβ multimers. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is abundantly expressed in the human brain and plays a key role in post‐translational modifications in Aβ resulting in covalently cross‐linked, stable and neurotoxic Aβ oligomers. In vivo absence of TG2 in the APP23 mouse model may provide evidence that TG2 plays a key role in development and/or progression of Aβ‐related pathology. Methods Here, we compared the effects on Aβ pathology in the presence or absence of TG2 using 12‐month‐old wild type, APP23 and a crossbreed of the TG2−/− mouse model and APP23 mice (APP23/TG2−/−). Results Using immunohistochemistry, we found that the number of Aβ deposits was significantly reduced in the absence of TG2 compared with age‐matched APP23 mice. To pinpoint possible TG2‐associated mechanisms involved in this observation, we analysed soluble brain Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42 and/or Aβ40/42 ratio, and mRNA levels of human APP and TG2 family members present in brain of the various mouse models. In addition, using immunohistochemistry, both beta‐pleated sheet formation in Aβ deposits and the presence of reactive astrocytes associated with Aβ deposits were analysed. Conclusions We found that absence of TG2 reduces the formation of Aβ pathology in the APP23 mouse model, suggesting that TG2 may be a suitable therapeutic target for reducing Aβ deposition in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Osoul Chouchane
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Jongenelen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J P Brevé
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allert Jonker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Golde TE. Disease-Modifying Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: More Questions than Answers. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:209-227. [PMID: 35229269 PMCID: PMC8885119 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific advances over the last four decades have steadily infused the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field with great optimism that therapies targeting Aβ, amyloid, tau, and innate immune activation states in the brain would provide disease modification. Unfortunately, this optimistic scenario has not yet played out. Though a recent approval of the anti-Aβ aggregate binding antibody, Aduhelm (aducanumab), as a "disease-modifying therapy for AD" is viewed by some as a breakthrough, many remain unconvinced by the data underlying this approval. Collectively, we have not succeeded in changing AD from a largely untreatable, inevitable, and incurable disease to a treatable, preventable, and curable one. Here, I will review the major foci of the AD "disease-modifying" therapeutic pipeline and some of the "open questions" that remain in terms of these therapeutic approaches. I will conclude the review by discussing how we, as a field, might adjust our approach, learning from our past failures to ensure future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Golde
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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13
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Schreiner TG, Popescu BO. Amyloid Beta Dynamics in Biological Fluids-Therapeutic Impact. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5986. [PMID: 34945282 PMCID: PMC8706225 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at individual and socioeconomic levels and the numerous research studies carried out on this topic over the last decades, the treatments available in daily clinical practice remain less than satisfactory. Among the accepted etiopathogenic hypotheses, the amyloidogenic pathway theory, although intensively studied and even sometimes controversial, is still providing relevant theoretical elements for understanding the etiology of AD and for the further development of possible therapeutic tools. In this sense, this review aims to offer new insights related to beta amyloid (Aβ), an essential biomarker in AD. First the structure and function of Aβ in normal and pathological conditions are presented in detail, followed by a discussion on the dynamics of Aβ at the level of different biological compartments. There is focus on Aβ elimination modalities at central nervous system (CNS) level, and clearance via the blood-brain barrier seems to play a crucial/dominant role. Finally, different theoretical and already-applied therapeutic approaches for CNS Aβ elimination are presented, including the recent "peripheral sink therapeutic strategy" and "cerebrospinal fluid sinks therapeutic strategy". These data outline the need for a multidisciplinary approach designed to deliver a solution to stimulate Aβ clearance in more direct ways, including from the cerebrospinal fluid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Bamburg JR, Minamide LS, Wiggan O, Tahtamouni LH, Kuhn TB. Cofilin and Actin Dynamics: Multiple Modes of Regulation and Their Impacts in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102726. [PMID: 34685706 PMCID: PMC8534876 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family are ubiquitous among eukaryotes and are essential regulators of actin dynamics and function. Mammalian neurons express cofilin-1 as the major isoform, but ADF and cofilin-2 are also expressed. All isoforms bind preferentially and cooperatively along ADP-subunits in F-actin, affecting the filament helical rotation, and when either alone or when enhanced by other proteins, promotes filament severing and subunit turnover. Although self-regulating cofilin-mediated actin dynamics can drive motility without post-translational regulation, cells utilize many mechanisms to locally control cofilin, including cooperation/competition with other proteins. Newly identified post-translational modifications function with or are independent from the well-established phosphorylation of serine 3 and provide unexplored avenues for isoform specific regulation. Cofilin modulates actin transport and function in the nucleus as well as actin organization associated with mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Under neuronal stress conditions, cofilin-saturated F-actin fragments can undergo oxidative cross-linking and bundle together to form cofilin-actin rods. Rods form in abundance within neurons around brain ischemic lesions and can be rapidly induced in neurites of most hippocampal and cortical neurons through energy depletion or glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In ~20% of rodent hippocampal neurons, rods form more slowly in a receptor-mediated process triggered by factors intimately connected to disease-related dementias, e.g., amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease. This rod-inducing pathway requires a cellular prion protein, NADPH oxidase, and G-protein coupled receptors, e.g., CXCR4 and CCR5. Here, we will review many aspects of cofilin regulation and its contribution to synaptic loss and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-988-9120; Fax: +1-970-491-0494
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - Lubna H. Tahtamouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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15
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Guarrasi V, Rappa GC, Costa MA, Librizzi F, Raimondo M, Di Stefano V, Germanà MA, Vilasi S. Valorization of Apple Peels through the Study of the Effects on the Amyloid Aggregation Process of κ-Casein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082371. [PMID: 33921801 PMCID: PMC8073991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste valorization represents one of the main social challenges when promoting a circular economy and environmental sustainability. Here, we evaluated the effect of the polyphenols extracted from apple peels, normally disposed of as waste, on the amyloid aggregation process of κ-casein from bovine milk, a well-used amyloidogenic model system. The effect of the apple peel extract on protein aggregation was examined using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay, Congo red binding assay, circular dichroism, light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. We found that the phenolic extract from the peel of apples of the cultivar “Fuji”, cultivated in Sicily (Caltavuturo, Italy), inhibited κ-casein fibril formation in a dose-dependent way. In particular, we found that the extract significantly reduced the protein aggregation rate and inhibited the secondary structure reorganization that accompanies κ-casein amyloid formation. Protein-aggregated species resulting from the incubation of κ-casein in the presence of polyphenols under amyloid aggregation conditions were reduced in number and different in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guarrasi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916809356
| | - Giacoma Cinzia Rappa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Maria Assunta Costa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Fabio Librizzi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Marco Raimondo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Silvia Vilasi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
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16
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Banchelli M, Cascella R, D’Andrea C, La Penna G, Li MS, Machetti F, Matteini P, Pizzanelli S. Probing the Structure of Toxic Amyloid-β Oligomers with Electron Spin Resonance and Molecular Modeling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1150-1161. [PMID: 33724783 PMCID: PMC9284516 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural models of the toxic species involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease are of utmost importance to understand the molecular mechanism and to describe early biomarkers of the disease. Among toxic species, soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are particularly important, because they are responsible for spreading cell damages over brain regions, thus rapidly impairing brain functions. In this work we obtain structural information on a carefully prepared Aβ(1-42) sample, representing a toxic state for cell cultures, by combining electron spin resonance spectroscopy and computational models. We exploited the binding of Cu2+ to Aβ(1-42) and used copper as a probe for estimating Cu-Cu distances in the oligomers by applying double electron-electron resonance (DEER) pulse sequence. The DEER trace of this sample displays a unique feature that fits well with structural models of oligomers formed by Cu-cross-linked peptide dimers. Because Cu is bound to the Aβ(1-42) N-terminus, for the first time structural constraints that are missing in reported studies are provided at physiological conditions for the Aβ N-termini. These constraints suggest the Aβ(1-42) dimer as the building block of soluble oligomers, thus changing the scenario for any kinetic model of Aβ(1-42) aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Banchelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, I-50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristiano D’Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Penna
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN),
Section of Roma-Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu
Duc District, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Fabrizio Machetti
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Paolo Matteini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzanelli
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Smith LK, Babcock IW, Minamide LS, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Kuhn TB. Direct interaction of HIV gp120 with neuronal CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors induces cofilin-actin rod pathology via a cellular prion protein- and NOX-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248309. [PMID: 33705493 PMCID: PMC7951892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of individuals with long-term HIV infection are affected by the onset of progressive HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HIV infiltrates the central nervous system (CNS) early during primary infection where it establishes persistent infection in microglia (resident macrophages) and astrocytes that in turn release inflammatory cytokines, small neurotoxic mediators, and viral proteins. While the molecular mechanisms underlying pathology in HAND remain poorly understood, synaptodendritic damage has emerged as a hallmark of HIV infection of the CNS. Here, we report that the HIV viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces the formation of aberrant, rod-shaped cofilin-actin inclusions (rods) in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons via a signaling pathway common to other neurodegenerative stimuli including oligomeric, soluble amyloid-β and proinflammatory cytokines. Previous studies showed that synaptic function is impaired preferentially in the distal proximity of rods within dendrites. Our studies demonstrate gp120 binding to either chemokine co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 is capable of inducing rod formation, and signaling through this pathway requires active NADPH oxidase presumably through the formation of superoxide (O2-) and the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC). These findings link gp120-mediated oxidative stress to the generation of rods, which may underlie early synaptic dysfunction observed in HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Isaac W. Babcock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alisa E. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Jarero-Basulto JJ, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Gasca-Martínez D, García-Sierra F, Gasca-Martínez Y, Beas-Zárate C. Current Evidence on the Protective Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Its Molecular Variants against Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120424. [PMID: 33255969 PMCID: PMC7760199 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence in the literature demonstrates the pleiotropic effects of the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and its molecular variants in different tissues and organs, including the brain. Some of these reports suggest that the chemical properties of this molecule by itself or in combination with other agents (e.g., growth factors) could provide the necessary pharmacological characteristics to be considered a potential protective agent in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a degenerative disorder of the brain, characterized by an aberrant accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-p) proteins in the extracellular and intracellular space, respectively, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and other neuronal alterations that compromise cell viability, causing neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Unfortunately, to date, it lacks an effective therapeutic strategy for its treatment. Therefore, in this review, we analyze the evidence regarding the effects of exogenous EPOs (rhEPO and its molecular variants) in several in vivo and in vitro Aβ and tau-p models of AD-type neurodegeneration, to be considered as an alternative protective treatment to this condition. Particularly, we focus on analyzing the differential effect of molecular variants of rhEPO when changes in doses, route of administration, duration of treatment or application times, are evaluated for the improved cellular alterations generated in this disease. This narrative review shows the evidence of the effectiveness of the exogenous EPOs as potential therapeutic molecules, focused on the mechanisms that establish cellular damage and clinical manifestation in the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.J.-B.); (M.C.R.-C.); Tel.: +52-33-37771150 ((J.J.J.-B. & M.C.R.-C.)
| | - Martha C. Rivera-Cervantes
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.J.-B.); (M.C.R.-C.); Tel.: +52-33-37771150 ((J.J.J.-B. & M.C.R.-C.)
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martínez
- Behavioral Analysis Unit, Neurobiology Institute, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Francisco García-Sierra
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Yadira Gasca-Martínez
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico; (Y.G.-M.); (C.B.-Z.)
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45220, Mexico; (Y.G.-M.); (C.B.-Z.)
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19
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Nguyen H, Linh HQ, Matteini P, La Penna G, Li MS. Emergence of Barrel Motif in Amyloid-β Trimer: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10617-10631. [PMID: 33180492 PMCID: PMC7735726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides form assemblies that are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ oligomers are soluble, mobile, and toxic forms of the peptide that act in the extracellular space before assembling into protofibrils and fibrils. Therefore, oligomers play an important role in the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. Since it is difficult to determine by experiment the atomic structures of oligomers, which accumulate fast and are polymorphic, computer simulation is a useful tool to investigate elusive oligomers' structures. In this work, we report extended all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, both canonical and replica exchange, of Aβ(1-42) trimer starting from two different initial conformations: (i) the pose produced by the best docking of a monomer aside of a dimer (simulation 1), representing oligomers freshly formed by assembling monomers, and (ii) a configuration extracted from an experimental mature fibril structure (simulation 2), representing settled oligomers in equilibrium with extended fibrils. We showed that in simulation 1, regions with small β-barrels are populated, indicating the chance of spontaneous formation of domains resembling channel-like structures. These structural domains are alternative to those more representative of mature fibrils (simulation 2), the latter showing a stable bundle of C-termini that is not sampled in simulation 1. Moreover, trimer of Aβ(1-42) can form internal pores that are large enough to be accessed by water molecules and Ca2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang
Linh Nguyen
- Institute
for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software
City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Ho
Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Quang Linh
- Ho
Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute
of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Penna
- National
Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute
for Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), 50019 Florence, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics
(INFN), Section of Roma-Tor
Vergata Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Al. Lotnikow
32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mai Suan Li
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics
(INFN), Section of Roma-Tor
Vergata Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Al. Lotnikow
32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Vadukul DM, Maina M, Franklin H, Nardecchia A, Serpell LC, Marshall KE. Internalisation and toxicity of amyloid-β 1-42 are influenced by its conformation and assembly state rather than size. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3490-3503. [PMID: 32871611 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils found in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains are composed of amyloid-β peptides. Oligomeric amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) is thought to play a critical role in neurodegeneration in AD. Here, we determine how size and conformation affect neurotoxicity and internalisation of Aβ42 assemblies using biophysical methods, immunoblotting, toxicity assays and live-cell imaging. We report significant cytotoxicity of Aβ42 oligomers and their internalisation into neurons. In contrast, Aβ42 fibrils show reduced internalisation and no toxicity. Sonicating Aβ42 fibrils generates species similar in size to oligomers but remains nontoxic. The results suggest that Aβ42 oligomers have unique properties that underlie their neurotoxic potential. Furthermore, we show that incubating cells with Aβ42 oligomers for 24 h is sufficient to trigger irreversible neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devkee M Vadukul
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK.,CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Maina
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK.,College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Nigeria
| | - Hannah Franklin
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
| | - Astrid Nardecchia
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
| | - Louise C Serpell
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
| | - Karen E Marshall
- Dementia Research group, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, E Sussex, UK
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21
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Raha-Chowdhury R, Henderson JW, Raha AA, Vuono R, Bickerton A, Jones E, Fincham R, Allinson K, Holland A, Zaman SH. Choroid Plexus Acts as Gatekeeper for TREM2, Abnormal Accumulation of ApoE, and Fibrillary Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and in Down Syndrome Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:91-109. [PMID: 30909239 PMCID: PMC6598012 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Genetic factors that influence Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk include mutations in TREM2 and allelic variants of Apolipoprotein E, influencing AD pathology in the general population and in Down syndrome (DS). Evidence shows that dysfunction of the choroid plexus may compromise the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, altering secretary, transport and immune function that can affect AD pathology. Objective: To investigate the genotype and phenotype of DS individuals in relation to choroid plexus damage and blood-CSF barrier leakage to identify markers that could facilitate early diagnosis of AD in DS. Methods: To assess allele frequency and haplotype associations ApoE, Tau, TREM2, and HLA-DR were analyzed by SNP analysis in DS participants (n = 47) and controls (n = 50). The corresponding plasma protein levels were measured by ELISA. Postmortem brains from DS, AD, and age-matched controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Haplotype analysis showed that individuals with Tau H1/H1 and ApoEɛ4 genotypes were more prevalent among DS participants with an earlier diagnosis of dementia (17%) compared to H1/H2 haplotypes (6%). Plasma TREM2 levels decreased whereas phospho-tau levels increased with age in DS. In AD and DS brain, insoluble tau and ApoE were found to accumulate in the choroid plexus. Conclusion: Accumulation of tau and ApoE in the choroid plexus may increase the oligomerization rate of Aβ42 and impair tau trafficking, leading to AD pathology. We have identified a high-risk haplotype: ApoEɛ4, Tau/H1, and TREM2/T, that manifests age-related changes potentially opening a window for treatment many years prior to the manifestation of the AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Raha-Chowdhury
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK.,John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James W Henderson
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Animesh Alexander Raha
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Romina Vuono
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anastasia Bickerton
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Fincham
- Clinical Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Clinical Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony Holland
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahid H Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Significance of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Sensitivity, Specificity and Potential for Clinical Use. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030116. [PMID: 32911755 PMCID: PMC7565390 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting more than 5 million Americans, with steadily increasing mortality and incredible socio-economic burden. Not only have therapeutic efforts so far failed to reach significant efficacy, but the real pathogenesis of the disease is still obscure. The current theories are based on pathological findings of amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles that accumulate in the brain parenchyma of affected patients. These findings have defined, together with the extensive neurodegeneration, the diagnostic criteria of the disease. The ability to detect changes in the levels of amyloid and tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) first, and more recently in blood, has allowed us to use these biomarkers for the specific in-vivo diagnosis of AD in humans. Furthermore, other pathological elements of AD, such as the loss of neurons, inflammation and metabolic derangement, have translated to the definition of other CSF and blood biomarkers, which are not specific of the disease but, when combined with amyloid and tau, correlate with the progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD dementia, or identify patients who will develop AD pathology. In this review, we discuss the role of current and hypothetical biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, their specificity, and the caveats of current high-sensitivity platforms for their peripheral detection.
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23
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Ghosh P, Rana P, Rangachari V, Saha J, Steen E, Vaidya A. A game-theoretic approach to deciphering the dynamics of amyloid- β aggregation along competing pathways. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191814. [PMID: 32431878 PMCID: PMC7211858 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a significant event that underpins Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ aggregates, especially the low-molecular weight oligomers, are the primary toxic agents in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, there is increasing interest in understanding their formation and behaviour. In this paper, we use our previously established results on heterotypic interactions between Aβ and fatty acids (FAs) to investigate off-pathway aggregation under the control of FA concentrations to develop a mathematical framework that captures the mechanism. Our framework to define and simulate the competing on- and off-pathways of Aβ aggregation is based on the principles of game theory. Together with detailed simulations and biophysical experiments, our models describe the dynamics involved in the mechanisms of Aβ aggregation in the presence of FAs to adopt multiple pathways. Specifically, our reduced-order computations indicate that the emergence of off- or on-pathway aggregates are tightly controlled by a narrow set of rate constants, and one could alter such parameters to populate a particular oligomeric species. These models agree with the detailed simulations and experimental data on using FA as a heterotypic partner to modulate the temporal parameters. Predicting spatio-temporal landscape along competing pathways for a given heterotypic partner such as lipids is a first step towards simulating scenarios in which the generation of specific 'conformer strains' of Aβ could be predicted. This approach could be significant in deciphering the mechanisms of amyloid aggregation and strain generation, which are ubiquitously observed in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Pratip Rana
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Jhinuk Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Edward Steen
- Department of Mathematical Science, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Ashwin Vaidya
- Department of Mathematical Science, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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24
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJB, Cheng YC, Yen C, Lin CH, Chen SJ, Huang RN. Nanogold Neuroprotection in Human Neural Stem Cells Against Amyloid-beta-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Neuroscience 2020; 435:44-57. [PMID: 32229231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neuronal dementia with progressive memory loss. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides has major effect in the neurodegenerative disorder, which are thought to promote mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brains. Anti-AD drugs acting upon the brain are generally difficult to develop, often cause serious side effects or lack therapeutic efficacy. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), including for neuroprotective events and AD. The aim of this study is to understand how AuNPs could exert their neuroprotective role in AD, for which cell model have chosen human neural stem cells (hNSCs) as the experimental tool. We hypothesize AuNPs protect against Aβ-induced cellular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in hNSCs. Here, we show AuNPs increase the survival of hNSCs treated with Aβ via downregulation of caspase 3 and 9 activities. Moreover, AuNPs abrogated the Aβ-mediated decrease neuroprotective (CREB and Bcl-2) and mitochondrial (PGC1α, NRF-1 and Tfam) gene expressions in treated hNSCs. Importantly, co-treatment with AuNPs significantly rescued hNSCs from Aβ-mediated mitochondrial function and morphology. AuNPs also significantly normalizes the immunostaining of mitochondrial marker and mass in differentiated hNSCs with Aβ. The effects may be exerted by the AuNPs, as supported by its protective reversal of Aβ-induced cellular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in hNSCs. In fact, the results presented extend our understanding of the mechanisms through which AuNPs could exert their neuroprotective role in hNSCs treated with Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiahui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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25
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Allnutt MA, Johnson K, Bennett DA, Connor SM, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Albert MS, Resnick SM, Scholz SW, De Jager PL, Jacobson S. Human Herpesvirus 6 Detection in Alzheimer's Disease Cases and Controls across Multiple Cohorts. Neuron 2020; 105:1027-1035.e2. [PMID: 31983538 PMCID: PMC7182308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between viral infection and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has long been an area of interest, but proving causality has been elusive. Several recent studies have renewed the debate concerning the role of herpesviruses, and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in particular, in AD. We screened for HHV-6 detection across three independent AD brain repositories using (1) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets and (2) DNA samples extracted from AD and non-AD control brains. The RNA-seq data were screened for pathogens against taxon references from over 25,000 microbes, including 118 human viruses, whereas DNA samples were probed for PCR reactivity to HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 demonstrated little specificity to AD brains over controls by either method, whereas other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), were detected at comparable levels. These direct methods of viral detection do not suggest an association between HHV-6 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Allnutt
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- Bioinformatics Section, Information Technology & Bioinformatics Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Alzheimer Disease Center, RUSH University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah M Connor
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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26
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Cai M, Jung I, Kwon H, Cho E, Jeon J, Yun J, Lee YC, Kim DH, Ryu JH. Spinosin Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Synaptic Dysfunction via Regulation of Plasmin Activity. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:131-136. [PMID: 31791115 PMCID: PMC7059816 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Many agents regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity show an ameliorative effect on AD pathology, making them potential candidates for AD therapy. In the present study, we investigated spinosin as a regulating agent of synaptic plasticity in AD. Spinosin attenuated amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment, and improved plasmin activity and protein level in the hippocampi of 5XFAD mice, a transgenic AD mouse model. Moreover, the effect of spinosin on hippocampal LTP in 5XFAD mice was prevented by 6-aminocaproic acid, a plasmin inhibitor. These results suggest that spinosin improves synaptic function in the AD hippocampus by regulating plasmin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Cai
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hippolyte A, Vernis L. [D-enantiomeric peptides could be a new therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:897-900. [PMID: 31845883 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pour la quatrième année, dans le cadre du module d’enseignement « Physiopathologie de la signalisation » proposé par l’université Paris-sud, les étudiants du Master « Biologie Santé » de l’université Paris-Saclay se sont confrontés à l’écriture scientifique. Ils ont sélectionné 15 articles scientifiques récents dans le domaine de la signalisation cellulaire présentant des résultats originaux, via des approches expérimentales variées, sur des thèmes allant des relations hôte-pathogène aux innovations thérapeutiques, en passant par la signalisation hépatique et le métabolisme. Après un travail préparatoire réalisé avec l’équipe pédagogique, les étudiants, organisés en binômes, ont ensuite rédigé, guidés par des chercheurs, une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité de l’article étudié. Ils ont beaucoup apprécié cette initiation à l’écriture d’articles scientifiques et, comme vous pourrez le lire, se sont investis dans ce travail avec enthousiasme ! Deux de ces Nouvelles sont publiées dans ce numéro, les autres le seront dans des prochains numéros.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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28
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The Role of Secretase Pathway in Long-term Brain Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment in an Animal Model of Severe Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1159-1169. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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29
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Lv G, Shen Y, Zheng W, Yang J, Li C, Lin J. Fluorescence Detection and Dissociation of Amyloid‐β Species for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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30
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Yu L, Wu AG, Wong VKW, Qu LQ, Zhang N, Qin DL, Zeng W, Tang B, Wang HM, Wang Q, Law BYK. The New Application of UHPLC-DAD-TOF/MS in Identification of Inhibitors on β-Amyloid Fibrillation From Scutellaria baicalensis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:194. [PMID: 30936829 PMCID: PMC6431657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Literary evidence depicts that aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) leads to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases, there is no effective way for identifying active compounds from their complicated chemical compositions. Instead of using a traditional herbal separation method with low efficiency, we herein apply UHPLC-DAD-TOF/MS for the accurate identification of the active compounds that inhibit the fibrillation of Aβ (1-42), via an evaluation of the peak area of individual chemical components in chromatogram, after incubation with an Aβ peptide. Using the neuroprotective herbal plant Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) as a study model, the inhibitory effect on Aβ by its individual compounds, were validated using the thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence assay, biolayer interferometry analysis, dot immunoblotting and native gel electrophoresis after UHPLC-DAD-TOF/MS analysis. The viability of cells after Aβ (1-42) incubation was further evaluated using both the tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis. Thirteen major chemical components in SB were identified by UHPLC-DAD-TOF/MS after incubation with Aβ (1-42). The peak areas of two components from SB, baicalein and baicalin, were significantly reduced after incubation with Aβ (1-42), compared to compounds alone, without incubation with Aβ (1-42). Consistently, both compounds inhibited the formation of Aβ (1-42) fibrils and increased the viability of cells after Aβ (1-42) incubation. Based on the hypothesis that active chemical components have to possess binding affinity to Aβ (1-42) to inhibit its fibrillation, a new application using UHPLC-DAD-TOF/MS for accurate identification of inhibitors from herbal plants on Aβ (1-42) fibrillation was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sino-Portugal Traditional Chinese Medicine International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drugability Evaluation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Li-Qun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drugability Evaluation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hui-Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Qiong Wang
- Sino-Portugal Traditional Chinese Medicine International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
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31
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Forloni G, Chiesa R, Bugiani O, Salmona M, Tagliavini F. Review: PrP 106-126 - 25 years after. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:430-440. [PMID: 30635947 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A quarter of a century ago, we proposed an innovative approach to study the pathogenesis of prion disease, one of the most intriguing biomedical problems that remains unresolved. The synthesis of a peptide homologous to residues 106-126 of the human prion protein (PrP106-126), a sequence present in the PrP amyloid protein of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome patients, provided a tractable tool for investigating the mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Together with several other discoveries at the beginning of the 1990s, PrP106-126 contributed to underpin the role of amyloid in the pathogenesis of protein-misfolding neurodegenerative disorders. Later, the role of oligomers on one hand and of prion-like spreading of pathology on the other further clarified mechanisms shared by different neurodegenerative conditions. Our original report on PrP106-126 neurotoxicity also highlighted a role for programmed cell death in CNS diseases. In this review, we analyse the prion research context in which PrP106-126 first appeared and the advances in our understanding of prion disease pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives 25 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - R Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - O Bugiani
- Department of Biochemistry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - M Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - F Tagliavini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy
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Effect of Varying Concentrations of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Amyloid Beta (1⁻42) Aggregation: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123089. [PMID: 30486385 PMCID: PMC6321163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare has advanced significantly, bringing with it longer life expectancies and a growing population of elders who suffer from dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide has been implicated in the cause of AD, where the peptides undergo a conformational change and form neurotoxic amyloid oligomers which cause neuronal cell death. While AD has no cure, preventative measures are being designed to either slow down or stop the progression of this neurodegenerative disease. One of these measures involves dietary supplements with polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This omega-3 fatty acid is a key component of brain development and has been suggested to reduce the progression of cognitive decline. However, different studies have yielded different results as to whether DHA has positive, negative, or no effects on Aβ fibril formation. We believe that these discrepancies can be explained with varying concentrations of DHA. Here, we test the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of DHA on amyloid fibril formation using atomic force microscopy. Our results show that DHA has a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ1–42 fibril formation at lower concentrations (50% reduction in fibril length) than higher concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (70% increase in fibril length and three times the length of those at lower concentrations). We provide evidence that various concentrations of DHA can play a role in the inhibitory effects of amyloid fibril formation in vitro and help explain the discrepancies observed in previous studies.
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Ziehm T, Buell AK, Willbold D. Role of Hydrophobicity and Charge of Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Eliminating d-Peptides in the Interaction with Amyloid-Beta Monomers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2679-2688. [PMID: 29893543 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the self-assembly process of amyloid-beta and even more the removal of already existing toxic amyloid-beta assemblies represent promising therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer's disease. To approach this aim, we selected a d-enantiomeric peptide by phage-display based on the interaction with amyloid-beta monomers. This lead compound was successfully optimized by peptide microarrays with respect to its affinity and specificity to the target resulting in d-peptides with both increased hydrophobicity and net charge. Here, we present a detailed biophysical characterization of the interactions between these optimized d-peptides and amyloid-beta monomers in comparison to the original lead compound in order to obtain a more thorough understanding of the physicochemical determinants of the interactions. Kinetics and apparent stoichiometry of complex formation were studied using surface plasmon resonance. Potential modes of binding to amyloid-beta were identified, and the influences of ionic strength on complex stability, as well as on the inhibitory effect on amyloid-beta aggregation were investigated. The results reveal a very different mode of interaction of the optimized d-peptides based on a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions as compared to the mostly electrostatically driven interaction of the lead compound. These conclusions were supported by the thermodynamic profiles of the interaction between optimized d-peptides and Aβ monomers, which indicate an increase in binding entropy with respect to the lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander K. Buell
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rösener NS, Gremer L, Reinartz E, König A, Brener O, Heise H, Hoyer W, Neudecker P, Willbold D. A d-enantiomeric peptide interferes with heteroassociation of amyloid-β oligomers and prion protein. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15748-15764. [PMID: 30131337 PMCID: PMC6187637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. One AD hallmark is the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) into soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils. Several studies have reported that oligomers rather than fibrils are the most toxic species in AD progression. Aβ oligomers bind with high affinity to membrane-associated prion protein (PrP), leading to toxic signaling across the cell membrane, which makes the Aβ-PrP interaction an attractive therapeutic target. Here, probing this interaction in more detail, we found that both full-length, soluble human (hu) PrP(23-230) and huPrP(23-144), lacking the globular C-terminal domain, bind to Aβ oligomers to form large complexes above the megadalton size range. Following purification by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation, the Aβ and huPrP contents in these heteroassemblies were quantified by reversed-phase HPLC. The Aβ:PrP molar ratio in these assemblies exhibited some limited variation depending on the molar ratio of the initial mixture. Specifically, a molar ratio of about four Aβ to one huPrP in the presence of an excess of huPrP(23-230) or huPrP(23-144) suggested that four Aβ units are required to form one huPrP-binding site. Of note, an Aβ-binding all-d-enantiomeric peptide, RD2D3, competed with huPrP for Aβ oligomers and interfered with Aβ-PrP heteroassembly in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results highlight the importance of multivalent epitopes on Aβ oligomers for Aβ-PrP interactions and have yielded an all-d-peptide-based, therapeutically promising agent that competes with PrP for these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Rösener
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Elke Reinartz
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
| | - Anna König
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Brener
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Neudecker
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Farrell ME, Chen X, Rundle MM, Chan MY, Wig GS, Park DC. Regional amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline in initially amyloid-negative adults. Neurology 2018; 91:e1809-e1821. [PMID: 30305451 PMCID: PMC6251600 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether global or regional changes in amyloid burden over 4 years predict early declines in episodic memory in initially amyloid-negative adults. Methods One hundred twenty-six initially amyloid-negative, cognitively normal participants (age 30–89 years) were included from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study who completed florbetapir PET and a cognitive battery at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) change was computed across 8 bilateral regions of interest. Using general linear models, we examined the relationship between change in global and regional SUVR and change in episodic memory, controlling for baseline SUVR, baseline memory, age, sex, education, and APOE status. Results In initially amyloid-negative adults, we detected a regionally specific relationship between declining episodic memory and increasing amyloid accumulation across multiple posterior cortical regions. In addition, these amyloid-related changes in memory persisted when we focused on middle-aged adults only and after controlling for atrophy in global cortical, hippocampal, and Alzheimer disease signature cortical volume. Conclusion Our results indicate that assessing regional changes in amyloid, particularly in posterior cortical regions, can aid in the early detection of subclinical amyloid-related decline in episodic memory as early as middle age. Future research incorporating tau and other markers of neurodegeneration is needed to clarify the sequence of events that lead to this early, subclinical memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Farrell
- From the Center for Vital Longevity (M.E.F., X.C., M.M.R., M.Y.C., G.S.W., D.C.P.), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychiatry (G.S.W., D.C.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
| | - Xi Chen
- From the Center for Vital Longevity (M.E.F., X.C., M.M.R., M.Y.C., G.S.W., D.C.P.), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychiatry (G.S.W., D.C.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Melissa M Rundle
- From the Center for Vital Longevity (M.E.F., X.C., M.M.R., M.Y.C., G.S.W., D.C.P.), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychiatry (G.S.W., D.C.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Micaela Y Chan
- From the Center for Vital Longevity (M.E.F., X.C., M.M.R., M.Y.C., G.S.W., D.C.P.), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychiatry (G.S.W., D.C.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Gagan S Wig
- From the Center for Vital Longevity (M.E.F., X.C., M.M.R., M.Y.C., G.S.W., D.C.P.), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychiatry (G.S.W., D.C.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Denise C Park
- From the Center for Vital Longevity (M.E.F., X.C., M.M.R., M.Y.C., G.S.W., D.C.P.), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychiatry (G.S.W., D.C.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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A Bifunctional Anti-Amyloid Blocks Oxidative Stress and the Accumulation of Intraneuronal Amyloid-Beta. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082010. [PMID: 30103547 PMCID: PMC6222334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition regarding the role of intracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) in the Alzheimer’s disease process, which has been linked with aberrant signaling and the disruption of protein degradation mechanisms. Most notably, intraneuronal Aβ likely underlies the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that have been identified as key elements of disease progression. In this study, we employed fluorescence imaging to explore the ability of a bifunctional small molecule to reduce aggregates of intracellular Aβ and attenuate oxidative stress. Structurally, this small molecule is comprised of a nitroxide spin label linked to an amyloidophilic fluorene and is known as spin-labeled fluorene (SLF). The effect of the SLF on intracellular Aβ accumulation and oxidative stress was measured in MC65 cells, a human neuronal cell line with inducible expression of the amyloid precursor protein and in the N2a neuronal cell line treated with exogenous Aβ. Super-resolution microscopy imaging showed SLF decreases the accumulation of intracellular Aβ. Confocal microscopy imaging of MC65 cells treated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive dye demonstrated SLF significantly reduces the intracellular Aβ-induced ROS signal. In order to determine the contributions of the separate SLF moieties to these protective activities, experiments were also carried out on cells with nitroxides lacking the Aβ targeting domain or fluorene derivatives lacking the nitroxide functionality. The findings support a synergistic effect of SLF in counteracting both the conformational toxicity of both endogenous and exogenous Aβ, its promotion of ROS, and Aβ metabolism. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate an intimate link between ROS production and Aβ oligomer formation.
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Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Suppiramaniam V, Moore T, Dhanasekaran M. Autotaxin⁻Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071827. [PMID: 29933579 PMCID: PMC6073975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain contains various forms of lipids that are important for maintaining its structural integrity and regulating various signaling cascades. Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2 enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA is a major bioactive lipid which acts through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and plays an important role in mediating cellular signaling processes. The majority of synthesized LPA is derived from membrane phospholipids through the action of the secreted enzyme ATX. Both ATX and LPA are highly expressed in the central nervous system. Dysfunctional expression and activity of ATX with associated changes in LPA signaling have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review focuses on the current understanding of LPA signaling, with emphasis on the importance of the autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid (ATX–LPA) pathway and its alterations in AD and a brief note on future therapeutic applications based on ATX–LPA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Transthyretin Interferes with Aβ Amyloid Formation by Redirecting Oligomeric Nuclei into Non-Amyloid Aggregates. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2722-2733. [PMID: 29890120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathological Aβ aggregates associated with Alzheimer's disease follow a nucleation-dependent path of formation. A nucleus represents an oligomeric assembly of Aβ peptides that acts as a template for subsequent incorporation of monomers to form a fibrillar structure. Nuclei can form de novo or via surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation, and the combined rates of elongation and nucleation control the overall rate of fibril formation. Transthyretin (TTR) obstructs Aβ fibril formation in favor of alternative non-fibrillar assemblies, but the mechanism behind this activity is not fully understood. This study shows that TTR does not significantly disturb fibril elongation; rather, it effectively interferes with the formation of oligomeric nuclei. We demonstrate that this interference can be modulated by altering the relative contribution of elongation and nucleation, and we show how TTR's effects can range from being essentially ineffective to almost complete inhibition of fibril formation without changing the concentration of TTR or monomeric Aβ.
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Ashraf J, Ahmad J, Ali A, Ul-Haq Z. Analyzing the Behavior of Neuronal Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Using Petri Net Modeling Approach. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:26. [PMID: 29875647 PMCID: PMC5974338 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neuro-degenerative disorder in the elderly that leads to dementia. The hallmark of AD is senile lesions made by abnormal aggregation of amyloid beta in extracellular space of brain. One of the challenges in AD treatment is to better understand the mechanism of action of key proteins and their related pathways involved in neuronal cell death in order to identify adequate therapeutic targets. This study focuses on the phenomenon of aggregation of amyloid beta into plaques by considering the signal transduction pathways of Calpain-Calpastatin (CAST) regulation system and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing pathways along with Ca2+ channels. These pathways are modeled and analyzed individually as well as collectively through Stochastic Petri Nets for comprehensive analysis and thorough understating of AD. The model predicts that the deregulation of Calpain activity, disruption of Calcium homeostasis, inhibition of CAST and elevation of abnormal APP processing are key cytotoxic events resulting in an early AD onset and progression. Interestingly, the model also reveals that plaques accumulation start early (at the age of 40) in life but symptoms appear late. These results suggest that the process of neuro-degeneration can be slowed down or paused by slowing down the degradation rate of Calpain-CAST Complex. In the light of this study, the suggestive therapeutic strategy might be the prevention of the degradation of Calpain-CAST complexes and the inhibition of Calpain for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Ashraf
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Brännström K, Islam T, Gharibyan AL, Iakovleva I, Nilsson L, Lee CC, Sandblad L, Pamrén A, Olofsson A. The Properties of Amyloid-β Fibrils Are Determined by their Path of Formation. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1940-1949. [PMID: 29751013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibril formation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) follows a nucleation-dependent polymerization process and is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Several different lengths of Aβ are observed in vivo, but Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 are the dominant forms. The fibril architectures of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 differ and Aβ1-42 assemblies are generally considered more pathogenic. We show here that monomeric Aβ1-42 can be cross-templated and incorporated into the ends of Aβ1-40 fibrils, while incorporation of Aβ1-40 monomers into Aβ1-42 fibrils is very poor. We also show that via cross-templating incorporated Aβ monomers acquire the properties of the parental fibrils. The suppressed ability of Aβ1-40 to incorporate into the ends of Aβ1-42 fibrils and the capacity of Aβ1-42 monomers to adopt the properties of Aβ1-40 fibrils may thus represent two mechanisms reducing the total load of fibrils having the intrinsic, and possibly pathogenic, features of Aβ1-42 fibrils in vivo. We also show that the transfer of fibrillar properties is restricted to fibril-end templating and does not apply to cross-nucleation via the recently described path of surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation, which instead generates similar structures to those acquired via de novo primary nucleation in the absence of catalyzing seeds. Taken together these results uncover an intrinsic barrier that prevents Aβ1-40 from adopting the fibrillar properties of Aβ1-42 and exposes that the transfer of properties between amyloid-β fibrils are determined by their path of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Brännström
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Tohidul Islam
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gharibyan
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Irina Iakovleva
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Cheng Choo Lee
- Umeå University, Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy (UCEM), Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Umeå University, Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy (UCEM), Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Annelie Pamrén
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linneaus väg 4, Umeå, SE 90187, Sweden.
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Beckert B, Acker-Palmer A, Volknandt W. Aβ42 oligomers impair the bioenergetic activity in hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice. Biol Chem 2018; 399:453-465. [PMID: 29337689 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Employing hippocampal synaptosomes from amyloid precursor protein (APP)-deleted mice we analyzed the immediate effects of amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) peptide in its oligomeric or fibrillar assembly or of soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα) protein on their bioenergetic activity. Upon administration of oligomeric Aβ42 peptide for 30 min we observed a robust decrease both in mitochondrial activity and in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In contrast the respective fibrillary or scrambled peptides showed no effect, indicating that inhibition strictly depends on the oligomerization status of the peptide. Hippocampal synaptosomes from old APP-KO mice revealed a further reduction of their already impaired bioenergetic activity upon incubation with 10 μm Aβ42 peptide. In addition we evaluated the influence of the sAPPα protein on mitochondrial activity of hippocampal synaptosomes derived from young or old APP-KO animals. In neither case 20 nm nor 200 nm sAPPα protein had an effect on mitochondrial metabolic activity. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice are a most suitable model system to evaluate the impact of Aβ42 peptide on its bioenergetic activity and to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impairments by oligomeric Aβ42 on mitochondrial function. Our data demonstrate that extracellular Aβ42 peptide is taken up into synaptosomes where it immediately attenuates mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Beckert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Walter Volknandt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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42
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Peineau S, Rabiant K, Pierrefiche O, Potier B. Synaptic plasticity modulation by circulating peptides and metaplasticity: Involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:385-401. [PMID: 29425728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a cellular process involved in learning and memory whose alteration in its two main forms (Long Term Depression (LTD) and Long Term Potentiation (LTP)), is observed in most brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In humans, AD is associated at the cellular level with neuropathological lesions composed of extracellular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, cellular loss, neuroinflammation and a general brain homeostasis dysregulation. Thus, a dramatic synaptic environment perturbation is observed in AD patients, involving changes in brain neuropeptides, cytokines, growth factors or chemokines concentration and diffusion. Studies performed in animal models demonstrate that these circulating peptides strongly affect synaptic functions and in particular synaptic plasticity. Besides this neuromodulatory action of circulating peptides, other synaptic plasticity regulation mechanisms such as metaplasticity are altered in AD animal models. Here, we will review new insights into the study of synaptic plasticity regulatory/modulatory mechanisms which could influence the process of synaptic plasticity in the context of AD with a particular attention to the role of metaplasticity and peptide dependent neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Peineau
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kevin Rabiant
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Pierrefiche
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Brigitte Potier
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS-ENS UMR9188, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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Oil Palm Phenolics Inhibit the In Vitro Aggregation of β-Amyloid Peptide into Oligomeric Complexes. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 2018:7608038. [PMID: 29666700 PMCID: PMC5831689 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7608038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) into toxic oligomers which activate microglia and astrocytes causing acute neuroinflammation. Multiple studies show that the soluble oligomers of Aβ42 are neurotoxic and proinflammatory, whereas the monomers and insoluble fibrils are relatively nontoxic. We show that Aβ42 aggregation is inhibited in vitro by oil palm phenolics (OPP), an aqueous extract from the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). The data shows that OPP inhibits stacking of β-pleated sheets, which is essential for oligomerization. We demonstrate the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by (1) mass spectrometry; (2) Congo Red dye binding; (3) 2D-IR spectroscopy; (4) dynamic light scattering; (5) transmission electron microscopy; and (6) transgenic yeast rescue assay. In the yeast rescue assay, OPP significantly reduces the cytotoxicity of aggregating neuropeptides in yeast genetically engineered to overexpress these peptides. The data shows that OPP inhibits (1) the aggregation of Aβ into oligomers; (2) stacking of β-pleated sheets; and (3) fibrillar growth and coalescence. These inhibitory effects prevent the formation of neurotoxic oligomers and hold potential as a means to reduce neuroinflammation and neuronal death and thereby may play some role in the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Schuster J, Funke SA. Methods for the Specific Detection and Quantitation of Amyloid-β Oligomers in Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:53-67. [PMID: 27163804 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are fundamental features of the majority of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and prion diseases. Proteinaceous deposits in the brain of the patient, e.g., amyloid plaques consisting of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tangles composed of tau protein, are the hallmarks of AD. Soluble oligomers of Aβ and tau play a fundamental role in disease progression, and specific detection and quantification of the respective oligomeric proteins in cerebrospinal fluid may provide presymptomatically detectable biomarkers, paving the way for early diagnosis or even prognosis. Several studies on the development of techniques for the specific detection of Aβ oligomers were published, but some of the existing tools do not yet seem to be satisfactory, and the study results are contradicting. The detection of oligomers is challenging due to their polymorphous and unstable nature, their low concentration, and the presence of competing proteins and Aβ monomers in body fluids. Here, we present an overview of the current state of the development of methods for Aβ oligomer specific detection and quantitation. The methods are divided in the three subgroups: (i) enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), (ii) methods for single oligomer detection, and (iii) others, which are mainly biosensor based methods.
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Lejbman N, Olivera A, Heinzelmann M, Feng R, Yun S, Kim HS, Gill J. Active duty service members who sustain a traumatic brain injury have chronically elevated peripheral concentrations of Aβ40 and lower ratios of Aβ42/40. Brain Inj 2018; 30:1436-1441. [PMID: 27834544 PMCID: PMC5152557 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1219054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary objective: Excessive accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau have been observed in older individuals with chronic neurological symptoms related to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet little is known about the possible role of Aβ in younger active duty service members following a TBI. The purpose of the study was to determine if Aβ 40 or 42 related to sustaining a TBI or to chronic neurological symptoms in a young cohort of military personnel. Research design: This was a cross-sectional study of active duty service members who reported sustaining a TBI and provided self-report of neurological and psychological symptoms and provided blood. Methods and procedures: An ultrasensitive single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to compare concentrations of Aβ in active duty service members with (TBI+; n = 53) and without (TBI–; n = 18) a history of TBI. Self-report and medical history were used to measure TBI occurrence and approximate the number of total TBIs and the severity of TBIs sustained during deployment. Main outcomes and results: This study reports that TBI is associated with higher concentrations of Aβ40 (F1,68 = 6.948, p = 0.009) and a lower ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 (F1,62 = 5.671, p = 0.020). These differences remained significant after controlling for co-morbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that alterations in Aβ relate to TBIs and may contribute to chronic neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Lejbman
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Anlys Olivera
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Morgan Heinzelmann
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Rebekah Feng
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sijung Yun
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b Yotta Biomed, LLC , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Head E, Helman AM, Powell D, Schmitt FA. Down syndrome, beta-amyloid and neuroimaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:102-109. [PMID: 28935420 PMCID: PMC5748259 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of Aβ in AD pathogenesis in Down syndrome and current approaches for imaging Aβ in vivo. We will describe how Aβ deposits with age, the posttranslational modifications that can occur, and detection in biofluids. Three unique case studies describing partial trisomy 21 cases without APP triplication, and the occurrences of low level mosaic trisomy 21 in an early onset AD patient are presented. Brain imaging for Aβ includes those by positron emission tomography and ligands (Pittsburgh Compound B, Florbetapir, and FDDNP) that bind Aβ have been published and are summarized here. In combination, we have learned a great deal about Aβ in DS in terms of characterizing age of onset of this pathology and it is exciting to note that there is a clinical trial in DS targeting Aβ that may lead to clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Head
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Alex M Helman
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Neurology, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - David Powell
- University of Kentucky, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Neurology, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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Fessel J. Amyloid is essential but insufficient for Alzheimer causation: addition of subcellular cofactors is required for dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:e14-e21. [PMID: 28509380 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the hypotheses stating the importance of amyloid or of its oligomers in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Published studies were examined. RESULTS The importance of amyloid in the pathogenesis of AD is well established, yet accepting it as the main cause for AD is problematic, because amyloid-centric treatments have provided no clinical benefit and about one-third of cognitively normal, older persons have cerebral amyloid plaques. Also problematic is the alternative hypothesis that, instead of amyloid plaques, it is oligomers of amyloid precursor protein that cause AD.Evidence is presented suggesting amyloid/oligomers as necessary but insufficient causes of the dementia and that, for dementia to develop, requires the addition of cofactors known to be associated with AD. Those cofactors include several subcellular processes: mitochondrial impairments; the Wnt signaling system; the unfolded protein response; the ubiquitin proteasome system; the Notch signaling system; and tau, calcium, and oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS A modified amyloid/oligomer hypothesis for the pathogenesis of AD is that activation of one or more of the aforementioned cofactors creates a burden of functional impairments that, in conjunction with amyloid/oligomers, now crosses a threshold of dysfunction that results in clinical dementia. Of considerable importance, several treatments that might reverse the activation of some of the subcellular processes are available, for example, lithium, pioglitazone, erythropoietin, and prazosin; they should be given in combination in a clinical trial to test their safety and efficacy. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Clinical Trials Unit, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Arnés M, Casas-Tintó S, Malmendal A, Ferrús A. Amyloid β42 peptide is toxic to non-neural cells in Drosophila yielding a characteristic metabolite profile and the effect can be suppressed by PI3K. Biol Open 2017; 6:1664-1671. [PMID: 29141953 PMCID: PMC5703620 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Aβ42 peptide is associated with Alzheimer's disease through its deleterious effects in neurons. Expressing the human peptide in adult Drosophila in a tissue- and time-controlled manner, we show that Aβ42 is also toxic in non-neural cells, neurosecretory and epithelial cell types in particular. This form of toxicity includes the aberrant signaling by Wingless morphogen leading to the eventual activation of Caspase 3. Preventing Caspase 3 activation by means of p53 keeps epithelial cells from elimination but maintains the Aβ42 toxicity yielding more severe deleterious effects to the organism. Metabolic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of adult flies at selected ages post Aβ42 expression onset reveals characteristic changes in metabolites as early markers of the pathological process. All morphological and most metabolic features of Aβ42 toxicity can be suppressed by the joint overexpression of PI3K. Summary: The Alzheimer's disease-related Aβ42 peptide is toxic for non-neural cells. This toxicity can be detected by specific metabolite changes and suppressed by the overexpression of the enzyme PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Arnés
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anders Malmendal
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alberto Ferrús
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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Hilt S, Rojalin T, Viitala T, Koivuniemi A, Bunker A, Hogiu SW, Kálai T, Hideg K, Yliperttula M, Voss JC. Oligomerization Alters Binding Affinity Between Amyloid Beta and a Modulator of Peptide Aggregation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:23974-23987. [PMID: 30214656 PMCID: PMC6130836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The soluble oligomeric form of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is the major causative agent in the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously developed a pyrroline-nitroxyl fluorene compound (SLF) that blocks the toxicity of Aβ. Here we introduce the multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance (MP-SPR) approach to quantify SLF binding and effect on the self-association of the peptide via a label-free, real-time approach. Kinetic analysis of SLF binding to Aβ and measurements of layer thickness alterations inform on the mechanism underlying the ability of SLF to inhibit Aβ toxicity and its progression towards larger oligomeric assemblies. Depending on the oligomeric state of Aβ, distinct binding affinities for SLF are revealed. The Aβ monomer and dimer uniquely possess sub-nanomolar affinity for SLF via a non-specific mode of binding. SLF binding is weaker in oligomeric Aβ, which displays an affinity for SLF on the order of 100 μM. To complement these experiments we carried out molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to explore how SLF interacts with the Aβ peptide. The MP-SPR results together with in silico modeling provide affinity data for the SLF-Aβ interaction and allow us to develop a new general method for examining protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hilt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, USA
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Wachsmann Hogiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, USA
- Intellectual Ventures/Global Good, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Tamás Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, H 7624 Pécs, Szigeti st. 12. Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Hideg
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, H 7624 Pécs, Szigeti st. 12. Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - John C. Voss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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50
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Brunner D, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Duller S, Scopes D, Treherne J, Hutter-Paier B. SEN1500, a novel oral amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor, attenuates brain pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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