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Strudwick XL, Cowin AJ. Multifunctional Roles of the Actin-Binding Protein Flightless I in Inflammation, Cancer and Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603508. [PMID: 33330501 PMCID: PMC7732498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flightless I is an actin-binding member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodeling proteins that inhibits actin polymerization but does not possess actin severing ability. Flightless I functions as a regulator of many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration all of which are important for many physiological processes including wound repair, cancer progression and inflammation. More than simply facilitating cytoskeletal rearrangements, Flightless I has other important roles in the regulation of gene transcription within the nucleus where it interacts with nuclear hormone receptors to modulate cellular activities. In conjunction with key binding partners Leucine rich repeat in the Flightless I interaction proteins (LRRFIP)1/2, Flightless I acts both synergistically and competitively to regulate a wide range of cellular signaling including interacting with two of the most important inflammatory pathways, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the MyD88-TLR4 pathways. In this review we outline the current knowledge about this important cytoskeletal protein and describe its many functions across a range of health conditions and pathologies. We provide perspectives for future development of Flightless I as a potential target for clinical translation and insights into potential therapeutic approaches to manipulate Flightless I functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe L Strudwick
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
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2
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Thomas HM, Ahangar P, Hofma BR, Strudwick XL, Fitridge R, Mills SJ, Cowin AJ. Attenuation of Flightless I Increases Human Pericyte Proliferation, Migration and Angiogenic Functions and Improves Healing in Murine Diabetic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165599. [PMID: 32764293 PMCID: PMC7460558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are peri-vascular mural cells which have an important role in the homeostatic regulation of inflammatory and angiogenic processes. Flightless I (Flii) is a cytoskeletal protein involved in regulating cellular functions, but its involvement in pericyte activities during wound healing is unknown. Exacerbated inflammation and reduced angiogenesis are hallmarks of impaired diabetic healing responses, and strategies aimed at regulating these processes are vital for improving healing outcomes. To determine the effect of altering Flii expression on pericyte function, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the effect on healing, inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Here, we demonstrated that human diabetic wounds display upregulated expression of the Flii protein in conjunction with a depletion in the number of platelet derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) +/ neural glial antigen 2 (NG2) + pericytes present in the dermis. Human pericytes were found to be positive for Flii and attenuating its expression in vitro through siRNA knockdown led to enhanced proliferation, migration and angiogenic functions. Genetic knockdown of Flii in a streptozotocin-induced murine model of diabetes led to increased numbers of pericytes within the wound. This was associated with dampened inflammation, an increased rate of angiogenic repair and improved wound healing. Our findings show that Flii expression directly impacts pericyte functions, including proliferation, motility and angiogenic responses. This suggests that Flii regulation of pericyte function may be in part responsible for the changes in pericyte-related processes observed in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Thomas
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (P.A.); (B.R.H.); (X.L.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Parinaz Ahangar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (P.A.); (B.R.H.); (X.L.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin R Hofma
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (P.A.); (B.R.H.); (X.L.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (P.A.); (B.R.H.); (X.L.S.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Stuart J Mills
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (P.A.); (B.R.H.); (X.L.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (P.A.); (B.R.H.); (X.L.S.); (S.J.M.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-883-025-018
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3
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Tinning H, Taylor A, Wang D, Constantinides B, Sutton R, Oikonomou G, Velazquez MA, Thompson P, Treumann A, O'Connell MJ, Forde N. The role of CAPG in molecular communication between the embryo and the uterine endometrium: Is its function conserved in species with different implantation strategies? FASEB J 2020; 34:11015-11029. [PMID: 32619075 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000882rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the preimplantation period of pregnancy in eutherian mammals, transcriptional and proteomic changes in the uterine endometrium are required to facilitate receptivity to an implanting blastocyst. These changes are mediated, in part, by proteins produced by the developing conceptus (inner cell mass and extraembryonic membranes). We hypothesized that this common process in early pregnancy in eutheria may be facilitated by highly conserved conceptus-derived proteins such as macrophage capping protein (CAPG). We propose that CAPG may share functionality in modifying the transcriptome of the endometrial epithelial cells to facilitate receptivity to implantation in species with different implantation strategies. A recombinant bovine form of CAPG (91% sequence identity between bovine and human) was produced and bovine endometrial epithelial (bEECs) and stromal (bESCs) and human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) were cultured for 24 hours with and without recombinant bovine CAPG (rbCAPG). RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were used to assess the transcriptional response to rbCAPG (Control, vehicle, CAPG 10, 100, 1000 ng/mL: n = 3 biological replicates per treatment per species). Treatment of bEECs with CAPG resulted in alterations in the abundance of 1052 transcripts (629 increased and 423 decreased) compared to vehicle controls. Treatment of hEECs with bovine CAPG increased expression of transcripts previously known to interact with CAPG in different systems (CAPZB, CAPZA2, ADD1, and ADK) compared with vehicle controls (P < .05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that CAPG, a highly conserved protein in eutherian mammals, elicits a transcriptional response in the endometrial epithelium in species with different implantation strategies that may contribute to pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidee Tinning
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alysha Taylor
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Bede Constantinides
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruth Sutton
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miguel A Velazquez
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Thompson
- Protein and Proteome Analysis (NUPPA), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Achim Treumann
- Protein and Proteome Analysis (NUPPA), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Niamh Forde
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Park JE, Jang J, Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Yoo HJ, Lee S, Kang MJ. Potential involvement of Drosophila flightless-1 in carbohydrate metabolism. BMB Rep 2018. [PMID: 30060781 PMCID: PMC6177503 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.9.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study of ours indicated that Drosophila flightless-1 controls lipid metabolism, and that there is an accumulation of triglycerides in flightless-1 (fliI)-mutant flies, where this mutation triggers metabolic stress and an obesity phenotype. Here, with the aim of characterizing the function of FliI in metabolism, we analyzed the levels of gene expression and metabolites in fliI-mutant flies. The levels of enzymes related to glycolysis, lipogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway increased in fliI mutants; this result is consistent with the levels of metabolites corresponding to a metabolic pathway. Moreover, high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that Drosophila FliI regulates the expression of genes related to biological processes such as chromosome organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune reactions. These results showed that Drosophila FliI regulates the expression of metabolic genes, and that dysregulation of the transcription controlled by FliI gives rise to metabolic stress and problems in the development and physiology of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jinho Jang
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Kopecki Z, Yang GN, Jackson JE, Melville EL, Calley MP, Murrell DF, Darby IA, O'Toole EA, Samuel MS, Cowin AJ. Cytoskeletal protein Flightless I inhibits apoptosis, enhances tumor cell invasion and promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36426-40. [PMID: 26497552 PMCID: PMC4742187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii) is an actin remodeling protein that affects cellular processes including adhesion, proliferation and migration. In order to determine the role of Flii during carcinogenesis, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were induced in Flii heterozygous (Flii+/-), wild-type and Flii overexpressing (FliiTg/Tg) mice by intradermal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Flii levels were further assessed in biopsies from human SCCs and the human SCC cell line (MET-1) was used to determine the effect of Flii on cellular invasion. Flii was highly expressed in human SCC biopsies particularly by the invading cells at the tumor edge. FliiTg/Tg mice developed large, aggressive SCCs in response to MCA. In contrast Flii+/- mice had significantly smaller tumors that were less invasive. Intradermal injection of Flii neutralizing antibodies during SCC initiation and progression significantly reduced the size of the tumors and, in vitro, decreased cellular sphere formation and invasion. Analysis of the tumors from the Flii overexpressing mice showed reduced caspase I and annexin V expression suggesting Flii may negatively regulate apoptosis within these tumors. These studies therefore suggest that Flii enhances SCC tumor progression by decreasing apoptosis and enhancing tumor cell invasion. Targeting Flii may be a potential strategy for reducing the severity of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew P Calley
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Darby
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Shrivastava A, Prasad A, Kuzontkoski PM, Yu J, Groopman JE. Slit2N Inhibits Transmission of HIV-1 from Dendritic Cells to T-cells by Modulating Novel Cytoskeletal Elements. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16833. [PMID: 26582347 PMCID: PMC4652184 DOI: 10.1038/srep16833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are among the first cells to encounter sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), in the mucosa, and they can transmit HIV-1 to CD4(+) T-cells via an infectious synapse. Recent studies reveal that actin-rich membrane extensions establish direct contact between cells at this synapse and facilitate virus transmission. Genesis of these contacts involves signaling through c-Src and Cdc42, which modulate actin polymerization and filopodia formation via the Arp2/3 complex and Diaphanous 2 (Diaph2). We found that Slit2N, a ligand for the Roundabout (Robo) receptors, blocked HIV-1-induced signaling through Arp2/3 and Diaph2, decreased filopodial extensions on dendritic cells, and inhibited cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 in a Robo1-dependent manner. Employing proteomic analysis, we identified Flightless-1 as a novel, Robo1-interacting protein. Treatment with shRNAs reduced levels of Flightless-1 and demonstrated its role in efficient cell-to-cell transfer of HIV-1. These results suggest a novel strategy to limit viral infection in the host by targeting the Slit/Robo pathway with modulation of cytoskeletal elements previously unrecognized in HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paula M. Kuzontkoski
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- DynaMed, EBSCO Information Services, 10 Estes Street, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome E. Groopman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Wang T, Song W, Chen Y, Chen R, Liu Z, Wu L, Li M, Yang J, Wang L, Liu J, Ye Z, Wang C, Chen K. Flightless I Homolog Represses Prostate Cancer Progression through Targeting Androgen Receptor Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1531-44. [PMID: 26527749 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flightless I (FLII), member of the gelsolin superfamily of actin-remodeling proteins, functions as a transcriptional coregulator. We aim to evaluate a tumor-suppressive function of FLII in regulating androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined FLII protein and mRNA expression in clinical prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to evaluate the difference in disease-overall survival associated with the expression levels of FLII and AR. Prostate cancer cells stably expressing FLII or shRNA knockdown were used for functional analyses. Immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter, and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to examine the functional interaction between FLII and AR. RESULTS Our analysis of the expression levels of FLII in a clinical gene expression array dataset showed that the expression of FLII was positively correlated with the overall survival of prostate cancer patients exhibiting high levels of AR expression. Examination of protein and mRNA levels of FLII showed a significant decrease of FLII expression in human prostate cancers. AR and FLII formed a complex in a ligand-dependent manner through the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR. Subsequently, we observed a competitive binding to AR between FLII and the ligand. FLII inhibited AR transactivation and decreased AR nuclear localization. Furthermore, FLII contributed to castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cell growth through AR-dependent signaling, and reintroduction of FLII in prostate cancer cells sensitized the cells to bicalutamide and enzalutamide treatment. CONCLUSIONS FLII plays a tumor-suppressive role and serves as a crucial determinant of resistance of prostate cancer to endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruibao Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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8
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Turner CT, Waters JM, Jackson JE, Arkell RM, Cowin AJ. Fibroblast-specific upregulation of Flightless I impairs wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:692-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Turner
- Regenerative Medicine; Mawson Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - James M. Waters
- Regenerative Medicine; Mawson Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Jessica E. Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine; Mawson Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ruth M. Arkell
- Research School of Biological Sciences; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine; Mawson Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
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9
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Arora PD, Wang Y, Bresnick A, Janmey PA, McCulloch CA. Flightless I interacts with NMMIIA to promote cell extension formation, which enables collagen remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2279-97. [PMID: 25877872 PMCID: PMC4462945 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the actin-capping protein flightless I in collagen remodeling by mouse fibroblasts is examined. Flightless and nonmuscle myosin IIA cooperate to enable collagen phagocytosis. We examined the role of the actin-capping protein flightless I (FliI) in collagen remodeling by mouse fibroblasts. FliI-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced spreading on collagen but formed elongated protrusions that stained for myosin10 and fascin and penetrated pores of collagen-coated membranes. Inhibition of Cdc42 blocked formation of cell protrusions. In FliI-knockdown cells, transfection with constitutively active Cdc42 did not enable protrusion formation. FliI-overexpressing cells displayed increased uptake and degradation of exogenous collagen and strongly compacted collagen fibrils, which was blocked by blebbistatin. Mass spectrometry analysis of FliI immunoprecipitates showed that FliI associated with nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMMIIA), which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. GFP-FliI colocalized with NMMIIA at cell protrusions. Purified FliI containing gelsolin-like domains (GLDs) 1–6 capped actin filaments efficiently, whereas FliI GLD 2–6 did not. Binding assays showed strong interaction of purified FliI protein (GLD 1–6) with the rod domain of NMMIIA (kD = 0.146 μM), whereas FliI GLD 2–6 showed lower binding affinity (kD = 0.8584 μM). Cells expressing FliI GLD 2–6 exhibited fewer cell extensions, did not colocalize with NMMIIA, and showed reduced collagen uptake compared with cells expressing FliI GLD 1–6. We conclude that FliI interacts with NMMIIA to promote cell extension formation, which enables collagen remodeling in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamma D Arora
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Anne Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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10
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Qi W, Gao Y, Tian J, Jiang H. Adseverin knockdown inhibits osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1483-91. [PMID: 25339151 PMCID: PMC4214352 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis is a complex process that is highly dependent on the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Adseverin (Ads), a member of the gelsolin superfamily of actin-binding proteins, regulates actin remodeling by severing and capping actin filaments. The objective of the present study was to characterize the role of Ads during osteoclastogenesis by assessing Ads expression and using a knockdown strategy. Immunoblot analyses were used to examine Ads expression during osteoclastogenesis. A stable Ads knockdown macrophage cell line was generated using a retroviral shRNA construct. Osteoclast differentiation was morphologically examined via cell staining with osteoclast specific markers and light microscopy. The results showed that Ads expression was significantly increased in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand during osteoclastogenesis, and Ads was highly expressed in mature osteoclasts. Ads-knockdown macrophages showed major osteoclastogenesis defects, most likely caused by a pre-osteoclast fusion defect. These results indicate that Ads deficiency in monocytes inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Thus, in future studies it could be noteworthy to investigate the function of Ads in bone marrow monocytes during osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Qi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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11
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Hahm JB, Schroeder AC, Privalsky ML. The two major isoforms of thyroid hormone receptor, TRα1 and TRβ1, preferentially partner with distinct panels of auxiliary proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:80-95. [PMID: 24325866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are expressed primarily as two major isoforms, TRα1 and TRβ1, which are expressed at different times in development and at different tissue abundances in the adult. The transcription properties and biological properties of TRα1 and TRβ1 can differ. We report here that although overlapping, TRα1 and TRβ1 recruit distinct panels of partner proteins that may account for their divergent biological functions, and which appear to explain their distinct target gene regulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie B Hahm
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Amy C Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Martin L Privalsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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12
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Cho IK, Chang CL, Li QX. Diet-induced over-expression of flightless-I protein and its relation to flightlessness in Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81099. [PMID: 24312525 PMCID: PMC3849048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata is among the most economically important pests worldwide. Understanding nutritional requirement helps rearing healthy medfly for biocontrol of its population in fields. Flight ability is a high priority criterion. Two groups of medfly larvae were reared with two identical component diets except one with fatty acids (diet A) and another without it (diet B). Adults from larvae reared on diet B demonstrated 20±8% of normal flight ability, whereas those from larvae reared on diet A displayed full flight ability of 97±1%. Proteomes were profiled to compare two groups of medfly pupae using shotgun proteomics to study dietary effects on flight ability. When proteins detected in pupae A were compared with those in pupae B, 233 and 239 proteins were, respectively, under- and over-expressed in pupae B, while 167 proteins were overlapped in both pupae A and B. Differential protein profiles indicate that nutritional deficiency induced over-expression of flightless-I protein (fli-I) in medfly. All proteins were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to create 13 biological networks and 17 pathways of interacting protein clusters in human ortholog. Fli-I, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing G protein-coupled receptor 2, LRR protein soc-2 and protein wings apart-like were over-expressed in pupae B. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, protocadherin-like wing polarity protein stan and several Wnt pathway proteins were under-expressed in pupae B. These results suggest down-regulation of the Wnt/wingless signaling pathway, which consequently may result in flightlessness in pupae B. The fli-I gene is known to be located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) region on chromosome 17, and thus, we speculate that nutritional deficiency might induce over-expression of fli-I (or fli-I gene) and be associated with human SMS. However, more evidence would be needed to confirm our speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Kyu Cho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Chiou Ling Chang
- U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Proszynski TJ, Sanes JR. Amotl2 interacts with LL5β, localizes to podosomes and regulates postsynaptic differentiation in muscle. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2225-35. [PMID: 23525008 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in mammalian skeletal muscle undergo a postnatal topological transformation from a simple oval plaque to a complex branched structure. We previously showed that podosomes, actin-rich adhesive organelles, promote the remodeling process, and demonstrated a key role for one podosome component, LL5β. To further investigate molecular mechanisms of postsynaptic maturation, we purified LL5β-associated proteins from myotubes and showed that three regulators of the actin cytoskeleton--Amotl2, Asef2 and Flii--interact with LL5β. These and other LL5β-interacting proteins are associated with conventional podosomes in macrophages and podosome-like invadopodia in fibroblasts, strengthening the close relationship between synaptic and non-synaptic podosomes. We then focused on Amotl2, showing that it is associated with synaptic podosomes in cultured myotubes and with NMJs in vivo. Depletion of Amotl2 in myotubes leads to increased size of synaptic podosomes and corresponding alterations in postsynaptic topology. Depletion of Amotl2 from fibroblasts disrupts invadopodia in these cells. These results demonstrate a role for Amotl2 in synaptic maturation and support the involvement of podosomes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Proszynski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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14
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The influence of Flightless I on Toll-like-receptor-mediated inflammation in a murine model of diabetic wound healing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:389792. [PMID: 23555084 PMCID: PMC3595111 DOI: 10.1155/2013/389792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing and ulceration represent a serious complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cytoskeletal protein Flightless I (Flii) is an important inhibitor of wound repair, and reduced Flii gene expression in fibroblasts increased migration, proliferation, and adhesion. As such it has the ability to influence all phases of wound healing including inflammation, remodelling and angiogenesis. Flii has the potential to modulate inflammation through its interaction with MyD88 which it an adaptor protein for TLR4. To assess the effect of Flii on the inflammatory response of diabetic wounds, we used a murine model of streptozocin-induced diabetes and Flii genetic mice. Increased levels of Flii were detected in Flii transgenic murine wounds resulting in impaired healing which was exacerbated when diabetes was induced. When Flii levels were reduced in diabetic wounds of Flii-deficient mice, healing was improved and decreased levels of TLR4 were observed. In contrast, increasing the level of Flii in diabetic mouse wounds led to increased TLR4 and NF- κ B production. Treatment of murine diabetic wounds with neutralising antibodies to Flii led to an improvement in healing with decreased expression of TLR4. Decreasing the level of Flii in diabetic wounds may therefore reduce the inflammatory response and improve healing.
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15
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Cowin AJ, Lei N, Franken L, Ruzehaji N, Offenhäuser C, Kopecki Z, Murray RZ. Lysosomal secretion of Flightless I upon injury has the potential to alter inflammation. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 5:546-9. [PMID: 23336022 PMCID: PMC3541319 DOI: 10.4161/cib.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Flightless I (Flii), a gelsolin family member, has been found to have roles modulating actin regulation, transcriptional regulation and inflammation. In vivo Flii can regulate wound healing responses. We have recently shown that a pool of Flii is secreted by fibroblasts and macrophages, cells typically found in wounds, and its secretion can be upregulated upon wounding. We show that secreted Flii can bind to the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide and has the potential to regulate inflammation. We now show that secreted Flii is present in both acute and chronic wound fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Cowin
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute; North Adelaide; SA Australia ; Discipline of Paediatrics; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA Australia
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16
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Bharadwaj AS, Appukuttan B, Wilmarth PA, Pan Y, Stempel AJ, Chipps TJ, Benedetti EE, Zamora DO, Choi D, David LL, Smith JR. Role of the retinal vascular endothelial cell in ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 32:102-80. [PMID: 22982179 PMCID: PMC3679193 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinal endothelial cells line the arborizing microvasculature that supplies and drains the neural retina. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of these endothelial cells are consistent with nutritional requirements and protection of a tissue critical to vision. On the one hand, the endothelium must ensure the supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the metabolically active retina, and allow access to circulating cells that maintain the vasculature or survey the retina for the presence of potential pathogens. On the other hand, the endothelium contributes to the blood-retinal barrier that protects the retina by excluding circulating molecular toxins, microorganisms, and pro-inflammatory leukocytes. Features required to fulfill these functions may also predispose to disease processes, such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization, and trafficking of microbes and inflammatory cells. Thus, the retinal endothelial cell is a key participant in retinal ischemic vasculopathies that include diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal inflammation or infection, as occurs in posterior uveitis. Using gene expression and proteomic profiling, it has been possible to explore the molecular phenotype of the human retinal endothelial cell and contribute to understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition to providing support for the involvement of well-characterized endothelial molecules, profiling has the power to identify new players in retinal pathologies. Findings may have implications for the design of new biological therapies. Additional progress in this field is anticipated as other technologies, including epigenetic profiling methods, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing, and metabolomics, are used to study the human retinal endothelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phillip A. Wilmarth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Yuzhen Pan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongseok Choi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Larry L. David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Justine R. Smith
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
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17
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Strudwick XL, Cowin AJ. Cytoskeletal regulation of dermal regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:1313-27. [PMID: 24710556 PMCID: PMC3901152 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing results in the repair of injured tissues however fibrosis and scar formation are, more often than not the unfortunate consequence of this process. The ability of lower order vertebrates and invertebrates to regenerate limbs and tissues has been all but lost in mammals; however, there are some instances where glimpses of mammalian regenerative capacity do exist. Here we describe the unlocked potential that exists in mammals that may help us understand the process of regeneration post-injury and highlight the potential role of the actin cytoskeleton in this process. The precise function and regulation of the cytoskeleton is critical to the success of the healing process and its manipulation may therefore facilitate regenerative healing. The gelsolin family of actin remodelling proteins in particular has been shown to have important functions in wound healing and family member Flightless I (Flii) is involved in both regeneration and repair. Understanding the interactions between different cytoskeletal proteins and their dynamic control of processes including cellular adhesion, contraction and motility may assist the development of therapeutics that will stimulate regeneration rather than repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe L Strudwick
- Wound Healing Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Wound Healing Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
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18
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Kopecki Z, Ruzehaji N, Turner C, Iwata H, Ludwig RJ, Zillikens D, Murrell DF, Cowin AJ. Topically applied flightless I neutralizing antibodies improve healing of blistered skin in a murine model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:1008-16. [PMID: 23223144 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a chronic inheritable disease that leads to severe blistering and fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that the actin cytoskeletal protein flightless I (Flii) impairs wound healing associated with EB. Using a mouse model of EB acquisita (EBA), the effect of "mopping up" Flii using Flii-neutralizing antibodies (FnAbs) before, during, and after blister formation was determined. FnAbs, incorporated into a cream vehicle and applied topically to the skin, penetrated into the basal epidermis and upper papillary dermis but were not detected in serum or other organs and did not alter neutrophil or macrophage infiltration into the blistered skin. Histological assessment of blister severity showed that treatment of early-stage blisters with FnAb cream reduced their severity and improved their rate of healing. Treatment of established blisters with FnAb cream also improved healing and restored the skin's tensile strength toward that of normal skin. Repeated application of FnAbs to EBA skin before the onset of blistering reduced the severity of skin blistering. Independent of when the FnAbs were applied, skin barrier function and wound healing were improved and skin fragility was reduced, suggesting that FnAbs could potentially improve healing of patients with EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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19
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Adams DH, Cowin AJ. Flii neutralizing antibodies improve wound healing in porcine preclinical studies. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:523-36. [PMID: 22672080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is an important area of widely unmet medical need, with millions of procedures carried out worldwide which could potentially benefit from a product to improve the wound repair process. Our studies investigating the actin-remodeling protein Flightless I (Flii) show it to be an important regulator of wound healing. Flii-deficient mice have enhanced wound healing in comparison to Flii overexpressing mice which have impaired wound healing. For the first time, we show that a Flightless I neutralizing monoclonal antibody (FnAb) therapy is effective in a large animal model of wound repair. Porcine 5 cm incisional and 6.25 cm(2) excisional wounds were treated with FnAb at the time of wounding and for two subsequent days. The wounds were dressed in Tegaderm dressings and left to heal by secondary intention for 7 and 35 days, respectively. At the relevant end points, the wounds were excised and processed for histological analysis. Parameters of wound area, collagen deposition, and scar appearance were analyzed. The results show that treatment with FnAb accelerates reepithelialization and improves the macroscopic appearance of early scars. FnAbs have the potential to enhance wound repair and reduce scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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20
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Kopecki Z, Arkell RM, Strudwick XL, Hirose M, Ludwig RJ, Kern JS, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Zillikens D, Murrell DF, Cowin AJ. Overexpression of the Flii
gene increases dermal-epidermal blistering in an autoimmune ColVII mouse model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Pathol 2011; 225:401-13. [PMID: 21984127 DOI: 10.1002/path.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Regeneration of Hair Follicles Is Modulated by Flightless I (Flii) in a Rodent Vibrissa Model. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:838-47. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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23
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Oma Y, Harata M. Actin-related proteins localized in the nucleus: from discovery to novel roles in nuclear organization. Nucleus 2011; 2:38-46. [PMID: 21647298 PMCID: PMC3104808 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.2.1.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin family consists of conventional actin and actin-related proteins (ARPs), and the members show moderate similarity and share the same basal structure. Following the finding of various ARPs in the cytoplasm in the 1990s, multiple subfamilies that are localized predominantly in the nucleus were identified. Consistent with these cytological observations, subsequent biochemical analyses revealed the involvement of the nuclear ARPs in ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling and histone acetyltransferase complexes. In addition to their contribution to chromatin remodeling, recent studies have shown that nuclear ARPs have roles in the organization of the nucleus that are independent of the activity of the above-mentioned complexes. Therefore, nuclear ARPs are recognized as novel key regulators of genome function, and affect not only the remodeling of chromatin but also the spatial arrangement and dynamics of chromatin within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Oma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Ambrosino C, Tarallo R, Bamundo A, Cuomo D, Franci G, Nassa G, Paris O, Ravo M, Giovane A, Zambrano N, Lepikhova T, Jänne OA, Baumann M, Nyman TA, Cicatiello L, Weisz A. Identification of a hormone-regulated dynamic nuclear actin network associated with estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cell nuclei. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1352-67. [PMID: 20308691 PMCID: PMC2877992 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900519-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is a modular protein of the steroid/nuclear receptor family of transcriptional regulators that upon binding to the hormone undergoes structural changes, resulting in its nuclear translocation and docking to specific chromatin sites. In the nucleus, ERalpha assembles in multiprotein complexes that act as final effectors of estrogen signaling to the genome through chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications, leading to dynamic and coordinated regulation of hormone-responsive genes. Identification of the molecular partners of ERalpha and understanding their combinatory interactions within functional complexes is a prerequisite to define the molecular basis of estrogen control of cell functions. To this end, affinity purification was applied to map and characterize the ERalpha interactome in hormone-responsive human breast cancer cell nuclei. MCF-7 cell clones expressing human ERalpha fused to a tandem affinity purification tag were generated and used to purify native nuclear ER-containing complexes by IgG-Sepharose affinity chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation. Purified complexes were analyzed by two-dimensional DIGE and mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of a ligand-dependent multiprotein complex comprising beta-actin, myosins, and several proteins involved in actin filament organization and dynamics and/or known to participate in actin-mediated regulation of gene transcription, chromatin dynamics, and ribosome biogenesis. Time course analyses indicated that complexes containing ERalpha and actin are assembled in the nucleus early after receptor activation by ligands, and gene knockdown experiments showed that gelsolin and the nuclear isoform of myosin 1c are key determinants for assembly and/or stability of these complexes. Based on these results, we propose that the actin network plays a role in nuclear ERalpha actions in breast cancer cells, including coordinated regulation of target gene activity, spatial and functional reorganization of chromatin, and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Ambrosino
- From the Departments of General Pathology and
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ornella Paris
- From the Departments of General Pathology and
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Naples Oncogenomics Center, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- From the Departments of General Pathology and
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Biochemistry and Biophysics “F. Cedrangolo,” Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marc Baumann
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A. Nyman
- Protein Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland, and
| | - Luigi Cicatiello
- From the Departments of General Pathology and
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Naples Oncogenomics Center, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- From the Departments of General Pathology and
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Naples Oncogenomics Center, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
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25
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Castano E, Philimonenko VV, Kahle M, Fukalová J, Kalendová A, Yildirim S, Dzijak R, Dingová-Krásna H, Hozák P. Actin complexes in the cell nucleus: new stones in an old field. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 133:607-26. [PMID: 20443021 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Actin is a well-known protein that has shown a myriad of activities in the cytoplasm. However, recent findings of actin involvement in nuclear processes are overwhelming. Actin complexes in the nucleus range from very dynamic chromatin-remodeling complexes to structural elements of the matrix with single partners known as actin-binding proteins (ABPs). This review summarizes the recent findings of actin-containing complexes in the nucleus. Particular attention is given to key processes like chromatin remodeling, transcription, DNA replication, nucleocytoplasmic transport and to actin roles in nuclear architecture. Understanding the mechanisms involving ABPs will definitely lead us to the principles of the regulation of gene expression performed via concerting nuclear and cytoplasmic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castano
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Xu J, Liao L, Qin J, Xu J, Liu D, Songyang Z. Identification of Flightless-I as a substrate of the cytokine-independent survival kinase CISK. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14377-85. [PMID: 19293151 PMCID: PMC2682886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807770200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase mediates multiple pathways that regulate many aspects of the cell including metabolism, survival, migration, and proliferation. Both Akt and cytokine-independent survival kinase (CISK)/SGK3 are known AGC family protein kinases that function downstream of PI 3-kinase. Although the Akt signaling pathway has been studied extensively, the specific signaling cascades that are modulated by CISK remain to be elucidated. To understand CISK function, we affinity-purified the CISK protein complex and identified Flightless-I (FLII) as a novel downstream target of CISK. Here we show that FLII is an in vivo substrate of CISK that functions downstream of PI 3-kinase. CISK can associate with FLII and phosphorylate FLII at residues Ser(436) and Thr(818). FLII has been shown to act as a co-activator for nuclear hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER). We demonstrate here that CISK can enhance ER transcription, which is dependent on its kinase activity, and mutation of CISK phosphorylation sites on FLII attenuates its activity as an ER co-activator. Furthermore, FLII knockdown by RNA interference renders 32D cells more sensitive to interleukin-3 withdrawal-induced apoptosis, suggesting that FLII itself is also a survival factor. These findings support the model that CISK phosphorylates FLII and activates nuclear receptor transcription and suggest a new cell survival signaling pathway mediated by PI 3-kinase and CISK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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27
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Dai P, Jeong SY, Yu Y, Leng T, Wu W, Xie L, Chen X. Modulation of TLR signaling by multiple MyD88-interacting partners including leucine-rich repeat Fli-I-interacting proteins. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3450-60. [PMID: 19265123 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest TLR-mediated signaling is tightly regulated by a specific chain of intracellular protein-protein interactions, some of which are yet to be identified. Previously we utilized a dual-tagging quantitative proteomics approach to uncover MyD88 interactions in LPS-stimulated cells and described the function of Fliih, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activity. Here we characterize two distinct LRR-binding MyD88 interactors, LRRFIP2 and Flap-1, and found that both are positive regulators of NF-kappaB activity. Upon LPS stimulation, LRRFIP2 was also found to positively regulate cytokine production in macrophages, suggesting a functional role in TLR4-mediated inflammatory response. Furthermore, we observed that immediately following LPS stimulation both LRRFIP2 and Flap-1 compete with Fliih for interacting with MyD88 to activate the signaling. By using a novel multiplex quantitative proteomic approach, we found that at endogenous levels these positive and negative regulators interact with MyD88 in a timely and orderly manner to differentially mediate the NF-kappaB activity through the course of signaling from initiation to prolongation, and to repression. Based on these data, we describe a mechanistic model in which selective modulation of TLR signaling is achieved by temporal and dynamic interactions of MyD88 with its regulators.
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28
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Seward ME, Easley CA, McLeod JJ, Myers AL, Tombes RM. Flightless-I, a gelsolin family member and transcriptional regulator, preferentially binds directly to activated cytosolic CaMK-II. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2489-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Cowin AJ, Adams DH, Strudwick XL, Chan H, Hooper JA, Sander GR, Rayner TE, Matthaei KI, Powell BC, Campbell HD. Flightless I deficiency enhances wound repair by increasing cell migration and proliferation. J Pathol 2007; 211:572-581. [PMID: 17326236 DOI: 10.1002/path.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing disorders are a therapeutic problem of increasing clinical importance involving substantial morbidity, mortality, and rising health costs. Our studies investigating flightless I (FliI), a highly conserved actin-remodelling protein, now reveal that FliI is an important regulator of wound repair whose manipulation may lead to enhanced wound outcomes. We demonstrate that FliI-deficient + /- mice are characterized by improved wound healing with increased epithelial migration and enhanced wound contraction. In contrast, FliI-overexpressing mice have significantly impaired wound healing with larger less contracted wounds and reduced cellular proliferation. We show that FliI is secreted in response to wounding and that topical application of antibodies raised against the leucine-rich repeat domain of the FliI protein (FliL) significantly improves wound repair. These studies reveal that FliI affects wound repair via mechanisms involving cell migration and proliferation and that FliI might represent an effective novel therapeutic factor to improve conditions in which wound healing is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cowin
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - D H Adams
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | - X L Strudwick
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | - H Chan
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J A Hooper
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution Group and Centre for the Molecular Genetics of Development, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - G R Sander
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - T E Rayner
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | - K I Matthaei
- Division of Molecular Bioscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - B C Powell
- Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - H D Campbell
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution Group and Centre for the Molecular Genetics of Development, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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30
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Ono S. Mechanism of depolymerization and severing of actin filaments and its significance in cytoskeletal dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 258:1-82. [PMID: 17338919 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)58001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is one of the major structural components of the cell. It often undergoes rapid reorganization and plays crucial roles in a number of dynamic cellular processes, including cell migration, cytokinesis, membrane trafficking, and morphogenesis. Actin monomers are polymerized into filaments under physiological conditions, but spontaneous depolymerization is too slow to maintain the fast actin filament dynamics observed in vivo. Gelsolin, actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, and several other actin-severing/depolymerizing proteins can enhance disassembly of actin filaments and promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This review presents advances as well as a historical overview of studies on the biochemical activities and cellular functions of actin-severing/depolymerizing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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31
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Muller J, Oma Y, Vallar L, Friederich E, Poch O, Winsor B. Sequence and comparative genomic analysis of actin-related proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:5736-48. [PMID: 16195354 PMCID: PMC1289417 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-related proteins (ARPs) are key players in cytoskeleton activities and nuclear functions. Two complexes, ARP2/3 and ARP1/11, also known as dynactin, are implicated in actin dynamics and in microtubule-based trafficking, respectively. ARP4 to ARP9 are components of many chromatin-modulating complexes. Conventional actins and ARPs codefine a large family of homologous proteins, the actin superfamily, with a tertiary structure known as the actin fold. Because ARPs and actin share high sequence conservation, clear family definition requires distinct features to easily and systematically identify each subfamily. In this study we performed an in depth sequence and comparative genomic analysis of ARP subfamilies. A high-quality multiple alignment of approximately 700 complete protein sequences homologous to actin, including 148 ARP sequences, allowed us to extend the ARP classification to new organisms. Sequence alignments revealed conserved residues, motifs, and inserted sequence signatures to define each ARP subfamily. These discriminative characteristics allowed us to develop ARPAnno (http://bips.u-strasbg.fr/ARPAnno), a new web server dedicated to the annotation of ARP sequences. Analyses of sequence conservation among actins and ARPs highlight part of the actin fold and suggest interactions between ARPs and actin-binding proteins. Finally, analysis of ARP distribution across eukaryotic phyla emphasizes the central importance of nuclear ARPs, particularly the multifunctional ARP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Génomique Structurales, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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