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Yang J, Dong Y, Hu L, Wang W, Li Y, Wang S, Wang C. Immortalization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lines from Sheep Umbilical Cord Tissue. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:551. [PMID: 39056743 PMCID: PMC11274198 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess significant differentiation potential, making them highly promising in medicine and immunotherapy due to their regenerative capabilities and exosome secretion. However, challenges such as limited cell divisions and complex testing hinder large-scale MSC production. In this study, we successfully established an immortalized MSC line by transfecting the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene into MSCs isolated from pregnant sheep umbilical cords. This approach effectively inhibits cell senescence and promotes cell proliferation, enabling the generation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) on a larger scale. Our findings demonstrate that these transfected TERT-UCMSCs exhibit enhanced proliferative capacity and a reduced aging rate compared to regular UCMSCs while maintaining their stemness without tumorigenicity concerns. Consequently, they hold great potential for medical applications requiring large quantities of functional MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yitong Dong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lixinyi Hu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Weihai Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yajun Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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2
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Xu G, Ban K, Mu H, Wang B. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomal lncRNA FAM99B Represses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Malignancy. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1389-1401. [PMID: 37351835 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes (Exo) have been frequently investigated for disease control. This study was designed to explore the effects of hucMSC-Exo carrying lncRNA family with sequence similarity 99-member B (Exo-lncRNA FAM99B) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell behaviour. The expression of lncRNA FAM99B in HCC cells was measured by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of exosomal markers were quantified using western blotting. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect surface markers of hucMSCs and to measure the effects of Exo-lncRNA FAM99B on HCC cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to measure the particle size of the exosomes. Additionally, cell viability was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays, and Transwell assays were performed to measure cell migration and invasion. Xenograft tumor models were established to explore the role of Exo-lncRNA FAM99B in vivo. Experimental results revealed that lncRNA FAM99B was downregulated in HCC cell lines, and low level of FAM99B is associated with poor survival rates in patients with HCC according to bioinformatics analysis. HucMSCs were identified in a good morphology with positively expressed CD105, CD29, and CD44 as well as negatively expressed CD31, CD14, and HLA-DR. High protein levels of exosomal markers (Alix, CD63 and TSG101) identified the existence of HucMSC-Exo. Importantly, the hucMSCs-Exo could enter HCC cells and exerted a suppressive effect on malignant cell activities. Moreover, overexpression of Exo-lncRNA FAM99B enhanced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis while suppressing cell viability, migration, and invasion in HCC. Exo-siRNA-FAM99B exerted the opposite effects on HCC cell process. In vivo experiments verified that Exo-lncRNA FAM99B inhibited tumorigenesis in HCC. In summary, lncRNA FAM99B derived from hucMSC-Exo inhibited malignant cellular phenotypes and tumorigenesis in HCC, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, No. 2007, Jiyin Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - Kunfeng Ban
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, No. 2007, Jiyin Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - Haifeng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, No. 2007, Jiyin Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211102, China
| | - Baochen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, No. 2007, Jiyin Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211102, China.
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Gui L, Wang Z, Lou W, Yekehfallah V, Basiri M, Gao WQ, Wang Y, Ma B. Comparative evaluation of antitumor effects of TNF superfamily costimulatory ligands delivered by mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111249. [PMID: 37995568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of costimulatory receptors serves as an alternative immunotherapeutic strategy other than checkpoint inhibition. However, systemic administration of the agonistic antibodies is associated with severe toxicities, which is one of the major obstacles for their clinical application. This study aimed to develop a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based system for tumor-targeted delivery of TNF superfamily ligands and assess their potential in enhancing antitumor immunity. Here we established an MSC-based system for tumor-targeted delivery of TNF superfamily ligands, including TNFSF4, 9 and 18. The TNFSF receptors (TNFRSFs) were evaluated in mouse models and patient samples for lung and colorectal cancers. TNFRSFs were all expressed at various levels on tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes, with TNFRSF18 being the most prevalent receptor. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs expressing these costimulatory ligands (MSC-TNFSFs) effectively activated lymphocytes in vitro and elicited antitumor immunity in mice. TNFSF4 showed the least antitumor efficacy in both LLC1 and CT26 tumor models. MSC-TNFSF9 showed the most potent tumor-inhibiting effect in the LLC1 tumor model, while MSCs expressing TNFSF18 in combination with CXCL9 most significantly repressed CT26 tumor growth. Overall, TNFSF9 and TNFSF18 exhibited stronger lymphocyte-stimulating and antitumor activities than TNFSF4. Our study provides evidence that antitumor effects of agonism of different costimulatory receptors may vary in different tumor types and presents a promising approach for targeted delivery of TNF superfamily costimulatory ligands to avoid the systemic toxicities and side effects associated with immune agonist antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Gui
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixue Wang
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Lou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vahid Yekehfallah
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Current address: Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Ma
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang B, Lu Q, Dai G, Zhou Y, Ye Q, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Enhancing mesenchymal stem cells cultivated on microcarriers in spinner flasks via impeller design optimization for aggregated suspensions. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:89. [PMID: 38647954 PMCID: PMC10992254 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in a stirred tank bioreactor, the formation of cell-microcarrier aggregates significantly affects cell proliferation and physiological activity, making it difficult to meet the quantity and quality requirements for in vitro research and clinical applications. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were used to investigate the effect of an impeller structure in a commercial spinner flask on flow field structure, aggregate formation, and cellular physiological activity. By designing a modified impeller, the aggregate size was reduced, which promoted cell proliferation and stemness maintenance. This study showed that increasing the stirring speed reduced the size of hUCMSC-microcarrier aggregates with the original impeller. However, it also inhibited cell proliferation, decreased activity, and led to spontaneous differentiation. Compared to low stirring speeds, high stirring speeds did not alter the radial flow characteristics and vortex distribution of the flow field, but did generate higher shear rates. The new impeller's design changed the flow field from radial to axial. The use of the novel impeller with an increased axial pumping rate (Qz) at a similar shear rate compared to the original impeller resulted in a 43.7% reduction in aggregate size, a 37.4% increase in cell density, and a better preservation of the expression of stemness markers (SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG). Increasing the Qz was a key factor in promoting aggregate suspension and size reduction. The results of this study have significant implications for the design of reactors, the optimisation of operating parameters, and the regulation of cellular physiological activity during MSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gance Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Drobiova H, Sindhu S, Ahmad R, Haddad D, Al-Mulla F, Al Madhoun A. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells: a concise review of their secretome and prospective clinical applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1211217. [PMID: 37440921 PMCID: PMC10333601 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1211217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that most primary Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) therapeutic potential is due to their paracrine activity, i.e., their ability to modulate their microenvironment by releasing bioactive molecules and factors collectively known as secretome. These bioactive molecules and factors can either be released directly into the surrounding microenvironment or can be embedded within the membrane-bound extracellular bioactive nano-sized (usually 30-150 nm) messenger particles or vesicles of endosomal origin with specific route of biogenesis, known as exosomes or carried by relatively larger particles (100 nm-1 μm) formed by outward blebbing of plasma membrane called microvesicles (MVs); exosomes and MVs are collectively known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). The bioactive molecules and factors found in secretome are of various types, including cytokines, chemokines, cytoskeletal proteins, integrins, growth factors, angiogenic mediators, hormones, metabolites, and regulatory nucleic acid molecules. As expected, the secretome performs different biological functions, such as immunomodulation, tissue replenishment, cellular homeostasis, besides possessing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. This review highlights the current advances in research on the WJ-MSCs' secretome and its prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Drobiova
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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Russo E, Corrao S, Di Gaudio F, Alberti G, Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Borlongan CV, La Rocca G. Facing the Challenges in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: From Standard Treatments to the Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a New Therapeutic Strategy. Cells 2023; 12:1664. [PMID: 37371134 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which counts more than 650 million cases and more than 6.6 million of deaths worldwide, affects the respiratory system with typical symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and fatigue. Other nonpulmonary manifestations are related with abnormal inflammatory response, the "cytokine storm", that could lead to a multiorgan disease and to death. Evolution of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 provided multiple options to prevent the infection, but the treatment of the severe forms remains difficult to manage. The cytokine storm is usually counteracted with standard medical care and anti-inflammatory drugs, but researchers moved forward their studies on new strategies based on cell therapy approaches. The perinatal tissues, such as placental membranes, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord derivatives, are enriched in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that exert a well-known anti-inflammatory role, immune response modulation, and tissue repair. In this review, we focused on umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) used in in vitro and in vivo studies in order to evaluate the weakening of the severe symptoms, and on recent clinical trials from different databases, supporting the favorable potential of UC-MSCs as therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per per i Trapianti e Terapie Ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giusi Alberti
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03649 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Research and Development Services, Pradlacka 18, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per per i Trapianti e Terapie Ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per per i Trapianti e Terapie Ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesario Venturina Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Panero AJ, Everts PA, Nakagawa H, Sussman W, Qin X. Basic Science of Allograft Orthobiologics. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2023; 34:49-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Deo D, Marchioni M, Rao P. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Organ Transplantation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040791. [PMID: 35456625 PMCID: PMC9029865 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is essential and crucial for saving and enhancing the lives of individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure. Major challenges in the medical field include the shortage of organ donors, high rates of organ rejection, and long wait times. To address the current limitations and shortcomings, cellular therapy approaches have been developed using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). MSC have been isolated from various sources, have the ability to differentiate to important cell lineages, have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, allow immunosuppressive drug minimization, and induce immune tolerance towards the transplanted organ. Additionally, rapid advances in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged that focus on either generating new organs and organ sources or maximizing the availability of existing organs. This review gives an overview of the various properties of MSC that have enabled its use as a cellular therapy for organ preservation and transplant. We also highlight emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine along with their multiple sub-disciplines, underlining recent advances, widespread clinical applications, and potential impact on the future of tissue and organ transplantation.
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells that are a part of many biological and pathological processes, especially in intercellular communication. These vesicles are involved cell signaling, influence tissue and immune response, and serve as biomarkers for diseases. Most interesting are the exosomes that are released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inflammation in joint diseases. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the advantages of using EVs rather than MSCs for cell free therapy. Research on exosomes have shown promising results as biomarkers for tracking the pathogenesis and prognosis of inflammatory arthritis. Therapeutically, animal studies have demonstrated immunosuppression, reversing inflammation, increasing chondrocyte proliferation, and drug delivery properties. The field of exosomes continues to develop and more basic science and clinical studies with safety and efficacy studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. Thomas Vangsness
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,C. Thomas Vangsness Jr., Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,
1520 San Pablo Street 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Rallapalli S, Guhathakurta S, Bishi DK, Subbarayan R, Mathapati S, Korrapati PS. A critical appraisal of humanized alternatives to fetal bovine serum for clinical applications of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2067-2083. [PMID: 34499291 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study is aimed to verify the possibility of using humanized alternatives to fetal bovine serum (FBS) such as umbilical cord blood plasma (CBP) and AB+ plasma to support the long-term growth of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from the umbilical cord. We hypothesized that umbilical CBP would be a potential substitute to FBS, especially for small scale autologous clinical transplantations. METHODS The MSCs were cultured for six consecutive passages to evaluate xeno-free media's ability to support long-term growth. Cell proliferation rates, colony-forming-unit (CFU) efficiency and population doublings of expanded MSCs, were investigated. Ex vivo expanded MSCs were further characterized using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. The impact of cryopreservation and composition of cryomedium on phenotype, viability of MSC was also assessed. RESULTS Our results on cell proliferation, colony-forming unit efficiency suggested that the expansion of the cells was successfully carried out in media supplemented with humanized alternatives. MSCs showed lower CFU counts in FBS (~ 25) than humanized alternatives (~ 35). The gene expression analysis revealed that transcripts showed significant differential expression by two to three folds in the FBS group compared with MSCs grown in medium with humanized alternatives (p < 0.05). In addition, MSCs grown in a medium with FBS had more osteogenic activity, a signature of unwanted differentiation. The majority of ex vivo expanded MSCs at early and late passages expressed CD44+, CD73+, CD105+, CD90+, and CD166+ in all the experimental groups tested (~ 90%). In contrast to the other MSC surface markers, expression levels of STRO-1+ (~ 21-10%) and TNAP+ (~ 29-11%) decreased with the increase in passage number for MSCs cultured in a FBS-supplemented medium (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results established that CBP supported culture of umbilical cord tissue-derived MSCs and is a safer Xeno free replacement to FBS. The use of CBP also enables the storage of umbilical cord tissue derived MSCs in patient-specific conditions to minimize adverse events if cells are delivered directly to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Rallapalli
- Biological Material Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | | | - Dillip Kumar Bishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Santosh Mathapati
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Purna Sai Korrapati
- Biological Material Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
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Li C, Mills Z, Zheng Z. Novel cell sources for bone regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:145-174. [PMID: 34766140 PMCID: PMC8491221 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of both acute and chronic conditions, including traumatic, degenerative, malignant, or congenital disorders, commonly induce bone disorders often associated with severe persisting pain and limited mobility. Over 1 million surgical procedures involving bone excision, bone grafting, and fracture repair are performed each year in the U.S. alone, resulting in immense levels of public health challenges and corresponding financial burdens. Unfortunately, the innate self-healing capacity of bone is often inadequate for larger defects over a critical size. Moreover, as direct transplantation of committed osteoblasts is hindered by deficient cell availability, limited cell spreading, and poor survivability, an urgent need for novel cell sources for bone regeneration is concurrent. Thanks to the development in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming technology, many multipotent and pluripotent cells that manifest promising osteogenic potential are considered the regenerative remedy for bone defects. Considering these cells' investigation is still in its relative infancy, each of them offers their own particular challenges that must be conquered before the large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zane Mills
- College of DentistryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061287. [PMID: 34067325 PMCID: PMC8224601 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint and its prevalence and severity is increasing owing to ageing of the population. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage and remodeling of the underlying bone. There is little understanding of the cellular and molecular processes involved in pathophysiology of OA. Currently the treatment for OA is limited to painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, which only treat the symptoms. Some patients may also undergo surgical procedures to replace the damaged joints. Extracellular vesicles (EV) play an important role in intercellular communications and their concentration is elevated in the joints of OA patients, although their mechanism is unclear. Extracellular vesicles are naturally released by cells and they carry their origin cell information to be delivered to target cells. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly proliferative and have a great potential in cartilage regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of the current OA treatments and their limitations. We also discuss the role of EV in OA pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EV in OA and their challenges.
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Xu Y, Lai Y, Cao L, Li Y, Chen G, Chen L, Weng H, Chen T, Wang L, Ye Y. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal microRNA-451a represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting ADAM10. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1408-1423. [PMID: 33206588 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1851540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) expressing microRNAs (miRNAs) have been highlighted in human cancers. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of hucMSCs-derived exosomal miR-451a on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains further investigation. Our study aims to explore the impact of exosomal miR-451a on the progression of HCC. Expression of miR-451a and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were determined. The exosomes were extracted from hucMSCs and co-cultured with Hep3B and SMMC-7721 cell lines. After the treatment of relative exosomes or exosome inhibitor GW4869 in Hep3B and SMMC-7721 cells, the paclitaxel resistance and malignant phenotypes of HCC cells were measured. Moreover, the effect of hucMSCs-derived exosomes on the expression of miR-451a and ADAM10 in HCC cells was assessed. The targeting relationship between miR-451a and ADAM10 was verified to detect the impact of ADAM10-wild type and ADAM10-mutant type (MUT) on HCC cell processes. Low expression of miR-451a and high expression of ADAM10 indicated a poor prognosis of HCC patients. MiR-451a was up-regulated while ADAM10 was down-regulated in HCC cells after co-culture with HucMSC-derived exosomes. The exosomes elevated miR-451a and inhibited ADAM10 to suppress the paclitaxel resistance, cell cycle transition, proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote apoptosis of HCC cells. ADAM10 was verified to be a target gene of miR-451a. ADAM10-MUT promoted HCC process independent of miR-451a mimic. HucMSC-derived exosomal miR-451a could restrict the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCC cells by targeting ADAM10, which might provide new targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiuxiu Xu
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqin Weng
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Dongguan people's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Ruiz-Garcia H, Alvarado-Estrada K, Krishnan S, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Trifiletti DM. Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Therapy Bioengineering in Glioma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558375. [PMID: 33365304 PMCID: PMC7750507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a dismal disease associated with poor survival and high morbidity. Current standard treatments have reached a therapeutic plateau even after combining maximal safe resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. In this setting, stem cells (SCs) have risen as a promising therapeutic armamentarium, given their intrinsic tumor homing as well as their natural or bioengineered antitumor properties. The interplay between stem cells and other therapeutic approaches such as nanoparticles holds the potential to synergize the advantages from the combined therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles represent a broad spectrum of synthetic and natural biomaterials that have been proven effective in expanding diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, either used alone or in combination with immune, genetic, or cellular therapies. Stem cells have been bioengineered using these biomaterials to enhance their natural properties as well as to act as their vehicle when anticancer nanoparticles need to be delivered into the tumor microenvironment in a very precise manner. Here, we describe the recent developments of this new paradigm in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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15
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Soder RP, Dawn B, Weiss ML, Dunavin N, Weir S, Mitchell J, Li M, Shune L, Singh AK, Ganguly S, Morrison M, Abdelhakim H, Godwin AK, Abhyankar S, McGuirk J. A Phase I Study to Evaluate Two Doses of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of De Novo High-Risk or Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft Versus Host Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:979-991. [PMID: 32740891 PMCID: PMC9289888 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of their well-described immunosuppressive properties, allogeneic adult human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow have demonstrated safety and efficacy in steroid refractory acute graft versus host disease (SR aGVHD). Clinical trials have resulted in variable success and an optimal source of MSC has yet to be defined. Based on the importance of maternal-fetal interface immune tolerance, extraembryonic fetal tissues, such as the umbilical cord, may provide an superior tissue source of MSC to mediate immunomodulation in aGVHD. METHODS A two-dose cohort trial allogeneic Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJMSC, referred to as MSCTC-0010, here) were tested in 10 patients with de novo high risk (HR) or SR aGVHD post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Following Good Manufacturing Practices isolation, expansion and cryostorage, WJMSC were thawed and administered via intravenous infusions on days 0 and 7 at one of two doses (low dose cohort, 2 × 106/kg, n = 5; high dose cohort, 10 × 106/kg, n = 5). To evaluate safety, patients were monitored for infusion related toxicity, Treatment Related Adverse Events (TRAE) til day 42, or ectopic tissue formation at day 90. Clinical responses were monitored at time points up to 180 days post infusion. Serum biomarkers ST2 and REG3α were acquired 1 day prior to first MSCTC-0010 infusion and on day 14. RESULTS Safety was indicated, e.g., no infusion-related toxicity, no development of TRAE, nor ectopic tissue formation in either low or high dose cohort was observed. Clinical response was suggested at day 28: the overall response rate (ORR) was 70%, 4 of 10 patients had a complete response (CR) and 3 had a partial response (PR). By study day 90, the addition of escalated immunosuppressive therapy was necessary in 2 of 9 surviving patients. Day 100 and 180 post infusion survival was 90% and 60%, respectively. Serum biomarker REG3α decreased, particularly in the high dose cohort, and with REG3α decrease correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of patients with de novo HR or SR aGVHD with low or high dose MSCTC-0010 was safe: the infusion was well-tolerated, and no TRAEs or ectopic tissue formation was observed. A clinical improvement was seen in about 70% patients, with 4 of 10 showing a complete response that may have been attributable to MSCTC-0010 infusions. These observations indicate safety of two different doses of MSCTC-0010, and suggest that the 10 × 106 cells/ kg dose be tested in an expanded randomized, controlled Phase 2 trial. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal P Soder
- Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Neil Dunavin
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Weir
- Institute for Advancing Medical Innovation Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Meizhang Li
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univeristy of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Leyla Shune
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Marc Morrison
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Haitham Abdelhakim
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univeristy of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Sunil Abhyankar
- Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Joseph McGuirk
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA.
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16
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis Identifies EphA2 as a Specific Cell Surface Marker for Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176437. [PMID: 32899389 PMCID: PMC7503404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are a valuable tool in stem cell research due to their high proliferation rate, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and immunotolerance properties. However, fibroblast impurity during WJ-MSCs isolation is unavoidable because of morphological similarities and shared surface markers. Here, a proteomic approach was employed to identify specific proteins differentially expressed by WJ-MSCs in comparison to those by neonatal foreskin and adult skin fibroblasts (NFFs and ASFs, respectively). Mass spectrometry analysis identified 454 proteins with a transmembrane domain. These proteins were then compared across the different cell-lines and categorized based on their cellular localizations, biological processes, and molecular functions. The expression patterns of a selected set of proteins were further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. As anticipated, most of the studied proteins had common expression patterns. However, EphA2, SLC25A4, and SOD2 were predominantly expressed by WJ-MSCs, while CDH2 and Talin2 were specific to NFFs and ASFs, respectively. Here, EphA2 was established as a potential surface-specific marker to distinguish WJ-MSCs from fibroblasts and for prospective use to prepare pure primary cultures of WJ-MSCs. Additionally, CDH2 could be used for a negative-selection isolation/depletion method to remove neonatal fibroblasts contaminating preparations of WJ-MSCs.
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17
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Cai J, Wu J, Wang J, Li Y, Hu X, Luo S, Xiang D. Extracellular vesicles derived from different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic effects and translational potential. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:69. [PMID: 32483483 PMCID: PMC7245623 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were known to have excellent properties in cell therapy. However, the risk of immune rejection associated with cell transplant therapy hampers its use. Extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs derived from different sources that contain therapeutic molecules such as RNA and proteins, which is a novel strategy for cell-free therapy. Recently, researches show EVs from MSCs (MSC-EVs) of different sources have special functions and effects on different diseases. Here, we collected these researches and compared them to each other. In addition, their potential and possible application in clinical treatment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jiemin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiongbin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Shifu Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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18
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Moreira F, Mizukami A, de Souza LEB, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Covas DT, Swiech K. Successful Use of Human AB Serum to Support the Expansion of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell in a Microcarrier-Based Platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:307. [PMID: 32373600 PMCID: PMC7184110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies and for the promotion of tissue repair, hence the increase of clinical trials in a worldwide scale. In particular, adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (AT MSC) present easy accessibility and a rather straightforward process of isolation, providing a clear advantage over other sources. The high demand of cell doses (millions of cells/kg), needed for infusion in clinical settings, requires a scalable and efficient manufacturing of AT MSC under xenogeneic(xeno)-free culture conditions. Here we describe the successful use of human AB serum [10%(v/v)] as a culture supplement, as well as coating substrate for the expansion of these cells in microcarriers using (i) a spinner flask and (ii) a 500-mL mini-bioreactor (ApplikonTM Biotechnology). Cells were characterized by immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. Upon an initial cell adhesion in the spinner flask of 35 ± 2.5%, culture reached a maximal cell density of 2.6 ± 0.1 × 105 at day 7, obtaining a 15 ± 1-fold increase. The implementation of the culture in the 500-mL mini-bioreactor presented an initial cell adhesion of 22 ± 5%, but it reached maximal cell density of 2.7 ± 0.4 × 105 at day 7, obtaining a 27 ± 8-fold increase. Importantly, in both stirred systems, cells retained their immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential (osteo-, chondro- and adipogenic lineages). Overall, the scalability of this microcarrier-based system presented herein is of major importance for the purpose of achieving clinically meaningful cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amanda Mizukami
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Petrenko Y, Vackova I, Kekulova K, Chudickova M, Koci Z, Turnovcova K, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Vodicka P, Kubinova S. A Comparative Analysis of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from Different Sources, with a Focus on Neuroregenerative Potential. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4290. [PMID: 32152403 PMCID: PMC7062771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be considered an accessible therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. Here, we compared the growth kinetics, immunophenotypic and immunomodulatory properties, gene expression and secretome profile of MSCs derived from human adult bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) cultured in clinically-relevant conditions, with the focus on the neuroregenerative potential. All the cell types were positive for CD10/CD29/CD44/CD73/CD90/CD105/HLA-ABC and negative for CD14/CD45/CD235a/CD271/HLA-DR/VEGFR2 markers, but they differed in the expression of CD34/CD133/CD146/SSEA-4/MSCA-1/CD271/HLA-DR markers. BM-MSCs displayed the highest immunomodulatory activity compared to AT- and WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, BM-MSCs secreted the lower content and had the lower gene expression of neurotrophic growth factors compared to other cell lines, which may be caused by the higher sensitivity of BM-MSCs to nutrient limitations. Despite the differences in growth factor secretion, the MSC secretome derived from all cell sources had a pronounced neurotrophic potential to stimulate the neurite outgrowth of DRG-neurons and reduce the cell death of neural stem/progenitor cells after H2O2 treatment. Overall, our study provides important information for the transfer of basic MSC research towards clinical-grade manufacturing and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Vackova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kekulova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Chudickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koci
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Eggenberger S, Boucard C, Schoeberlein A, Guzman R, Limacher A, Surbek D, Mueller M. Stem cell treatment and cerebral palsy: Systemic review and meta-analysis. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:891-903. [PMID: 31692977 PMCID: PMC6828595 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal complications may result in life-long morbidities, among which cerebral palsy (CP) is the most severe motor disability. Once developed, CP is a non-progressive disease with a prevalence of 1-2 per 1000 live births in developed countries. It demands an extensive and multidisciplinary care. Therefore, it is a challenge for our health system and a burden for patients and their families. Recently, stem cell therapy emerged as a promising treatment option and raised hope in patients and their families.
AIM The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell treatment in children with CP using a systematic review and meta-analysis
METHODS We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and EMBASE to find randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) investigating the effect of stem cell transplantation in children with CP. After the review, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis focusing on the change in gross motor function, which was quantified using the gross motor function measure. We calculated the pooled standardized mean differences of the 6- and/or 12-mo-outcome by the method of Cohen. We quantified the heterogeneity using the I-squared measure.
RESULTS We identified a total of 8 RCT for a qualitative review. From the initially selected trials, 5 met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Patients’ population ranged from 0.5 up to 35 years (n = 282). We detected a significant improvement in the gross motor function with a pooled standard mean difference of 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.13-1.76) favoring the stem cell group and a high heterogeneity (I2 = 90.1%). Serious adverse events were rare and equally distributed among both intervention and control groups.
CONCLUSION Stem cell therapy for CP compared with symptomatic standard care only, shows a significant positive effect on the gross motor function, although the magnitude of the improvement is limited. Short-term safety is present and further high-quality RCTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggenberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Céline Boucard
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | | | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
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21
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Sun B, Wang X, Pan Y, Jiao Y, Qi Y, Gong H, Jiang D. Antitumor effects of conditioned media of human fetal dermal mesenchymal stem cells on melanoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4033-4046. [PMID: 31239698 PMCID: PMC6554004 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of cutaneous tumor and has a high metastatic rate and motility capacity. Owing to the poor prognosis, it is urgent to seek an effective therapeutic regimen. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home to tumor cells and have been shown to play important roles in both promoting and inhibiting tumor development. Fetal dermal MSCs (FDMSCs), derived from fetal skin are a novel source of MSCs. Nevertheless, the antitumor capacity of FDMSCs on malignant melanoma is not clearly understood. Materials and methods: FDMSCs were extracted from the dorsal skin of fetal tissues. A375 melanoma cells lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The effects of conditioned media from FDMSCs (CM-FDMSC) on A375 melanoma cells were tested in vivo using tumor formation assay and in vitro using cell viability, 5-ethynyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine incorporation, flow cytometry, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), wound healing, transwell invasion, and Western blotting. Results: CM-FDMSC inhibited A375 tumor formation in vivo. In vitro, CM-FDMSC inhibited the tumor-related activities of A375 melanoma cells, as evidenced reductions in viability, migration, and invasion. CM-FDMSC-treated A375 cells showed decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and up-regulation of Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX) and down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) expression. Conclusion: CM-FDMSC can inhibit the tumor-forming behaviors of A375 melanoma cells and inhibit PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling to shift their BCL-2/BAX ratio toward a proapoptotic state. Identification of the bioactive components in CM-FDMSC will be important for translating these findings into novel therapies for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bencheng Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Jiao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Qi
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Gong
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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22
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Vaes JEG, Vink MA, de Theije CGM, Hoebeek FE, Benders MJNL, Nijboer CHA. The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31143126 PMCID: PMC6521595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological, and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploration of novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly sensitive to perinatal inflammation and cerebral oxygen fluctuations, leading to impaired OL differentiation and eventually myelination failure. OL lineage development under normal and pathological circumstances and the process of (re)myelination have been studied extensively over the years, often in the context of other adult and pediatric white matter pathologies such as stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Various studies have proposed stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to boost white matter regeneration as a potential strategy against a wide range of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss experimental studies focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to reduce white matter injury (WMI) in multiple adult and neonatal neurological diseases. What lessons have been learned from these previous studies and how can we translate this knowledge to application of MSCs for the injured white matter in the preterm infant? A perspective on the current state of stem cell therapy will be given and we will discuss different important considerations of MSCs including cellular sources, timing of treatment and administration routes. Furthermore, we reflect on optimization strategies that could potentially reinforce stem cell therapy, including preconditioning and genetic engineering of stem cells or using cell-free stem cell products, to optimize cell-based strategy for vulnerable preterm infants in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marit A Vink
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cora H A Nijboer
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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23
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Andrzejewska A, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost. Stem Cells 2019; 37:855-864. [PMID: 30977255 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It was shown as long as half a century ago that bone marrow is a source of not only hematopoietic stem cells, but also stem cells of mesenchymal tissues. Then the term "mesenchymal stem cells" (MSCs) was coined in the early 1990s, and more than a decade later, the criteria for defining MSCs have been released by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. The easy derivation from a variety of fetal and adult tissues and undemanding cell culture conditions made MSCs an attractive research object. It was followed by the avalanche of reports from preclinical studies on potentially therapeutic properties of MSCs, such as immunomodulation, trophic support and capability for a spontaneous differentiation into connective tissue cells, and differentiation into the majority of cell types upon specific inductive conditions. Although ontogenesis, niche, and heterogeneity of MSCs are still under investigation, there is a rapid boost of attempts at clinical applications of MSCs, especially for a flood of civilization-driven conditions in so quickly aging societies, not only in the developed countries, but also in the populous developing world. The fields of regenerative medicine and oncology are particularly extensively addressed by MSC applications, in part due to the paucity of traditional therapeutic options for these highly demanding and costly conditions. There are currently almost 1,000 clinical trials registered worldwide at ClinicalTrials.gov, and it seems that we are starting to witness the snowball effect with MSCs becoming a powerful global industry; however, the spectacular effects of MSCs in the clinic still need to be shown. Stem Cells 2019;37:855-864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Wang W, Han ZC. Heterogeneity of Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1123:165-177. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Tettelbach W, Cazzell S, Sigal F, Caporusso JM, Agnew PS, Hanft J, Dove C. A multicentre prospective randomised controlled comparative parallel study of dehydrated human umbilical cord (EpiCord) allograft for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J 2018; 16:122-130. [PMID: 30246926 PMCID: PMC7380046 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of dehydrated human umbilical cord allograft (EpiCord) compared with alginate wound dressings for the treatment of chronic, non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). A multicentre, randomised, controlled, clinical trial was conducted at 11 centres in the United States. Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes presenting with a 1 to 15 cm2 ulcer located below the ankle that had been persisting for at least 30 days were eligible for the 14‐day study run‐in phase. After 14 days of weekly debridement, moist wound therapy, and off‐loading, those with ≤30% wound area reduction post‐debridement (n = 155) were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive a weekly application of EpiCord (n = 101) or standardised therapy with alginate wound dressing, non‐adherent silicone dressing, absorbent non‐adhesive hydropolymer secondary dressing, and gauze bandage roll (n = 54). All wounds continued to have appropriate off‐loading during the treatment phase of the study. Study visits were conducted for 12 weeks. At each weekly visit, the DFU was cleaned and debrided as necessary, with the wound photographed pre‐ and post‐debridement and measured before the application of treatment group‐specific dressings. A follow‐up visit was performed at week 16. The primary study end point was the percentage of complete closure of the study ulcer within 12 weeks, as assessed by Silhouette camera. Data for randomised subjects meeting study inclusion criteria were included in an intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis. Additional analysis was conducted on a group of subjects (n = 134) who completed the study per protocol (PP) (EpiCord, n = 86, alginate, n = 48) and for those subjects receiving adequate debridement (EpiCord, n = 67, alginate, n = 40). ITT analysis showed that DFUs treated with EpiCord were more likely to heal within 12 weeks than those receiving alginate dressings, 71 of 101 (70%) vs 26 of 54 (48%) for EpiCord and alginate dressings, respectively, P = 0.0089. Healing rates at 12 weeks for subjects treated PP were 70 of 86 (81%) for EpiCord‐treated and 26 of 48 (54%) for alginate‐treated DFUs, P = 0.0013. For those DFUs that received adequate debridement (n = 107, ITT population), 64 of 67 (96%) of the EpiCord‐treated ulcers healed completely within 12 weeks, compared with 26 of 40 (65%) of adequately debrided alginate‐treated ulcers, P < 0.0001. Seventy‐five subjects experienced at least one adverse event, with a total of 160 adverse events recorded. There were no adverse events related to either EpiCord or alginate dressings. These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of EpiCord as a treatment for non‐healing DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tettelbach
- Wound Care & Hyperbaric Medicine Clinical Services, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shawn Cazzell
- Limb Preservation Platform, Inc., Fresno, California
| | - Felix Sigal
- Foot and Ankle Clinic, Los Angeles, California
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26
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Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8329174. [PMID: 30123294 PMCID: PMC6079340 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8329174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.
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Human peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells with NTRK1 over-expression enhance repairing capability in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1291-1299. [PMID: 29978273 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair and regeneration is mainly based on their ability to secret beneficial molecules. Administration of MSCs has been proposed as an innovative approach and is proved by a number of clinical trials to a certain degree for the therapy of many diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the efficacy of MSCs alone is not significant. We investigated the effect of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1) overexpressed peripheral blood MSCs (PB-MSCs) on PD rat model. NTRK1 was overexpressed in PB-MSCs, which were then injected into PD rat model, Dopaminergic (DA) neuron regeneration and rotational performance was assessed. We found that DA neuron repair was increased in lesion site, rotational performance was also improved in MSC transplanted PD rat, with most potent effect in NTRK1 overexpressed PB-MSC transplanted PD rat. Our results indicate that overexpression of NTRK1 in MSCs could be an optimized therapeutic way via MSCs for PD treatment.
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28
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Davies JE, Walker JT, Keating A. Concise Review: Wharton's Jelly: The Rich, but Enigmatic, Source of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1620-1630. [PMID: 28488282 PMCID: PMC5689772 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The umbilical cord has become an increasingly used source of mesenchymal stromal cells for preclinical and, more recently, clinical studies. Despite the increased activity, several aspects of this cell population have been under‐appreciated. Key issues are that consensus on the anatomical structures within the cord is lacking, and potentially different populations are identified as arising from a single source. To help address these points, we propose a histologically based nomenclature for cord structures and provide an analysis of their developmental origins and composition. Methods of cell isolation from Wharton's jelly are discussed and the immunophenotypic and clonal characteristics of the cells are evaluated. The perivascular origin of the cells is also addressed. Finally, clinical trials with umbilical cord cells are briefly reviewed. Interpreting the outcomes of the many clinical studies that have been undertaken with mesenchymal stromal cells from different tissue sources has been challenging, for many reasons. It is, therefore, particularly important that as umbilical cord cells are increasingly deployed therapeutically, we strive to better understand the derivation and functional characteristics of the cells from this important tissue source. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1620–1630
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John T Walker
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cell Therapy Program, Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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29
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Liu L, Liu H, Chen M, Ren S, Cheng P, Zhang H. miR-301b~miR-130b-PPARγ axis underlies the adipogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1160. [PMID: 28442776 PMCID: PMC5430834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in regenerative medicine and cellular therapy due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function. The applicability of MSCs also depends on their cellular sources and in vivo functions. Here in this study, we systematically compared the morphologic characteristics, immunophenotypes and the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord (UC), adipose tissue (Ad) and bone marrow (BM). We found that the three tissues-derived MSCs displayed decreased adipogenic capacity in the order: Ad-MSC > BM-MSC > UC-MSC, and no morphologic and immunophenotypic differences were observed. Mechanistic investigation revealed a miR-301b~miR-130b-PPARγ axis, whose expression pattern in UC-MSC, Ad-MSC and BM-MSC significantly correlates with their adipogenic capacity. Our results come up with a potential mechanism to elucidate the differential adipogenesis of Ad-MSC, BM-MSC and UC-MSC, which would provide instructional advice for which source of MSCs to choose according to a certain clinical purpose. Furthermore, the miR-301b~miR-130b-PPARγ axis may also be used as a potential therapeutic target for the disorders associated with MSCs-mediated abnormal adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingtai Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Saisai Ren
- Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Panpan Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong Province, China.
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30
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Amati E, Sella S, Perbellini O, Alghisi A, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Lievore C, Peserico D, Rigno M, Zilio A, Ruggeri M, Rodeghiero F, Astori G. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from cord blood: evaluation of in vitro quality parameters prior to clinical use. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:14. [PMID: 28115021 PMCID: PMC5260040 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as advanced therapy medicinal products because of their immunomodulatory properties and supportive role in hematopoiesis. Although bone marrow remains the most common source for obtaining off-the-shelf MSC, cord blood (CB) represents an alternative source, which can be collected noninvasively and without major ethical concerns. However, the low estimated frequency and inconsistency of successful isolation represent open challenges for the use of CB-derived MSC in clinical trials. This study explores whether CB may represent a suitable source of MSC for clinical use and analyzes several in vitro parameters useful to better define the quality of CB-derived MSC prior to clinical application. METHODS CB units (n = 50) selected according to quality criteria (CB volume ≥ 20 ml, time from collection ≤ 24 h) were cultured using a standardized procedure for CB-MSC generation. MSC were analyzed for their growth potential and secondary colony-forming capacity. Immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential of culture-expanded CB-MSC were assessed to verify MSC identity. The immunomodulatory activity at resting conditions and after inflammatory priming (IFN-γ-1b and TNF-α for 48 hours) was explored to assess the in vitro potency of CB-MSC prior to clinical application. Molecular karyotyping was used to assess the genetic stability after prolonged MSC expansion. RESULTS We were able to isolate MSC colonies from 44% of the processed units. Our results do not support a role of CB volume in determining the outcome of the cultures, in terms of both isolation and proliferative capacity of CB-MSC. Particularly, we have confirmed the existence of two different CB-MSC populations named short- and long-living (SL- and LL-) CBMSC, clearly diverging in their growth capacity and secondary colony-forming efficiency. Only LL-CBMSC were able to expand consistently and to survive for longer periods in vitro, while preserving genetic stability. Therefore, they may represent interesting candidates for therapeutic applications. We have also observed that LL-CBMSC were not equally immunosuppressive, particularly after inflammatory priming and despite upregulating priming-inducible markers. CONCLUSIONS This work supports the use of CB as a potential MSC source for clinical applications, remaining more readily available compared to conventional sources. We have provided evidence that not all LL-CBMSC are equally immunosuppressive in an inflammatory environment, suggesting the need to include the assessment of potency among the release criteria for each CB-MSC batch intended for clinical use, at least for the treatment of immune disorders as GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Lievore
- Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Denise Peserico
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Manuela Rigno
- Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anna Zilio
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
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31
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Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Instruct Monocytes Towards an IL10-producing Phenotype by Secreting IL6 and HGF. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37566. [PMID: 27917866 PMCID: PMC5137158 DOI: 10.1038/srep37566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human UC-MSCs are regarded as an attractive alternative to BM-MSCs for clinical applications due to their easy preparation, higher proliferation and lower immunogenicity. However, the mechanisms underlying immune suppression by UC-MSCs are still unclear. We studied the mechanism of inhibition by UC-MSCs during the differentiation of monocytes into DCs and focused on the specific source and the role of the involved cytokines. We found that UC-MSCs suppressed monocyte differentiation into DCs and instructed monocytes towards other cell types, with clear decreases in the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, in the secretion of inflammatory factors and in allostimulatory capacity. IL6, HGF and IL10 might be involved in this process because they were detected at higher levels in a coculture system. UC-MSCs produce IL-6 and HGF, and neutralization of IL-6 and HGF reversed the suppressive effect of UC-MSCs. IL10 was not produced by UC-MSCs but was exclusively produced by monocytes after exposure to UC-MSCs, IL-6 or HGF. In summary, we found that the UC-MSC-mediated inhibitory effect was dependent on IL6 and HGF secreted by UC-MSCs and that this effect induced monocyte-derived cells to produce IL10, which might indirectly strengthen the suppressive effect of UC-MSCs.
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32
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Fong CY, Biswas A, Stunkel W, Chong YS, Bongso A. Tissues Derived From Reprogrammed Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells of the Umbilical Cord Provide an Ideal Platform to Study the Effects of Glucose, Zika Virus, and Other Agents on the Fetus. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:437-441. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Walter Stunkel
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences; Singapore Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences; Singapore Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University Health System; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
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33
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de Soure AM, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Moreira F, Lilaia C, Liu SH, Ku CP, Huang YF, Milligan W, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL. Integrated culture platform based on a human platelet lysate supplement for the isolation and scalable manufacturing of umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:1630-1640. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- António M. de Soure
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Francisco Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Carla Lilaia
- Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Shi-Hwei Liu
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd.; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Chen-Peng Ku
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd.; New Taipei City Taiwan
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Yi-Feng Huang
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd.; New Taipei City Taiwan
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd; Atlanta GA USA
| | - William Milligan
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd.; New Taipei City Taiwan
- R&D, AventaCell BioMedical Co., Ltd; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
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34
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Yang Y, Shen ZY, Wu B, Yin ML, Zhang BY, Song HL. Mesenchymal stem cells improve the outcomes of liver recipients via regulating CD4+ T helper cytokines in rats. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:257-65. [PMID: 27298101 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exert immunosuppressive activities in transplantation. This study aimed to determine whether BMMSCs reduce acute rejection and improve outcomes of liver transplantation in rats. METHODS Orthotopic liver transplantation from Lewis to Brown Norway rats was performed, which was followed by the infusion of BMMSCs through the penile superficial dorsal vein. Normal saline infusion was used as a control. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 24, 72, or 168 hours after BMMSCs infusion. Liver grafts, and recipient serum and spleen tissues were obtained. Histopathology, apoptosis, serum liver enzymes, serum cytokines, and circulating regulatory T (Treg), Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells were assessed at each time point. RESULTS BMMSCs significantly attenuated acute rejection and improved the survival rate of allogeneic liver transplantation recipients. Liver enzymes and liver apoptosis were significantly alleviated. The levels of the Th1/Th2 ratio-associated cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma were significantly reduced and IL-10 was significantly increased. The levels of the Th17/Tregs axis-associated cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced, whereas TGF-beta concentration was significantly increased. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that the infusion of BMMSCs significantly increased Th2 and Treg cells and decreased Th1 and Th17 cells. CONCLUSION BMMSCs had immunomodulatory effects, attenuated acute rejection and improved outcomes of allogeneic liver transplantation in rats by regulating the levels of cytokines associated with Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Current View on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Placental Tissues. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:570-85. [PMID: 25381565 PMCID: PMC4493719 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human term placental tissues possess unique characteristics, including their peculiar immunomodulatory properties and their multilineage differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of placental MSC has been widely disputed, and continues to be an issue of debate. This review will briefly discuss the different MSC populations which can be obtained from different regions of human term placenta, along with their unique properties, focusing specifically on their osteogenic differentiation potential. We will present the strategies used to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, such as through the selection of subpopulations more prone to differentiate, the modification of the components of osteo-inductive medium, and even mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, the applications of three-dimensional environments in vitro and in vivo, such as non-synthetic, polymer-based, and ceramic scaffolds, will also be discussed, along with results obtained from pre-clinical studies of placental MSC for the regeneration of bone defects and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Pan F, Zhao X, Zhang H, Lei M, Liu T, Lu JR. Synergistic effect of bioactive lipid and condition medium on cardiac differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:163-72. [PMID: 26990081 PMCID: PMC5031220 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, making them promising therapeutic candidates for treating damaged cardiac tissues. Currently, however, the differentiated cells induced from hUCMSCs or hATMSCs can hardly display functional characteristics similar to cardiomyocytes. In this study, we have investigated the effects of bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on cardiac differentiations of hUCMSCs and hATMSCs in condition medium composed of cardiac myocytes culture medium or 5-azacytidine. Cardiac differentiations were identified through immunofluorescence staining, and the results were observed with fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Synergistic effects of S1P and condition medium on cell viability were evaluated by MTT assays. Functional characteristics similar to cardiomyocytes were evaluated through detecting calcium transient. The differentiated hUCMSCs or hATMSCs in each group into cardiomyocytes showed positive expressions of cardiac specific proteins, including α-actin, connexin-43 and myosin heavy chain-6 (MYH-6). MTT assays showed that suitable differentiation time was 14 days and that the optimal concentration of S1P was 0.5 μM. Moreover, incorporation of S1P and cardiac myocytes culture medium gave rise to calcium transients, an important marker for displaying in vivo electrophysiological properties. This feature was not observed in the S1P-5-azacytidine group, indicating the possible lack of cellular stimuli such as transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Medicine Research Groups, School of BiomedicineUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldMappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JDUK
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ming Lei
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Medicine Research Groups, School of BiomedicineUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Comparison of capacities to maintain hematopoietic stem cells among different types of stem cells derived from the placenta and umbilical cord. Regen Ther 2016; 4:48-61. [PMID: 31245487 PMCID: PMC6581804 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cord blood is utilized as a useful source of cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but this can be problematic because there is a high rate of graft failure compared to when other graft sources are used. A previous study successfully avoided graft failure by simultaneously grafting cord blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are considered to function in the hematopoietic stem cell niche of the bone marrow. Organs of the fetal life support system such as the placenta and umbilical cord, which are discarded after delivery, contain an abundance of MSCs as well as cells that function in the hematopoietic stem cell niche. By identifying and collecting such cells and subsequently co-transplanting them with cord blood, an improvement in graft survival can be anticipated. Methods Three types of stem cells, amnion epithelial stem cells (AM-Epi), amnion mesenchymal stem cells (AM-Mes), and Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSCs, all of which can be isolated and cultured from the placenta amnion or umbilical cord WJ, were investigated for the expression of hematopoietic stem cell niche markers and for their capabilities to maintain hematopoietic stem cells when co-cultured with cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Results All types of isolated cells showed profiles that met the MSC minimal criteria according to surface marker analysis. In addition, all cell types expressed the hematopoietic stem cell niche marker stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) (in order: AM-Epi > WJ-MSCs ≫ AM-Mes), although the expression declined with further passaging. After 5 days of co-culturing with cord blood CD34+ cells, the percentages of CD34+, CD45− cells were: AM-Epi 37.8%, AM-Mes 38.8%, WJ-MSCs 27.3%, and fibroblasts 27.4%; and the number of CFU-GM colonies were: AM-Epi 255.5 ± 21.6, AM-Mes 246.3 ± 28.5, WJ-MSCs 118.3 ± 11.8, fibroblasts 147.8 ± 19.0, and NC 121.3 ± 6.5. Statistical analyses demonstrated that AM-Epi and AM-Mes produced significantly greater numbers of CFU-GM compared to WJ-MSC, fibroblasts, or NC (p < 0.05). Conclusions These findings indicated that cells derived from the fetal life support system such as AM-Epi and AM-Mes can be anticipated as potential cell sources for clinical application in cell therapies for the purpose of enhancing graft survival during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Three types of stem cells were isolated from human placenta and umbilical cord. All types of isolated cells showed the same surface marker profiles of the MSC. Amnion epithelial stem cells showed capacities to maintain hematopoietic stem cells.
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Standardizing Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Translation to Clinical Use: Selection of GMP-Compliant Medium and a Simplified Isolation Method. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6810980. [PMID: 26966439 PMCID: PMC4757747 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6810980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) are a focus for clinical translation but standardized methods for isolation and expansion are lacking. Previously we published isolation and expansion methods for UC-MSCs which presented challenges when considering good manufacturing practices (GMP) for clinical translation. Here, a new and more standardized method for isolation and expansion of UC-MSCs is described. The new method eliminates dissection of blood vessels and uses a closed-vessel dissociation following enzymatic digestion which reduces contamination risk and manipulation time. The new method produced >10 times more cells per cm of UC than our previous method. When biographical variables were compared, more UC-MSCs per gram were isolated after vaginal birth compared to Caesarian-section births, an unexpected result. UC-MSCs were expanded in medium enriched with 2%, 5%, or 10% pooled human platelet lysate (HPL) eliminating the xenogeneic serum components. When the HPL concentrations were compared, media supplemented with 10% HPL had the highest growth rate, smallest cells, and the most viable cells at passage. UC-MSCs grown in 10% HPL had surface marker expression typical of MSCs, high colony forming efficiency, and could undergo trilineage differentiation. The new protocol standardizes manufacturing of UC-MSCs and enables clinical translation.
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Castro-Silva II, Castro LDO, Machado JJDS, Nicola MHA, Granjeiro JM. Isolation of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells: a promising candidate for cell-based therapy for bone repair. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 9:449-55. [PMID: 26761244 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082011ao2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of human umbilical cord blood-derived osteoprogenitor cells and to prove its applicability as a promising candidate for cell-based therapeutics for bone repair. METHODS Primary cultures of human umbilical blood cord adherent cells were expanded in vitro until passage 2 and seeded for osteodifferentiation study. Morphological (light microscopy), cytochemical (Von Kossa's method), and functional analyses (calcium level, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein content in cell culture) were carried out 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the osteoinduction protocol. RESULTS The proliferative step showed colony-forming units in 7 days. After osteoinduction, cuboidal cellular morphology similar to osteoblasts at 14 days and mineralization nodules and biochemical changes (increased alkaline phosphatase level and calcium deposits) at 21 days confirmed the osteodifferentiation process. CONCLUSION Cell culture of human umbilical blood cord is a reliable technique, constituting itself as an alternative source of osteoprogenitor cells for experimental needs. More animal tests and clinical trials must be carried out to validate its use and to establish quality control of future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapy aimed at bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Iuco Castro-Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, BR
| | | | | | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Padronização e Qualidade Industrial - DIPRO-INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, BR
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Van Pham P, Tran NY, Phan NLC, Vu NB, Phan NK. Vitamin C stimulates human gingival stem cell proliferation and expression of pluripotent markers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:218-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Klontzas ME, Kenanidis EI, Heliotis M, Tsiridis E, Mantalaris A. Bone and cartilage regeneration with the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1541-52. [PMID: 26176327 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1068755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The production of functional alternatives to bone autografts and the development new treatment strategies for cartilage defects are great challenges that could be addressed by the field of tissue engineering. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to produce cost-effective, atraumatic and possibly autologous bone and cartilage grafts. AREAS COVERED MSCs can be isolated from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, perivascular tissue and blood using various techniques. Those cells have been characterized and phenotypic similarities with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and embryonic stem cells have been found. Findings on their differentiation into the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage differ between studies and are not as consistent as for BM-MSCs. EXPERT OPINION MSCs from umbilical cords have to be more extensively studied and the mechanisms underlying their differentiation have to be clarified. To date, they seem to be an attractive alternative to BM-MSCs. However, further research with suitable scaffolds and growth factors as well as with novel scaffold fabrication and culture technology should be conducted before they are introduced to clinical practice and replace BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail E Klontzas
- a 1 Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology , South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Eustathios I Kenanidis
- b 2 Aristotle University Medical School, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , University Campus 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,c 3 Aristotle University Medical School, "PapaGeorgiou" General Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- b 2 Aristotle University Medical School, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , University Campus 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.,e 5 Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Surgery , B-block, Hammersmith, Du-Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- f 6 Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering , South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Cells as Therapeutic Agents. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:150609. [PMID: 26246808 PMCID: PMC4515303 DOI: 10.1155/2015/150609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the characteristics of SC, including UC-derived cells, are a dramatically discussed issue, this review will focus particularly on some controversial issues regarding clinical utility of cells isolated from UC tissue. UC-derived cells have several advantages compared to other types and sources of stem cells. The impact of UC topography on cell characteristics is briefly discussed. The necessity to adapt existing methods of cell isolation and culturing to GMP conditions is mentioned, as well as possible cryopreservation of this material. Light is shed on some future perspectives for UC-derived cells.
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McGuirk JP, Smith JR, Divine CL, Zuniga M, Weiss ML. Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Promising Cellular Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Graft-versus-Host Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:196-220. [PMID: 25894816 PMCID: PMC4491656 DOI: 10.3390/ph8020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), a treatment option in hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes, is frequently complicated by Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The primary treatment for GVHD involves immune suppression by glucocorticoids. However, patients are often refractory to the steroid therapy, and this results in a poor prognosis. Therefore alternative therapies are needed to treat GVHD. Here, we review data supporting the clinical investigation of a novel cellular therapy using Wharton’s jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a potentially safe and effective therapeutic strategy in the management of GVHD. Adult-derived sources of MSCs have demonstrated signals of efficacy in the management of GVHD. However, there are limitations, including: limited proliferation capacity; heterogeneity of cell sources; lengthy expansion time to clinical dose; expansion failure in vitro; and a painful, invasive, isolation procedure for the donor. Therefore, alternative MSC sources for cellular therapy are sought. The reviewed data suggests MSCs derived from WJ may be a safe and effective cellular therapy for GVHD. Laboratories investigated and defined the immune properties of WJ-MSCs for potential use in cellular therapy. These cells represent a more uniform cell population than bone marrow-derived MSCs, displaying robust immunosuppressive properties and lacking significant immunogenicity. They can be collected safely and painlessly from individuals at birth, rapidly expanded and stored cryogenically for later clinical use. Additionally, data we reviewed suggested licensing MSCs (activating MSCs by exposure to cytokines) to enhance effectiveness in treating GVHD. Therefore, WJCs should be tested as a second generation, relatively homogeneous allogeneic cell therapy for the treatment of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P McGuirk
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Pkwy., Suite 210 Mailstop 5003, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.
| | - J Robert Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, 1600 Denison Ave., Coles Hall 228, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802, USA.
| | - Clint L Divine
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Pkwy., Suite 210 Mailstop 5003, Westwood, KS 66205, USA
| | - Micheal Zuniga
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, 1600 Denison Ave., Coles Hall 228, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802, USA.
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, 1600 Denison Ave., Coles Hall 228, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802, USA.
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Ali H, Al-Yatama MK, Abu-Farha M, Behbehani K, Al Madhoun A. Multi-lineage differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells mediates changes in the expression profile of stemness markers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122465. [PMID: 25848763 PMCID: PMC4388513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton's Jelly- derived Mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have gained interest as an alternative source of stem cells for regenerative medicine because of their potential for self-renewal, differentiation and unique immunomodulatory properties. Although many studies have characterized various WJ-MSCs biologically, the expression profiles of the commonly used stemness markers have not yet been addressed. In this study, WJ-MSCs were isolated and characterized for stemness and surface markers expression. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analysis revealed predominant expression of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166 in WJ-MSCs, while the hematopoietic and endothelial markers were absent. Differential expression of CD 29, CD90, CD105 and CD166 following adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic induction was observed. Furthermore, our results demonstrated a reduction in CD44 and CD73 expressions in response to the tri-lineage differentiation induction, suggesting that they can be used as reliable stemness markers, since their expression was associated with undifferentiated WJ-MSCs only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Department of Basic Science Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (MLS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Kazem Behbehani
- Department of Basic Science Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Basic Science Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
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Wang X, Wu H, Xue G, Hou Y. Progesterone promotes neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in culture conditions that mimic the brain microenvironment. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1925-30. [PMID: 25624820 PMCID: PMC4298884 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.25.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from full-term neonates born by vaginal delivery were cultured in medium containing 150 mg/mL of brain tissue extracts from Sprague-Dawley rats (to mimic the brain microenvironment). Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that the cells differentiated into neuron-like cells. To evaluate the effects of progesterone as a neurosteroid on the neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, we cultured the cells in medium containing progesterone (0.1, 1, 10 μM) in addition to brain tissue extracts. Reverse transcription-PCR and flow cytometric analysis of neuron specific enolase-positive cells revealed that the percentages of these cells increased significantly following progesterone treatment, with the optimal progesterone concentration for neuron-like differentiation being 1 μM. These results suggest that progesterone can enhance the neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in culture medium containing brain tissue extracts to mimic the brain microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianying Wang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China ; The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gai Xue
- Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanning Hou
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China ; Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China
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Lv FJ, Tuan RS, Cheung KMC, Leung VYL. Concise review: the surface markers and identity of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1408-19. [PMID: 24578244 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The concept of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is becoming increasingly obscure due to the recent findings of heterogeneous populations with different levels of stemness within MSCs isolated by traditional plastic adherence. MSCs were originally identified in bone marrow and later detected in many other tissues. Currently, no cloning based on single surface marker is capable of isolating cells that satisfy the minimal criteria of MSCs from various tissue environments. Markers that associate with the stemness of MSCs await to be elucidated. A number of candidate MSC surface markers or markers possibly related to their stemness have been brought forward so far, including Stro-1, SSEA-4, CD271, and CD146, yet there is a large difference in their expression in various sources of MSCs. The exact identity of MSCs in vivo is not yet clear, although reports have suggested they may have a fibroblastic or pericytic origin. In this review, we revisit the reported expression of surface molecules in MSCs from various sources, aiming to assess their potential as MSC markers and define the critical panel for future investigation. We also discuss the relationship of MSCs to fibroblasts and pericytes in an attempt to shed light on their identity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Juan Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Hind Limb Ischemia Treatment in Mouse Models. Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6542-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Briquet A, Grégoire C, Comblain F, Servais L, Zeddou M, Lechanteur C, Beguin Y. RETRACTED: Human bone marrow, umbilical cord or liver mesenchymal stromal cells fail to improve liver function in a model of CCl4-induced liver damage in NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ(null) mice. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1511-1518. [PMID: 25174737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
This article has been removed at the request of the Editor in Chief.
This retraction comes after a thorough investigation of the scientific research presented in the article, along with an investigation into the authorship of the article and the ownership of the data presented. The Editor in Chief's decision to retract the article is based upon the authors' misuse and misrepresentation of a peer's scientific data without consent or approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Briquet
- Giga-I³, Hematology Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Céline Grégoire
- Giga-I³, Hematology Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Fanny Comblain
- Giga-I³, Hematology Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurence Servais
- Giga-I³, Hematology Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Zeddou
- Giga-I³, Hematology Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Hematology, CHU University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium of Liege; Giga-I³, Hematology Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Zeddou M, Relic B, Malaise MG. Umbilical cord fibroblasts: Could they be considered as mesenchymal stem cells? World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:367-370. [PMID: 25126385 PMCID: PMC4131277 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cell therapy protocols, many tissues were proposed as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolation. So far, bone marrow (BM) has been presented as the main source of MSC despite the invasive isolation procedure related to this source. During the last years, the umbilical cord (UC) matrix was cited in different studies as a reliable source from which long term ex vivo proliferating fibroblasts were isolated but with contradictory data about their immunophenotype, gene expression profile, and differentiation potential. Hence, an interesting question emerged: Are cells isolated from cord matrix (UC-MSC) different from other MSCs? In this review, we will summarize different studies that isolated and characterized UC-MSC. Considering BM-MSC as gold standard, we will discuss if UC-MSC fulfill different criteria that define MSC, and what remain to be done in this issue.
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Saben J, Thakali KM, Lindsey FE, Zhong Y, Badger TM, Andres A, Shankar K. Distinct adipogenic differentiation phenotypes of human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells dependent on adipogenic conditions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1340-51. [PMID: 24951473 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214539225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The umbilical cord (UC) matrix is a source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have adipogenic potential and thus can be a model to study adipogenesis. However, existing variability in adipocytic differentiation outcomes may be due to discrepancies in methods utilized for adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, functional characterization of UCMSCs as adipocytes has not been described. We tested the potential of three well-established adipogenic cocktails containing IBMX, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI) plus indomethacin (MDI-I) or rosiglitazone (MDI-R) to stimulate adipocyte differentiation in UCMSCs. MDI, MDI-I, and MDI-R treatment significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) mRNA and induced lipid droplet formation. However, MDI-I had the greatest impact on mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, GPD1, PLIN1, PLIN2, and ADIPOQ and lipid accumulation, whereas MDI showed the least. Interestingly, there were no treatment group differences in the amount of PPARγ protein. However, MDI-I treated cells had significantly more C/EBPα protein compared to MDI or MDI-R, suggesting that indomethacin-dependent increased C/EBPα may contribute to the adipogenesis-inducing potency of MDI-I. Additionally, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) treatment of UCMSCs did not enhance responsiveness to MDI-induced differentiation. Finally to characterize adipocyte function, differentiated UCMSCs were stimulated with insulin and downstream signaling was assessed. Differentiated UCMSCs were responsive to insulin at two weeks but showed decreased sensitivity by five weeks following differentiation, suggesting that long-term differentiation may induce insulin resistance. Together, these data indicate that UCMSCs undergo adipogenesis when differentiated in MDI, MDI-I, and MDI-R, however the presence of indomethacin greatly enhances their adipogenic potential beyond that of rosiglitazone. Furthermore, our results suggest that insulin signaling pathways of differentiated UCMSCs are functionally similar to adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saben
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Forrest E Lindsey
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Ying Zhong
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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