1
|
Yang HQ, Li ZW, Dong XX, Zhang JX, Shan J, Wang MJ, Yang J, Li MH, Wang J, Zhao HM. Vinpocetine alleviates the abdominal aortic aneurysm progression via VSMCs SIRT1-p21 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01358-w. [PMID: 39179867 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease that caused mortality in people aged >65. Senescence plays a critical role in AAA pathogenesis. Advances in AAA repair techniques have occurred, but a remaining priority is therapies to limit AAA growth and rupture. Our Previous study found cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) exacerbate AAA through aggravate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) senescence by downregulating Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) expression and activity. Vinpocetine as a selective inhibitor of PDE1 and a clinical medication for cerebral vasodilation, it is unclear whether vinpocetine can rely on SIRT1 to alleviate AAA. This study showed that pre-treatment with vinpocetine remarkably prevented aneurysmal dilation and reduced aortic rupture in elastase-induced AAA mice. In addition, the elastin degradation, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity, macrophage infiltration, ROS production, collagen fibers remodeling, and VSMCs senescence were decreased in AAA treated with vinpocetine. While these effects were unable to exert in VSMCs-specific SIRT1 knockout AAA mice. Accordingly, we revealed that vinpocetine suppressed migration, proliferation, and senescence in VSMCs. Moreover, vinpocetine reduced SIRT1 degradation by inhibiting lysosome-mediated autophagy. In conclusion, this study indicated that vinpocetine may be as a potential drug for therapy AAA through alleviate VSMCs senescence via the SIRT1-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qin Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xi-Xi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Min-Jie Wang
- Medical Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chilechuan dairy economic development zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao W, Li B, Hao J, Sun R, He P, Lv H, He M, Shen J, Han Y. Therapeutic potential of natural products and underlying targets for the treatment of aortic aneurysm. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108652. [PMID: 38657777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease characterized by irreversible vasodilatation that can lead to dissection and rupture of the aortic aneurysm, a life-threatening condition. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are two main types. The typical treatments for aortic aneurysms are open surgery and endovascular aortic repair, which are only indicated for more severe patients. Most patients with aneurysms have an insidious onset and slow progression, and there are no effective drugs to treat this stage. The inability of current animal models to perfectly simulate all the pathophysiological states of human aneurysms may be the key to this issue. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this disease, finding new therapeutic targets, and developing effective drugs to inhibit the development of aneurysms are the main issues of current research. Natural products have been applied for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China and other Asian countries. In recent years, natural products have combined multi-omics, computational biology, and integrated pharmacology to accurately analyze drug components and targets. Therefore, the multi-component and multi-target complexity of natural products have made them a potentially ideal treatment for multifactorial diseases such as aortic aneurysms. Natural products have regained popularity worldwide. This review provides an overview of the known natural products for the treatment of TAA and AAA and searches for potential cardiovascular-targeted natural products that may treat TAA and AAA based on various cellular molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bufan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinjun Hao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruochen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongyu Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mou He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shu T, Zhou Y, Yan C. The perspective of cAMP/cGMP signaling and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in aortic aneurysm and dissection. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107278. [PMID: 38262506 PMCID: PMC10939884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) and dissection (AD) are aortic diseases caused primarily by medial layer degeneration and perivascular inflammation. They are lethal when the rupture happens. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of medial degeneration, characterized by SMC loss and elastin fiber degradation. Many molecular pathways, including cyclic nucleotide signaling, have been reported in regulating vascular SMC functions, matrix remodeling, and vascular structure integrity. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are second messengers that mediate intracellular signaling transduction through activating effectors, such as protein kinase A (PKA) and PKG, respectively. cAMP and cGMP are synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC) and guanylyl cyclase (GC), respectively, and degraded by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). In this review, we will discuss the roles and mechanisms of cAMP/cGMP signaling and PDEs in AA/AD formation and progression and the potential of PDE inhibitors in AA/AD, whether they are beneficial or detrimental. We also performed database analysis and summarized the results showing PDEs with significant expression changes under AA/AD, which should provide rationales for future research on PDEs in AA/AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College, MD Program, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, New York, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Petric Z, Paixão P, Filipe A, Guimarães Morais J. Clinical Pharmacology of Vinpocetine: Properties Revisited and Introduction of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Its Metabolite, Apovincaminic Acid (AVA). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2502. [PMID: 37896263 PMCID: PMC10610279 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the use of vinpocetine in the context of clinical pharmacology. The main and active metabolite of vinpocetine is apovincaminic acid (AVA). Due to the scarce information in the literature on AVA pharmacokinetics, we propose a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for AVA based on a study in healthy volunteers with three different formulations of vinpocetine. The suggested PopPK model (and simulations) could be helpful in ensuring the more effective and safer use of the vinpocetine in the future given the increasing range of suggested indications for its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Petric
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Augusto Filipe
- Medical Department, Tecnimede, Sociedade Técnico-Medicinal, S.A., Zona Industrial da Abrunheira, Rua da Tapada Grande, No. 2 Abrunheira, 2710-089 Sintra, Portugal
| | - José Guimarães Morais
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hsu CG, Li W, Sowden M, Chávez CL, Berk BC. Pnpt1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by MAVS and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:131-142. [PMID: 36596874 PMCID: PMC9886977 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (Pnpt1) plays critical roles in mitochondrial homeostasis by controlling mitochondrial RNA (mt-RNA) processing, trafficking and degradation. Pnpt1 deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction that triggers a type I interferon response, suggesting a role in inflammation. However, the role of Pnpt1 in inflammasome activation remains largely unknown. In this study, we generated myeloid-specific Pnpt1-knockout mice and demonstrated that Pnpt1 depletion enhanced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) secretion in a mouse sepsis model. Using cultured peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages, we demonstrated that Pnpt1 regulated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by nigericin, ATP or poly (I:C) treatment. Pnpt1 deficiency in macrophages increased glycolysis after LPS administration and mt-reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS) after NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pnpt1 activation of the inflammasome was dependent on increased glycolysis and the expression of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) but not NF-κB signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that Pnpt1 is an important mediator of inflammation, as shown by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in murine sepsis and cultured macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia George Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark Sowden
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Camila Lage Chávez
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hsu CG, Chávez CL, Zhang C, Sowden M, Yan C, Berk BC. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage pyroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1790-1803. [PMID: 35264781 PMCID: PMC9433404 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death triggered by the innate immune system that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute lung injury. At the cellular level, pyroptosis is characterized by cell swelling, membrane rupture, and release of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. However, the role of endogenous lipids in pyroptosis remains underappreciated. We discovered that 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major endogenous product of lipid peroxidation, inhibited pyroptosis and inflammasome activation. HNE at physiological concentrations (3 µM) blocked nigericin and ATP-induced cell death, as well as secretion of IL-1β, by mouse primary macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Treatment with HNE, or an increase of endogenous HNE by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4, reduced inflammasome activation in mouse models of acute lung injury and sepsis. Mechanistically, HNE inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation independently of Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling, and had no effect on the NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Furthermore, HNE directly bound to NLRP3 and inhibited its interaction with NEK7. Our findings identify HNE as a novel, endogenous inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia George Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Camila Lage Chávez
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark Sowden
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Mohan A, Shi H, Yan C. Sildenafil (Viagra) Aggravates the Development of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023053. [PMID: 34984916 PMCID: PMC9238513 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background cGMP‐hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction by antagonizing cGMP‐dependent protein kinase I (PKGI)–dependent SMC relaxation. SMC contractile dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm. PDE5 inhibitors have been used for treating erectile dysfunction, such as drug Viagra (sildenafil). However, a few clinical cases have reported the association of Viagra usage with aortic dissection, and reduced PDE5A expression was found in human aortic aneurysm tissues. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of sildenafil on experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the most common form of aortic aneurysm in elderly men. Methods and Results AAA was induced in C57BL/6J male mice by periaortic elastase in combination with blocking elastin/collagen formation via 3‐aminopropionitrile fumarate salt for 35 days. PDE5A protein levels detected by immunostaining were significantly reduced in mouse AAA. Sildenafil application in drinking water significantly aggravated aortic wall dilation and elastin degradation with pre‐existing moderate AAA. The phosphorylation level of myosin light chain 2 at Ser19, a biochemical marker of SMC contraction, was significantly reduced by sildenafil in AAA. Proximity ligation assay further revealed that the interaction between cGMP and PKGI was significantly increased by sildenafil in AAA, suggesting an elevation of PKGI activation in AAA. Conclusions Sildenafil treatment aggravated the degradation of elastin fibers and progression of experimental AAA by dysregulating cGMP and contractile signaling in SMCs. Our findings may raise the caution of clinical usage of Viagra in aneurysmal patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Dentistry Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester Rochester NY
| | - Amy Mohan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY
| | - Hangchuan Shi
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY.,Department of Public Health Sciences University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
| | - Chen Yan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsu CG, Fazal F, Rahman A, Berk BC, Yan C. Phosphodiesterase 10A Is a Key Mediator of Lung Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:3010-3020. [PMID: 34117108 PMCID: PMC8664899 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are important regulators of immune cell functions. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cAMP and/or cGMP and, thus, play crucial roles in cyclic nucleotide homeostasis. Abnormal alterations of PDE expression have been implicated in several diseases. To understand the function of PDEs in macrophages, we screened for all PDE genes in both peritoneal and alveolar macrophages from C57BL/6J mice and found that PDE4B and PDE10A are highly induced by LPS. A number of PDE4 inhibitors have been used clinically for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. However, the role of PDE10A in inflammation is still poorly understood. We therefore investigated the role of PDE10A in macrophage inflammatory response in vitro and acute lung inflammation in vivo. We found that LPS induces a sustained PDE10A expression in macrophages, which is different from a transient induction by PDE4B. PDE10A inhibition blocked LPS-induced MCP-1 expression, but not TNF-α, whereas PDE4B inhibition blocked LPS-induced TNF-α expression, but not MCP-1. In addition, PDE10A inhibition or deficiency decreased LPS-induced HIF-1α protein expression and subsequently suppressed MCP-1 expression. In vivo, PDE10A expression was also elevated in lung tissue after LPS exposure. Global PDE10A knockout or systemic administration of the PDE10A inhibitor TP-10 in mice significantly suppressed inflammatory molecule levels in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as inflammatory cell infiltration. These findings show that PDE10A plays a critical role in lung inflammation by promoting the activation of resident macrophages and infiltration of neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia George Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan Z, Lu Y, Wei J, Wu J, Yang J, Cai Z. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Roles of Inflammatory Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609161. [PMID: 33613530 PMCID: PMC7886696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are local dilations of infrarenal segment of aortas. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AAA remain not fully clear. However, inflammation has been considered as a central player in the development of AAA. In the past few decades, studies demonstrated a host of inflammatory cells, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and mast cells, etc. infiltrating into aortic walls, which implicated their crucial roles. In addition to direct cell contacts and cytokine or protease secretions, special structures like inflammasomes and neutrophil extracellular traps have been investigated to explore their functions in aneurysm formation. The above-mentioned inflammatory cells and associated structures may initiate and promote AAA expansion. Understanding their impacts and interaction networks formation is meaningful to develop new strategies of screening and pharmacological interventions for AAA. In this review, we aim to discuss the roles and mechanisms of these inflammatory cells in AAA pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Jiaxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gromova O, Torshin I. Comparative chemoreactome analysis of the synergism of vinpocetine, piracetam, and cinnarizine molecules. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:69-76. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|