1
|
Ahmadi SS, Bagherzadeh O, Sargazi M, Kalantar F, Najafi MAE, Vahedi MM, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in neuroblastoma. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 39189819 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are the most common solid tumors outside of the brain that originate from immature neural crest cells, accounting for about 10% of all pediatric malignancies. The treatment for neuroblastomas involves a multimodal schedule, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All these modalities are limited by side effects that might be severe, poor prognosis, and a high risk of recurrence. In the quest for additional therapeutic approaches, phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their reported antitumor properties, safety, and multimechanistic mode of action. Several studies have used plant-derived bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting modulation of biomolecules and signal transduction pathways involved in neuroblastoma. We reviewed the findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of phytochemicals on neuroblastoma, shedding light on their molecular mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Bagherzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Sargazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kalantar
- Departman of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Elahi Najafi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aravindan N, Natarajan M, Somasundaram DB, Aravindan S. Chemoprevention of neuroblastoma: progress and promise beyond uncertainties. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 38249515 PMCID: PMC10798790 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and comprises one-tenth of all childhood cancer deaths. The current clinical therapy for this deadly disease is multimodal, involving an induction phase with alternating regimens of high-dose chemotherapeutic drugs and load reduction surgery; a consolidation phase with more intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplant; and a maintenance phase with immunotherapy and immune-activating cytokine treatment. Despite such intensive treatment, children with neuroblastoma have unacceptable life quality and survival, warranting preventive measures to regulate the cellular functions that orchestrate tumor progression, therapy resistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse/recurrence. Globally, active efforts are underway to identify novel chemopreventive agents, define their mechanism(s) of action, and assess their clinical benefit. Some chemoprevention strategies (e.g., retinoids, difluoromethylornithine) have already been adopted clinically as part of maintenance phase therapy. Several agents are in the pipeline, while many others are in preclinical characterization. Here we review the classes of chemopreventive agents investigated for neuroblastoma, including cellular events targeted, mode(s) of action, and the level of development. Our review: (i) highlights the pressing need for new and improved chemopreventive strategies for progressive neuroblastoma; (ii) lists the emerging classes of chemopreventive agents for neuroblastoma; and (iii) recognizes the relevance of targeting dynamically evolving hallmark functions of tumor evolution (e.g., survival, differentiation, lineage transformation). With recent gains in the understanding of tumor evolution processes and preclinical and clinical efforts, it is our strong opinion that effective chemopreventive strategies for aggressive neuroblastoma are a near reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potential Treatment Options for Neuroblastoma with Polyphenols through Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030563. [PMID: 36979499 PMCID: PMC10046851 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial tumor of the peripheral nervous system arising from neural crest cells. It is the most common malignancy in infants and the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The current treatment for high-risk NB involves chemotherapy and surgical resection followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue and radiation treatment. However, those with high-risk NB are susceptible to relapse and the long-term side effects of standard chemotherapy. Polyphenols, including the sub-class of flavonoids, contain more than one aromatic ring with hydroxyl groups. The literature demonstrates their utility in inducing the apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells, mostly in vitro and some in vivo. This review explores the use of various polyphenols outlined in primary studies, underlines the pathways involved in apoptotic activity, and discusses the dosage and delivery of these polyphenols. Primary studies were obtained from multiple databases with search the terms “neuroblastoma”, “flavonoid”, and “apoptosis”. The in vitro studies showed that polyphenols exert an apoptotic effect on several NB cell lines. These polyphenols include apigenin, genistein, didymin, rutin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, butein, bisphenols, and various plant extracts. The mechanisms of the therapeutic effects include calpain-dependent pathways, receptor-mediated apoptosis, and, notably, and most frequently, mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, including the mitochondrial proteins Bax and Bcl-2. Overall, polyphenols demonstrate potency in decreasing NB proliferation and inducing apoptosis, indicating significant potential for further in vivo research.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao M, Wang Y, Jing H, Wang Z, Meng Y, Geng Y, Miao M, Li XM. Development of an Oral Isoliquiritigenin Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (ILQ-SNEDDS) for Effective Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Induced by Food Allergy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121587. [PMID: 36559038 PMCID: PMC9784770 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILQ) is a natural flavonoid with various pharmacological activities. In this study, we optimized the preparation method of self-nano-emulsion-loaded ILQ to further improve its bioavailability based on our previous study. In addition, its effect on the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis was also evaluated. Combined surfactants and co-surfactants were screened, and the optimal formulation of ILQ-SNEDDS was determined according to droplet size, droplet dispersity index (DDI), and drug loading. The formulation was composed of ethyl oleate (oil phase), Tween 80 & Cremophor EL (surfactant, 7:3), and PEG 400 & 1,2-propylene glycol (cosurfactant, 1:1), with a mass ratio of 3:6:1. Its physicochemical properties, including drug loading, droplets' size, Zeta potential, appearance, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were characterized. In vitro release profile, in situ intestinal absorption, and in vivo pharmacokinetics were applied to confirm the improvement of oral ILQ bioavailability by NEDDS. Finally, the efficacy of ILQ-SNEDDS in the treatment of food allergy-induced eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE) was further evaluated. When the ILQ drug loading was 77.9 mg/g, ILQ-SNEDDS could self-assemble into sub-spherical uniform droplets with an average size of about 33.4 ± 2.46 nm (PDI about 0.10 ± 0.05) and a Zeta potential of approximately -10.05 ± 3.23 mV. In situ intestinal absorption showed that optimized SNEDDS significantly increased the apparent permeability coefficient of ILQ by 1.69 times, and the pharmacokinetic parameters also confirmed that SNEDDS sharply increased the max plasma concentration and bioavailability of ILQ by 3.47 and 2.02 times, respectively. ILQ-SNEDDS also significantly improved the apparent signs, allergic index, hypothermia and body weight of EoE model mice. ILQ-SNEDDS treatment significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-5, and the level of PPE-s-IgE in serum, and significantly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 in esophageal tissue. SNEDDS significantly improved the solubility and bioavailability of ILQ. Additionally, ILQ-SNEDDS treatment attenuated symptomatology of EoE model mice, which was associated with inhibiting the production of TH2 inflammatory cytokines and PPE-s-IgE and the expression of TGF-β1. The above results shows that ILQ-SNEDDS has great potential as a good candidate for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhuo Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
| | - Heyun Jing
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
| | - Zeqian Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
| | - Yijia Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
| | - Yu Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, China
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (X.-M.L.)
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (X.-M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang KL, Yu YC, Chen HY, Chiang YF, Ali M, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Recent Advances in Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)-Containing Herbs Alleviating Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Adverse Reactions in Cancer Treatment. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060535. [PMID: 35736467 PMCID: PMC9227067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They also impose a large economic burden on patients, their families, and health insurance systems. Notably, cancers and the adverse reactions to their therapeutic options, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, dramatically affect the quality of life of afflicted patients. Therefore, developing approaches to manage chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced adverse reactions gained greater attention in recent years. Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), a perennial plant that is one of the most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, has been heavily investigated in relation to cancer therapy. Licorice/licorice-related regimes, used in combination with chemotherapy, may improve the adverse effects of chemotherapy. However, there is little awareness of licorice-containing herbs alleviating reactions to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or to other induced adverse reactions in cancer treatment. We aimed to provide a descriptive review, and to emphasize the possibility that licorice-related medicines could be used as an adjuvant regimen with chemotherapy to improve quality of life (QoL) and to reduce side effects, thus, improving compliance with chemotherapy. The experimental method involved searching different databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Wang Fang database, as of May 2022, to identify any relevant studies. Despite a lack of high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials, we still discovered the potential benefits of licorice-containing herbs from published clinical studies. These studies find that licorice-containing herbs, and their active ingredients, reduce the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and improve the QoL of patients. This comprehensive review will serve as a cornerstone to encourage more scientists to evaluate and develop effective Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to improve the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Sex Hormonal Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao S, Huang X, Zhang Y, Bao L, Wang X, Zhang M. Investigation on the expression regulation of RIPK1/RIPK3 in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cultured in high glucose. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3947-3956. [PMID: 34281454 PMCID: PMC8806785 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1944456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents the most typical complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and one of the most primary oculopathy causing blindness. However, the mechanism of DR remains unknown. RIPK1/RIPK3, as homologous serine/threonine kinases, are key elements in mediating necroptosis and may have functions in DR development. To clarify the relationship between DR and RIPK1/RIPK3, this study established a model of apoptosis using high-glucose induced RGCs, which were treated with 7.5, 19.5, and 35 mM D-glucose for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Subsequently, the expression of RIPK1/RIPK3 was determined and the protective effect of necrostatin-1 on RGCs injury induced by high glucose was explored. The results demonstrated that the expression of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in the cells was increased markedly following 12 h treatment with 19.5 mM D-glucose. Additionally, following an addition of 100 μM necrostatin-1 in 19.5 mM D-glucose medium for RGCs treatment 12 h, the protein expression of RIPK1 and RIPK3 was decreased markedly, and the number of Nissl bodies in cells was increased substantially. The findings of the present study indicated that high glucose could induce the expression of RIPK1/RIPK3, and necrostatin-1 could effectively protect RGCs from D-glucose-induced cell necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang KL, Yu YC, Hsia SM. Perspectives on the Role of Isoliquiritigenin in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E115. [PMID: 33401375 PMCID: PMC7795842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone, ISL), one of the most important bioactive compounds with a chalcone structure, is derived from licorice root. Licorice is commonly known as Glycyrrhiza, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza radix, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, which are generally available in common foods and Chinese herbal medicines based on a wide variety of biological functions and pharmacological effects, and its derivative (ISL) is utilized as a food additive and adjunct disease treatment. In this review, we summarized the progress over the last 10 years in the targeted pathways and molecular mechanisms of ISL that are involved in the regulation of the onset and progression of different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Sex Hormonal Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alshangiti AM, Tuboly E, Hegarty SV, McCarthy CM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. 4-Hydroxychalcone Induces Cell Death via Oxidative Stress in MYCN-Amplified Human Neuroblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1670759. [PMID: 31885773 PMCID: PMC6915131 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1670759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from cells of sympathoadrenal lineage during the development of the nervous system. It is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and is responsible for 15% of childhood deaths from cancer. Fifty percent of cases are diagnosed as high-risk metastatic disease with a low overall 5-year survival rate. More than half of patients experience disease recurrence that can be refractory to treatment. Amplification of the MYCN gene is an important prognostic indicator that is associated with rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on identifying anticancer properties of naturally occurring chalcones, which are secondary metabolites with variable phenolic structures. Here, we report that 4-hydroxychalcone is a potent cytotoxin for MYCN-amplified IMR-32 and SK-N-BE (2) neuroblastoma cells, when compared to non-MYCN-amplified SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to the non-neuroblastoma human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK293t. Moreover, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment significantly decreased cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione and increased cellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment led to impairments in mitochondrial respiratory function, compared to controls. In support of this, the cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone was prevented by co-treatment with either the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a pharmacological inhibitor of oxidative stress-induced cell death (IM-54) or the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenger, Mito-TEMPO. When combined with the anticancer drugs cisplatin or doxorubicin, 4-hydroxychalcone led to greater reductions in cell viability than was induced by either anti-cancer agent alone. In summary, this study identifies a cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone in MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cells, which rationalizes its further study in the development of new therapies for pediatric neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amnah M. Alshangiti
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane V. Hegarty
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M. Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W. O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goenka S, Simon SR. Organogold drug Auranofin exhibits anti-melanogenic activity in B16F10 and MNT-1 melanoma cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:213-221. [PMID: 31501921 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin (AF) is an organogold FDA-approved drug for treating rheumatism and has been repurposed for several pharmacological applications based on its anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study on effects of AF on melanogenesis yet. Hence, in this work, we studied the effect of AF on melanogenesis using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and validated results in MNT-1 human melanoma cells. Melanogenesis assay was conducted with concentrations of AF determined to be nontoxic in B16F10 cells as well as HaCaT human epidermal cell line for a duration of 48 h, followed by various assays to delineate mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition. Ultrastructural analysis was conducted to study further if AF affected melanosome maturation and protein levels of a key melanogenic protein, tyrosinase, and the maturation signaling molecule, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), was estimated. Our results demonstrate that AF at nontoxic concentrations of 0.25-1 µM significantly inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner with significant inhibition of 32.85% at 1 µM. The study of mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition revealed that AF inhibited tyrosinase activity in lysates of B16F10 cells but did not show a direct effect on purified mushroom tyrosinase activity or on copper chelation in a cell-free system, nor did it affect levels of B16F10 tyrosinase protein levels. However, AF significantly down-regulated cAMP levels, inhibited cellular ROS and increased number of melanosomes in immature stages, and also exhibited anti-melanogenic activity in B16F10-HaCaT cocultures. Furthermore, AF showed anti-melanogenic efficacy in MNT-1 cell monocultures and cocultures with an inhibition of intracellular tyrosinase activity. In summary, our results demonstrate a proof-of-principle for AF as a depigmenting agent for hyperpigmentation disorders and adjuvant for melanoma therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA.
| | - Sanford R Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|