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Gupta P, Makkar TK, Goel L, Pahuja M. Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Immunol Res 2022; 70:725-741. [PMID: 35859244 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents may adversely affect the nervous system, including the neural precursor cells as well as the white matter. Although the mechanisms are not completely understood, several hypotheses connecting inflammation and oxidative stress with neurotoxicity are now emerging. The proposed mechanisms differ depending on the class of drug. For example, toxicity due to cisplatin occurs due to activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which alters hippocampal long-term potentiation. Free radical injury is also involved in the cisplatin-mediated neurotoxicity as dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been seen which protects against the free radical injury by regulating glutathione S-transferases and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Thus, correcting the imbalance between NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways may alleviate cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. With newer agents like bortezomib, peripheral neuropathy occurs due to up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 in the sensory neurons. Superoxide dismutase dysregulation is also involved in bortezomib-induced neuropathy. This article reviews the available literature on inflammation and oxidative stress in neurotoxicity caused by various classes of chemotherapeutic agents. It covers the conventional medicines like platinum compounds, vinca alkaloids, and methotrexate, as well as the newer therapeutic agents like immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors. A better understanding of the pathophysiology will lead to further advancement in strategies for management of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. .,Coordinator, AIIMS Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centre, Pharmacovigilance Program of India, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tavneet Kaur Makkar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lavisha Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Monika Pahuja
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Coombs CC, DeAngelis LM, Feusner JH, Rowe JM, Tallman MS. Pseudotumor Cerebri in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients on Intergroup Protocol 0129: Clinical Description and Recommendations for New Diagnostic Criteria. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 16:146-51. [PMID: 26724834 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple randomized trials have demonstrated a benefit for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is an infrequently reported adverse effect of ATRA. METHODS We examined the incidence, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with APL treated on Intergroup Protocol 0129 (I0129) who developed PTC. This trial evaluated the role of ATRA alone during induction and/or as maintenance therapy. RESULTS Of the patients on trial, 240 received ATRA during induction, maintenance, or both; 8 had a clinical suspicion for PTC. Upon review of individual cases, this was felt to be "probable" in 4 patients, "possible" in 1 and "unlikely" in 3 due to lack of diagnostic criteria or presence of a more likely alternate diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS "Probable" PTC occurred in 1.7% of patients who received ATRA during induction and/or maintenance therapy. In agreement with previous reports, the incidence of PTC in APL patients receiving ATRA was higher in the pediatric population. Here, we discuss the method for diagnosing PTC in the setting of ATRA therapy and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Coombs
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - James H Feusner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Jacob M Rowe
- Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Smith MB, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES, Wetzler M, Freyer CW. High pseudotumor cerebri incidence in tretinoin and arsenic treated acute promyelocytic leukemia and the role of topiramate after acetazolamide failure. Leuk Res Rep 2014; 3:62-6. [PMID: 25180154 PMCID: PMC4145165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual differentiation therapy with arsenic trioxide and tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid; ATRA) for the management of low and intermediate risk acute promyelocytic leukemia has recently been recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Some less common toxicities of the combination may have yet to be fully realized. Of ten patients we have treated thus far, five (50%) have developed pseudotumor cerebri. In one patient, temporary discontinuation of ATRA and initiation of acetazolamide controlled symptoms. In four patients, topiramate was substituted for acetazolamide to relieve symptoms and allow ATRA dose re-escalation. We conclude that providers should monitor for pseudotumor cerebri and consider topiramate if acetazolamide fails. We identify five cases of pseudotumor cerebri during arsenic and tretinoin therapy. We report four cases of pseudotumor cerebri successfully treated with topiramate. Topiramate may have a role in the management of pseudotumor cerebri. Addition of arsenic trioxide to tretinoin may potentiate pseudotumor cerebri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan B Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Griffiths
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - James E Thompson
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Meir Wetzler
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Craig W Freyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
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Pagnano KBB, Rego EM, Rohr S, Chauffaille MDL, Jacomo RH, Bittencourt R, Firmato AB, Fagundes EM, Melo RAM, Bernardo W. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia: Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular Guidelines Project: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2013. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2014; 36:71-89. [PMID: 24624041 PMCID: PMC3948671 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20140018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Rohr
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosane Bittencourt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Pseudotumor Cerebri during Induction Therapy for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol Med 2012; 2012:313057. [PMID: 22701192 PMCID: PMC3371673 DOI: 10.1155/2012/313057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a derivative of vitamin A, is an essential component in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Though considered to be a relatively safe drug, use of ATRA can lead to several side effects such as retinoic acid syndrome and pseudotumor cerebri (PC). PC is a rare disorder characterized by neurologic and ocular signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, but with normal cerebrospinal fluid composition and normal brain imaging. Most of the previous studies suggest that PC, as a complication of ATRA therapy, occurs predominantly in the pediatric age group. Herein, we report a rare case of ATRA-induced PC in a 38-year-old woman undergoing induction treatment for APL. Symptoms improved with discontinuation of ATRA and treatment with acetazolamide. Concomitant administration of medications such as triazole antifungals which influence the cytochrome P-450 system can exacerbate this potential complication of ATRA. In this paper, we also review the current literature, provide a descriptive analysis of clinical features, and discuss the principles of management of ATRA-induced PC.
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Goldlust SA, Graber JJ, Bossert DF, Avila EK. Headache in patients with cancer. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2011; 14:455-64. [PMID: 20927609 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-010-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary cancer research has led to unparalleled advances in therapeutics and improved survival. Even as treatment options continue to improve, quality of life should remain a priority. Headache drastically impacts the quality of life of patients with cancer and has a wide etiological scope, making diagnosis a challenge. Intracranial mass lesions are only one cause; others include extracranial tumors, paraneoplastic processes, and the consequences of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions used in cancer care. Fortunately, cancer-related headache is treatable, but a sound understanding of the variable etiologies is crucial to appropriate diagnostic evaluation and treatment. In this review, we highlight the important causes of headache in the patient with cancer, and consider the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical course, and treatment options for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Goldlust
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Gallipoli P, Drummond MW. Pseudotumour cerebri as a manageable side effect of prolonged all-trans retinoic acid therapy in an adult patient with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Eur J Haematol 2008; 82:242-3. [PMID: 19018859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Machner B, Neppert B, Paulsen M, Hofmann C, Sander T, Helmchen C. Pseudotumor cerebri as a reversible side effect of all-trans retinoic acid treatment in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:e68-9. [PMID: 18452541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Arnault JP, Petitpain N, Granel-Brocard F, Cuny JF, Barbaud A, Schmutz JL. Acitretin and sixth nerve palsy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 21:1258-9. [PMID: 17894719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.02136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Raanani P, Shpilberg O, Ben-Bassat I. Extramedullary disease and targeted therapies for hematological malignancies—is the association real? Ann Oncol 2007; 18:7-12. [PMID: 16790518 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past years targeted therapies have gained a major role in the treatment of cancer patients, including those with hematological malignancies. Extramedullary involvement is a rare manifestation of acute and chronic leukemias and of multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, with the expanding use of targeted treatments there is an impression that the incidence of extramedullary relapses is increasing. We reviewed the reports on this phenomenon in patients treated with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia, thalidomide and bortezomib for multiple myeloma and imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia. The pathogenetic mechanisms suggested are: life prolongation by these treatments allowing for disease progression arising from dormant cells; poor penetration of the drugs to sanctuary sites like the central nervous system; the requirement of some of these drugs, especially thalidomide, for the marrow microenvironment to exert their action; and finally, a possible active role for some of the drugs, like all-trans-retinoic acid. Since the use of these targeted therapies is expanding we should be aware of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raanani
- Institute of Hematology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva.
| | - O Shpilberg
- Institute of Hematology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva
| | - I Ben-Bassat
- Institute of Hematology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Dawson MI, Harris DL, Liu G, Hobbs PD, Lange CW, Jong L, Bruey-Sedano N, James SY, Zhang XK, Peterson VJ, Leid M, Farhana L, Rishi AK, Fontana JA. Antagonist Analogue of 6-[3‘-(1-Adamantyl)-4‘-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic Acid (AHPN) Family of Apoptosis Inducers That Effectively Blocks AHPN-Induced Apoptosis but Not Cell-Cycle Arrest. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3518-36. [PMID: 15214780 DOI: 10.1021/jm030524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The retinoid 6-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (AHPN) and its active analogues induce cell-cycle arrest and programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells independently of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) interaction. Its analogue, (E)-4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-(3'-acetamidopropyloxy)cinnamic acid (3-A-AHPC) selectively antagonized cell apoptotic events (TR3/nur77/NGFI-B expression and nuclear-to-mitochondrial translocation) but not the proliferative events (cell-cycle arrest and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression) induced by proapoptotic AHPN and its analogues. The syntheses of 3-A-AHPC and proapoptotic (E)-6-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-5-chloronaphthalenecarboxylic acid (5-Cl-AHPN) are described. Computational studies on AHPN, AHPC, and three substituted analogues (5-Cl-AHPN, 3-Cl-AHPC, and 3-A-AHPC) suggested reasons for their diametric effects on RAR activation. Density functional theory studies indicated that the 1-adamantyl (1-Ad) groups of the AHPN and AHPC configurations assumed positions that were nearly planar with the aromatic rings of their polar termini. In contrast, in the configurations of the substituted analogues having chloro and 3-acetamidopropyloxy groups, rather than a hydrogen, ortho to the diaryl bonds, the diaryl bond torsion angles increased so that the 1-Ad groups were oriented out of this plane. Docking and molecular dynamics of AHPN, AHPC, and these substituted analogues in the RARgamma ligand-binding domain illustrated how specific substituents on the AHPN and AHPC scaffolds modulated the positions and dynamics of the 1-Ad groups. As a result, the position of RARgamma helix H12 in forming the coactivator-binding site was impacted in a manner consistent with the experimental effect of each analogue on RARgamma transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia I Dawson
- The Burnham Institute, Cancer Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Guirgis MF, Lueder GT. Intracranial hypertension secondary to all-trans retinoic acid treatment for leukemia: diagnosis and management. J AAPOS 2003; 7:432-4. [PMID: 14730300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medhat F Guirgis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
Neurologic complications of chemotherapy are relatively common. The diagnosis of chemotherapy-associated neurotoxicity remains a clinical one, and is largely based on the exclusion of other possible causes. The goal of this review is to describe the neurotoxicity associated with established chemothrerapeutic agents and with some of the newer biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies and targeted molecular therapies used in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02446, USA
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Galm O, Fabry U, Osieka R. Pseudotumor cerebri after treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide. Leukemia 2000; 14:343-4. [PMID: 10673758 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Camera A, Villa MR, Rocco S, De Novellis T, Costantini S, Pezzullo L, Lucania A, Mariano A, Macchia V, Rotoli B. Increased CA 125 serum levels in patients with advanced acute leukemia with serosal involvement. Cancer 2000; 88:75-8. [PMID: 10618608 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000101)88:1<75::aid-cncr11>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CA 125 is a tumor marker used for the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian carcinoma. This marker also has been found to be increased in patients with serosal effusion derived from nonneoplastic inflammatory disease and in a few instances of advanced non-Hodgkin lymphoma with serosal involvement. METHODS CA 125 levels were tested in the serum of 15 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) at the time of diagnosis and in 3 patients with advanced leukemia with serosal involvement. In two patients with elevated serum CA 125 levels, a CA 125 assay was performed on leukemic cells and on the supernatant fluid of short term liquid culture. RESULTS Increased serum CA 125 was found in the three patients with acute leukemia with extramedullary localization and serosal effusion, whereas it was normal in 15 AML patients tested at the time of diagnosis. CA 125 was not detectable in leukemic cell extracts nor in the supernatant fluid of primary cultures. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that leukemic cells were unable to produce CA 125 and suggest that its elevation in the serum is likely due to a serosal inflammatory reaction caused by the leukemic infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camera
- Division of Hematology, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is currently recommended as standard treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However there has been increasing concern that ATRA is associated with unusual sites of relapse. Although there is insufficient evidence so far to substantiate this, we review the potential mechanisms by which ATRA may increase the incidence of extramedullary and, in particular, central nervous system (CNS) relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Evans
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Liso V, Specchia G, Pogliani EM, Palumbo G, Mininni D, Rossi V, Teruzzi E, Mestice A, Coppi MR, Biondi A. Extramedullary involvement in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1522::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Benekli M, Sava? MC, Haznedaro??lu ?C. Extramedullary acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970801)80:3<518::aid-cncr24>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramedullary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is rare, and said to be more common after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) than after any other treatment. METHODS The case of a child with extramedullary relapse of APL after initial treatment with ATRA and that of an adult whose initial treatment was chemotherapy are presented, and the literature on extramedullary relapse of APL is reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were identified, including the 2 current patients. Ethnicity could be determined in 23 patients, 17 of whom were of other than Northern European extraction. The most common sites of extramedullary disease were the skin (15 patients), central nervous system (5 patients), mediastinum (3 patients), and, curiously, gingiva (3 patients). Extramedullary leukemia developed in 19 patients: after treatment with ATRA (6 patients), cytotoxic chemotherapy (12 patients), or both (1 patient), and developed in 7 others before any treatment for leukemia was given. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest but do not prove that extramedullary APL may occur more frequently after ATRA than other therapy, since ATRA has been available for a relatively short period of time. However, it is clear from the literature that extramedullary APL may occur after chemotherapy or before any treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wiernik
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
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