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Hsiao JL, Ko WS, Shih CJ, Chiou YL. The Changed Proportion of CD45RA +/CD45RO + T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients During Pegylated Interferon-α with Ribavirin Therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:303-309. [PMID: 28414566 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) may progress toward chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. A therapy for patients with chronic HCV infection is the combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, which increases the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) to 56%. However, a practical biomarker to predict SVR is lacking. T cells expressing the CD45RA isoform are considered naive, and antigenic stimulation converts them to CD45RO+. CD45RO+ T cells exhibit immediate response and high lymphokine production, leading to the maintenance and upregulation of immune reactions. The aim of this study is to clarify the proportions of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells associated with rapid virological response and SVR. We collected blood samples from 32 HCV patients receiving the combined treatment. The samples were collected before, during 4th, 12th, and 24th therapy weeks, and 4th week posttherapy, and their T cell populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. Twenty-nine patients (90.6%) achieved SVR. There were significant declines in proportions of CD45RA+ cells during 4th, 12th, and 24th therapy weeks, and significant increases in proportions of CD45RO+ cells during 24th therapy week and 4th week posttherapy (P < 0.05). Patients undergoing hepatitis C therapy exhibited lowered CD45RA+ cell proportions and increased CD45RO+ cell proportions. This effect may be important in a patient's response to pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lung Hsiao
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wang-Sheng Ko
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China .,2 Department of Nutrition, Institute of BioMedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ju Shih
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Institute of BioMedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Chiou
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Institute of BioMedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China .,3 Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Jain A, Ryan C, Mohanka R, Orloff M, Abt P, Romano J, Bryan L, Batzold P, Mantry P, Bozorgzadeh A. Characterization of CD4, CD8, CD56 positive lymphocytes and C4d deposits to distinguish acute cellular rejection from recurrent hepatitis C in post-liver transplant biopsies. Clin Transplant 2007; 20:624-33. [PMID: 16968489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is the most common cause for liver transplantation (LTx) in USA. Hepatitis C viral recurrence in liver allograft is almost universal, which is often difficult to distinguish from acute cellular rejection (ACR). AIM Aim of the present study is to examine the differences between distribution of CD4, CD8, CD56 positive lymphocytes, and C4d deposits in patients with ACR and recurrent HCV. PATIENTS AND METHODS As a pilot project, a group of five post-LTx HCV RNA negative patients, strongly suspicious for ACR based on clinical findings and history of medication non-compliance and another group of five post-LTx HCV positive, medication compliant patients with abnormal liver function were retrospectively selected. Liver biopsies of these patients were stained with monoclonal CD4, CD8, CD56, and polyclonal C4d antibodies and compared. RESULTS Mean CD4, CD8, and CD56 counts in ACR group were 156.7 +/- 17.6, 35.4 +/- 8.8, and 1.0 +/- 1.8/HPF, respectively and were 89.7 +/- 41.3, 20.3 +/- 23.2, and 0.6 +/- 0.9/HPF, respectively in HCV recurrence group. Biopsies of four of five patients with ACR demonstrated moderate to strong C4d staining, whereas all patients with recurrent HCV had none to mild C4d staining. CONCLUSION Mean CD4, CD8, and CD56 were similar for acute rejection and recurrent HCV infection. However, 80% of patients with ACR showed moderate to strong staining for C4d and all recurrent HCV patients showed none to mild C4d staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Nisii C, Tempestilli M, Agrati C, Poccia F, Tocci G, Longo MA, D'Offizi G, Tersigni R, Lo Iacono O, Antonucci G, Oliva A. Accumulation of dysfunctional effector CD8+ T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection. J Hepatol 2006; 44:475-83. [PMID: 16426698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a chronic infection that can lead to fibrosis and carcinoma. Immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could be involved in viral clearance or persistence, and therefore in determining the course of the disease. METHODS Intrahepatic and peripheral blood CD8+T cells were obtained from 32 HCV-chronically infected patients and analysed by flow-cytometry for surface markers of differentiation, IFNgamma and TNFalpha production, degranulation capacity and perforin content, after CD3 triggering. Results were compared with those obtained from 13 patients with a non-viral liver disease. RESULTS Intrahepatic CD8+T cells of HCV-infected patients, despite their phenotype of pre-terminally and terminally differentiated effectors (CCR7-CD45RA-/+), are poorly responsive to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation compared with those obtained from uninfected subjects. This defect correlates with the severity of fibrosis, is more pronounced in patients with ALT<1.5xN than with ALT>1.5xNU/ml, and is not evident after mitogen stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes the accumulation of hypo-responsive CD8+T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this impairment may be helpful in the design of innovative strategies for HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nisii
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
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Sato H, Ozawa K, Iwata S, Kaihara S, Ogura Y, Fujimoto Y, Ono M, Hodohara K, Uemoto S, Nakamura H, Takai K, Tanaka K. Role of bcl-2 mRNA in homeostatic proliferation in circulating T-cells in human liver transplant patients after T-cell depletion. J Surg Res 2005; 127:123-30. [PMID: 15921702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged T-cell depletion after liver transplantation leads to life-threatening infections. Members of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene family can maintain T-cell viability. T-cell numbers and their Bcl-2 expression following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) were analyzed in 108 surviving and 13 deceased recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bcl-2 mRNA levels and phenotypic changes of T-cells were examined by quantitative PCR and by measuring expression of CD45RO and CCR7. RESULTS Based on the restoration of peripheral T-cell numbers, the 108 surviving recipients were classified into three groups. All recipients showed T-cell depletion, down to approximately 30% of pretransplant levels within 3 h of graft reperfusion. In Group I, the T-cell numbers were rapidly restored to pretransplant levels, within 5 days, with a rapid decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA levels immediately after LDLT. In Group II, the T-cell numbers were restored to normal levels by 19 days, with down-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA. In Group III, the T-cell numbers were maintained at low levels for much longer, with high levels of Bcl-2 mRNA. In all three groups of recipients, there was statistically significant (r = -0.78) inverse correlation between T-cell numbers and Bcl-2 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS For successful transplantation, homeostatic restoration of T-cells must occur as soon as possible. Evaluation of peripheral T-cell numbers and of Bcl-2 expression may have therapeutic potential in identifying those transplant patients who face increased risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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Jesch NK, Vieten G, Tschernig T, Schroedel W, Ure BM. Mini-laparotomy and full laparotomy, but not laparoscopy, alter hepatic macrophage populations in a rat model. Surg Endosc 2005; 19:804-10. [PMID: 15868270 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-004-2189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune function is better preserved by laparoscopic versus conventional surgery. Numerous mediators of the systemic trauma response are synthesized and/or regulated by the liver. However, it has been stated that the advantages of laparoscopic surgery are no more obvious when conventional operations are performed via mini-laparotomy. We set out to compare the impact of laparoscopy and mini- and full laparotomy on the hepatic macrophage populations. METHODS Male Lewis rats were subjected to anesthesia alone (control), mini-laparotomy (1 cm), full laparotomy (7 cm), or laparoscopy for 60 min. Endpoints were the total protein in the peritoneal lavage fluid, hepatic ED-1 cells (recruited monocytes), hepatic ED-2 cells (Kupffer cells), the expression of OX-6 in the liver, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma. RESULTS Protein in the peritoneal lavage fluid increased significantly after all interventions. Full laparotomy was accompanied by an enhancement in ED-1-positive monocytes in the liver parenchyma compared to all other groups (p < 0.001). Mini- and full laparotomy led to an increase in ED-2-positive Kupffer cells (p < 0.001). Laparoscopy did not affect the number of monocytes/macrophages. There was no significant alteration of OX-6 expression in either group. No change in the cellular composition in the periportal fields was observed. The CRP plasma levels did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopy completely prevents hepatic macrophage populations from expansion and normal cell disposition is preserved. Laparotomy, irrespective of incision size, increases the number of Kupffer cells. Moreover, full laparotomy, but not mini-laparotomy or laparoscopy, causes an increase in hepatic monocyte recruitment. The regulating pathways after surgery differ from other immunologic challenges, such as sepsis, in which immunocompetent cells accumulate and are stimulated in the periportal fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Jesch
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
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Pernollet M, Jouvin-Marche E, Leroy V, Vigan I, Zarski JP, Marche PN. Simultaneous evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations in the liver and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV-infected patients: relationship with histological lesions. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 130:518-25. [PMID: 12452844 PMCID: PMC1906563 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS Intrahepatic lymphocytes are believed to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the evolution of HCV-induced hepatitis. In the present study, we examined the three main intrahepatic lymphocyte subsets, namely CD3+CD56- conventional T lymphocytes, CD3+CD56+ natural T (NT) lymphocytes and CD3-CD56+ natural killer (NK) lymphocytes in HCV-infected patients. The proportion of each lymphocyte subset was evaluated both in liver biopsies and in samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by flow cytometry in 21 patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C. Simultaneously, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, viral load and histological lesions were assessed. Neither NT nor NK populations correlated with any biochemical, viral or histological parameters. Furthermore, Valpha24+ NT lymphocytes showed no preferential enrichment in the liver of HCV-infected patients. Regarding conventional T lymphocytes, a highly significant linear correlation was found between intrahepatic CD3+CD56- T lymphocytes and the Knodell score, a numerical score for assessing histological activity and fibrosis (r = 0.715, P < 0.0001) and more specifically with the periportal necrosis parameter, which is the main lesion of chronic hepatitis C. In addition, analysis of the peripheral compartment revealed a high correlation between values of CD3+CD56- lymphocytes and both Knodell score (r = 0.624, P = 0.003) and serum ALT levels and again with periportal necrosis. The strong correlation between the proportion of peripheral CD3+CD56- conventional T lymphocytes and the severity of hepatic lesions leads us to propose that evaluation of this accessible peripheral population could be used as an indicator test for the severity of histological lesions in chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pernollet
- Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, CEA/DBMS/ICH, INSERM U548, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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Lamprecht P, Moosig F, Gause A, Herlyn K, Csernok E, Hansen H, Gross WL. Immunological and clinical follow up of hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:385-90. [PMID: 11247870 PMCID: PMC1753599 DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study immunological markers and compare these markers with standard measures for the clinical and immunological follow up of vasculitis activity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CV). METHODS Serial serum samples from eight patients with newly diagnosed HCV associated CV were followed during interferon alpha treatment induced remission of the CV. Vasculitis activity and disease extent were evaluated with the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) and disease extent index (DEI). Cryoglobulinaemia, complement levels (C3c, C4, and CH50), rheumatoid factor (RF), autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2r), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble CD30 (sCD30) were determined. RESULTS All patients achieved either complete or partial remission of their CV during interferon alpha treatment. There was a significant reduction in vasculitis activity and disease extent (BVAS, DEI), cryoglobulinaemia, RF, sIL2r, sICAM-1, and sCD30. Complement C3c levels increased significantly during this period. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and levels of complement C4 and CH50 did not change significantly. Both clinical measures (BVAS and DEI) correlated significantly only with C3c and sCD30. CONCLUSIONS Although this study was of only a small group of patients, it shows that BVAS and DEI as clinical measures and C3c and sCD30 as immunological markers may be useful in the follow up of disease activity of HCV associated CV. The data indicate that activity of the humoral (cryoglobulinaemia, RF, autoantibodies) and cellular (sIL2r, sICAM-1, sCD30) immune response and endothelial damage (sICAM-1) are found in HCV associated CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, and Rheumaklinik Bad Bramstedt, Oskar-Alexander-Str. 26, 24576 Bad Bramstedt, Germany
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Patella S, Phillips DJ, de Kretser DM, Evans LW, Groome NP, Sievert W. Characterization of serum activin-A and follistatin and their relation to virological and histological determinants in chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 2001; 34:576-83. [PMID: 11394658 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)00029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/METHODS Hepatocyte proliferation in viral hepatitis is regulated by a number of growth factors. Activin-A inhibits hepatocyte DNA synthesis while follistatin, a potent activin-A antagonist, promotes liver regeneration. We report the first study of activin-A and follistatin in human viral hepatitis. Sera from 15 normal subjects, 22 hepatitis B and 47 hepatitis C patients were analysed for activin-A and follistatin and correlated with serological and histological markers of liver injury and with specific immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All groups showed immunoreactivity for activin with hepatocyte localisation. Serum activin-A was significantly increased in viral hepatitis patients compared to controls, was greater in hepatitis B compared to hepatitis C, and correlated with serum aminotransferase and hepatitis B viral replication. A concurrent rise in serum follistatin was not observed in either group, but serum follistatin correlated inversely with hepatitis B DNA levels. Although hepatocyte apoptosis in hepatitis C and proliferation in both groups was significantly elevated compared to controls, there was no correlation with serum activin-A or follistatin. CONCLUSIONS Activin-A and follistatin are constitutively expressed in human liver and serum concentrations are increased in viral hepatitis. Dysregulation of the activin/follistatin axis may be linked to hepatitis B replication but does not correlate with hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patella
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Rehermann B, Chisari FV. Cell mediated immune response to the hepatitis C virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 242:299-325. [PMID: 10592666 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-59605-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Rehermann
- Liver Diseases Section, DDB, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA
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Luettig B, Pape L, Bode U, Bell EB, Sparshott SM, Wagner S, Westermann J. Naive and Memory T Lymphocytes Migrate in Comparable Numbers Through Normal Rat Liver: Activated T Cells Accumulate in the Periportal Field. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.8.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although the liver is known to contain a significant number of lymphocytes, migration of these through the compartments of the liver, parenchyma and periportal field, has not been studied. The periportal field, in particular, is affected in several immunological disorders of the liver. Populations of labeled naive, activated, and memory T cells were injected into congenic rats. The recipient livers and draining lymph nodes were removed at various time points, and cryostat sections were analyzed for the presence of donor cells using quantitative immunohistology. Donor cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in vivo by BrdU (5 μM 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine) incorporation and the TUNEL technique, respectively. Early after injection (0.5–1 h), naive, activated, and memory T cells were localized to the parenchyma and periportal field in comparable numbers. With time, all T cell subsets left the parenchyma but remained or, in the case of activated T cells, significantly accumulated in the periportal field. Furthermore, 12% of activated donor T cells proliferated in vivo within the periportal field, and 0.5% showed evidence of apoptosis. Taken together, not only activated and memory, but also naive T cells continuously migrate through the liver, showing a preference for the periportal field, and activated T cells mainly proliferate there. This may explain why many immunological liver diseases predominantly affect the periportal field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric B. Bell
- ‡Immunology Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila M. Sparshott
- ‡Immunology Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Siegfried Wagner
- †Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany; and
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Neuman MG, Benhamou JP, Martinot M, Boyer N, Shear NH, Malkiewicz I, Katz GG, Suneja A, Singh S, Marcellin P. Predictors of sustained response to alpha interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Clin Biochem 1999; 32:537-45. [PMID: 10614716 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(99)00053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To utilize cytokine levels to predict sustained response (SR) to alpha interferon (IFN alpha) therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients, and to determine the relationship between serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin (IL) IL 6, IL 8, IL 12, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta 1) and the degree of liver damage as reflected by traditional markers. DESIGN AND METHODS Serum cytokine levels were assessed using ELISA in 18 patients included in a controlled clinical trial of IFN alpha. RESULTS Of the 18 patients, 27% were sustained responders (SR), 27% were response and relapse responders (RR), and 46% were non-responders (NR). Multivariate analysis showed that a low serum TNF alpha level and high serum IL 8 levels were independent factors associated with SR to IFN alpha therapy. Serum TNF alpha level highly correlated with viral load and genotype predictive values (p < 0.001). Therapy lowered the IL 6 and IL 12 profile. TGF beta 1 levels in serum are positively correlated with fibrinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS IFN alpha therapy modulates immune response to hepatitis C virus, contributing to sustained response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Neuman
- Sunnybrook and Women's Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Nishimura T, Ohta A. A Critical Role for Antigen-Specific Th1 Cells in Acute Liver Injury in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel liver injury model was established in mice by targeting of OVA-containing liposomes into the liver, followed by adoptive transfer of OVA-specific Th1 cells. Combined treatment of mice with OVA-containing liposomes and Th1 cell transfer caused an increase in serum transaminase activity that was paralleled with an elevation of serum IFN-γ levels. In sharp contrast, OVA-specific Th2 cell transfer resulted in an increase of serum IL-4 levels, but did not induce liver injury. Neither NK, NK T, nor CD8+ T cells were required for the Th1-induced liver injury. The liver injury was blocked by anti-IFN-γ mAb and anti-TNF-α mAb, but not by anti-Fas ligand mAb. The Fas/Fas ligand independency was also demonstrated using Fas-deficient lpr mice. These findings indicate that Th1 cells are the major effector cells in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishimura
- *Section of Genetic Engineering, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Cell Transplantation, and
- †Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Bohseidai, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akio Ohta
- *Section of Genetic Engineering, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Cell Transplantation, and
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Löhr HF, Gerken G, Roth M, Weyer S, Schlaak JF, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH. The cellular immune responses induced in the follow-up of interferon-alpha treated patients with chronic hepatitis C may determine the therapy outcome. J Hepatol 1998; 29:524-32. [PMID: 9824260 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(98)80146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To study whether the host's immune response determines viral clearance in chronic hepatitis C, virological markers and antigen-specific T cell reactions were analysed in 30 chronic HCV carriers followed up during interferon-alpha therapy, 11 untreated anti-HCV positive individuals and 10 healthy controls. METHODS Proliferative T helper cell responses to recombinant HCV core and non-structural antigens were monitored by 3H-thymidine uptake assay and compared to quantitative viraemia levels and HCV genotypes. RESULTS Of the 30 treated patients, six had sustained complete responses (20%), another six were transient therapy responders (20%) and 18 were non-responders (60%). Viral clearance was associated with the HCV genotype 3 and low pretreatment viral load. In a substantial proportion of complete and transient therapy responders, increased NS3-, helicase- and NS4-antigen-specific T cell responses were observed during interferon-alpha therapy. In non-responders and in the later clinical courses of transient therapy responders, core and NS5-specific T cell responses dominated. In addition, 11 untreated anti-HCV antibody positive individuals were studied. Two HCV-RNA negative patients who might have recovered from HCV infection showed strong persistent lymphoproliferative responses to NS3, helicase and NS4 antigens, whereas seven of the nine viraemic patients reacted with HCV core or NS5 antigens. CONCLUSIONS Interferon-alpha treatment enhances NS3-, helicase- and NS4-antigen-specific T helper cell responses in patients with viral clearance, whereas viral persistence was associated with increased T cell reactivities against core and NS5 antigens. Immunogenetical, immunological and virological factors that may influence differential T cell induction in chronic hepatitis C are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Löhr
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. loehr@.mail.zdv.uni-mainz.de
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