1
|
Yuan R, Li L, Hu W, Zhuang K, Zhang E, Yan Y, Feng L, Chen X, Cao Q, Ke H, Gui X, Yang R. Characteristics of refined lymphocyte subsets changes in people living with HIV/AIDS during antiretroviral therapy period: An observation from Wuhan, China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1089379. [PMID: 36845097 PMCID: PMC9948076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1089379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the changing characteristics of continuous monitoring of refined lymphocyte subsets in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) during ART period. Methods Refined lymphocyte subsets was continuously monitored using flow cytometry for 173 PLWHA, who were hospitalized in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from August 17, 2021 to September 14, 2022. The effect of ART status and duration of ART on changes of refined lymphocyte subsets were compared in different groups. Then, the levels of refined lymphocyte subsets in PLWHA treated for more than 10 years were compared to those of 1086 healthy individuals. Results In addition to conventional CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, gradually increasing in numbers of CD3+CD4+CD45RO cells, CD3+CD4+CD45RA cells, CD45RA+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low and CD45RO+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low cells were found with the increase of ART duration. The number of CD4+CD28+ cells and CD8+CD28+ cells were 174/ul and 233/ul at 6 months post-ART, which gradually increased to 616/ul and 461/ul after ART initiation more than 10 years. Moreover, in ART ≤ 6 months, 6 months-3years, 3-10 years and >10 years groups, the percentage of CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8 were 79.66%, 69.73%, 60.19% and 57.90%, respectively, and the differences between groups showed statistical significance (F=5.727, P=0.001). For those PLWHA with ART more than 10 years, the levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD3+CD4+CD45RO cells, CD3+CD4+CD45RA cells, CD4+CD28+ cells and CD8+CD28+ cells can increase to levels similar to those of healthy control. However, for those PLWHA with ART more than 10 years, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.86 ± 0.47, which was lower than that of healthy control (0.86 ± 0.47 vs 1.32 ± 0.59, t=3.611, P=0.003); absolute counts and percentage of CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ cells were 547/ul and 57.90%, which were higher than those of healthy control(547/ul vs 135/ul, t=3.612, P=0.003; 57.90% vs 22.38%, t=6.959, P<0.001). Conclusion Persistent ART can gradually improve the immune status of PLWHA, which is manifested in the increase of lymphocytes, function recovery of lymphocytes and reduction of aberrant activation status of the immune system. After 10 years of standardized ART, most lymphocytes could return to levels of healthy persons, although it may take longer to complete recovery for CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Animal Biosafety Shelter Laboratory (ABSL)‐III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hengning Ke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xien Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Rongrong Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves MAG, Soares EG, Donadi EA. The influence of human papillomavirus type and HIV status on the lymphomononuclear cell profile in patients with cervical intraepithelial lesions of different severity. Infect Agent Cancer 2009; 4:11. [PMID: 19689792 PMCID: PMC2736163 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological alterations are implicated in the increased prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HG-SIL) and persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study evaluated the expression of CD4, CD8, CD25 (IL-2Ralpha) and CD28 antigens from SIL biopsies, stratified by HIV status and HPV-type. Biopsies specimens from 82 (35 HIV+) women with a normal cervix, low-grade (LG-SIL) or high-grade lesions (HG-SIL) were studied. CD molecule expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and HPV detection/typing performed using PCR techniques. RESULTS CD4 stromal staining was increased in patients with HPV18. Women with HPV16 infection showed decreased: a) CD8 and CD25 stromal staining, b) CD25 staining in LG-SIL epithelium and in HG-SIL stroma. In HIV- women samples, CD28 epithelial staining and CD8 stromal staining surrounding metaplastic epithelium were less intense and even absent, as compared to HIV+ women. Both epithelial and stromal CD8 staining was more intense in the HG-SIL/HIV+ group than in the HG-SIL/HIV- group. Positive correlations were observed between CD4/CD25, CD4/CD28 and CD25/CD28 in the stroma and CD25/CD28 in the epithelium. CONCLUSION HIV status and HPV-type may influence the lymphomononuclear cell profile present in the spectrum of cervical lesions. The knowledge of the infiltrating cell profile in cervical tumours may help the development of specific anti-tumoural strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice G Gonçalves
- Division of Clinical Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi BS, Park YK, Lee JS. The CD28/HLA-DR expressions on CD4+T but not CD8+T cells are significant predictors for progression to AIDS. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 127:137-44. [PMID: 11882044 PMCID: PMC1906297 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes of CD28 and HLA-DR molecules on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during HIV infection, we classified 130 HIV-infected Koreans into four groups by the CD4 level as follows: group I (> or = 500 cells/mm3), group II (201-499 cells/mm3), group III (51-200 cells/mm3), and group IV (< or = 50 cells/mm3). In CD4+ T cells, the proportion of CD28 expression decreased significantly with the CD4 level while the proportion of HLA-DR expression increased gradually. In particular, the changes of HLA-DR expressions on CD4+ T cells were parallel to the loss of CD28 molecules from stage III to IV. However, the CD28 expression on CD8+ T cells decreased dramatically in the early stage of HIV infection, and the sum and pattern of CD28 and HLA-DR expressions on CD8+ T cells was stable after the first stage. Even though CD28 down-regulation on CD8+ T cells was very severe from the early stage of HIV infection, it might not influence the survival time of HIV-infected Koreans. The sum of the CD28+ subsets and HLA-DR subsets in each T cell was stable in all stages of disease progression. The sums of the CD28+ subsets and HLA-DR+ subsets in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were constant as approximately 100% and 55-60% of each T cell. These results suggested that the changes of CD28/HLA-DR expressions on CD4+ T cells were more predictable than those on CD8+ T cells in the evaluation of the disease progression during HIV-infected periods. However, we need further studies to understand why the sum of two molecules in each T cell are constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Sun Choi
- Centre for AIDS Research, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hertoghe T, Wajja A, Ntambi L, Okwera A, Aziz MA, Hirsch C, Johnson J, Toossi Z, Mugerwa R, Mugyenyi P, Colebunders R, Ellner J, Vanham G. T cell activation, apoptosis and cytokine dysregulation in the (co)pathogenesis of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:350-7. [PMID: 11122240 PMCID: PMC1905783 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune parameters were compared in four groups of Ugandan subjects: HIV-and HIV+ adult patients with active pulmonary TB (HIV- PTB n = 38; HIV+ PTB n = 28), patients with HIV infection only (n = 26) and PPD+ healthy controls (n = 25). Compared with healthy controls, CD4 and CD8 T cells from patients with HIV and/or PTB expressed more activation markers (HLA-DR, CD38); their CD8 T cells expressed more CD95 (pre-apoptosis) and less CD28 (co-stimulatory receptor). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with either HIV or PTB were impaired in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production upon antigenic stimulation. PTB (with or without HIV) was characterized by monocytosis, granulocytosis, increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 production and PPD-induced apoptosis. In vivo CD4 T cell depletion, in vitro increased spontaneous CD4 T cell apoptosis and defects in IFN-gamma responses upon mitogenic stimulation were restricted to HIV+ subjects (with or without PTB). Overlapping and distinctive immune alterations, associated with PTB and HIV, might explain mutual unfavourable influences of both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hertoghe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Antwerp and Department of Physiology and Pathology, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trimble LA, Shankar P, Patterson M, Daily JP, Lieberman J. Human immunodeficiency virus-specific circulating CD8 T lymphocytes have down-modulated CD3zeta and CD28, key signaling molecules for T-cell activation. J Virol 2000; 74:7320-30. [PMID: 10906185 PMCID: PMC112252 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.16.7320-7330.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2000] [Accepted: 05/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects without AIDS have a high frequency of HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes, cellular immunity is unable to control infection. Freshly isolated lymphocytes often do not lyse HIV-infected targets in 4-h cytotoxicity assays. A large fraction of circulating CD8 T cells from HIV-infected donors down-modulate CD3zeta, the signaling component of the T-cell receptor complex, which is reexpressed in vitro coincident with the return of cytotoxic function. To investigate further the link between CD3zeta down-modulation and possible CD8 T-cell functional defects, we used flow cytometry to characterize further the properties of the CD3zeta-down-modulated subset. HIV-specific CD8 T cells, identified by tetramer staining, are CD3zeta(-). CD8 T cells with down-modulated CD3zeta also do not express the key costimulatory receptor CD28 and have the cell surface phenotype of activated or memory T cells (HLA-DR(+) CD62L(-)). After T-cell activation, CD3zeta-down-modulated cells express the activation marker CD69 but not the high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor alpha-chain CD25 and produce gamma interferon but not IL-2. Therefore HIV-specific CD8 T cells have down-modulated key signaling molecules for T-cell activation and costimulation and require exogenous cytokine stimulation. The typical impairment of HIV-specific CD4 T helper cells, which would normally provide specific CD8 T-cell stimulation, means that in vivo CTL function in vivo is compromised in most HIV-infected individuals. In AIDS patients, the functional defect is more severe, since CD3zeta is not reexpressed even after IL-2 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Trimble
- The Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choremi-Papadopoulou H, Panagiotou N, Samouilidou E, Kontopidou F, Viglis V, Antoniadou A, Kosmidis J, Kordossis T. CD28 costimulation and CD28 expression in T lymphocyte subsets in HIV-1 infection with and without progression to AIDS. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 119:499-506. [PMID: 10691923 PMCID: PMC1905577 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a prospective study of 152 HIV-1 patients (with and without progression to AIDS) we examined CD28 MoAb costimulation and CD3 MoAb response using whole blood culture at baseline and up to either the time of AIDS diagnosis or the end of the observation period. CD28 antigen expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was also studied in both groups of patients. In patients who progressed to AIDS, CD28 MoAb costimulation was found to be decreased. Univariate time-dependent analysis showed that decreases in (i) absolute numbers of either CD4+, CD4+CD28+, CD8+CD28+ T cells, (ii) CD28 MoAb costimulation, and (iii) CD3 MoAb response, and an increase in CD8+CD28- %, are significant predictors for progression to AIDS. In addition, multivariate time-dependent analysis demonstrated that a decrease in CD28 MoAb costimulation (but not a decrease in CD3 MoAb response) was predictive for progression to AIDS, as were decreases in the percentage of CD4+ T cells and the absolute number of CD4+CD28+ T cells. Thus, CD28 MoAb costimulation can be considered a useful assay for monitoring HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, apart from the early increase in the percentage of CD8+CD28- T cells and an increase in the percentage of CD28- on CD8+ T cells in both groups of patients at baseline compared with normal controls, a negative correlation was found to exist between the percentages of CD4+ or CD4+CD28+ T cells and the percentage of CD8+CD28- T cells; this suggests that these cells are probably mutually regulated.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vanham G, Penne L, Devalck J, Kestens L, Colebunders R, Bosmans E, Thielemans K, Ceuppens JL. Decreased CD40 ligand induction in CD4 T cells and dysregulated IL-12 production during HIV infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 117:335-42. [PMID: 10444266 PMCID: PMC1905331 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During HIV infection various cytokines are overproduced in early stages, whereas in advanced disease cytokines of the T helper 1 type (e.g. interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) are selectively deficient. During antigenic stimulation, the production of type-1 cytokines is enhanced by IL-12, secreted by antigen-presenting cells (APC) after their interaction with activated CD4 T cells. Two factors are essential in this process: priming APC with IFN-gamma and triggering the CD40 receptor on APC by CD40 ligand (CD40L). In view of the importance of this pathway, we compared its regulation in HIV-infected and control subjects. After cross-linking of the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex, the proportional expression of CD40L was similar on CD4+ T cells from controls and from patients with high circulating CD4 T counts (> 500/microl), but CD40L up-regulation was significantly reduced in patients with more advanced disease. Simultaneous triggering of the costimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells through its natural ligand CD80 partly corrected the CD40L defect in patients with intermediate CD4 T counts (200-500), but not in AIDS patients. Early production of IFN-gamma was preserved in lymphocytes from HIV+ patients. The expression of CD40 on peripheral monocytes from HIV+ subjects was increased in a disease stage-related fashion. Stimulation of mononuclear cells through cell-bound CD40L and soluble IFN-gamma induced significantly higher IL-12 in cultures from patients with > 200 circulating CD4 T cells, whereas IL-12 production was marginally decreased in cultures from patients with < 200 CD4 T cells, compared with healthy control cultures. In conclusion, our data suggest that impaired CD40L induction on CD4 T cells contributes to deficient type-1 responses through decreased IL-12 production in AIDS infection, whereas enhanced CD40-mediated IL-12 production in less advanced stages might contribute to increased levels of various cytokines in early disease
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Vanham
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Institut of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bailer RT, Holloway A, Sun J, Margolick JB, Martin M, Kostman J, Montaner LJ. IL-13 and IFN-γ Secretion by Activated T Cells in HIV-1 Infection Associated with Viral Suppression and a Lack of Disease Progression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.12.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The immunopathology of HIV-1 infection includes immune defects in T cell cytokine secretion, resulting in decreased Ag-specific responses. In this report, IL-13 and IFN-γ were analyzed in progressive HIV-1 disease. Both cytokines exert positive effects on Ag presentation and inhibit HIV-1 infection of macrophages. Anti-CD3/anti-CD28-activated PBMC from HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 74) compared with uninfected subjects (n = 30) secreted significantly less IL-13 (median, 0.64 ng/ml vs 2.07 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and IFN-γ (median, 40.96 ng/ml vs 129.5 ng/ml; p < 0.005). Decreased IL-13 and IFN-γ secretion in HIV infection was present in sorted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, and additional analysis determined concurrent deficiency at the protein and transcriptional level. Longitudinal analysis showed that cytokine secretion levels correlated positively with CD4 count and negatively with plasma HIV-1 viral load. Patients changing to suppressive antiretroviral therapy during the study showed increases in IL-13 and IFN-γ secretion. Overall, results show a decline in IL-13 and IFN-γ secretion in progressive HIV-1 infection and suggest a role for both cytokines as part of T cell adaptive responses associated with a lack of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvy Holloway
- †Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV Trials, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Junwei Sun
- *Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Jay Kostman
- †Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV Trials, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brice GT, Mayne AE, Leighton K, Villinger F, Allan JS, Ansari AA. Studies of CD40L expression by lymphoid cells from experimentally and naturally SIV-infected nonhuman primate species. J Med Primatol 1999; 28:49-56. [PMID: 10431693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1999.tb00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of T lymphocytes is well documented in HIV-1-infected individuals; however, the mechanisms responsible for the noted dysfunction are not well understood. CD40L is an important costimulatory molecule that helps initiate immune responses, and there is controversy regarding whether or not expression of CD40L is compromised in HIV-1-infected individuals. We have utilized the SIV infection of experimentally infected (disease-susceptible) and naturally infected (disease-resistant) nonhuman primates as animal models of human AIDS to address this issue. Little is known concerning the expression of CD40L in nonhuman primates. Studies were conducted to determine the frequency, density, phenotype, and kinetics of CD40L expression by in vitro activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different species of uninfected and SIV-infected monkeys. Data obtained show marked differences in the density and phenotypic lineage that expresses CD40L in lymphoid cells from the three species examined. However, no detectable differences were noted in the frequency and density of CD40L expression by in vitro activated lymphoid cells from uninfected and SIV-infected disease-susceptible rhesus macaques and seropositive as compared to seronegative disease-resistant sooty mangabeys. These data suggest that phenotypic expression of CD40L is not compromised due to SIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Brice
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lewis DE, Ng Tang DS, Wang X, Kozinetz C. Costimulatory pathways mediate monocyte-dependent lymphocyte apoptosis in HIV. Clin Immunol 1999; 90:302-12. [PMID: 10075859 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1998.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Examination of annexin V binding, an indicator of early apoptosis, on lymphocytes from HIV+ people immediately after isolation showed that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were apoptotic, whereas B cell apoptosis was induced mainly after incubation. CD8(+) T cell apoptosis correlated with fewer CD4(+) T cells, but not the level of viremia. To determine potential mechanisms for apoptosis, we examined FasL expression, which was dramatically elevated on CD14(+) monocytes; however, antibody to FasL did not reproducibly inhibit apoptosis. Rather, CD8(+) T cell apoptosis was caused by antigen-presenting cells because removal of monocytes or addition of antibodies to CD80 and CD86 reduced apoptosis. B cell apoptosis also involved costimulatory signals delivered by T cells but not monocytes. A unique CD8(bright)CD28(dim) T cell population died after costimulation by monocytes. Because this population was increased in patients with undetectable viremia, abnormal antigen-presenting cells may contribute to continued CD8(+) T cell exhaustion by inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Messele T, Abdulkadir M, Fontanet AL, Petros B, Hamann D, Koot M, Roos MT, Schellekens PT, Miedema F, Rinke de Wit TF. Reduced naive and increased activated CD4 and CD8 cells in healthy adult Ethiopians compared with their Dutch counterparts. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 115:443-50. [PMID: 10193416 PMCID: PMC1905237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess possible differences in immune status, proportions and absolute numbers of subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were compared between HIV- healthy Ethiopians (n = 52) and HIV- Dutch (n = 60). Both proportions and absolute numbers of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found to be significantly reduced in HIV Ethiopians compared with HIV- Dutch subjects. Also, both proportions and absolute numbers of the effector CD8+ T cell population as well as the CD4+CD45RA-CD27- and CD8+CD45RA-CD27- T cell populations were increased in Ethiopians. Finally, both proportions and absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CD28 were significantly reduced in Ethiopians versus Dutch. In addition, the possible association between the described subsets and HIV status was studied by comparing the above 52 HIV- individuals with 32 HIV+ Ethiopians with CD4 counts > 200/microliter and/or no AIDS-defining conditions and 39 HIV+ Ethiopians with CD4 counts < 200/microliter or with AIDS-defining conditions. There was a gradual increase of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, a decrease of CD8+ T cells expressing CD28 and a decrease of effector CD8+ T cells when moving from HIV- to AIDS. Furthermore, a decrease of naive CD8+ T cells and an increase of memory CD8+ T cells in AIDS patients were observed. These results suggest a generally and persistently activated immune system in HIV- Ethiopians. The potential consequences of this are discussed, in relation to HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Messele
- Ethiopian-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP), Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacobsson B, Britton S, Törnevik Y, Eriksson S. Decrease in thymidylate kinase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected individuals. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 56:389-95. [PMID: 9744577 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides and nucleoside analogs are anabolised to their triphosphates by intracellular kinases. The anti-HIV analogue zidovudine (AZT) is phosphorylated by cytosolic thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), thymidylate kinase (dTMPK), and nucleoside diphosphate kinase. It is known that dTMPK is one of the rate-limiting steps in the activation of zidovudine. The activities of TK1, dTMPK, and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) were determined in extracts of in vitro activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients and healthy noninfected individuals. dTMPK activity was 10-fold lower and TK1 activity was five-fold lower in extracts from infected as compared to uninfected persons. Deoxycytidine kinase activities in the extracts from both groups were very similar. Differences in in vitro activation, as determined by flow cytometry, of the peripheral lymphocytes were not responsible for the decreased TK1 and dTMPK activities. A reduced level of intracellular azido-dideoxythymidinetriphosphate in activated mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients was also observed. The low levels of TK1 and dTMPK in lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients may be related to the anergy phenomenon observed as a result of HIV infection. This effect should also be considered in the development of new anti-HIV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Jacobsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sousa AE, Victorino RM. Single-cell analysis of lymphokine imbalance in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection: evidence for a major alteration within the CD8+ T cell subset. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 112:294-302. [PMID: 9649194 PMCID: PMC1904971 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated at single-cell level by flow cytometry the potential of T cell cytokine production in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects with > 200 CD4 counts and possible correlation with T helper cell depletion and viral load. Mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 HIV-1+ patients and 16 healthy subjects were intracytoplasmically stained for IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 or IL-10, and the frequency of cytokine-producing cells was assessed in total T cells, CD4, CD8 and CD45RO subsets as well as in CD69+CD3+ gated lymphocytes. HIV-1+ patients, irrespective of their degree of CD4 depletion, exhibited a major increase in IFN-gamma+ CD8 T cells, largely due to CD28- cells, as well as a decrease in the capacity of CD8 T cells to produce IL-2. Patients with > 500 CD4 counts showed a diminished frequency of IL-4 expression in CD4 T cells and a negative correlation was found between this parameter and the ex vivo CD4 counts in the 32 patients. Analysis of patients stratified according to viral load revealed a significantly higher proportion of IL-2-producing CD4 cells in the group with < 5000 RNA copies/ml. In short, using single-cell analysis and an antigen-presenting cell-independent stimulus, we have not been able to find any significant cytokine imbalances in the CD4 subset, suggesting that the well described T helper defects are not due to intrinsic alterations in the potential of CD4 T cells to produce cytokines. On the other hand, the major disturbances in the CD8 T lymphocytes agree with the marked activation and possible replicative senescence of CD8 T cells and emphasize the role of this subset in HIV immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, Cellular Immunology Unit (CEBIP) and University Hospital of Santa Maria, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smit-McBride Z, Mattapallil JJ, Villinger F, Ansari AA, Dandekar S. Intracellular cytokine expression in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from intestinal mucosa of simian immunodeficiency virus infected macaques. J Med Primatol 1998; 27:129-40. [PMID: 9747954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1998.tb00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Isolated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) from jejunum of SIV infected animals were examined for alterations in basal cytokine expression by RT-PCR. Remarkable changes in IFNgamma and IL-10 RNA levels were observed in IEL and LPL in SIV infection while IL-4 and IL-2 RNA levels remained unaltered. In addition, the CD4+ and CD8+ LPL were examined for intracellular cytokine production following mitogenic activation by flowcytometry. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa retained the potential to produce IFNgamma in response to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, without a remarkable change in IL-4 production. The dominant IFNgamma cytokine response could be one of the major contributing factors in SIV associated enteropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Smit-McBride
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vingerhoets J, Bisalinkumi E, Penne G, Colebunders R, Bosmans E, Kestens L, Vanham G. Altered receptor expression and decreased sensitivity of T-cells to the stimulatory cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-12 in HIV infection. Immunol Lett 1998; 61:53-61. [PMID: 9562375 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A dysregulated production of regulatory cytokines has been proposed as a determinant in the progression of HIV infection. The sensitivity of T-cells to these cytokines has, however, not fully been investigated. Therefore, the responses of PBMC and T-cell subsets to the stimulatory cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-12 in HIV-infected patients and HIV-negative controls were compared by examining their effect on the production of secondary cytokines (IFNgamma, IL-4 and IL-10), by simultaneous determination of T-cell activation and apoptosis and by measuring cytokine receptor expression. Production of IFNgamma was decreased in PBMC from the patients after stimulation with several combinations of stimulatory cytokines. IL-10 was only induced upon stimulation with IL-2 and IL-12 and tended to be produced more in patients. Expression of the different cytokine receptor chains showed complex alterations in HIV+ patients as compared to controls. The most pronounced changes were decreased expression of both IL-2Ralpha and IL-7Ralpha chain on CD8+ T-cells and an increase of IL-12Rbeta on both T-cell subsets from the patients. Evaluation of CD25 upregulation and blast formation revealed a deficient response to all three stimulatory cytokines in CD8+ but not in CD4+ T-cells from patients as compared to controls. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from the patients were less sensitive to the anti-apoptotic effect of IL-7 whereas only CD8+ T-cells were less sensitive to the anti-apoptotic effect of IL-2. The present data show that CD8+ T-cells, and to a lesser extent CD4+ T-cells, become less sensitive to IL-2, IL-7 and IL-12 during HIV infection. The decreased capacity of T-cells to respond to these cytokines could contribute to the HIV-related immune dysfunction.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- HIV Infections/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-7/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-12
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-7
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vingerhoets
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vingerhoets J, Dohlsten M, Penne G, Colebunders R, Sansom D, Bosmans E, Kestens L, Vanham G. Superantigen activation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells from HIV-infected subjects: role of costimulatory molecules and antigen-presenting cells (APC). Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 111:12-9. [PMID: 9472656 PMCID: PMC1904857 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) triggering via superantigens induces decreased proliferative responses and increased apoptosis in T cells from HIV-infected patients compared with controls. Our aim was to delineate the role of intrinsic T cell defects, of APC dysfunction and of cytokines and costimulatory signal dysregulation in the deficient responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV+ subjects to the superantigen Staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA). Proliferation and IL-2R alpha up-regulation on SEA-stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in whole blood were reduced in HIV+ subjects with CD4 counts < 500, compared with controls. Neither addition of IL-2, IL-12 or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) nor neutralization of endogenous IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) could restore the decreased activation by SEA. Possible intrinsic T cell defects were studied by presenting SEA on HLA-DR-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, co-expressing LFA3 and/or CD80, to purified T cells. In this system CD8+ T cells from most HIV+ patients were hyporesponsive with regard to IL-2 production, IL-2R alpha up-regulation and proliferation, whereas clearly reduced responses were only shown in CD4+ T cells from AIDS patients. Similarly, apoptosis was increased in CD8+ T cells from all patients, but only in CD4+ T cells from AIDS patients. During HIV infection, the responses to TCR triggering through SEA are deficient in both T cell subsets. The intrinsic defect appears earlier during disease progression in purified CD8+ T than in CD4+ T cells, it occurs in conjunction with both CD2 and CD28 costimulation, and it is correlated with increased levels of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vingerhoets
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Immunology, Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|