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Gujral J, Kidd BA, Becker C, Golden E, Lee HC, Kim-Schulze S, Yau M, Dudley J, Rapaport R. Acute Effects of Growth Hormone on the Cellular Immunologic Landscape in Pediatric Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e57383. [PMID: 38566781 PMCID: PMC10984134 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH) and the immune system have multiple bidirectional interactions. Data about the acute effects of GH on the immune system are lacking. The objective of our study was to evaluate the acute effects of GH on the immune system using time-of-flight mass cytometry. METHODS This was a prospective study of pediatric patients who were being evaluated for short stature and underwent a GH stimulation test at a tertiary care center. Blood samples for immunologic markers, i.e., complete blood count (CBC) and time of flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), were collected at baseline (T0) and over the course of three hours (T3) of the test. Differences in immune profiling in patients by timepoint (T0, T3) and GH response (growth hormone sufficient (GHS) versus growth hormone deficient (GHD)) were calculated using a two-way ANOVA test. Results: A total of 54 patients (39 boys and 15 girls) aged five to 18 years were recruited. Twenty-two participants tested GHD (peak GH <10 ng/ml). The CyTOF analysis showed a significant increase from T0 to T3 in granulocyte percentage, monocyte count, and dendritic cell (DC) count; in contrast, a significant decrease was seen in T lymphocytes (helper and cytotoxic) and IgD+ B lymphocytes. The CBC analysis supported these findings: an increase in total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and neutrophil percentage; a decrease in absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, absolute eosinophil count, and absolute monocyte count. No significant differences were found between CBC/CyTOF measurements and GH status at either time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first high-resolution map of acute changes in the immune system with GH stimulation. This implies a key role for GH in immunomodulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Gujral
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Brian A Kidd
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christine Becker
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Eddye Golden
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Hao-Chih Lee
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Mabel Yau
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Joel Dudley
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Schilloks MC, Giese IM, Hinrichs A, Korbonits L, Hauck SM, Wolf E, Deeg CA. Effects of GHR Deficiency and Juvenile Hypoglycemia on Immune Cells of a Porcine Model for Laron Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040597. [PMID: 37189345 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laron syndrome (LS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and high levels of growth hormone (GH) due to mutations in the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR). A GHR-knockout (GHR-KO) pig was developed as a model for LS, which displays many of the same features as humans with LS-like transient juvenile hypoglycemia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of impaired GHR signaling on immune functions and immunometabolism in GHR-KO pigs. GHR are located on various cell types of the immune system. Therefore, we investigated lymphocyte subsets, proliferative and respiratory capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), proteome profiles of CD4− and CD4+ lymphocytes and IFN-α serum levels between wild-type (WT) controls and GHR-KO pigs, which revealed significant differences in the relative proportion of the CD4+CD8α− subpopulation and in IFN-α levels. We detected no significant difference in the respiratory capacity and the capacity for polyclonal stimulation in PBMCs between the two groups. But proteome analysis of CD4+ and CD4− lymphocyte populations revealed multiple significant protein abundance differences between GHR-KO and WT pigs, involving pathways related to amino acid metabolism, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, insulin secretion signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation. This study highlights the potential use of GHR-KO pigs as a model for studying the effects of impaired GHR signaling on immune functions.
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Weischendorff S, Sengeløv H, Juul A, Nielsen CH, Ryder LP, Kielsen K, Müller K. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3: impact on early haematopoietic reconstitution following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol 2021; 108:190-198. [PMID: 34741538 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate whether high endogenous levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were related to a faster reconstitution of different blood cell populations in the early phase after allogeneic myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS We measured IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 by chemiluminescence during the first three weeks after transplantation in 35 adult patients undergoing myeloablative HSCT and calculated area under the curve divided by time (AUC/t) for each patient. RESULTS Circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 correlated with counts of reticulocytes (rs = 0.44, p = .011 and r = 0.41, p = .017, respectively) and thrombocytes (rs = 0.38, p = .030 and rs = 0.56, p = .0008) three weeks post-transplant. Furthermore, high IGFBP-3 levels correlated with absolute lymphocyte counts 3 weeks post-HSCT (rs = 0.54, p = .012) and were associated with shorter time to neutrophil engraftment (rs = -0.35, p = .043). Both IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were associated with the number of circulating natural killer cells one month after HSCT (rs = 0.42, p = .032 and rs = 0.57, p = .0026). CONCLUSION These data indicate that high levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 relate to a faster haematopoietic reconstitution after HSCT and suggest a biological influence of these mediators in haematopoietic homeostasis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weischendorff
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengeløv
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars P Ryder
- The Tissue Typing Laboratory, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Kielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Müller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kojima-Ishii K, Toda N, Okubo K, Tocan V, Ohyama N, Makimura M, Matsuo T, Ochiai M, Ohga S, Ihara K. Metabolic and immunological assessment of small-for-gestational-age children during one-year treatment with growth hormone: the clinical impact of apolipoproteins. Endocr J 2018; 65:449-459. [PMID: 29459555 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at a higher risk for metabolic disorders later in life. In this study, we aimed to characterize young SGA children without catch-up growth and evaluate the effects of GH treatment on endocrinological, metabolic, and immunological parameters. Study design is a one-year single hospital-based study included prospective observation of SGA patients during 12 months of GH treatment. Clinical and laboratory profiles of SGA children at baseline were compared with controls born appropriate size for age. Twenty-six SGA children (median age, 3.4 years) and 26 control children (median age, 3.8 years) were enrolled. Anthropometric, hematologic, biochemical, immunological, and endocrinological parameters were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the start of GH treatment. As a result, median height SD score (SDS) of SGA children increased by +0.42 with 12-month GH treatment. Body mass index SDS was lower in SGA children than in controls. Serum apolipoprotein A1 increased, whereas apolipoprotein B decreased during GH treatment. Serum leptin and resistin levels, which were lower in SGA children than in controls at baseline, did not change remarkably with GH treatment. Monocyte counts, which were lower in SGA patients at baseline, increased after GH treatment. Neutrophil counts significantly increased after GH treatment. Natural killer cell ratios, which were higher in SGA patients, decreased after GH treatment. In conclusion, there was no evidence suggesting metabolic abnormalities in SGA children. Serum apolipoprotein changes might predict the beneficial role of GH treatment in lowering cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kojima-Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Toda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Vlad Tocan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriko Ohyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mika Makimura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kokura Medical Center, Fukuoka 802-0077, Japan
| | - Terumichi Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ochiai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Esposito A, Capalbo D, De Martino L, Rezzuto M, Di Mase R, Pignata C, Salerno M. Long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on hematopoiesis in a large cohort of children with GH deficiency. Endocrine 2016; 53:192-8. [PMID: 26511947 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our prospective case-control study was to evaluate long-term effects of GH replacement therapy on erythrocytes parameters, leukocytes, and platelets numbers in a large cohort of children with isolated GH deficiency (GHD). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red cell distribution width, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were evaluated in 85 children with isolated GHD (10.20 ± 3.50 years) before and annually during the first 5 years of GH replacement therapy and in 85 healthy children age and sex comparable to patients during 5 years of follow-up. Compared with controls, GHD children at study entry showed lower Hb (-1.18 ± 0.87 vs. -0.40 ± 0.90 SDS, p < 0.0001), red cells number (-0.24 ± 0.81 vs. 0.25 ± 1.14 SDS, p < 0.0001), and Hct (-1.18 ± 0.86 vs. -0.68 ± 0.99 SDS, p < 0.0001). Twelve GHD patients (14 %) showed a normocytic anemia. GH therapy was associated with a significant increase in Hb, Hct, and red cells number which became all comparable to controls within the first 2 years of treatment. Moreover, hemoglobin levels normalized in all anemic GHD patients after 5 years of therapy. No difference between patients and controls was found in leukocytes and platelets numbers neither at baseline nor during the study. GHD in childhood is associated with an impairment of erythropoiesis which causes a normocytic anemia in a considerable percentage of patients. GH replacement therapy exerts a beneficial effect leading to a significant increase of erythrocytes parameters and recovery from anemia. Neither GHD nor GH replacement treatment exerts effects on leukocytes or platelets numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Esposito
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Capalbo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia De Martino
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Rezzuto
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Mase
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Pediatric Immunology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Gong Z, Kennedy O, Sun H, Wu Y, Williams GA, Klein L, Cardoso L, Matheny RW, Hubbard GB, Ikeno Y, Farrar RP, Schaffler MB, Adamo ML, Muzumdar RH, Yakar S. Reductions in serum IGF-1 during aging impair health span. Aging Cell 2014; 13:408-18. [PMID: 24341939 PMCID: PMC4326899 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In lower or simple species, such as worms and flies, disruption of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and the insulin signaling pathways has been shown to increase lifespan. In rodents, however, growth hormone (GH) regulates IGF-1 levels in serum and tissues and can modulate lifespan via/or independent of IGF-1. Rodent models, where the GH/IGF-1 axis was ablated congenitally, show increased lifespan. However, in contrast to rodents where serum IGF-1 levels are high throughout life, in humans, serum IGF-1 peaks during puberty and declines thereafter during aging. Thus, animal models with congenital disruption of the GH/IGF-1 axis are unable to clearly distinguish between developmental and age-related effects of GH/IGF-1 on health. To overcome this caveat, we developed an inducible liver IGF-1-deficient (iLID) mouse that allows temporal control of serum IGF-1. Deletion of liver Igf -1 gene at one year of age reduced serum IGF-1 by 70% and dramatically impaired health span of the iLID mice. Reductions in serum IGF-1 were coupled with increased GH levels and increased basal STAT5B phosphorylation in livers of iLID mice. These changes were associated with increased liver weight, increased liver inflammation, increased oxidative stress in liver and muscle, and increased incidence of hepatic tumors. Lastly, despite elevations in serum GH, low levels of serum IGF-1 from 1 year of age compromised skeletal integrity and accelerated bone loss. We conclude that an intact GH/IGF-1 axis is essential to maintain health span and that elevated GH, even late in life, associates with increased pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York 10461USA
| | - Oran Kennedy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases NY NY 10003USA
| | - Hui Sun
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York NY 10010USA
| | - YingJie Wu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York NY 10010USA
| | - Garry A Williams
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York NY 10010USA
| | - Laura Klein
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York 10461USA
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The City College of New York New York NY 10031USA
| | - Ronald W. Matheny
- Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX 782297USA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Gene B. Hubbard
- Department of Pathology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX 78229USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Pathology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX 78229USA
| | - Roger P. Farrar
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712USA
| | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The City College of New York New York NY 10031USA
| | - Martin L Adamo
- Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX 782297USA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York 10461USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York NY 10010USA
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Assessment of immune function after short-term administration of recombinant human growth hormone in healthy young males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:1307-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morrhaye G, Kermani H, Legros JJ, Baron F, Beguin Y, Moutschen M, Cheynier R, Martens HJ, Geenen V. Impact of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and GH replacement upon thymus function in adult patients. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5668. [PMID: 19479077 PMCID: PMC2682582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite age-related adipose involution, T cell generation in the thymus (thymopoiesis) is maintained beyond puberty in adults. In rodents, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and GH secretagogues reverse age-related changes in thymus cytoarchitecture and increase thymopoiesis. GH administration also enhances thymic mass and function in HIV-infected patients. Until now, thymic function has not been investigated in adult GH deficiency (AGHD). The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate thymic function in AGHD, as well as the repercussion upon thymopoiesis of GH treatment for restoration of GH/IGF-1 physiological levels. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Twenty-two patients with documented AGHD were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were measured: plasma IGF-1 concentrations, signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTREC) frequency, and sj/beta TREC ratio. Analyses were performed at three time points: firstly on GH treatment at maintenance dose, secondly one month after GH withdrawal, and thirdly one month after GH resumption. After 1-month interruption of GH treatment, both plasma IGF-1 concentrations and sjTREC frequency were decreased (p<0.001). Decreases in IGF-1 and sjTREC levels were correlated (r = 0.61, p<0.01). There was also a decrease in intrathymic T cell proliferation as indicated by the reduced sj/beta TREC ratio (p<0.01). One month after reintroduction of GH treatment, IGF-1 concentration and sjTREC frequency regained a level equivalent to the one before GH withdrawal. The sj/beta TREC ratio also increased with GH resumption, but did not return to the level measured before GH withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AGHD under GH treatment, GH withdrawal decreases thymic T cell output, as well as intrathymic T cell proliferation. These parameters of thymus function are completely or partially restored one month after GH resumption. These data indicate that the functional integrity of the somatotrope GH/IGF-1 axis is important for the maintenance of a normal thymus function in human adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NTC00601419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morrhaye
- University of Liege Center of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Hamid Kermani
- University of Liege Center of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Legros
- University of Liege Center of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Frederic Baron
- University of Liege, Division of Hematology, CHU-B35, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- University of Liege, Division of Hematology, CHU-B35, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- University of Liege, Division of Immunodeficiencies and Infectious Diseases, CHU-B35, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Remi Cheynier
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Henri J. Martens
- University of Liege Center of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Vincent Geenen
- University of Liege Center of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Schmitz D, Kobbe P, Lendemanns S, Wilsenack K, Exton M, Schedlowski M, Oberbeck R. Survival and cellular immune functions in septic mice treated with growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:245-252. [PMID: 18023601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH was used to counteract the catabolic metabolism in critically ill patients until it was demonstrated that administration of GH was associated with an increased morbidity due to uncontrolled infections and sepsis. The immunomodulatory effect of GH and its main mediator IGF-I during systemic inflammation remain to be established. We therefore investigated the effect of GH and IGF-I on cellular immune functions in a murine model of sepsis. DESIGN Randomized animal study. Septic mice were treated with either saline, GH (1mg/kg/24h s.c.), IGF-I (4mg/kg/24h), or GH in combination with IGF-I over a 48h period. SETTING Level 1 trauma center, university research laboratory. OBJECTS Male NMRI mice. MEASUREMENTS clinical parameters (survival rate, body weight, body temperature, fluid intake, food intake, blood glucose levels) and cellular immune functions (splenocyte proliferation by using a (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay, splenocyte apoptosis by determination of Annexin V binding capacity, splenocyte IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha release by using ELISA, and distribution of circulating immune cell subsets by FACScan). RESULTS Administration of GH did not affect clinical parameters or cellular immune functions in septic mice. In contrast, treatment with IGF-I alone or in combination with GH improved splenocyte proliferation and increased the ability of splenocytes to release IL-2 and IL-6 without affecting the survival rate or any other clinical parameter determined. CONCLUSION GH did not affect cellular immune functions or the survival rate in our murine sepsis model. In contrast, IGF-I improved splenocyte proliferation and cytokine release independently of GH but did not affect the determined clinical parameters of septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmitz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immunity described as immunosenescence. This is paralleled by a decline in the production of several hormones, as typically illustrated by the menopausal loss of ovarian oestrogen production. However, other hormonal changes that occur with aging and that potentially impact on immune function include the release of the pineal gland hormone melatonin and pituitary growth hormone, adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone and tissue-specific availability of active vitamin D. It remains to be established whether hormonal changes with aging actually contribute to immunosenescence and this area is at the interface of fact and fiction, clearly inviting systematic research efforts. As a step in this direction, the present review summarizes established facts on the physiology of secretion and function of hormones that, in most cases, decline with aging and that are likely to affect the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Arlt
- Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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