1
|
Srinivasan S, Zhu C, McShan AC. Structure, function, and immunomodulation of the CD8 co-receptor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412513. [PMID: 39253084 PMCID: PMC11381289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Expressed on the surface of CD8+ T cells, the CD8 co-receptor is a key component of the T cells that contributes to antigen recognition, immune cell maturation, and immune cell signaling. While CD8 is widely recognized as a co-stimulatory molecule for conventional CD8+ αβ T cells, recent reports highlight its multifaceted role in both adaptive and innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss the utility of CD8 in relation to its immunomodulatory properties. We outline the unique structure and function of different CD8 domains (ectodomain, hinge, transmembrane, cytoplasmic tail) in the context of the distinct properties of CD8αα homodimers and CD8αβ heterodimers. We discuss CD8 features commonly used to construct chimeric antigen receptors for immunotherapy. We describe the molecular interactions of CD8 with classical MHC-I, non-classical MHCs, and Lck partners involved in T cell signaling. Engineered and naturally occurring CD8 mutations that alter immune responses are discussed. The applications of anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies (mABs) that target CD8 are summarized. Finally, we examine the unique structure and function of several CD8/mAB complexes. Collectively, these findings reveal the promising immunomodulatory properties of CD8 and CD8 binding partners, not only to uncover basic immune system function, but to advance efforts towards translational research for targeted immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyaa Srinivasan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrew C McShan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang B, Li H, Jiang Q, Li Y, Jiang Z, Cao H, Wang S, Wang X, Li J, Li G. Elevated type I IFN signalling directly affects CD8 + T-cell distribution and autoantigen recognition of the skeletal muscles in active JDM patients. J Autoimmun 2024; 146:103232. [PMID: 38692172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The link between type I IFN and adaptive immunity, especially T-cell immunity, in JDM still remained largely unclear. This study aimed to understand the effect of elevated type I IFN signaling on CD8+ T cell-associated muscle damage in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). This study used flow cytometry (FC) and RT‒PCR were used to examine the circulating cell ratio and type I IFN response. And scRNA-seq was used to examine peripheral immunity in 6 active JDM patients, 3 stable JDM patients, 3 juvenile IMNM patients and 3 age-matched healthy children. In vivo validation experiments were conducted using a mouse model induced by STING agonists and an experimental autoimmune myositis model (EAM). In vitro experiments were conducted using isolated CD8+ T-cells from JDM patients and mice. We found that active JDM patients showed an extensive type I IFN response and a decreased CD8+ T-cell ratio in the periphery (P < 0.05), which was correlated with muscle involvement (P < 0.05). Both new active JDM patients and all active JDM patients showed decreased CD8+ TCM cell ratios compared with age and gender matched stable JDM patients (P < 0.05). Compared with new pediatirc systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, new active JDM patients displayed decreased CD8+ T-cell and CD8+ TCM cell ratios (P < 0.05). Active JDM patient skeletal muscle biopsies displayed an elevated type I IFN response, upregulated MHC-I expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, which was validated in EAM mice. sc-RNAseq demonstrated that type I IFN signalling is the kinetic factor of abnormal differentiation and enhances the cytotoxicity of peripheral CD8+ T cells in active JDM patients, which was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro validation experiments. In summary, the elevated type I IFN signalling affected the differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells in active JDM patients. Skeletal muscle-infiltrating CD8+ T cells might migrate from the periphery under the drive of type I IFN and increased MHC I signals. Therapies targeting autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells may represent a potential new treatment direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Huang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery on Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xinluan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pukoli D, Vécsei L. Smouldering Lesion in MS: Microglia, Lymphocytes and Pathobiochemical Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12631. [PMID: 37628811 PMCID: PMC10454160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Immune cell infiltration can lead to permanent activation of macrophages and microglia in the parenchyma, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. Thus, neurodegeneration that begins with acute lymphocytic inflammation may progress to chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to underlie the development of so-called smouldering lesions. These lesions evolve from acute inflammatory lesions and are associated with continuous low-grade demyelination and neurodegeneration over many years. Their presence is associated with poor disease prognosis and promotes the transition to progressive MS, which may later manifest clinically as progressive MS when neurodegeneration exceeds the upper limit of functional compensation. In smouldering lesions, in the presence of only moderate inflammatory activity, a toxic environment is clearly identifiable and contributes to the progressive degeneration of neurons, axons, and oligodendrocytes and, thus, to clinical disease progression. In addition to the cells of the immune system, the development of oxidative stress in MS lesions, mitochondrial damage, and hypoxia caused by the resulting energy deficit and iron accumulation are thought to play a role in this process. In addition to classical immune mediators, this chronic toxic environment contains high concentrations of oxidants and iron ions, as well as the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. In this review, we will discuss how these pathobiochemical markers and mechanisms, alone or in combination, lead to neuronal, axonal, and glial cell death and ultimately to the process of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and then discuss the concepts and conclusions that emerge from these findings. Understanding the role of these pathobiochemical markers would be important to gain a better insight into the relationship between the clinical classification and the pathomechanism of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Pukoli
- Department of Neurology, Esztergomi Vaszary Kolos Hospital, 2500 Esztergom, Hungary;
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Freeman JJ, Yorkgitis BK, Haines K, Koganti D, Patel N, Maine R, Chiu W, Tran TL, Como JJ, Kasotakis G. Vaccination after spleen embolization: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Injury 2022; 53:3569-3574. [PMID: 36038390 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angioembolization is an important adjunct in the non-operative management of adult trauma patients with splenic injury. Multiple studies have shown that angioembolization may increase the non-operative splenic salvage rate for patients with high-grade splenic injuries. We performed a systematic review and developed evidence-based recommendations regarding the need for post-splenectomy vaccinations after splenic embolization in trauma patients. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available evidence were performed utilizing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS Nine studies were identified and analyzed. A total of 240 embolization patients were compared to 443 control patients who neither underwent splenectomy nor were embolized. There was no statistical difference between the splenic immune function of embolized and control patients. In addition, a total of 3974 splenectomy patients was compared with 686 embolization patients. Embolization patients had fewer infectious complications and a greater degree of preserved splenic immune function. CONCLUSION In adult trauma patients who have undergone splenic angioembolization, we conditionally recommend against routine post-splenectomy vaccinations. STUDY TYPE systematic review/meta-analysis Level of evidence: level III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian K Yorkgitis
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL.
| | - Krista Haines
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | | | - Nimitt Patel
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Rebecca Maine
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Chiu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | | | - John J Como
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
| | - George Kasotakis
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sadeqi Nezhad M, Seifalian A, Bagheri N, Yaghoubi S, Karimi MH, Adbollahpour-Alitappeh M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Based Therapy as a Potential Approach in Autoimmune Diseases: How Close Are We to the Treatment? Front Immunol 2020; 11:603237. [PMID: 33324420 PMCID: PMC7727445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant breakthroughs in understanding of immunological and physiological features of autoimmune diseases, there is currently no specific therapeutic option with prolonged remission. Cell-based therapy using engineered-T cells has attracted tremendous attention as a practical treatment for autoimmune diseases. Genetically modified-T cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) attack autoreactive immune cells such as B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells. CARs can further guide the effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the autoimmune milieu to traffic, proliferate, and exert suppressive functions. The genetically modified-T cells with artificial receptors are a promising option to suppress autoimmune manifestation and autoinflammatory events. Interestingly, CAR-T cells are modified to a new chimeric auto-antibody receptor T (CAAR-T) cell. This cell, with its specific-antigen, recognizes and binds to the target autoantibodies expressing autoreactive cells and, subsequently, destroy them. Preclinical studies of CAR-T cells demonstrated satisfactory outcomes against autoimmune diseases. However, the lack of target autoantigens remains one of the pivotal problems in the field of CAR-T cells. CAR-based therapy has to pass several hurdles, including stability, durability, trafficking, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, and persistence, to enter clinical use. The primary goal of this review was to shed light on CAR-T immunotherapy, CAAR-T cell therapy, and CAR-Treg cell therapy in patients with immune system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadeqi Nezhad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Young Researchers and Elites Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sajad Yaghoubi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertolini M, McElwee K, Gilhar A, Bulfone‐Paus S, Paus R. Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:703-725. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin McElwee
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Laboratory for Skin Research Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In early life, our immune system has the characteristics of tolerance to alloantigens. During this period, our adaptive immunity is not at rest. On the contrary, it is polarized so as to promote the activation of Th2-type T cell response at the expense of cytotoxic Th1- or Th17-type responses. This may explain the vulnerability of infants to aggression by pathogens, their increased sensitivity to develop allergic diseases or their poor responses to some vaccines. Exposure to environmental factors will modify that neonatal tolerance due to its control by other actors and will thus have potential repercussions on the subsequent onset of allergies or autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Flamand
- Institut d'immunologie médicale, Université libre de Bruxelles, 8, rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgique
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Correia MP, Costa AV, Uhrberg M, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. IL-15 induces CD8+ T cells to acquire functional NK receptors capable of modulating cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Immunobiology 2010; 216:604-12. [PMID: 20956026 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last years several authors have described a small population of CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors (NKRs). Although their origin remains largely unknown, we have recently demonstrated that IL-15 is capable of inducing NKR expression in purified human CD8+CD56- T cells. In this study we show that IL-15-driven NKR induction in CD8+ T cells was linked with CD56 de novo acquisition, consistent with an effector-memory phenotype, increased anti-apoptotic levels, high granzyme B/perforin expression and with the ability of displaying in vitro NK-like cytotoxicity. Interestingly, dissection of NKR functional outcome in IL-15-cultured CD8+ T cells revealed: (i) that NKG2D cross-linking was able per se to upregulate degranulation levels and (ii) that KIR and NKG2A cross-linking upregulated secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10. These results suggest that IL-15 is capable of differentiating CD8+ T cells into NK-like T cells displaying a regulatory phenotype.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang B, Jiao Z, Shao X, Lu L, Yang N, Zhou X, Xin L, Zhou Y, Chou KY. Phenotypic Alterations of Dendritic Cells Are Involved in Suppressive Activity of Trichosanthin-Induced CD8+CD28− Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:79-88. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
McPherson M, Wei B, Turovskaya O, Fujiwara D, Brewer S, Braun J. Colitis immunoregulation by CD8+ T cell requires T cell cytotoxicity and B cell peptide antigen presentation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G485-92. [PMID: 18617557 PMCID: PMC2536787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90221.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Deficient immunoregulation by CD4+ T cells is an important susceptibility trait for inflammatory bowel disease, but the role of other regulatory cell types is less understood. This study addresses the role and mechanistic interaction of B cells and CD8+ T cells in controlling immune-mediated colitis. The genetic requirements for B cells and CD8+ T cells to confer protective immunoregulation were assessed by cotransfer with colitogenic Galphai2-/- T cells into immune-deficient mice. Disease activity in Galphai2-/- T cell recipients was evaluated by CD4+ T intestinal lymphocyte abundance, cytokine production levels, and large intestine histology. B cells deficient in B7.1/B7.2, CD40, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II (Abb), or native B cell antigen receptor (MD4) were competent for colitis protection. However, transporter-1-deficient B cells failed to protect, indicating a requirement for peptide MHC I presentation to CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells deficient in native T cell receptor repertoire (OT-1) or cytolysis (perforin-/-) also were nonprotective. These finding reveal an integrated role for antigen-specific perforin-dependent CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in colitis immunoregulatory and its efficient induction by a subset of mesenteric B lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael McPherson
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Bo Wei
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Olga Turovskaya
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Daisuke Fujiwara
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Sarah Brewer
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou H, Jiao Z, Pan J, Hong J, Tao J, Li N, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Chou KY. Immune suppression via IL-4/IL-10-secreting T cells: A nontoxic property of anti-HIV agent Trichosanthin. Clin Immunol 2007; 122:312-22. [PMID: 17182284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity of Trichosanthin (Tk) has been attributed to its toxicity since this plant protein was used as an anti-HIV agent. However, in this study strong inhibition of human lymphoproliferation to soluble and allogeneic antigens was induced by Tk at 0.005-0.5 microg/ml without causing cell damages including apoptosis. The suppression was dependent on the presence of monocytes that are able to internalize and process Tk molecules as exogenous antigens. Among 39 Tk-primed T cell lines established, those with strong suppressive activity were CD8(+) TCRalphabeta(+) with type 2 cytokine secretion profile. Depletion of CD8 cells from total T cells or blocking expression of HLA-DQ molecules diminished Tk's inhibitory activity. In addition, healthy subjects with HLA haplotype DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 were susceptible to the hyporeaction induced by Tk or a Tk-derived peptide. This indicates that Tk could induce an HLA-associated immune suppression via activating IL-4/IL-10-secreting T cells, which might belong to CD8 Tc2 subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Lavareille A, Prigogine C, Paulart F, Nagy N, Habran C, Haddou NO, Le Moine A, Salmon I, Goldman M, Flamand V. Regulatory Role of Host CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Experimental Graft-versus-Host Disease across a Single Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Incompatibility. Transplantation 2005; 80:1293-9. [PMID: 16314798 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000178380.85521.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells are known to regulate type 2 helper T cell (Th2) alloreactive immune responses but their mode of activation is unclear. We investigated the role of host CD8+ T cells in experimental Th2-type graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) where donor/recipient disparity is restricted to a single major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen. METHODS Immunoglobulin (Ig) E serum levels, eosinophilia and lymphoid tissue hyperplasia were compared after injection of bm12 CD4+ T cells in either wild-type or CD8+ T cell-deficient (CD8-/-) C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, we explored effects of the addition of CD8+ T cells from wild-type or IFN-gamma-/- mice in mixed leukocyte cultures prepared with beta2 microglobulin-deficient (beta2m-/-) CD4+ T cells as responders or beta2m dendritic cells as stimulators. RESULTS HyperIgE resolved after 3 weeks in wild-type hosts whereas it persisted for 6 weeks in CD8-/- hosts. Eosinophil infiltrates in lymph nodes were significantly enhanced in CD8-/- hosts. Increased serum levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in CD8-/- hosts confirmed the enhancement of Th2-type responses in the context of recipient CD8+ T cell deficiency. Hyperplasia of lymph nodes and spleen were similar in both groups, as well as in vivo proliferation of donor CD4+ T cells. In vitro, CD8+ T cell regulation of the alloreactive Th2 response depended on their production of IFN-gamma and did not require expression of beta2m on CD4+ T cells or antigen-presenting cells. CONCLUSIONS Host CD8+ T cells regulate alloreactive Th2 responses during graft-versus-host disease through an IFN-gamma dependent pathway, independently of the recognition of beta2m-associated MHC class I molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore de Lavareille
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ediger D, Sin BA, Heper A, Anadolu Y, Misirligil Z. Airway inflammation in nasal polyposis: immunopathological aspects of relation to asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:319-26. [PMID: 15784110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which is often coexist with asthma. However, the pathogenesis of especially in patients with NP is still a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE To better understand the immunopathologic mechanism involved in this relationship, we investigated the inflammatory cell profiles in bronchial and nasal tissues of patients with NP alone and with concomitant asthma. METHODS Seventeen patients with NP (six male, 11 female, age range: 19-63, mean age: 38.29+/-13.27 years) were selected for the study. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence of asthma or bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). NP without BHR (Group 1) (n=8), NP and asthma or BHR (Group 2) (n=9). All patients underwent atopy evaluation including detailed history, skin prick test (SPT), total and specific IgE determination in sera. None of the subjects had taken inhaled, nasal or oral corticosteroids for at least 1 month before the study. Respiratory symptoms of asthmatic patients were controlled with only short acting beta(2)-agonist inhaler drugs as needed. NP tissue, nasal and bronchial mucosa biopsies were taken from all patients using fiberoptic endoscopy. CD3, CD8, CD16, CD68, AA1 (mast cell tryptase), human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) expressing cells in specimens were determined by immunohistochemical methods. Positively staining inflammatory cell types were counted. Subepithelial lamina propria and periglandular areas were separately evaluated. RESULTS No significant difference was found in polyp tissue, nasal and bronchial CD3(+), CD8(+), CD16(+), CD68(+), AA1(+), HLA-DR(+) and EPO(+) positive cells between groups. There were significantly higher numbers of CD8(+), CD16(+), HLA-DR(+), EPO(+) cells in the polyp tissue and nasal mucosa vs. the bronchial mucosa in all groups (P<0.05). However, CD8(+) cells were significantly increased in the polyp tissue and bronchial mucosa of patients with NP alone when compared with the patients with both asthma and NP (P<0.05). CD3(+), CD68(+) and CD16(+) cell counts were tended to be higher within the nasal polyp tissue of patients with isolated NP compared with counts within nasal and bronchial mucosa of patients with NP and asthma. Also, patients with isolated NP showed more HLA-DR(+) cells in the nasal polyp tissue and nasal mucosa than those of patients with NP and asthma. Immunoreactivity for EPO(+) eosinophils within the nasal and bronchial mucosa was more prominent in patients with NP and asthma compared with patients with NP alone. The number of EPO(+) eosinophils within the polyp tissue, nasal and bronchial mucosa was higher in the skin prick test negative (SPT -ve) group than the SPT positive (SPT +ve) ones. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that infiltration of inflammatory cells in the nasal and the lower airways do not remarkably differ between patients with NP alone who has no evidence of BHR and asthmatic patients with NP. However, patients with SPT-ve NP reveal more intense eosinophilic inflammation in the entire respiratory mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ediger
- Department of Allergic Diseases, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Racca A, Bailat A, García MI, Soutullo A, Gaite L, Malan Borel I. Participation of RANTES and T-Cell Apoptosis in Human Renal Allograft. Scand J Immunol 2005; 61:157-64. [PMID: 15683452 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2005.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum RANTES (Regulated upon Activation of Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) levels and the expression of CCR5, as well as the percentage of apoptotic cells, in peripheral T lymphocytes from renal transplanted patients with acute rejection (AR), chronic rejection (CR) or stable evolution (SE). RANTES serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and CCR5 expression, as well as the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes, on a FACScan flow cytometer. After staining with different antibodies, the cells were subjected to three-colour flow cytometric analysis. Data analysis was performed using winmdi 2.5 software. The serum RANTES level and percentages of CCR5/CD4 and CCR5/CD8 T lymphocytes in CR, AR and SE were lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The level of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in early apoptosis was higher in AR patients than in CR, SE or C groups (P <0.05). In the case of late apoptosis, the percentage of apoptotic/necrotic cells was higher in the CR than AR, SE or C groups (P <0.05). The RANTES serum levels and the percentage of peripheral CCR5 T lymphocytes would not indicate the renal allograft state. The increase of early apoptotic T lymphocytes could be a marker of AR process and could also indicate the initial step in reducing the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, thus favouring the graft evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Racca
- Cátedra de Inmunología Básica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molteni M, Rossetti C, Scrofani S, Bonara P, Scorza R, Kohn LD. Regulatory CD8+ T cells control thyrotropin receptor-specific CD4+ clones in healthy subjects. CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION 2003; 27:167-74. [PMID: 12787722 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-090x(03)00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms ensuring immunological unresponsiveness or tolerance depends on the action of CD8(+) lymphocytes. In this paper, we report that, in healthy subjects, a subset of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells suppresses the specific response to TSH receptor (TSHR) of CD4(+) clones. Suppression was highly specific, required cell-cell interaction, and was not mediated by cytotoxicity. Co-incubation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) clones, followed by the removal of the CD8(+) cells from the cultures before testing CD4(+) responsiveness to TSHR, demonstrated that CD4(+) cells were anergic since they showed low response to the antigen and a significant impairment of IL-2 production. In CD8-mediated anergy induction, the T-cell receptor (TCR) on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells seems to play a role. Our results indicate that one of the mechanisms ensuring peripheral tolerance involve CD8(+)CD28(-) cells. A disregulation in the control of autoreactive clones by this subset might be important for the onset of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Molteni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milano, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Milano, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Curotto de Lafaille MA, Lafaille JJ. The role of regulatory T cells in allergy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 25:295-310. [PMID: 15007633 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-003-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Accepted: 08/26/2003] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic diseases are characterized by Th2 and IgE responses to common environmental and food antigens. In vivo, IgE production depends on interactions between allergen-specific B lymphocytes and Th2 lymphocytes. IgE levels are extremely low in normal individuals, suggesting that IgE production is under strong regulation. One of the reasons behind the lack of atopy in healthy individuals is the activity of regulatory T cells, which prevent naïve T helper cell precursors from acquiring a differentiated Th2 phenotype. In addition to naturally occurring regulatory T cells, atopy can be prevented by allergen-specific tolerant/regulatory cells induced through mucosal stimulation, and by mechanisms that directly suppress Iepsilon sterile transcript production on activated B lymphocytes. This article reviews the recent progress on thymic-derived as well as peripherally induced regulatory T cells as they relate to atopy. The latter discussion also includes regulatory T cells that arise through immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Program of Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mastruzzo C, Greco LR, Nakano K, Nakano A, Palermo F, Pistorio MP, Salinaro ET, Jordana M, Dolovich J, Crimi DN, Vancheri C. Impact of intranasal budesonide on immune inflammatory responses and epithelial remodeling in chronic upper airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112:37-44. [PMID: 12847477 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histologic and immunohistologic features of nasal polyps (NP) are similar to those observed in asthma, thus suggesting a similar immunopathology. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to further understand the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of locally delivered corticosteroids. To this end, the effect of intranasal budesonide on the expression of specific cytokines, lymphocyte subsets, and epithelial remodeling in this model of airway tissue inflammation were studied. METHODS We used immunohistochemical techniques to examine nasal mucosae (NM) from healthy individuals and nasal polyp (NP) tissues from patients with nasal polyposis obtained before and after intranasal budesonide treatment. RESULTS First, the density of CD8(+) cells was markedly increased in NP tissues after intranasal budesonide treatment from 16.1 +/- 8.4 (M +/- SEM) per mm(2) to 39.9 +/- 24.1. Second, the density of cells immunoreactive for IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TGF-beta in NP was significantly greater than in control NM tissues. The density of IL-4(+) and IL-5(+) cells in NP tissues significantly decreased after budesonide treatment from 40 +/- 12 to 17.8 +/- 8 and from 19.3 +/- 11 to 10.4 +/- 7, respectively. In contrast, the density of IFN-gamma(+) and IL-12(+) cells remained unchanged. In addition, we found that the density of TGF-beta(+) cells significantly increased after intranasal budesonide from 18 +/- 5 to 41 +/- 9. Third, damage to the entire length of the NP epithelium was quantified using a grading system. The epithelium of untreated NP was substantially damaged; remarkable epithelial restitution with no apparent changes in stromal collagen deposition was observed after intranasal budesonide treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that intranasal budesonide induced an increase in CD8 population and a selective regulatory effect on tissue cytokine expression. Furthermore, intranasal budesonide promoted epithelial remodeling. We hypothesize that these immunoregulatory and remodeling effects elicited by steroids might be, at least in part, mediated by the induction of TGF-beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Mastruzzo
- Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases and Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zdolsek HA, Jenmalm MC. Expression of the T-cell markers CD2 and CD28 in healthy and atopic children during the first 18 months of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 14:169-77. [PMID: 12787295 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.00016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atopy may be associated with a reduced T-cell function early in life, particularly regarding maturation of Th1 responses. The T-cell surface molecules CD2 and CD28 are involved in important T-cell activation pathways. Stimulation via the CD2 receptor increases the responsiveness to interleukin (IL)-12, which is a potent inducer of Th1 responses, whereas CD28 stimulation is critical for Th2 differentiation. Our aim was to prospectively study the expression of the cell-surface markers CD2 and CD28 on T-cells in relation to development of atopic disease. Children (n = 172) were followed from birth to 18 months and the cumulative history of atopic disease was recorded. Blood samples were obtained at birth and at 18 months, and in a subgroup of 78 infants also at 3, 6 and 12 months. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the T-cell markers CD2 and CD28, the latter also within the subsets of T-helper (CD4+) and T-cytotoxic (CD8+) cells. At 18 months, 31 children had and 118 did not have atopic symptoms. At this age, skin prick test (SPT) positive children with atopic symptoms with or without an atopic family history (AFH) showed a lower expression of CD2 mode fluorescence intensity (FI) as well as a lower proportion of CD2+ cells, as compared with non-sensitized children with neither atopic symptoms nor AFH. This was accompanied by a higher expression of CD28 FI on CD2+CD8+CD28+ cells. No significant differences were seen at time points before 18 months, although the proportion of CD2+ tended to be low also earlier in life. In conclusion, the observed reduced expression of CD2 in atopic infants may support previous findings that atopy is associated with a reduced CD2 function. The high CD28 FI in SPT positive children with atopic symptoms may possibly be a consequence of a TH2-skewed immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena A Zdolsek
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trautmann A, Rückert B, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Niederer E, Bröcker EB, Blaser K, Akdis CA. Human CD8 T cells of the peripheral blood contain a low CD8 expressing cytotoxic/effector subpopulation. Immunology 2003; 108:305-12. [PMID: 12603596 PMCID: PMC1782903 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of lymphocyte populations demonstrates the diversity of cellular immune responses and provide a better understanding of the immune system. CD3+ CD8+ T cells exhibit a low CD8 expressing (CD8low) population in flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood T cells. In healthy donors, this population consists of 0.2-7.0% of all CD8 T cells. The majority of the CD8low T cell population showed an elevated expression of CD25, CD45RA, and CD95L, and low levels of CD28, CD62L and CD45RO. Circulating CD8low T cells resemble cytotoxic effector cells because they express cytolytic mediators and are able to execute cytotoxicity. A restricted T cell receptor profile with increased Vbeta9, Vbeta14 and Vbeta23 expression was observed and the CD8low T cell population contain Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cells. Therefore, the CD8low population represent a subset of activated CD8 effector T cells, resulting most probably from a continuous and/or balanced immune response to intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Trautmann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Obere Strasse 22, CH-7270 Davos, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peng L, Kjaergäard J, Plautz GE, Awad M, Drazba JA, Shu S, Cohen PA. Tumor-induced L-selectinhigh suppressor T cells mediate potent effector T cell blockade and cause failure of otherwise curative adoptive immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:4811-21. [PMID: 12391191 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.9.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific effector T cells (T(E)) are naturally sensitized within the L-selectin(low) (CD62L(low)) fraction of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN). Whether isolated from day 9 (D9) or day 12 (D12) TDLN, 5 million L-selectin(low) T(E) could be culture activated and adoptively transferred to achieve complete rejection of established intradermal, pulmonary, and brain tumors. Surprisingly, although 25 million unfractionated T cells from D9 TDLN were equally effective, even 100 million unfractionated T cells from D12 TDLN seldom prevented lethal intradermal tumor progression, despite a pronounced therapeutic excess of T(E). This highly reproducible treatment failure was due to cotransfer of tumor-induced, L-selectin(high) suppressor T cells (T(S)) which were also present in D12 TDLN. In contrast, D9 TDLN and normal spleens lacked L-selectin(high) T(S). Only those L-selectin(high) D12 TDLN T cells that down-regulated L-selectin during culture activation were suppressive in vivo and in vitro, and, like L-selectin(low) T(E), trafficked promptly into tumors following i.v. administration. This is the first demonstration that adoptive immunotherapy can fail as a direct result of passenger T(S) that share certain phenotypic and trafficking features of T(E), even when otherwise curative doses of T(E) have been administered. Furthermore, in contrast to recently described CD4(+)CD25(+) T(S) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell-activated T(S), tumor-induced L-selectin(high) T(S) prevent tumor rejection via blockade of sensitized, activated T(E) rather than via afferent blockade.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Disease Progression
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- Fibrosarcoma/immunology
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Fibrosarcoma/therapy
- Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Injections, Intradermal
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- L-Selectin/biosynthesis
- L-Selectin/physiology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/transplantation
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Treatment Failure
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liaomin Peng
- Center for Surgery Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Lerner Research Institute, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Organ transplantation can be considered as replacement therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. The percent of one-year allograft survival has increased due, among other factors, to a better understanding of the rejection process and new immunosuppressive drugs. Immunosuppressive therapy used in transplantation prevents activation and proliferation of alloreactive T lymphocytes, although not fully preventing chronic rejection. Recognition by recipient T cells of alloantigens expressed by donor tissues initiates immune destruction of allogeneic transplants. However, there is controversy concerning the relative contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to allograft rejection. Some animal models indicate that there is an absolute requirement for CD4+ T cells in allogeneic rejection, whereas in others CD4-depleted mice reject certain types of allografts. Moreover, there is evidence that CD8+ T cells are more resistant to immunotherapy and tolerance induction protocols. An intense focal infiltration of mainly CD8+CTLA4+ T lymphocytes during kidney rejection has been described in patients. This suggests that CD8+ T cells could escape from immunosuppression and participate in the rejection process. Our group is primarily interested in the immune mechanisms involved in allograft rejection. Thus, we believe that a better understanding of the role of CD8+ T cells in allograft rejection could indicate new targets for immunotherapy in transplantation. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to focus on the role of the CD8+ T cell population in the rejection of allogeneic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Bueno
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee SU, Ferens W, Davis WC, Hamilton MJ, Park YH, Fox LK, Naessens J, Bohach GA. Identity of activation molecule 3 on superantigen-stimulated bovine cells is CD26. Infect Immun 2001; 69:7190-3. [PMID: 11598101 PMCID: PMC100126 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.7190-7193.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most CD8(+) T cells in cultures of bovine mononuclear cells stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 develop an unusual phenotype characterized by expression of activation molecule 3 (ACT3). This superantigen-dependent phenotype may be relevant to immunopathogenesis mediated by certain microbial toxins. The size and N-terminal sequence of immunoprecipitated ACT3 indicate that ACT3 is the bovine orthologue of CD26.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S U Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|