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Ng CYJ, Bun HH, Zhao Y, Zhong LLD. TCM "medicine and food homology" in the management of post-COVID disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1234307. [PMID: 37720220 PMCID: PMC10500073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of global concern on May 5, 2023. Post-COVID disorders are, however, becoming more common. Hence, there lies a growing need to develop safe and effective treatment measures to manage post-COVID disorders. Investigating the use of TCM medicinal foods in the long-term therapy of post-COVID illnesses may be beneficial given contemporary research's emphasis on the development of medicinal foods. Scope and approach The use of medicinal foods for the long-term treatment of post-COVID disorders is highlighted in this review. Following a discussion of the history of the TCM "Medicine and Food Homology" theory, the pathophysiological effects of post-COVID disorders will be briefly reviewed. An analysis of TCM medicinal foods and their functions in treating post-COVID disorders will then be provided before offering some insight into potential directions for future research and application. Key findings and discussion TCM medicinal foods can manage different aspects of post-COVID disorders. The use of medicinal foods in the long-term management of post-COVID illnesses may be a safe and efficient therapy choice because they are typically milder in nature than chronic drug use. These findings may also be applied in the long-term post-disease treatment of similar respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hung Hung Bun
- The University of Hong Kong (HKU) School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda L. D. Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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AL-MARAZEEQ K, AL-ROUSAN W, TAHA S, OSAILI T. The influence of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill) cladodes powder on improving the characteristics and shelf life of low-fat beef and chicken burgers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tareq OSAILI
- University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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3
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Choudhary S. Functional foods and bioactive compounds in the management of neurodegenerative diseases: editorial. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinjan Choudhary
- UM‐DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences University of Mumbai Kalina Campus Mumbai 400098 India
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4
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Khemiri S, Nunes MC, Bessa RJB, Alves SP, Smaali I, Raymundo A. Technological Feasibility of Couscous-Algae-Supplemented Formulae: Process Description, Nutritional Properties and In Vitro Digestibility. Foods 2021; 10:3159. [PMID: 34945710 PMCID: PMC8701376 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop functional couscous in a traditional Tunisian manner (hand rolling), enriched in algae biomass (6% w/w). Four Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) biomasses and one mixture of C. vulgaris and two macroalgae biomasses (Ulva rigida and Fucus vesiculosus) were used. The C. vulgaris strain was subjected to random mutagenesis and different culture conditions (Allmicroalgae), resulting in different pigmentations and biochemical compositions. Couscous samples were characterized in terms of nutritional properties, oscillatory rheology properties and digestibility. All biomasses provided a significant supplementation of nutrients and excellent acceptance. The enrichment resulted in lower firmness, higher viscoelastic functions (G' and G″) and a significant improvement in the cooking quality. Major differences between couscous samples with different microalgae were observed in protein and mineral contents, fully meeting Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 requirements for health claims made on foodstuffs. The amount of digested proteins was also higher in algae-containing samples. The fatty acid profile of the enriched couscous varied in a biomass-specific way, with a marked increase in linolenic acid (18:3 ω3) and a decrease in the ω6/ω3 ratio. Sensory analysis revealed that microalgae-containing products could compete with conventional goods with an added advantage, that is, having an ameliorated nutritional value using algae as a "trendy" and sustainable ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyma Khemiri
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LR11ES24), National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Maria Cristiana Nunes
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.J.B.B.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Susana P. Alves
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.J.B.B.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Issam Smaali
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LR11ES24), National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia; (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
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5
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Plant based protein products: Characterization and functionality of dried tofu noodles containing lotus root powder. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Peng Y, Tao H, Wang S, Xiao J, Wang Y, Su H. Dietary intervention with edible medicinal plants and derived products for prevention of Alzheimer's disease: A compendium of time-tested strategy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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7
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Zou P, Stinson J, Parry M, Dennis CL, Yang Y, Lu Z. A Smartphone App (mDASHNa-CC) to Support Healthy Diet and Hypertension Control for Chinese Canadian Seniors: Protocol for Design, Usability and Feasibility Testing. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15545. [PMID: 32238343 PMCID: PMC7316441 DOI: 10.2196/15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This proposed study aims to translate the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension with Sodium (Na) Reduction for Chinese Canadians (DASHNa-CC), a classroom-based, antihypertensive, dietary educational intervention, to an innovative smartphone app (mDASHNa-CC). This study will enable Chinese Canadian seniors to access antihypertensive dietary interventions anytime, regardless of where they are. It is hypothesized that senior Chinese Canadians will be satisfied with their experiences using the mDASHNa-CC app and that the use of this app could lead to a decrease in their blood pressure and improvement in their health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to design and test the usability and feasibility of a smartphone-based dietary educational app to support a healthy diet and hypertension control for Chinese Canadian seniors. METHODS A mixed-method two-phase design will be used. The study will be conducted in a Chinese immigrant community in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Chinese Canadian seniors, who are at least 65 years old, self-identified as Chinese, living in Canada, and with elevated blood pressure, will be recruited. In Phase I, we will design and test the usability of the app using a user-centered approach. In Phase II, we will test the feasibility of the app, including implementation (primary outcomes of accrual and attrition rates, technical issues, acceptability of the app, and adherence to the intervention) and preliminary effectiveness (secondary outcomes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, health-related quality of life, and health service utilization), using a pilot, two-group, randomized controlled trial with a sample size of 60 participants in a Chinese Canadian community. RESULTS The study is supported by the Startup Research Grant from Nipissing University, Canada. The research ethics application is under review by a university research ethics review board. CONCLUSIONS The study results will make several contributions to the existing literature, including illustrating the rigorous design and testing of smartphone app technology for hypertension self-management in the community, exploring an approach to incorporating traditional medicine into chronic illness management in minority communities and promoting equal access to current technology among minority immigrant senior groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03988894; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03988894. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/15545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zou
- School of Nursing, Nipissing University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Monica Parry
- Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yeqin Yang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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8
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Zhang LW, Guo Q, Fang R, Lin L, Ye BH, Zheng KL, Lin M, Yang ZY, Fang JQ, Li CD. Traditional Chinese Medicine-Guided Dietary Intervention for Male Youth Undergoing Drug Detoxification: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:3870316. [PMID: 31871480 PMCID: PMC6913165 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3870316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine- (TCM-) guided dietary interventions in improving yang-qi deficiency and yin-blood deficiency TCM syndromes according to the principles of TCM syndrome differentiation theory in male youths undergoing drug detoxification during the rehabilitation period who stayed in a compulsory isolation detoxification center. METHODS Male youths undergoing drug detoxification who met the criteria to be included in the study were randomly divided into the intervention group (n = 62) and the control group (n = 61) according to a random number table in a 1 : 1 ratio. The intervention group received a TCM-guided diet, and the control group received routine food support. Over an intervention period of 3 months, we observed changes in the TCM syndrome element scores in the two groups before and after intervention. RESULTS After 3 months, the qi deficiency, yin deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin-blood deficiency syndrome in the intervention group improved significantly (P values 0.009, 0.000, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively). In the control group, yang deficiency, qi deficiency, and yang-qi deficiency syndromes worsened significantly (P values 0.003, 0.032, and 0.009, respectively). The differences (post-pre) in yang deficiency, qi deficiency, yang-qi deficiency, yin deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin-blood deficiency syndromes between the two groups were statistically significant (P values 0.003, 0.003, 0.003, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION A TCM-guided diet can delay the worsening of yang-qi deficiency syndrome symptoms and improve yin-blood deficiency syndrome and the prognosis of male youth undergoing drug detoxification during the rehabilitation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-wan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Guo
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Fang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin-hua Ye
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-lin Zheng
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- Juvenile Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhao-yang Yang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-qian Fang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-dong Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Kim SA, Shin KC, Oh DK. Complete Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides into 20- O- β-Glucopyranosyl-20( S)-protopanaxadiol by Permeabilized Recombinant Escherichia coli Cells Coexpressing β-Glucosidase and Chaperone Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8393-8401. [PMID: 31291721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ginsenoside 20-O-β-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol or compound K is an essential ingredient in functional food, cosmetics, and traditional medicines. However, no study has reported the complete conversion of all protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides from ginseng extract into compound K using whole-cell conversion. To increase the production of compound K from ginseng extract using whole recombinant cells, the β-glucosidase enzyme from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii was coexpressed with a chaperone expression system (pGro7), and the cells expressing the coexpression system were permeabilized with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The permeabilized cells carrying the chaperone coexpression system showed a 2.6-fold increase in productivity and yield as compared with nontreated cells, and completely converted all PPD-type ginsenosides from ginseng root extract into compound K with the highest productivity among the results reported so far. Our results will contribute to the industrial biological production of compound K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-A Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Bioactive-Metabolome Network , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
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10
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In vitro evaluation of the prebiotic effect of red and white grape polyphenolic extracts. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 74:101-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Zou P. Traditional Chinese Medicine, Food Therapy, and Hypertension Control: A Narrative Review of Chinese Literature. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1579-1594. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the lack of English literature about Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) food therapy, there is abundant Chinese literature about the application of food therapy for hypertension control. This paper summarizes basic concepts of TCM, the principles of food therapy and its application for hypertension control according to Chinese literature. In TCM, food is conceptualized according to both nutritional and functional aspects, and can be used to treat illnesses. Four principles of TCM food therapy including light eating, balancing the “hot” and “cold” nature of food, the harmony of the five flavors of food, and consistency between dietary intake and different health conditions, can be used to facilitate hypertension control. Based on a statistical analysis of antihypertensive foods recommended in 20 books on the application of food therapy for hypertension control, the 38 most frequently recommended are celery, tomato, banana, hawthorn, garlic, onion, seaweed, apple, corn, green beans, persimmon, laver, kiwi, watermelon, eggplant, carrots, mushroom, peanut, soy products, sea cucumber, buckwheat, garland chrysanthemum, spinach, honey, dairy products, vinegar, black fungus, jellyfish, green onion, shepherd's purse, soybean, potato, pear, winter melon, bitter melon, oat, pea, and tea. Food therapy emphasizes the therapeutic effects of food, considering its nature, taste, and function on human balanced health, which leads to optimal blood pressure control. Current literature suggests that food therapy is effective in blood pressure control and can be incorporated into blood pressure self-management in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zou
- School of Nursing, Nipissing University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Biopeptides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in the prevention and treatment of diabesity disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:816-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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13
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Yi Y, Sun J, Xie J, Min T, Wang LM, Wang HX. Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Lotus Root Varieties. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070863. [PMID: 27376256 PMCID: PMC6273286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lotus root attracts increasing attention mainly because of its phenolic compounds known as natural antioxidants. Its thirteen varieties were systematically analyzed on the content, distribution, composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds for a better understanding of this aquatic vegetable. The respective mean contents of total phenolics in their flesh, peel and nodes were 1.81, 4.30 and 7.35 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g fresh weight (FW), and those of total flavonoids were 3.35, 7.69 and 15.58 mg rutin equivalents/g FW. The phenolic composition determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method varied significantly among varieties and parts. The phenolics of flesh were mainly composed of gallocatechin and catechin; those of peel and node were mainly composed of gallocatechin, gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. The antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts in increasing order were flesh, peel and node; their mean concentrations for 50% inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical were 46.00, 26.43 and 21.72 µg GAE/mL, and their mean values representing ferric reducing antioxidant power were 75.91, 87.66 and 100.43 µg Trolox equivalents/100 µg GAE, respectively. “Zoumayang”, “Baheou”, “No. 5 elian” and “Guixi Fuou” were the hierarchically clustered varieties with relatively higher phenolic content and stronger antioxidant activity as compared with the others. Especially, their nodes and peels are promising sources of antioxidants for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fresh Food, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fresh Food, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fresh Food, Wuhan 430023, China.
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Hong-Xun Wang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Fresh Food, Wuhan 430023, China.
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14
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Quality characteristics and storage stability of restructured chicken meat blocks extended with different combinations of vegetative extenders. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ergezer H, Akcan T, Serdaroğlu M. The Effects of Potato Puree and Bread Crumbs on Some Quality Characteristics of Low Fat Meatballs. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:561-9. [PMID: 26761488 PMCID: PMC4662216 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.5.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using different amounts of potato puree (PP) (10 or 20%) and 10% bread crumbs (BC) as an extender and also control samples (C) with no added extender on chemical composition, energy values, cooking analyses, colour measurements, water holding capacity (WHC), penetration values, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) and sensory analyses of meatballs. Meatball samples were cooked in a pre-heated 180℃ electric oven. Uncooked meatballs formulated with 20% PP had the highest moisture content. No significant differences were recorded for protein contents of uncooked samples. The highest cooking yield was found in samples extended with 10% BC. Increasing PP from 10% to 20% increased cooking yield of meatballs. 20% PP increased moisture and fat retention values and water holding capacity of meatballs. Meatballs with 10% BC had the lowest (the hardness in the texture) and meatballs with the 20% PP had the highest (the softness in the texture) penetration values. Formulating meatballs at a level of 20% resulted lower L* values. TBA values of control samples were higher than in PP added samples at the end of the storage period. Flavour scores for meatballs formulated with PP were higher than control and meatballs formulated with BC. Meatballs formulated with 10% PP had similar overall acceptability with meatballs added with 10% BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haluk Ergezer
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tolga Akcan
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Serdaroğlu
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, İzmir, Turkey
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16
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Devatkal S, Mendiratta SK, Kondaiah N. Quality characteristics of loaves from buffalo meat, liver and vegetables. Meat Sci 2013; 67:377-83. [PMID: 22061511 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2003] [Revised: 10/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation explored the possibilities of commercial utilization of buffalo liver in comminuted meat products. In this study, the effect of incorporating liver with meat and vegetables in loaves was studied. Different types of loaves were evaluated: (1) Control meat loaf, (2) liver-meat loaf (20% liver) and (3) liver-vegetable loaves (40% liver, 1:1 ratio of carrot and potato). The pH's; yield's, emulsion stabilities and proximate compositions were not significantly different between meat and liver-meat loaves. However, liver-vegetable loaves gave significantly (P<0.05) lower yields and different proximate compositions. Although, liver-meat and liver-vegetable loaves had acceptable sensory scores (above 6), control meat loaves gave significantly (P<0.05) higher sensory scores. Instrumental color evaluation suggested significantly (P<0.05) higher redness (a(*)) and chroma values in meat loaves and significantly (P<0.05) higher values of brightness (L(*)), yellowness (b(*)) and hue values in liver-meat and liver-vegetable loaves. Texture profile analysis showed that liver-meat and liver-vegetable loaves had significantly (P<0.05) lower values of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness than the control meat loaves. Among the loaves, liver-vegetable loaves were softer and hence had lower values for the textural parameters than liver-meat loaves. During refrigerated storage, liver-vegetable loaves had significantly (P<0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) values than meat and liver-meat loaves. Shelf life studies indicated a shelf life of 15 days for meat and liver-meat loaves and 10 days for liver-vegetable loaves at 4±1 °C. It was concluded that buffalo liver could be commercially utilized for the preparation of acceptable comminuted meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Devatkal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
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17
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Nadeem M, Salim-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Anjum F, Murtaza MA, Mueen-ud-Din G. Development, characterization, and optimization of protein level in date bars using response surface methodology. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:518702. [PMID: 22792044 PMCID: PMC3385624 DOI: 10.1100/2012/518702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This project was designed to produce a nourishing date bar with commercial value especially for school going children to meet their body development requirements. Protein level of date bars was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Economical and underutilized sources, that is, whey protein concentrate and vetch protein isolates, were explored for protein supplementation. Fourteen date bar treatments were produced using a central composite design (CCD) with 2 variables and 3 levels for each variable. Date bars were then analyzed for nutritional profile. Proximate composition revealed that addition of whey protein concentrate and vetch protein isolates improved the nutritional profile of date bars. Protein level, texture, and taste were considerably improved by incorporating 6.05% whey protein concentrate and 4.35% vetch protein isolates in date bar without affecting any sensory characteristics during storage. Response surface methodology was observed as an economical and effective tool to optimize the ingredient level and to discriminate the interactive effects of independent variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
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Li J, Wan H, Zhang H, Tian M. Current applications of molecular imaging and luminescence-based techniques in traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:16-26. [PMID: 21693174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is fundamentally different from Western medicine, has been widely investigated using various approaches. Cellular- or molecular-based imaging has been used to investigate and illuminate the various challenges identified and progress made using therapeutic methods in TCM. Insight into the processes of TCM at the cellular and molecular changes and the ability to image these processes will enhance our understanding of various diseases of TCM and will provide new tools to diagnose and treat patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various TCM therapies including herbs and formulations, acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, Gua Sha, and diet therapy have been analyzed using positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound and optical imaging. These imaging tools have kept pace with developments in molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and computer technology. RESULTS We provide an overview of recent developments in demystifying ancient knowledge - like the power of energy flow and blood flow meridians, and serial naturopathies - which are essential to visually and vividly recognize the body using modern technology. CONCLUSIONS In TCM, treatment can be individualized in a holistic or systematic view that is consistent with molecular imaging technologies. Future studies might include using molecular imaging in conjunction with TCM to easily diagnose or monitor patients naturally and noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Shen C, Pang SMC, Kwong EWY, Cheng Z. The effect of Chinese food therapy on community dwelling Chinese hypertensive patients with Yin-deficiency. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:1008-20. [PMID: 20492045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese food therapy in correcting the Yin-deficiency and to examine its impact on the patients' quality of life and hypertension control. BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown 14-50% of people with hypertension have Yin-deficiency. Whether restoring the Yin-Yang balance by means of Chinese food therapy can help to better manage patients with hypertension has yet to be examined. DESIGN Two groups randomised controlled trial. METHODS Eighty-five hypertensive patients recruited from two community health service centre were divided into two groups. The intervention group (n = 48) received specific dietary instructions and corresponding management of their antihypertensive medication if indicated and brief health education, whilst the control group (n = 37) received routine support involving only brief health education. Data were collected at baseline, after intervention at four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks follow-up. Comparisons were made to examine the effects of Chinese food therapy on Yin-deficiency symptoms, blood pressure and quality of life of hypertensive patients. RESULTS The intervention group had reduction in the numbers of antihypertensive medication taken as well as improvement in most of the Yin-deficiency symptoms after 12 weeks of Chinese food therapy and mean scores of several SF-36 dimensions were higher than that of in the control group after 12 and 16 weeks follow-up. Significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure in the intervention group when it was compared from baseline to after four and eight weeks respectively. CONCLUSION Chinese Food Therapy can restore body constitution with Yin-Yang imbalance and may potentially improve hypertensive patients' quality of life. It is also beneficial in controlling blood pressure in hypertensive patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Chinese food therapy may become a complementary therapy in health care and it should be a component of nursing education and health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhen Shen
- School of Nursing, The Zhe Jiang Chinese Medical University, Hang Zhou, China 310053.
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20
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Zhou X, Gong Z, Su Y, Lin J, Tang K. Cordyceps fungi: natural products, pharmacological functions and developmental products. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.03.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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21
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Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in STZ-diabetic rats. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Madina BR, Sharma LK, Chaturvedi P, Sangwan RS, Tuli R. Purification and characterization of a novel glucosyltransferase specific to 27β-hydroxy steroidal lactones from Withania somnifera and its role in stress responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1199-207. [PMID: 17704015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sterol glycosyltransferases catalyze the synthesis of diverse glycosterols in plants. Withania somnifera is a medically important plant, known for a variety of pharmacologically important withanolides and their glycosides. In this study, a novel 27beta-hydroxy glucosyltransferase was purified to near homogeneity from cytosolic fraction of W. somnifera leaves and studied for its biochemical and kinetic properties. The purified enzyme showed activity with UDP-glucose but not with UDP-galactose as sugar donor. It exhibited broad sterol specificity by glucosylating a variety of sterols/withanolides with beta-OH group at C-17, C-21 and C-27 positions. It transferred glucose to the alkanol at C-25 position of the lactone ring, provided an alpha-OH was present at C-17 in the sterol skeleton. A comparable enzyme has not been reported earlier from plants. The enzyme is distinct from the previously purified W. somnifera 3beta-hydroxy specific sterol glucosyltransferase and does not glucosylate the sterols at C-3 position; though it also follows an ordered sequential bisubstrate reaction mechanism, in which UDP-glucose and sterol are the first and second binding substrates. The enzyme activity with withanolides suggests its role in secondary metabolism in W. somnifera. Results on peptide mass fingerprinting showed its resemblance with glycuronosyltransferase like protein. The enzyme activity in the leaves of W. somnifera was enhanced following the application of salicylic acid. In contrast, it decreased rapidly on exposure of the plants to heat shock, suggesting functional role of the enzyme in biotic and abiotic stresses.
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23
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Reverberi M, Fabbri AA, Zjalic S, Ricelli A, Punelli F, Fanelli C. Antioxidant enzymes stimulation in Aspergillus parasiticus by Lentinula edodes inhibits aflatoxin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:207-15. [PMID: 15838675 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of aflatoxins, toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus parasiticus, is correlated to the fungal oxidative stress and cell ageing. In this paper, the mechanism underlying the aflatoxin-inhibiting effect of the Lentinula edodes culture filtrates was studied by analysing their anti-oxidant activity and beta-glucan content. Mushroom beta-glucans are pharmacologically active compounds stimulating anti-oxidant responses in animal cells. L. edodes lyophilised filtrates stimulate A. parasiticus anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and aflatoxin inhibition was better correlated with beta-glucan content than with anti-oxidant activity of the filtrates. RT-PCR analyses on treated mycelia showed a delay in the activation of aflR, and norA, genes of aflatoxin cluster and a synchronous activation of hsf2-like, a homologue of a yeast transcription factor involved in oxidative stress responses. The first evidence of hsf2-like in A. parasiticus and its activation during aflatoxin biosynthesis is reported. L. edodes filtrates could play a role as external stimulus affecting the anti-oxidant status in the fungal cell that, in turn, leads to aflatoxin inhibition. In the fungal cell, beta-glucans present in the filtrates could stimulate the activation of transcription factors related to anti-oxidant response and anti-oxidant enzyme activity with a contemporaneous delay of aflatoxin genes transcription, which led to a marked reduction of aflatoxin production. This research suggests new perspectives to set suitable strategies against aflatoxins and L. edodes could be considered a promising tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reverberi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Largo Cristina di Svezia 24, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Lin JY, Lu S, Liou YL, Liou HL. Increased IgA and IgG serum levels using a novel yam-boxthorn noodle in a BALB/c mouse model. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 44:170-8. [PMID: 16109455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether yam-boxthorn noodle, a newly developed functional noodle, has immunomodulatory effects in vivo, we measured the changes in visceral organ weight, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgE, IgG, IgM serum level and IgA level in the intestinal lavage fluid of female BALB/c mice after continuously consuming the test diet for 5 weeks. We found that body weights and absolute and relative organ weights (lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidney) in female BALB/c mice did not significantly change compared with those from the control group. The IgA and IgG serum levels in the experimental group significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner when the yam-boxthorn noodle concentration in the AIN 76 diet rose from 3% to 30%. However, the IgE and IgM level in the serum and the IgA level in the intestinal lavage fluid did not significantly change. These experiments demonstrate that the functional noodle, yam-boxthorn noodle, exhibits immunomodulatory effects in vivo with increasing serum antibody levels, especially in IgA and IgG. These results are valuable for future nutraceutical and immuno-pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Suzuki H, Reddy MSS, Naoumkina M, Aziz N, May GD, Huhman DV, Sumner LW, Blount JW, Mendes P, Dixon RA. Methyl jasmonate and yeast elicitor induce differential transcriptional and metabolic re-programming in cell suspension cultures of the model legume Medicago truncatula. PLANTA 2005; 220:696-707. [PMID: 15605242 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of cell suspension cultures of Medicago truncatula Gaerth. to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) resulted in up to 50-fold induction of transcripts encoding the key triterpene biosynthetic enzyme beta-amyrin synthase (betaAS; EC 5.4.99.-). Transcripts reached maximum levels at 24 h post-elicitation with 0.5 mM MeJA. The entry point enzymes into the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, L: -phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) and chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74), respectively, were not induced by MeJA. In contrast, exposure of cells to yeast elicitor (YE) resulted in up to 45- and 14-fold induction of PAL and CHS transcripts, respectively, at only 2 h post-elicitation. betaAS transcripts were weakly induced at 12 h after exposure to YE. Over 30 different triterpene saponins were identified in the cultures, many of which were strongly induced by MeJA, but not by YE. In contrast, cinnamic acids, benzoic acids and isoflavone-derived compounds accumulated following exposure of cultures to YE, but few changes in phenylpropanoid levels were observed in response to MeJA. DNA microarray analysis confirmed the strong differential transcriptional re-programming of the cell cultures for multiple genes in the phenylpropanoid and triterpene pathways in response to MeJA and YE, and indicated different responses of individual members of gene families. This work establishes Medicago cell cultures as an excellent model for future genomics approaches to understand the regulation of legume secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Suzuki
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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Achnine L, Huhman DV, Farag MA, Sumner LW, Blount JW, Dixon RA. Genomics-based selection and functional characterization of triterpene glycosyltransferases from the model legume Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 41:875-87. [PMID: 15743451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of triterpene saponins is poorly characterized in spite of the importance of these glycosylated secondary metabolites for plant defense and animal health. The model legume Medicago truncatula synthesizes more than 30 different saponins based on at least five triterpene aglycones; soyasapogenols B and E, medicagenic acid, hederagenin and bayogenin. We have employed an inducible cell culture system, DNA array-based and in silico transcript profiling, and targeted metabolite profiling, to identify triterpene glycosyltransferases (GTs) from among the more than 300 GTs expressed in M. truncatula. Two uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases were functionally characterized; UGT73K1 with specificity for hederagenin and soyasapogenols B and E, and UGT71G1 with specificity for medicagenic acid. The latter enzyme also glycosylated certain isoflavones and the flavonol quercetin with higher efficiency than triterpenes; however, integrated transcript and metabolite profiling supported a function for UGT71G1 in terpenoid but not (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis in the elicited cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahoucine Achnine
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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AGRAHARI PRADYUMNARAJ, KHURDIYA DS, LATA, KAUR CHARANJIT, KAPOOR HC. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SOY ENRICHED APPLE BAR. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2004.tb00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Johns T, Sthapit BR. Biocultural Diversity in the Sustainability of Developing-Country Food Systems. Food Nutr Bull 2004; 25:143-55. [PMID: 15214260 DOI: 10.1177/156482650402500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The policy implications of a model of contemporary food systems for developing countries that integrates nutrition, reduction of disease risk, culture, income generation, and biodiversity are reviewed within a theoretical and empirical examination of the relevance of nutrition to the priorities put forward at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002. Agricultural, health, economic, and social policies with local reach are necessary responses to the increase in noncommunicable disease associated with the globalization of food systems. Nutrition offers a nexus for the changes in individual behavior and motivation essential for fundamental shifts in production and consumption patterns. Mutual consideration of biocultural diversity and nutrition can guide policy, research, promotion, and applied action in developing countries. Benefits from enhanced use of biodiversity must legitimately flow to the undernourished poor, while potential negative consequences must be minimized and mitigated. Quality and quantity of food need not be mutually exclusive. Functions related to energy density, glycemic control, oxidative stress, and immunostimulation define important research priorities. Tests of the hypothesis that biodiversity equates with dietary diversity and health might combine quantitative indicators of dietary and biological diversity with nutrition and health outcomes. Biodiversity, where it is part of traditional agricultural and food systems, can be best conserved and enhanced through rational use within a broad-based developmental focus on small-scale and low-input production. The fact that traditional systems, once lost, are hard to recreate underlines the imperative for timely documentation, compilation, and dissemination of eroding knowledge of biodiversity and the use of food culture for promoting positive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Johns
- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Rome.
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Chen W, Weng YM, Tseng CY. Antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of healthy herbal drinks from Chinese medicinal herbs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2004; 31:523-32. [PMID: 14587875 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0300120x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine Chinese medicinal herbs and three healthy herbal drinks made of those herbs in a food processing pilot plant were tested for their antioxidative, free radical scavenging, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities. Water extracts of herbs (with few exceptions) and herbal drinks showed free radical scavenging activity. All water extracts of herbs and herbal drinks showed no mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 used in the Ames mutagenic tests. In the antimutagenic tests, the mutagenic activity of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (NQNO) toward S. typhimurium TA98 was markedly inhibited by water extracts of herbs and herbal drinks. Based on the results, it is suggested that the herbal drinks manufactured in pilot-plant scale are safe and can be served as health-promoting drinks for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlung Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, ROC
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