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Xi L, Sun Y, Xu T, Wang Z, Chiu MY, Plouviez S, Jollivet D, Qiu J. Phylogenetic divergence and population genetics of the hydrothermal vent annelid genus
Hesiolyra
along the East Pacific Rise: Reappraisal using multi‐locus data. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Xi
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Ting Xu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
- Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Man Ying Chiu
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China
| | - Sophie Plouviez
- Department of Biology University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette Louisiana USA
| | - Didier Jollivet
- Sorbonne Université‐CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Equipe DyDiv Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff France
| | - Jian‐Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
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2
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Breusing C, Genetti M, Russell SL, Corbett-Detig RB, Beinart RA. Horizontal transmission enables flexible associations with locally adapted symbiont strains in deep-sea hydrothermal vent symbioses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115608119. [PMID: 35349333 PMCID: PMC9168483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115608119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceIn marine ecosystems, transmission of microbial symbionts between host generations occurs predominantly through the environment. Yet, it remains largely unknown how host genetics, symbiont competition, environmental conditions, and geography shape the composition of symbionts acquired by individual hosts. To address this question, we applied population genomic approaches to four species of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails that live in association with chemosynthetic bacteria. Our analyses show that environment is more important to strain-level symbiont composition than host genetics and that symbiont strains show genetic variation indicative of adaptation to the distinct geochemical conditions at each vent site. This corroborates a long-standing hypothesis that hydrothermal vent invertebrates affiliate with locally adapted symbiont strains to cope with the variable conditions characterizing their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Breusing
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Maximilian Genetti
- Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Shelbi L. Russell
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | | | - Roxanne A. Beinart
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882
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3
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Ücker M, Ansorge R, Sato Y, Sayavedra L, Breusing C, Dubilier N. Deep-sea mussels from a hybrid zone on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge host genetically indistinguishable symbionts. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3076-3083. [PMID: 33972724 PMCID: PMC8443746 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The composition and diversity of animal microbiomes is shaped by a variety of factors, many of them interacting, such as host traits, the environment, and biogeography. Hybrid zones, in which the ranges of two host species meet and hybrids are found, provide natural experiments for determining the drivers of microbiome communities, but have not been well studied in marine environments. Here, we analysed the composition of the symbiont community in two deep-sea, Bathymodiolus mussel species along their known distribution range at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with a focus on the hybrid zone where they interbreed. In-depth metagenomic analyses of the sulphur-oxidising symbionts of 30 mussels from the hybrid zone, at a resolution of single nucleotide polymorphism analyses of ~2500 orthologous genes, revealed that parental and hybrid mussels (F2-F4 generation) have genetically indistinguishable symbionts. While host genetics does not appear to affect symbiont composition in these mussels, redundancy analyses showed that geographic location of the mussels on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge explained most of the symbiont genetic variability compared to the other factors. We hypothesise that geographic structuring of the free-living symbiont population plays a major role in driving the composition of the microbiome in these deep-sea mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Ücker
- grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences of the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Ansorge
- grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany ,grid.40368.390000 0000 9347 0159Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk UK
| | - Yui Sato
- grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lizbeth Sayavedra
- grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany ,grid.40368.390000 0000 9347 0159Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk UK
| | - Corinna Breusing
- grid.20431.340000 0004 0416 2242University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI USA
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences of the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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4
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Martinez CM, Friedman ST, Corn KA, Larouche O, Price SA, Wainwright PC. The deep sea is a hot spot of fish body shape evolution. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1788-1799. [PMID: 34058793 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deep-sea fishes have long captured our imagination with striking adaptations to life in the mysterious abyss, raising the possibility that this cold, dark ocean region may be a key hub for physiological and functional diversification. We explore this idea through an analysis of body shape evolution across ocean depth zones in over 3000 species of marine teleost fishes. We find that the deep ocean contains twice the body shape disparity of shallow waters, driven by elevated rates of evolution in traits associated with locomotion. Deep-sea fishes display more frequent adoption of forms suited to slow and periodic swimming, whereas shallow living species are concentrated around shapes conferring strong, sustained swimming capacity and manoeuvrability. Our results support long-standing impressions of the deep sea as an evolutionary hotspot for fish body shape evolution and highlight that factors like habitat complexity and ecological interactions are potential drivers of this adaptive diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah T Friedman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katherine A Corn
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Larouche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Samantha A Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Lee W, Juniper SK, Perez M, Ju S, Kim S. Diversity and characterization of bacterial communities of five co-occurring species at a hydrothermal vent on the Tonga Arc. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4481-4493. [PMID: 33976824 PMCID: PMC8093707 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-symbiont relationships in hydrothermal vent ecosystems, supported by chemoautotrophic bacteria as primary producers, have been extensively studied. However, the process by which densely populated co-occurring invertebrate hosts form symbiotic relationships with bacterial symbionts remains unclear. Here, we analyzed gill-associated symbiotic bacteria (gill symbionts) of five co-occurring hosts, three mollusks ("Bathymodiolus" manusensis, B. brevior, and Alviniconcha strummeri) and two crustaceans (Rimicaris variabilis and Austinograea alayseae), collected together at a single vent site in the Tonga Arc. We observed both different compositions of gill symbionts and the presence of unshared operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In addition, the total number of OTUs was greater for crustacean hosts than for mollusks. The phylogenetic relationship trees of gill symbionts suggest that γ-proteobacterial gill symbionts have coevolved with their hosts toward reinforcement of host specificity, while campylobacterial Sulfurovum species found across various hosts and habitats are opportunistic associates. Our results confirm that gill symbiont communities differ among co-occurring vent invertebrates and indicate that hosts are closely related with their gill symbiont communities. Considering the given resources available at a single site, differentiation of gill symbionts seems to be a useful strategy for obtaining nutrition and energy while avoiding competition among both hosts and gill symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won‐Kyung Lee
- Genome Editing Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - S. Kim Juniper
- Department of BiologySchool of Earth and Ocean SciencesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
| | - Maëva Perez
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Se‐Jong Ju
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & TechnologyBusanKorea
| | - Se‐Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonKorea
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6
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Guggolz T, Meißner K, Schwentner M, Dahlgren TG, Wiklund H, Bonifácio P, Brandt A. High diversity and pan-oceanic distribution of deep-sea polychaetes: Prionospio and Aurospio (Annelida: Spionidae) in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrionospio Malmgren 1867 and Aurospio Maciolek 1981 (Annelida: Spionidae) are polychaete genera commonly found in the deep sea. Both genera belong to the Prionospio complex, whose members are known to have limited distinguishing characters. Morphological identification of specimens from the deep sea is challenging, as fragmentation and other damages are common during sampling. These issues impede investigations into the distribution patterns of these genera in the deep sea. In this study, we employ two molecular markers (16S rRNA and 18S) to study the diversity and the distribution patterns of Prionospio and Aurospio from the tropical North Atlantic, the Puerto Rico Trench and the central Pacific. Based on different molecular analyses (Automated Barcode Gap Discovery, GMYC, pairwise genetic distances, phylogenetics, haplotype networks), we were able to identify and differentiate 21 lineages (three lineages composed solely of GenBank entries) that represent putative species. Seven of these lineages exhibited pan-oceanic distributions (occurring in the Atlantic as well as the Pacific) in some cases even sharing identical 16S rRNA haplotypes in both oceans. Even the lineages found to be restricted to one of the oceans were distributed over large regional scales as for example across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from the Caribbean to the eastern Atlantic (> 3389 km). Our results suggest that members of Prionospio and Aurospio may have the potential to disperse across large geographic distances, largely unaffected by topographic barriers and possibly even between oceans. Their high dispersal capacities are probably explained by their free-swimming long-lived planktonic larvae.
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7
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Thaler AD, Amon D. 262 Voyages Beneath the Sea: a global assessment of macro- and megafaunal biodiversity and research effort at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7397. [PMID: 31404427 PMCID: PMC6688594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 40 years, hydrothermal vents and the communities that thrive on them have been a source of profound discovery for deep-sea ecologists. These ecosystems are found throughout the world on active plate margins as well as other geologically active features. In addition to their ecologic interest, hydrothermal vent fields are comprised of metallic ores, sparking a nascent industry that aims to mine these metal-rich deposits for their mineral wealth. Here, we provide the first systematic assessment of macrofaunal and megafaunal biodiversity at hydrothermal vents normalized against research effort. Cruise reports from scientific expeditions as well as other literature were used to characterize the extent of exploration, determine the relative biodiversity of different biogeographic provinces, identify knowledge gaps related to the distribution of research effort, and prioritize targets for additional sampling to establish biodiversity baselines ahead of potential commercial exploitation. The Northwest Pacific, Southwest Pacific, and Southern Ocean biogeographic provinces were identified as high biodiversity using rarefaction of family-level incidence data, whereas the North East Pacific Rise, Northern East Pacific, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Indian Ocean provinces had medium biodiversity, and the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center was identified as a province of relatively low biodiversity. A North/South divide in the extent of biological research and the targets of hydrothermal vent mining prospects was also identified. Finally, we provide an estimate of sampling completeness for each province to inform scientific and stewardship priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Thaler
- Blackbeard Biologic: Science and Environmental Advisors, St. Michaels, MD, USA.,Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland, Cambridge, MD, USA
| | - Diva Amon
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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8
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Plouviez S, LaBella AL, Weisrock DW, von Meijenfeldt FAB, Ball B, Neigel JE, Van Dover CL. Amplicon sequencing of 42 nuclear loci supports directional gene flow between South Pacific populations of a hydrothermal vent limpet. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6568-6580. [PMID: 31312428 PMCID: PMC6609911 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, population genetics and phylogeographic studies have improved our knowledge of connectivity and population demography in marine environments. Studies of deep-sea hydrothermal vent populations have identified barriers to gene flow, hybrid zones, and demographic events, such as historical population expansions and contractions. These deep-sea studies, however, used few loci, which limit the amount of information they provided for coalescent analysis and thus our ability to confidently test complex population dynamics scenarios. In this study, we investigated population structure, demographic history, and gene flow directionality among four Western Pacific hydrothermal vent populations of the vent limpet Lepetodrilus aff. schrolli. These vent sites are located in the Manus and Lau back-arc basins, currently of great interest for deep-sea mineral extraction. A total of 42 loci were sequenced from each individual using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Amplicon sequences were analyzed using both genetic variant clustering methods and evolutionary coalescent approaches. Like most previously investigated vent species in the South Pacific, L. aff. schrolli showed no genetic structure within basins but significant differentiation between basins. We inferred significant directional gene flow from Manus Basin to Lau Basin, with low to no gene flow in the opposite direction. This study is one of the very few marine population studies using >10 loci for coalescent analysis and serves as a guide for future marine population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Plouviez
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityBeaufortNorth Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Ball
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Joseph E. Neigel
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana
| | - Cindy L. Van Dover
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityBeaufortNorth Carolina
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9
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Lee WK, Kim SJ, Hou BK, Van Dover CL, Ju SJ. Population genetic differentiation of the hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea alayseae (Crustacea: Bythograeidae) in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215829. [PMID: 31017948 PMCID: PMC6481846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the origin, migration, and distribution of organisms across disjunct deep-sea vent habitats, previous studies have documented the population genetic structures of widely distributed fauna, such as gastropods, bivalves, barnacles, and squat lobsters. However, a limited number of investigations has been conducted in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, and many questions remain. In this study, we determined the population structure of the bythograeid crab Austinograea alayseae from three adjacent vent systems (Manus Basin, North Fiji Basin, and Tonga Arc) in the Southwest Pacific Ocean using the sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rDNA) and one nuclear gene (28S rDNA). Populations were divided into a Manus clade and a North Fiji-Tonga clade, with sequence divergence values in the middle of the barcoding gap for bythograeids. We inferred that hydrographic and/or physical barriers act on the gene flow of A. alayseae between the Manus and North Fiji basins. Austinograea alayseae individuals interact freely between the North Fiji Basin and the Lau Basin (Tonga Arc). Although further studies of genetic differentiation over a geological time scale, life-history attributes, and genome-based population genetics are needed to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of A. alayseae, our results contribute to elucidating the phylogeny, evolution, and biogeography of bythograeids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Lee
- Global Ocean Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyeng Hou
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cindy Lee Van Dover
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, United States of America
| | - Se-Jong Ju
- Global Ocean Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
- Marine Biology Major, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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10
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First Macro-Colonizers and Survivors Around Tagoro Submarine Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain. GEOSCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences9010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tagoro, the youngest submarine volcano of the Canary Islands, erupted in 2011 South of El Hierro Island. Pre-existing sea floor and inhabiting biological communities were buried by the newly erupted material, promoting the appearance of new habitats. The present study pursues to describe the first metazoans colonizing different new habitats formed during the eruption and to create precedent on this field. Through dredge and remote operated vehicle samplings, five main habitat types have been detected based on the substrate type and burial status after the eruption. Inside the Tagoro volcanic complex (TVC), two new habitats are located in and around the summit and main craters—hydrothermal vents with bacterial mats and sulfurous-like fields mainly colonized by small hydrozoan colonies. Two other habitats are located downslope the TVC; new hard substrate and new mixed substrate, holding the highest biodiversity of the TVC, especially at the mixed bottoms with annelids (Chloeia cf. venusta), arthropods (Monodaeus couchii and Alpheus sp.), cnidarians (Sertularella cf. tenella), and molluscs (Neopycnodonte cochlear) as the first colonizers. An impact evaluation was done comparing the communities of those habitats with the complex and well-established community described at the stable hard substrate outside the TVC, which is constituted of highly abundant hydrozoans (Aglaophenia sp.), antipatharians (Stichopates setacea and Antipathes furcata), and colonizing epibionts (e.g., Neopycnodonte cochlear). Three years after the eruption, species numbers at Tagoro were still low compared to those occurring at similar depths outside the TVC. The first dominant species at the TVC included a large proportion of common suspension feeders of the circalittoral and bathyal hard bottoms of the area, which could have exploited the uncolonized hard bottoms and the post eruptive fertilization of water masses.
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11
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Sen A, Duperron S, Hourdez S, Piquet B, Léger N, Gebruk A, Le Port AS, Svenning MM, Andersen AC. Cryptic frenulates are the dominant chemosymbiotrophic fauna at Arctic and high latitude Atlantic cold seeps. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209273. [PMID: 30592732 PMCID: PMC6310283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide the first detailed identification of Barents Sea cold seep frenulate hosts and their symbionts. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis, in combination with detailed morphological investigations through both light and electron microscopy was used for identifying frenulate hosts, and comparing them to Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis and Oligobrachia webbi, two morphologically similar species known from the Norwegian Sea. Specimens from sites previously assumed to host O. haakonmosbiensis were included in our molecular analysis, which allowed us to provide new insight on the debate regarding species identity of these Oligobrachia worms. Our results indicate that high Arctic seeps are inhabited by a species that though closely related to Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis, is nonetheless distinct. We refer to this group as the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade, based on the colloquial names of the sites they are currently known to inhabit. Since members of the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade cannot be distinguished from O. haakonmosbiensis or O. webbi based on morphology, we suggest that a complex of cryptic Oligobrachia species inhabit seeps in the Norwegian Sea and the Arctic. The symbionts of the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade were also found to be closely related to O. haakonmosbiensis symbionts, but genetically distinct. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and transmission electron micrographs revealed extremely dense populations of bacteria within the trophosome of members of the Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade, which is unusual for frenulates. Bacterial genes for sulfur oxidation were detected and small rod shaped bacteria (round in cross section), typical of siboglinid-associated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, were seen on electron micrographs of trophosome bacteriocytes, suggesting that sulfide constitutes the main energy source. We hypothesize that specific, local geochemical conditions, in particular, high sulfide fluxes and concentrations could account for the unusually high symbiont densities in members of the Oligrobrachia sp. CPL-clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sen
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7208 (MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA) Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Paris, France.,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-UMR7245 (MNHN CNRS) Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hourdez
- UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Bérénice Piquet
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7208 (MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA) Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Paris, France.,UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Nelly Léger
- Sorbonne Université, UMR7208 (MNHN, CNRS, IRD, UCN, UA) Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Paris, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Le Port
- UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Mette Marianne Svenning
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Arctic Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ann C Andersen
- UMR7144 Sorbonne Université, CNRS-Equipe Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés Marins en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE)-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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12
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Ogura T, Watanabe HK, Chen C, Sasaki T, Kojima S, Ishibashi JI, Fujikura K. Population history of deep-sea vent and seep Provanna snails (Mollusca: Abyssochrysoidea) in the northwestern Pacific. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5673. [PMID: 30280041 PMCID: PMC6163031 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastropods of the genus Provanna are abundant and widely distributed in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments with seven extant species described in the northwestern Pacific. Methods We investigated the population history and connectivity of five Provanna species in the northwestern Pacific through population genetic analyses using partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Results We found that P. subglabra, the most abundant and genetically diverse species, is genetically segregated by depth. Among the five species, the three comparatively shallower species (P. lucida, P. kuroshimensis, P. glabra) had a more constant demographic history compared to the deeper species (P. subglabra, P. clathrata). Discussion Environmental differences, especially depth, appears to have a role in the segregation of Provanna snails. The population of P. clathrata in the Irabu Knoll appears to have expanded after P. subglabra population. The remaining three species, P. lucida, P. kuroshimensis, and P. glabra, are only known from a single site each, all of which were shallower than 1,000 m. These data indicate that Provanna gastropods are vertically segregated, and that their population characteristics likely depend on hydrothermal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ogura
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kayama Watanabe
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chong Chen
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Sasaki
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kojima
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujikura
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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13
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Mapping the resilience of chemosynthetic communities in hydrothermal vent fields. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9364. [PMID: 29921902 PMCID: PMC6008444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent fields are vulnerable to natural disturbances, such as volcanic activity, and are currently being considered as targets for mineral mining. Local vent communities are linked by pelagic larval dispersal and form regional metacommunities, nested within a number of biogeographic provinces. Larval supply depends on the connectivity of the dispersal networks, and affects recoverability of communities from disturbances. However, it is unclear how the dispersal networks contribute to recoverability of local communities. Here, we integrated a population dynamics model and estimation of large scale dispersal networks. By simulating disturbances to vent fields, we mapped recoverability of communities in 131 hydrothermal vent fields in the western Pacific Ocean. Our analysis showed substantial variation in recovery time due to variation in regional connectivity between known vent fields, and was not qualitatively affected by potential larval recruitment from unknown vent fields. In certain cases, simultaneous disturbance of a series of vent fields either delayed or wholly prevented recovery. Our approach is applicable to a dispersal network estimated from genetic diversity. Our method not only reveals distribution of recoverability of chemosynthetic communities in hydrothermal vent fields, but is also a practical tool for planning conservation strategies.
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14
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Eilertsen MH, Georgieva MN, Kongsrud JA, Linse K, Wiklund H, Glover AG, Rapp HT. Genetic connectivity from the Arctic to the Antarctic: Sclerolinum contortum and Nicomache lokii (Annelida) are both widespread in reducing environments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4810. [PMID: 29556042 PMCID: PMC5859262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of large geographic ranges in the deep sea has been challenged by genetic studies, which often reveal putatively widespread species to be several taxa with more restricted ranges. Recently, a phylogeographic study revealed that the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum (Siboglinidae) inhabits vents and seeps from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Here, we further test the conspecificity of the same populations of S. contortum with additional mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We also investigate the genetic connectivity of another species with putatively the same wide geographic range - Nicomache lokii (Maldanidae). Our results support the present range of S. contortum, and the range of N. lokii is extended from vents and seeps in the Nordic Seas to mud volcanoes in the Barbados Trench and Antarctic vents. Sclerolinum contortum shows more pronounced geographic structure than N. lokii, but whether this is due to different dispersal capacities or reflects the geographic isolation of the sampled localities is unclear. Two distinct mitochondrial lineages of N. lokii are present in the Antarctic, which may result from two independent colonization events. The environmental conditions inhabited by the two species and implications for their distinct habitat preference is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Eilertsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Magdalena N Georgieva
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jon A Kongsrud
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Hans T Rapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Uni Research, Uni Environment, PO Box 7810, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
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15
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De Groote A, Hauquier F, Vanreusel A, Derycke S. Population genetic structure in Sabatieria (Nematoda) reveals intermediary gene flow and admixture between distant cold seeps from the Mediterranean Sea. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:154. [PMID: 28668078 PMCID: PMC5494145 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a general lack of information on the dispersal and genetic structuring for populations of small-sized deep-water taxa, including free-living nematodes which inhabit and dominate the seafloor sediments. This is also true for unique and scattered deep-sea habitats such as cold seeps. Given the limited dispersal capacity of marine nematodes, genetic differentiation between such geographically isolated habitat patches is expected to be high. Against this background, we examined genetic variation in both mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (18S and 28S ribosomal) DNA markers of 333 individuals of the genus Sabatieria, abundantly present in reduced cold-seep sediments. Samples originated from four Eastern Mediterranean cold seeps, separated by hundreds of kilometers, and one seep in the Southeast Atlantic. RESULTS Individuals from the Mediterranean and Atlantic were divided into two separate but closely-related species clades. Within the Eastern Mediterranean, all specimens belonged to a single species, but with a strong population genetic structure (ΦST = 0.149). The haplotype network of COI contained 19 haplotypes with the most abundant haplotype (52% of the specimens) shared between all four seeps. The number of private haplotypes was high (15), but the number of mutations between haplotypes was low (1-8). These results indicate intermediary gene flow among the Mediterranean Sabatieria populations with no evidence of long-term barriers to gene flow. CONCLUSIONS The presence of shared haplotypes and multiple admixture events indicate that Sabatieria populations from disjunct cold seeps are not completely isolated, with gene flow most likely facilitated through water current transportation of individuals and/or eggs. Genetic structure and molecular diversity indices are comparable to those of epiphytic shallow-water marine nematodes, while no evidence of sympatric cryptic species was found for the cold-seep Sabatieria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies De Groote
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freija Hauquier
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Derycke
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Ho PT, Park E, Hong SG, Kim EH, Kim K, Jang SJ, Vrijenhoek RC, Won YJ. Geographical structure of endosymbiotic bacteria hosted by Bathymodiolus mussels at eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:121. [PMID: 28558648 PMCID: PMC5450337 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemolithoautotrophic primary production sustains dense invertebrate communities at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps. Symbiotic bacteria that oxidize dissolved sulfur, methane, and hydrogen gases nourish bathymodiolin mussels that thrive in these environments worldwide. The mussel symbionts are newly acquired in each generation via infection by free-living forms. This study examined geographical subdivision of the thiotrophic endosymbionts hosted by Bathymodiolus mussels living along the eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents. High-throughput sequencing data of 16S ribosomal RNA encoding gene and fragments of six protein-coding genes of symbionts were examined in the samples collected from nine vent localities at the East Pacific Rise, Galápagos Rift, and Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. RESULTS Both of the parapatric sister-species, B. thermophilus and B. antarcticus, hosted the same numerically dominant phylotype of thiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria. However, sequences from six protein-coding genes revealed highly divergent symbiont lineages living north and south of the Easter Microplate and hosted by these two Bathymodiolus mussel species. High heterogeneity of symbiont haplotypes among host individuals sampled from the same location suggested that stochasticity associated with initial infections was amplified as symbionts proliferated within the host individuals. The mussel species presently contact one another and hybridize along the Easter Microplate, but the northern and southern symbionts appear to be completely isolated. Vicariance associated with orogeny of the Easter Microplate region, 2.5-5.3 million years ago, may have initiated isolation of the symbiont and host populations. Estimates of synonymous substitution rates for the protein-coding bacterial genes examined in this study were 0.77-1.62%/nucleotide/million years. CONCLUSIONS Our present study reports the most comprehensive population genetic analyses of the chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria based on high-throughput genetic data and extensive geographical sampling to date, and demonstrates the role of the geographical features, the Easter Microplate and geographical distance, in the intraspecific divergence of this bacterial species along the mid-ocean ridge axes in the eastern Pacific. Altogether, our results provide insights into extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting the dispersal and evolution of chemosynthetic symbiotic partners in the hydrothermal vents along the eastern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong-Thao Ho
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Soon Gyu Hong
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangchon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sook-Jin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Jin Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea. .,Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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17
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Jang SJ, Park E, Lee WK, Johnson SB, Vrijenhoek RC, Won YJ. Population subdivision of hydrothermal vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana across equatorial and Easter Microplate boundaries. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:235. [PMID: 27793079 PMCID: PMC5084463 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Equator and Easter Microplate regions of the eastern Pacific Ocean exhibit geomorphological and hydrological features that create barriers to dispersal for a number of animals associated with deep-sea hydrothermal vent habitats. This study examined effects of these boundaries on geographical subdivision of the vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana. DNA sequences from one mitochondrial and eleven nuclear genes were examined in samples collected from ten vent localities that comprise the species’ known range from 23°N latitude on the East Pacific Rise to 38°S latitude on the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. Results Multi-locus genotypes inferred from these sequences clustered the individual worms into three metapopulation segments — the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR), southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR), and northeastern Pacific Antarctic Ridge (PAR) — separated by the Equator and Easter Microplate boundaries. Genetic diversity estimators were negatively correlated with tectonic spreading rates. Application of the isolation-with-migration (IMa2) model provided information about divergence times and demographic parameters. The PAR and NEPR metapopulation segments were estimated to have split roughly 4.20 million years ago (Mya) (2.42–33.42 Mya, 95 % highest posterior density, (HPD)), followed by splitting of the SEPR and NEPR segments about 0.79 Mya (0.07–6.67 Mya, 95 % HPD). Estimates of gene flow between the neighboring regions were mostly low (2 Nm < 1). Estimates of effective population size decreased with southern latitudes: NEPR > SEPR > PAR. Conclusions Highly effective dispersal capabilities allow A. pompejana to overcome the temporal instability and intermittent distribution of active hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Consequently, the species exhibits very high levels of genetic diversity compared with many co-distributed vent annelids and mollusks. Nonetheless, its levels of genetic diversity in partially isolated populations are inversely correlated with tectonic spreading rates. As for many other vent taxa, this pioneering colonizer is similarly affected by local rates of habitat turnover and by major dispersal filters associated with the Equator and the Easter Microplate region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0807-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Jin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- Division of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Lee
- Division of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shannon B Johnson
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, 95039-9644, USA
| | | | - Yong-Jin Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Division of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Shen Y, Kou Q, Chen W, He S, Yang M, Li X, Gan X. Comparative population structure of two dominant species, Shinkaia crosnieri (Munidopsidae: Shinkaia) and Bathymodiolus platifrons (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus), inhabiting both deep-sea vent and cold seep inferred from mitochondrial multi-genes. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3571-3582. [PMID: 28725351 PMCID: PMC5513293 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, limited environments without sunlight, are two types of extreme habitat for marine organisms. The differences between vents and cold seeps may facilitate genetic isolation and produce population heterogeneity. However, information on such chemosynthetic fauna taxa is rare, especially regarding the population diversity of species inhabiting both vents and cold seeps. In this study, three mitochondrial DNA fragments (the cytochrome c oxidase submit I (COI), cytochrome b gene (Cytb), and 16S) were concatenated as a mitochondrial concatenated dataset (MCD) to examine the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of Shinkaia crosnieri and Bathymodiolus platifrons. The genetic diversity differences between vent and seep populations were statistically significant for S. crosnieri but not for B. platifrons. S. crosnieri showed less gene flow and higher levels of genetic differentiation between the vent and seep populations than B. platifrons. In addition, the results suggest that all the B. platifrons populations, but only the S. crosnieri vent populations, passed through a recent expansion or bottleneck. Therefore, different population distribution patterns for the two dominant species were detected; a pattern of population differentiation for S. crosnieri and a homogeneity pattern for B. platifrons. These different population distribution patterns were related to both extrinsic restrictive factors and intrinsic factors. Based on the fact that the two species were collected in almost identical or adjacent sampling sites, we speculated that the primary factors underlying the differences in the population distribution patterns were intrinsic. The historical demographics, dispersal ability, and the tolerance level of environmental heterogeneity are most likely responsible for the different distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072HubeiChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039China
| | - Qi Kou
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Weitao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072HubeiChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039China
| | - Shunping He
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072HubeiChina
| | - Mei Yang
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Xiaoni Gan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072HubeiChina
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19
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Quantifying dispersal from hydrothermal vent fields in the western Pacific Ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2976-81. [PMID: 26929376 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518395113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent fields in the western Pacific Ocean are mostly distributed along spreading centers in submarine basins behind convergent plate boundaries. Larval dispersal resulting from deep-ocean circulations is one of the major factors influencing gene flow, diversity, and distributions of vent animals. By combining a biophysical model and deep-profiling float experiments, we quantify potential larval dispersal of vent species via ocean circulation in the western Pacific Ocean. We demonstrate that vent fields within back-arc basins could be well connected without particular directionality, whereas basin-to-basin dispersal is expected to occur infrequently, once in tens to hundreds of thousands of years, with clear dispersal barriers and directionality associated with ocean currents. The southwest Pacific vent complex, spanning more than 4,000 km, may be connected by the South Equatorial Current for species with a longer-than-average larval development time. Depending on larval dispersal depth, a strong western boundary current, the Kuroshio Current, could bridge vent fields from the Okinawa Trough to the Izu-Bonin Arc, which are 1,200 km apart. Outcomes of this study should help marine ecologists estimate gene flow among vent populations and design optimal marine conservation plans to protect one of the most unusual ecosystems on Earth.
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20
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Klimenko AI, Matushkin YG, Kolchanov NA, Lashin SA. Bacteriophages affect evolution of bacterial communities in spatially distributed habitats: a simulation study. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16 Suppl 1:10. [PMID: 26823184 PMCID: PMC4895265 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteriophages are known to be one of the driving forces of bacterial evolution. Besides promoting horizontal transfer of genes between cells, they may induce directional selection of cells (for instance, according to more or less resistance to phage infection). Switching between lysogenic and lytic pathways results in various types of (co)evolution in host-phage systems. Spatial (more generally, ecological) organization of the living environment is another factor affecting evolution. In this study, we have simulated and analyzed a series of computer models of microbial communities evolving in spatially distributed environments under the pressure of phage infection. Results We modeled evolving microbial communities living in spatially distributed flowing environments. Non-specific nutrient supplied in the only spatial direction, resulting in its non-uniform distribution in environment. We varied the time and the location of initial phage infestation of cells as well as switched chemotaxis on and off. Simulations were performed with the Haploid evolutionary constructor software (http://evol-constructor.bionet.nsc.ru/). Conclusion Simulations have shown that the spatial location of initial phage invasion may lead to different evolutionary scenarios. Phage infection decreases the speciation rate by more than one order as far as intensified selection blocks the origin of novel viable populations/species, which could carve out potential ecological niches. The dependence of speciation rate on the invasion node location varied on the time of invasion. Speciation rate was found to be lower when the phage invaded fully formed community of sedentary cells (at middle and late times) at the species-rich regions. This is especially noticeable in the case of late-time invasion. Our simulation study has shown that phage infection affects evolution of microbial community slowing down speciation and stabilizing the system as a whole. This influencing varied in its efficiency depending on spatially-ecological factors as well as community state at the moment of phage invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0620-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Igorevna Klimenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova st. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | | | - Nikolay Alexandrovich Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova st. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Sergey Alexandrovich Lashin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova st. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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21
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Sayavedra L, Kleiner M, Ponnudurai R, Wetzel S, Pelletier E, Barbe V, Satoh N, Shoguchi E, Fink D, Breusing C, Reusch TBH, Rosenstiel P, Schilhabel MB, Becher D, Schweder T, Markert S, Dubilier N, Petersen JM. Abundant toxin-related genes in the genomes of beneficial symbionts from deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels. eLife 2015; 4:e07966. [PMID: 26371554 PMCID: PMC4612132 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bathymodiolus mussels live in symbiosis with intracellular sulfur-oxidizing (SOX) bacteria that provide them with nutrition. We sequenced the SOX symbiont genomes from two Bathymodiolus species. Comparison of these symbiont genomes with those of their closest relatives revealed that the symbionts have undergone genome rearrangements, and up to 35% of their genes may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Many of the genes specific to the symbionts were homologs of virulence genes. We discovered an abundant and diverse array of genes similar to insecticidal toxins of nematode and aphid symbionts, and toxins of pathogens such as Yersinia and Vibrio. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that the SOX symbionts express the toxin-related genes (TRGs) in their hosts. We hypothesize that the symbionts use these TRGs in beneficial interactions with their host, including protection against parasites. This would explain why a mutualistic symbiont would contain such a remarkable 'arsenal' of TRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ruby Ponnudurai
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Wetzel
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Genoscope - Centre National de Séquençage, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Evry, France
- Metabolic Genomics Group, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Evry, France
- University of Évry-Val d'Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Valerie Barbe
- Genoscope - Centre National de Séquençage, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Evry, France
| | - Nori Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Japan
| | - Eiichi Shoguchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Japan
| | - Dennis Fink
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Corinna Breusing
- Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten BH Reusch
- Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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22
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Thaler AD, Plouviez S, Saleu W, Alei F, Jacobson A, Boyle EA, Schultz TF, Carlsson J, Van Dover CL. Comparative population structure of two deep-sea hydrothermal-vent-associated decapods (Chorocaris sp. 2 and Munidopsis lauensis) from southwestern Pacific back-arc basins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101345. [PMID: 24983244 PMCID: PMC4077841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of genetic connectivity and population structure in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems often focus on endosymbiont-hosting species that are directly dependent on chemical energy extracted from vent effluent for survival. Relatively little attention has been paid to vent-associated species that are not exclusively dependent on chemosynthetic ecosystems. Here we assess connectivity and population structure of two vent-associated invertebrates—the shrimp Chorocaris sp. 2 and the squat lobster Munidopsis lauensis—that are common at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the western Pacific. While Chorocaris sp. 2 has only been observed at hydrothermal vent sites, M. lauensis can be found throughout the deep sea but occurs in higher abundance around the periphery of active vents We sequenced mitochondrial COI genes and deployed nuclear microsatellite markers for both species at three sites in Manus Basin and either North Fiji Basin (Chorocaris sp. 2) or Lau Basin (Munidopsis lauensis). We assessed genetic differentiation across a range of spatial scales, from approximately 2.5 km to more than 3000 km. Population structure for Chorocaris sp. 2 was comparable to that of the vent-associated snail Ifremeria nautilei, with a single seemingly well-mixed population within Manus Basin that is genetically differentiated from conspecifics in North Fiji Basin. Population structure for Munidopsis lauensis was more complex, with two genetically differentiated populations in Manus Basin and a third well-differentiated population in Lau Basin. The unexpectedly high level of genetic differentiation between M. lauensis populations in Manus Basin deserves further study since it has implications for conservation and management of diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Thaler
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sophie Plouviez
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Saleu
- Nautilus Minerals, Port Moresby, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Freddie Alei
- Environmental Science and Geography Division, School of Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alixandra Jacobson
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily A. Boyle
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Schultz
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jens Carlsson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cindy Lee Van Dover
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
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Fontanez KM, Cavanaugh CM. Evidence for horizontal transmission from multilocus phylogeny of deep-sea mussel (Mytilidae) symbionts. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:3608-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Fontanez
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Colleen M. Cavanaugh
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Plouviez S, Faure B, Le Guen D, Lallier FH, Bierne N, Jollivet D. A new barrier to dispersal trapped old genetic clines that escaped the Easter Microplate tension zone of the Pacific vent mussels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81555. [PMID: 24312557 PMCID: PMC3846894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative phylogeography of deep-sea hydrothermal vent species has uncovered several genetic breaks between populations inhabiting northern and southern latitudes of the East Pacific Rise. However, the geographic width and position of genetic clines are variable among species. In this report, we further characterize the position and strength of barriers to gene flow between populations of the deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus. Eight allozyme loci and DNA sequences of four nuclear genes were added to previously published sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Our data confirm the presence of two barriers to gene flow, one located at the Easter Microplate (between 21°33′S and 31°S) recently described as a hybrid zone, and the second positioned between 7°25′S and 14°S with each affecting different loci. Coalescence analysis indicates a single vicariant event at the origin of divergence between clades for all nuclear loci, although the clines are now spatially discordant. We thus hypothesize that the Easter Microplate barrier has recently been relaxed after a long period of isolation and that some genetic clines have escaped the barrier and moved northward where they have subsequently been trapped by a reinforcing barrier to gene flow between 7°25′S and 14°S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Plouviez
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Baptiste Faure
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Station Méditerranéenne de l’Environnement Littoral, Sète, France
| | - Dominique Le Guen
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - François H. Lallier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Nicolas Bierne
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Station Méditerranéenne de l’Environnement Littoral, Sète, France
| | - Didier Jollivet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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Thubaut J, Puillandre N, Faure B, Cruaud C, Samadi S. The contrasted evolutionary fates of deep-sea chemosynthetic mussels (Bivalvia, Bathymodiolinae). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4748-66. [PMID: 24363902 PMCID: PMC3867909 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bathymodiolinae are giant mussels that were discovered at hydrothermal vents and harboring chemosynthetic symbionts. Due to their close phylogenetic relationship with seep species and tiny mussels from organic substrates, it was hypothesized that they gradually evolved from shallow to deeper environments, and specialized in decaying organic remains, then in seeps, and finally colonized deep-sea vents. Here, we present a multigene phylogeny that reveals that most of the genera are polyphyletic and/or paraphyletic. The robustness of the phylogeny allows us to revise the genus-level classification. Organic remains are robustly supported as the ancestral habitat for Bathymodiolinae. However, rather than a single step toward colonization of vents and seeps, recurrent habitat shifts from organic substrates to vents and seeps occurred during evolution, and never the reverse. This new phylogenetic framework challenges the gradualist scenarios “from shallow to deep.” Mussels from organic remains tolerate a large range of ecological conditions and display a spectacular species diversity contrary to vent mussels, although such habitats are yet underexplored compared to vents and seeps. Overall, our data suggest that for deep-sea mussels, the high specialization to vent habitats provides ecological success in this harsh habitat but also brings the lineage to a kind of evolutionary dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Thubaut
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Unité Mixte de Recherche 7138 (UPMC-IRD-MNHN-CNRS), "Systématique Adaptation et Evolution", 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Unité Mixte de Recherche 7138 (UPMC-IRD-MNHN-CNRS), "Systématique Adaptation et Evolution", 75005, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Faure
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie 29680, Roscoff, France ; Biotope Service Recherche et Développement, BP58 34140, Mèze, France
| | | | - Sarah Samadi
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Unité Mixte de Recherche 7138 (UPMC-IRD-MNHN-CNRS), "Systématique Adaptation et Evolution", 75005, Paris, France
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Lorion J, Kiel S, Faure B, Kawato M, Ho SYW, Marshall B, Tsuchida S, Miyazaki JI, Fujiwara Y. Adaptive radiation of chemosymbiotic deep-sea mussels. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131243. [PMID: 24048154 PMCID: PMC3779325 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiations present fascinating opportunities for studying the evolutionary process. Most cases come from isolated lakes or islands, where unoccupied ecological space is filled through novel adaptations. Here, we describe an unusual example of an adaptive radiation: symbiotic mussels that colonized island-like chemosynthetic environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps and sunken organic substrates on the vast deep-sea floor. Our time-calibrated molecular phylogeny suggests that the group originated and acquired sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in the Late Cretaceous, possibly while inhabiting organic substrates and long before its major radiation in the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene. The first appearance of intracellular and methanotrophic symbionts was detected only after this major radiation. Thus, contrary to expectations, the major radiation may have not been triggered by the evolution of novel types of symbioses. We hypothesize that environmental factors, such as increased habitat availability and/or increased dispersal capabilities, sparked the radiation. Intracellular and methanotrophic symbionts were acquired in several independent lineages and marked the onset of a second wave of diversification at vents and seeps. Changes in habitat type resulted in adaptive trends in shell lengths (related to the availability of space and energy, and physiological trade-offs) and in the successive colonization of greater water depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lorion
- Marine Ecosystems Research Department, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), , 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan, Geoscience Center, Geobiology Group, University of Göttingen, , Goldschmidtstrasse 3, Göttingen 37077, Germany, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, , University Park, PA 16802, USA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, , Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, , PO Box 467, 169 Tory St., Te Aro, Wellington 6011, New Zealand, Faculty of Education and Human Sciences, University of Yamanashi, , Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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Thubaut J, Corbari L, Gros O, Duperron S, Couloux A, Samadi S. Integrative biology of Idas iwaotakii (Habe, 1958), a 'model species' associated with sunken organic substrates. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69680. [PMID: 23894520 PMCID: PMC3722101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant bathymodioline mussels from vents have been studied as models to understand the adaptation of organisms to deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. These mussels are closely related to minute mussels associated to organic remains decaying on the deep-sea floor. Whereas biological data accumulate for the giant mussels, the small mussels remain poorly studied. Despite this lack of data for species living on organic remains it has been hypothesized that during evolution, contrary to their relatives from vents or seeps, they did not acquire highly specialized biological features. We aim at testing this hypothesis by providing new biological data for species associated with organic falls. Within Bathymodiolinae a close phylogenetic relationship was revealed between the Bathymodiolus sensu stricto lineage (i.e. “thermophilus” lineage) which includes exclusively vent and seep species, and a diversified lineage of small mussels, attributed to the genus Idas, that includes mostly species from organic falls. We selected Idas iwaotakii (Habe, 1958) from this latter lineage to analyse population structure and to document biological features. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveal a north-south genetic structure at an oceanic scale in the Western Pacific but no structure was revealed at a regional scale or as correlated with the kind of substrate or depth. The morphology of larval shells suggests substantial dispersal abilities. Nutritional features were assessed by examining bacterial diversity coupled by a microscopic analysis of the digestive tract. Molecular data demonstrated the presence of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria resembling those identified in other Bathymodiolinae. In contrast with most Bathymodiolus s.s. species the digestive tract of I. iwaotakii is not reduced. Combining data from literature with the present data shows that most of the important biological features are shared between Bathymodiolus s.s. species and its sister-lineage. However Bathymodiolus s.s. species are ecologically more restricted and also display a lower species richness than Idas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Thubaut
- Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-IRD-MNHN-CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.
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Shea K, Metaxas A, Young CR, Fisher CR. Processes and Interactions in Macrofaunal Assemblages at Hydrothermal Vents: A Modeling Perspective. MAGMA TO MICROBE: MODELING HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES AT OCEAN SPREADING CENTERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/178gm13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Johnson SB, Won YJ, Harvey JB, Vrijenhoek RC. A hybrid zone between Bathymodiolus mussel lineages from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23347448 PMCID: PMC3740784 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inhabitants of deep-sea hydrothermal vents occupy ephemeral island-like habitats distributed sporadically along tectonic spreading-centers, back-arc basins, and volcanically active seamounts. The majority of vent taxa undergo a pelagic larval phase, and thus varying degrees of geographical subdivision, ranging from no impedance of dispersal to complete isolation, often exist among taxa that span common geomorphological boundaries. Two lineages of Bathymodiolus mussels segregate on either side of the Easter Microplate, a boundary that separates the East Pacific Rise from spreading centers connected to the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. Results A recent sample from the northwest flank of the Easter Microplate contained an admixture of northern and southern mitochondrial haplotypes and corresponding alleles at five nuclear gene loci. Genotypic frequencies in this sample did not fit random mating expectation. Significant heterozygote deficiencies at nuclear loci and gametic disequilibria between loci suggested that this transitional region might be a ‘Tension Zone’ maintained by immigration of parental types and possibly hybrid unfitness. An analysis of recombination history in the nuclear genes suggests a prolonged history of parapatric contact between the two mussel lineages. We hereby elevate the southern lineage to species status as Bathymodiolus antarcticus n. sp. and restrict the use of Bathymodiolus thermophilus to the northern lineage. Conclusions Because B. thermophilus s.s. exhibits no evidence for subdivision or isolation-by-distance across its 4000 km range along the EPR axis and Galápagos Rift, partial isolation of B. antarcticus n. sp. requires explanation. The time needed to produce the observed degree of mitochondrial differentiation is consistent with the age of the Easter Microplate (2.5 to 5.3 million years). The complex geomorphology of the Easter Microplate region forces strong cross-axis currents that might disrupt self-recruitment of mussels by removing planktotrophic larvae from the ridge axis. Furthermore, frequent local extinction events in this tectonically dynamic region might produce a demographic sink rather than a source for dispersing mussel larvae. Historical changes in tectonic rates and current patterns appear to permit intermittent contact and introgression between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B Johnson
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039-9644, USA.
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González VL, Giribet G. A New Cryptic Species of Carditid Bivalve from the Gulf of California (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Archiheterodonta, Carditidae). MALACOLOGIA 2012. [DOI: 10.4002/040.055.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Herrera S, Shank TM, Sánchez JA. Spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation in the widespread antitropical deep-sea coralParagorgia arborea. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:6053-67. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. M. Shank
- Biology Department; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 266 Woods Hole Road; Woods Hole; MA; 02543; USA
| | - J. A. Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular Marina (BIOMMAR), Departamento Ciencias Biologicas; Universidad de los Andes; Carrera 1E No 18A - 10; Bogota; Colombia
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van der Heijden K, Petersen JM, Dubilier N, Borowski C. Genetic connectivity between north and south Mid-Atlantic Ridge chemosynthetic bivalves and their symbionts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39994. [PMID: 22792208 PMCID: PMC3391212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transform faults are geological structures that interrupt the continuity of mid-ocean ridges and can act as dispersal barriers for hydrothermal vent organisms. In the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, it has been hypothesized that long transform faults impede gene flow between the northern and the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and disconnect a northern from a southern biogeographic province. To test if there is a barrier effect in the equatorial Atlantic, we examined phylogenetic relationships of chemosynthetic bivalves and their bacterial symbionts from the recently discovered southern MAR hydrothermal vents at 5°S and 9°S. We examined Bathymodiolus spp. mussels and Abyssogena southwardae clams using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a phylogenetic marker for the hosts and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene as a marker for the symbionts. Bathymodiolus spp. from the two southern sites were genetically divergent from the northern MAR species B. azoricus and B. puteoserpentis but all four host lineages form a monophyletic group indicating that they radiated after divergence from their northern Atlantic sister group, the B. boomerang species complex. This suggests dispersal of Bathymodiolus species from north to south across the equatorial belt. 16S rRNA genealogies of chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbionts of Bathymodiolus spp. were inconsistent and did not match the host COI genealogy indicating disconnected biogeography patterns. The vesicomyid clam Abyssogena southwardae from 5°S shared an identical COI haplotype with A. southwardae from the Logatchev vent field on the northern MAR and their symbionts shared identical 16S phylotypes, suggesting gene flow across the Equator. Our results indicate genetic connectivity between the northern and southern MAR and suggest that a strict dispersal barrier does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jillian M. Petersen
- Symbiosis Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Symbiosis Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Borowski
- Symbiosis Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lévy-Hartmann L, Roussel V, Letourneur Y, Sellos DY. Global and New Caledonian patterns of population genetic variation in the deep-sea splendid alfonsino, Beryx splendens, inferred from mtDNA. Genetica 2012; 139:1349-65. [PMID: 22527688 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Splendid alfonsino Beryx splendens is a commercial species in several countries, but is not currently exploited in New Caledonia. Information on species biology and genetics can influence the development of fisheries and assist in their management, but the genetic structuring and diversity of B. splendens populations remain largely unknown. To improve knowledge of genetic parameters, we used mitochondrial DNA sequences to conduct a comparative study of populations from throughout the world. Fragments of 815 bp of cytochrome b gene were sequenced and used to interpret the species history. We analyzed 204 individuals representing 14 geographical populations worldwide. A special focus was put on populations from New Caledonia. Analysis of variation between sequences, based on pairwise F statistics and AMOVA, demonstrated a population subdivision between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans (Fst = 0.11-0.32; P < 0.05). Minimum-spanning network analysis revealed a mainly star-shaped pattern, with two lineages that may represent population expansion following a bottleneck/founder event and/or suggest colonization by migratory events over large distances. Our observations demonstrated that the species seems to follow the oceanic currents. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed 122 variable sites, which defined numerous haplotypes, some associated with particular geographical regions. These data suggest an extremely high intra-specific genetic diversity, even at small scales. Focusing on the New Caledonia area, statistical analysis did not reveal sub-structuring among samples, suggesting again that at least a fraction of individuals migrate. No significant isolation by distance pattern was observed in this species (R = -0.22; P = 0.79) among seamount populations in the EEZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriana Lévy-Hartmann
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France.
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Mateos M, Hurtado LA, Santamaria CA, Leignel V, Guinot D. Molecular systematics of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent endemic Brachyuran family Bythograeidae: a comparison of three Bayesian species tree methods. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32066. [PMID: 22403623 PMCID: PMC3293879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachyuran crabs of the family Bythograeidae are endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and represent one of the most successful groups of macroinvertebrates that have colonized this extreme environment. Occurring worldwide, the family includes six genera (Allograea, Austinograea, Bythograea, Cyanagraea, Gandalfus, and Segonzacia) and fourteen formally described species. To investigate their evolutionary relationships, we conducted Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequences from fragments of three mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, Cytochrome oxidase I, and Cytochrome b) and three nuclear genes (28S rDNA, the sodium-potassium ATPase a-subunit 'NaK', and Histone H3A). We employed traditional concatenated (i.e., supermatrix) phylogenetic methods, as well as three recently developed Bayesian multilocus methods aimed at inferring species trees from potentially discordant gene trees. We found strong support for two main clades within Bythograeidae: one comprising the members of the genus Bythograea; and the other comprising the remaining genera. Relationships within each of these two clades were partially resolved. We compare our results with an earlier hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships among bythograeid genera based on morphology. We also discuss the biogeography of the family in the light of our results. Our species tree analyses reveal differences in how each of the three methods weighs conflicting phylogenetic signal from different gene partitions and how limits on the number of outgroup taxa may affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mateos
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Hurtado
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Santamaria
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire Mer-Molécules-Santé, Université du Maine, L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (L'UNAM), Le Mans, France
| | - Danièle Guinot
- Département Milieux et Peuplements aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Gooday AJ, Jorissen FJ. Benthic foraminiferal biogeography: controls on global distribution patterns in deep-water settings. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2012; 4:237-62. [PMID: 22457975 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Benthic foraminifera, shell-bearing protists, are familiar from geological studies. Although many species are well known, undescribed single-chambered forms are common in the deep sea. Coastal and sublittoral species often have restricted distributions, but wide ranges are more frequent among deep-water species, particularly at abyssal depths. This probably reflects the transport of tiny propagules by currents across ocean basins that present few insurmountable barriers to dispersal, combined with slow rates of evolution. Undersampling of the vast deep-sea habitat, however, makes it very difficult to establish the ranges of less common foraminiferal species, and endemism may be more prevalent than currently realized. On continental slopes, some species have restricted distributions, but wide-ranging bathyal species that exhibit considerable morphological variation are more common. This may be linked to the greater heterogeneity of continental slopes compared with oceans basins. Improved knowledge of deep-sea foraminiferal biogeography requires sound morphology-based taxonomy combined with molecular genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gooday
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
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Thaler AD, Zelnio K, Saleu W, Schultz TF, Carlsson J, Cunningham C, Vrijenhoek RC, Van Dover CL. The spatial scale of genetic subdivision in populations of Ifremeria nautilei, a hydrothermal-vent gastropod from the southwest Pacific. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:372. [PMID: 22192622 PMCID: PMC3265507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep-sea hydrothermal vents provide patchy, ephemeral habitats for specialized communities of animals that depend on chemoautotrophic primary production. Unlike eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents, where population structure has been studied at large (thousands of kilometres) and small (hundreds of meters) spatial scales, population structure of western Pacific vents has received limited attention. This study addresses the scale at which genetic differentiation occurs among populations of a western Pacific vent-restricted gastropod, Ifremeria nautilei. RESULTS We used mitochondrial and DNA microsatellite markers to infer patterns of gene flow and population subdivision. A nested sampling strategy was employed to compare genetic diversity in discrete patches of Ifremeria nautilei separated by a few meters within a single vent field to distances as great as several thousand kilometres between back-arc basins that encompass the known range of the species. No genetic subdivisions were detected among patches, mounds, or sites within Manus Basin. Although I. nautilei from Lau and North Fiji Basins (~1000 km apart) also exhibited no evidence for genetic subdivision, these populations were genetically distinct from the Manus Basin population. CONCLUSIONS An unknown process that restricts contemporary gene flow isolates the Manus Basin population of Ifremeria nautilei from widespread populations that occupy the North Fiji and Lau Basins. A robust understanding of the genetic structure of hydrothermal vent populations at multiple spatial scales defines natural conservation units and can help minimize loss of genetic diversity in situations where human activities are proposed and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Thaler
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
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Analysis of the community structure of abyssal kinetoplastids revealed similar communities at larger spatial scales. ISME JOURNAL 2011; 6:713-23. [PMID: 22071346 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the spatial scales of diversity is necessary to evaluate the mechanisms driving biodiversity and biogeography in the vast but poorly understood deep sea. The community structure of kinetoplastids, an important group of microbial eukaryotes belonging to the Euglenozoa, from all abyssal plains of the South Atlantic and two areas of the eastern Mediterranean was studied using partial small subunit ribosomal DNA gene clone libraries. A total of 1364 clones from 10 different regions were retrieved. The analysis revealed statistically not distinguishable communities from both the South-East Atlantic (Angola and Guinea Basin) and the South-West Atlantic (Angola and Brazil Basin) at spatial scales of 1000-3000 km, whereas all other communities were significantly differentiated from one another. It seems likely that multiple processes operate at the same time to shape communities of deep-sea kinetoplastids. Nevertheless, constant and homogenous environmental conditions over large spatial scales at abyssal depths, together with high dispersal capabilities of microbial eukaryotes, maintain best the results of statistically indistinguishable communities at larger spatial scales.
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Lopes DA, Hajdu E, Reiswig HM. Taxonomy of Farrea (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Hexactinosida) from the southwestern Atlantic, with description of a new species and a discussion on the recognition of subspecies in Porifera. CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports three species of Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 from Campos Basin (southwestern Atlantic): Farrea herdendorfi Duplessis and Reiswig, 2004, Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862, and Farrea campossinus sp. nov. This is the first record of F. herdendorfi for the South Atlantic and only the second record of the species worldwide. Farrea occa is described and reported to form mass occurrences in the area’s sponge and coral banks, as seen in extensive video recording undertaken between 900 and 1100 m depth. The new species approaches Farrea foliascens Topsent, 1906 very closely, but differs in that its hooked anchorate clavules are much larger and the meshes of its dictyonal framework rather more irregular. Our thoughts on whether the proposed new species deserved species or subspecies rank led to an investigation on the usage of subspecies rank in Porifera. A historical overview, mainly contrasting Demospongiae and Hexactinellida is offered here. We concluded that no rule of thumb is readily made out from the comparative analysis of various authors’ taxonomic decisions. Until one such agreement is achieved, it appears to us that naming new subspecies should be objectively argued for, or better, totally avoided, as a useless further dimension to taxonomic uncertainty in poriferan classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Lopes
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Natural History Section, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - E. Hajdu
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Natural History Section, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - H. M. Reiswig
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Natural History Section, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
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Charruau P, Fernandes C, Orozco-Terwengel P, Peters J, Hunter L, Ziaie H, Jourabchian A, Jowkar H, Schaller G, Ostrowski S, Vercammen P, Grange T, Schlötterer C, Kotze A, Geigl EM, Walzer C, Burger PA. Phylogeography, genetic structure and population divergence time of cheetahs in Africa and Asia: evidence for long-term geographic isolates. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:706-24. [PMID: 21214655 PMCID: PMC3531615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has been described as a species with low levels of genetic variation. This has been suggested to be the consequence of a demographic bottleneck 10 000–12 000 years ago (ya) and also led to the assumption that only small genetic differences exist between the described subspecies. However, analysing mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites in cheetah samples from most of the historic range of the species we found relatively deep phylogeographic breaks between some of the investigated populations, and most of the methods assessed divergence time estimates predating the postulated bottleneck. Mitochondrial DNA monophyly and overall levels of genetic differentiation support the distinctiveness of Northern-East African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii). Moreover, combining archaeozoological and contemporary samples, we show that Asiatic cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) are unambiguously separated from African subspecies. Divergence time estimates from mitochondrial and nuclear data place the split between Asiatic and Southern African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) at 32 000–67 000 ya using an average mammalian microsatellite mutation rate and at 4700–44 000 ya employing human microsatellite mutation rates. Cheetahs are vulnerable to extinction globally and critically endangered in their Asiatic range, where the last 70–110 individuals survive only in Iran. We demonstrate that these extant Iranian cheetahs are an autochthonous monophyletic population and the last representatives of the Asiatic subspecies A. j. venaticus. We advocate that conservation strategies should consider the uncovered independent evolutionary histories of Asiatic and African cheetahs, as well as among some African subspecies. This would facilitate the dual conservation priorities of maintaining locally adapted ecotypes and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Charruau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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McClain CR, Hardy SM. The dynamics of biogeographic ranges in the deep sea. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:3533-46. [PMID: 20667884 PMCID: PMC2982252 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances such as fishing, mining, oil drilling, bioprospecting, warming, and acidification in the deep sea are increasing, yet generalities about deep-sea biogeography remain elusive. Owing to the lack of perceived environmental variability and geographical barriers, ranges of deep-sea species were traditionally assumed to be exceedingly large. In contrast, seamount and chemosynthetic habitats with reported high endemicity challenge the broad applicability of a single biogeographic paradigm for the deep sea. New research benefiting from higher resolution sampling, molecular methods and public databases can now more rigorously examine dispersal distances and species ranges on the vast ocean floor. Here, we explore the major outstanding questions in deep-sea biogeography. Based on current evidence, many taxa appear broadly distributed across the deep sea, a pattern replicated in both the abyssal plains and specialized environments such as hydrothermal vents. Cold waters may slow larval metabolism and development augmenting the great intrinsic ability for dispersal among many deep-sea species. Currents, environmental shifts, and topography can prove to be dispersal barriers but are often semipermeable. Evidence of historical events such as points of faunal origin and climatic fluctuations are also evident in contemporary biogeographic ranges. Continued synthetic analysis, database construction, theoretical advancement and field sampling will be required to further refine hypotheses regarding deep-sea biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R McClain
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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VRIJENHOEK ROBERTC. Genetic diversity and connectivity of deep-sea hydrothermal vent metapopulations. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4391-411. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Olu K, Cordes EE, Fisher CR, Brooks JM, Sibuet M, Desbruyères D. Biogeography and potential exchanges among the atlantic Equatorial belt cold-seep faunas. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11967. [PMID: 20700528 PMCID: PMC2916822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Like hydrothermal vents along oceanic ridges, cold seeps are patchy and isolated ecosystems along continental margins, extending from bathyal to abyssal depths. The Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Guinea, was one focus of the Census of Marine Life ChEss (Chemosynthetic Ecosystems) program to study biogeography of seep and vent fauna. We present a review and analysis of collections from five seep regions along the AEB: the Gulf of Mexico where extensive faunal sampling has been conducted from 400 to 3300 m, the Barbados accretionary prism, the Blake ridge diapir, and in the Eastern Atlantic from the Congo and Gabon margins and the recently explored Nigeria margin. Of the 72 taxa identified at the species level, a total of 9 species or species complexes are identified as amphi-Atlantic. Similarity analyses based on both Bray Curtis and Hellinger distances among 9 faunal collections, and principal component analysis based on presence/absence of megafauna species at these sites, suggest that within the AEB seep megafauna community structure is influenced primarily by depth rather than by geographic distance. Depth segregation is observed between 1000 and 2000 m, with the middle slope sites either grouped with those deeper than 2000 m or with the shallower sites. The highest level of community similarity was found between the seeps of the Florida escarpment and Congo margin. In the western Atlantic, the highest degree of similarity is observed between the shallowest sites of the Barbados prism and of the Louisiana slope. The high number of amphi-atlantic cold-seep species that do not cluster according to biogeographic regions, and the importance of depth in structuring AEB cold-seep communities are the major conclusions of this study. The hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) did not appear as "stepping stones" for dispersal of the AEB seep fauna, however, the south MAR and off axis regions should be further explored to more fully test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Olu
- Département Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds (DEEP), IFREMER, BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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New insights into diversity and evolution of deep-sea Mytilidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:71-83. [PMID: 20558305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bathymodiolinae mussels have been used as a biological model to better understand the evolutionary origin of faunas associated with deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Most studies to date, however, have sampled with a strong bias towards vent and seep species, mainly because of a lack of knowledge of closely related species from organic falls. Here we reassess the species diversity of deep-sea mussels using two genes and a large taxon sample from the South-Western Pacific. This new taxonomic framework serves as a basis for a phylogenetic investigation of their evolutionary history. We first highlight an unexpected allopatric pattern and suggest that mussels usually reported from organic falls are in fact poorly specialized with regard to their environment. This challenges the adaptive scenarios proposed to explain the diversification of the group. Second, we confirm that deep-sea mussels arose from organic falls and then colonized hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in multiple events. Overall, this study constitutes a new basis for further phylogenetic investigations and a global systematic revision of deep-sea mussels.
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CASTELIN MAGALIE, LAMBOURDIERE JOSIE, BOISSELIER MARIECATHERINE, LOZOUET PIERRE, COULOUX ARNAUD, CRUAUD CORINNE, SAMADI SARAH. Hidden diversity and endemism on seamounts: focus on poorly dispersive neogastropods. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Larvae from afar colonize deep-sea hydrothermal vents after a catastrophic eruption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7829-34. [PMID: 20385811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913187107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The planktonic larval stage is a critical component of life history in marine benthic species because it confers the ability to disperse, potentially connecting remote populations and leading to colonization of new sites. Larval-mediated connectivity is particularly intriguing in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities, where the habitat is patchy, transient, and often separated by tens or hundreds of kilometers. A recent catastrophic eruption at vents near 9 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise created a natural clearance experiment and provided an opportunity to study larval supply in the absence of local source populations. Previous field observations have suggested that established vent populations may retain larvae and be largely self-sustaining. If this hypothesis is correct, the removal of local populations should result in a dramatic change in the flux, and possibly species composition, of settling larvae. Fortuitously, monitoring of larval supply and colonization at the site had been established before the eruption and resumed shortly afterward. We detected a striking change in species composition of larvae and colonists after the eruption, most notably the appearance of the gastropod Ctenopelta porifera, an immigrant from possibly more than 300 km away, and the disappearance of a suite of species that formerly had been prominent. This switch demonstrates that larval supply can change markedly after removal of local source populations, enabling recolonization via immigrants from distant sites with different species composition. Population connectivity at this site appears to be temporally variable, depending not only on stochasticity in larval supply, but also on the presence of resident populations.
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Audzijonyte A, Vrijenhoek RC. When gaps really are gaps: statistical phylogeography of hydrothermal vent invertebrates. Evolution 2010; 64:2369-84. [PMID: 20298432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The invertebrate animals endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents are distributed intermittently along relatively linear oceanic ridge axes. A one-dimensional stepping-stone model, therefore, provides a reasonable starting hypothesis of population structure for these species. Nevertheless, population genetic studies of many species from eastern Pacific vents did not detect the expected signatures of isolation-by-distance (IBD). Instead, distinct patterns of geographical subdivision have been attributed to the unique dispersal modes of individual species, topographical discontinuities of the ridge axes, nonequilibrium metapopulation scenarios and cryptic species. Here, we reexamined these inferences in light of expectations generated by computer simulations of a one-dimensional stepping-stone model. We evaluated whether the previously inferred subdivisions are statistically robust to an alternative explanation that continuous stepping-stone migration has occurred along the ridge axes but discontinuities in the sampling design (gaps) have generated the apparent disjunctions. We found that previous inferences about barriers to gene flow (vicariance) were supported in many cases, but that failures to detect evidence for IBD could be explained by low statistical power associated with the sampling effort. The simulation approaches presented here might be useful for testing the significance of inferred phylogeographic gaps in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Audzijonyte
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California 95039, USA.
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47
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A remarkable diversity of bone-eating worms (Osedax; Siboglinidae; Annelida). BMC Biol 2009; 7:74. [PMID: 19903327 PMCID: PMC2780999 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-7-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone-eating Osedax worms have proved to be surprisingly diverse and widespread. Including the initial description of this genus in 2004, five species that live at depths between 25 and 3,000 m in the eastern and western Pacific and in the north Atlantic have been named to date. Here, we provide molecular and morphological evidence for 12 additional evolutionary lineages from Monterey Bay, California. To assess their phylogenetic relationships and possible status as new undescribed species, we examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and three nuclear genes (H3, 18S and 28S rRNA). Results Phylogenetic analyses identified 17 distinct evolutionary lineages. Levels of sequence divergence among the undescribed lineages were similar to those found among the named species. The 17 lineages clustered into five well-supported clades that also differed for a number of key morphological traits. Attempts to determine the evolutionary age of Osedax depended on prior assumptions about nucleotide substitution rates. According to one scenario involving a molecular clock calibrated for shallow marine invertebrates, Osedax split from its siboglinid relatives about 45 million years ago when archeocete cetaceans first appeared and then diversified during the late Oligocene and early Miocene when toothed and baleen whales appeared. Alternatively, the use of a slower clock calibrated for deep-sea annelids suggested that Osedax split from its siboglinid relatives during the Cretaceous and began to diversify during the Early Paleocene, at least 20 million years before the origin of large marine mammals. Conclusion To help resolve uncertainties about the evolutionary age of Osedax, we suggest that the fossilized bones from Cretaceous marine reptiles and late Oligocene cetaceans be examined for possible trace fossils left by Osedax roots. Regardless of the outcome, the present molecular evidence for strong phylogenetic concordance across five separate genes suggests that the undescribed Osedax lineages comprise evolutionarily significant units that have been separate from one another for many millions of years. These data coupled with ongoing morphological analyses provide a solid foundation for their future descriptions as new species.
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Lorion J, Duperron S, Gros O, Cruaud C, Samadi S. Several deep-sea mussels and their associated symbionts are able to live both on wood and on whale falls. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:177-85. [PMID: 18796394 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bathymodiolin mussels occur at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, where they thrive thanks to symbiotic associations with chemotrophic bacteria. Closely related genera Idas and Adipicola are associated with organic falls, ecosystems that have been suggested as potential evolutionary 'stepping stones' in the colonization of deeper and more sulphide-rich environments. Such a scenario should result from specializations to given environments from species with larger ecological niches. This study provides molecular-based evidence for the existence of two mussel species found both on sunken wood and bones. Each species specifically harbours one bacterial phylotype corresponding to thioautotrophic bacteria related to other bathymodiolin symbionts. Phylogenetic patterns between hosts and symbionts are partially congruent. However, active endocytosis and occurrences of minor symbiont lineages within species which are not their usual host suggest an environmental or horizontal rather than strictly vertical transmission of symbionts. Although the bacteria are close relatives, their localization is intracellular in one mussel species and extracellular in the other, suggesting that habitat choice is independent of the symbiont localization. The variation of bacterial densities in host tissues is related to the substrate on which specimens were sampled and could explain the abilities of host species to adapt to various substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lorion
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7138 UPMC-IRD-MNHN-CNRS Systématique, Adaptation et Evolution, Equipe Espèces et Spéciation, CP 26, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Eldon B, Wakeley J. Coalescence times and FST under a skewed offspring distribution among individuals in a population. Genetics 2009; 181:615-29. [PMID: 19047415 PMCID: PMC2644951 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.108.094342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of gene flow between subpopulations based on F(ST) (or N(ST)) are shown to be confounded by the reproduction parameters of a model of skewed offspring distribution. Genetic evidence of population subdivision can be observed even when gene flow is very high, if the offspring distribution is skewed. A skewed offspring distribution arises when individuals can have very many offspring with some probability. This leads to high probability of identity by descent within subpopulations and results in genetic heterogeneity between subpopulations even when Nm is very large. Thus, we consider a limiting model in which the rates of coalescence and migration can be much higher than for a Wright-Fisher population. We derive the densities of pairwise coalescence times and expressions for F(ST) and other statistics under both the finite island model and a many-demes limit model. The results can explain the observed genetic heterogeneity among subpopulations of certain marine organisms despite substantial gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarki Eldon
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Bailly-Bechet M, Kerszberg M, Gaill F, Pradillon F. A modeling approach of the influence of local hydrodynamic conditions on larval dispersal at hydrothermal vents. J Theor Biol 2008; 255:320-31. [PMID: 18834891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent animal communities along oceanic ridges are both patchy and transient. Larval dispersal is a key factor in understanding how these communities function and are maintained over generations. To date, numerical approaches simulating larval dispersal considered the effect of oceanic currents on larval transportation over hundreds of kilometers but very seldom looked at the effect of local conditions within meters around chimneys. However, small scale significant variations in the hydrodynamics may influence larval fate in its early stages after release, and hence have a knock-on effect on both dispersal and colonization processes. Here we present a new numerical approach to the study of larval dispersal, considering small scales within the range of the biological communities, called "bio-hydrodynamical" scale, and ranging from a few centimeters to a few meters around hydrothermal sources. We use a physical model for the vent based on jet theory and compute the turbulent velocity field around the smoker. Larvae are considered as passive particles whose trajectories are affected by hydrodynamics, topography of the vent chimney and larval biological properties. Our model predicts that bottom currents often dominate all other factors either by entraining all larvae away from the vent or enforcing strong colonization rates. When bottom currents are very slow (<1 mms(-1)), general larvae motion is upwards due to entrainment by the main smoker jet. In this context, smokers with vertical slopes favor retention of larvae because larval initial trajectory is nearly parallel to the smoker wall, which increases the chances to settle. This retention phenomenon is intensified with increasing velocity of the main smoker jet because entrainment in the high velocity plume is preceded by a phase when larvae are attracted towards the smoker wall, which occurs earlier with higher velocity of the main jet. Finally, the buoyancy rate of the larvae, measured to be in the range of 0.01 mms(-1), is generally irrelevant unless hydrodynamic conditions are balanced, i.e. if the buoyancy rate is comparable to both the bottom current speed and the local water velocity due to entrainment by close smokers. Overall, our model evidences the strong effect of the release point of larvae on their future entrainment within local fluxes. Larvae released from smoker walls might have an entirely different fate than those released further away in the water column. The latter are not, or less, affected by near-chimney hydrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bailly-Bechet
- UMR CNRS 7138, Systématique, Adaptation et Evolution Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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