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Salimi K, Alvandi M, Saberi Pirouz M, Rakhshan K, Howatson G. Regulating eEF2 and eEF2K in skeletal muscle by exercise. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:503-514. [PMID: 36633938 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2164898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a flexible and adaptable tissue that strongly responds to exercise training. The skeletal muscle responds to exercise by increasing muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when energy is available. One of protein synthesis's major rate-limiting and critical regulatory steps is the translation elongation pathway. The process of translation elongation in skeletal muscle is highly regulated. It requires elongation factors that are intensely affected by various physiological stimuli such as exercise and the total available energy of cells. Studies have shown that exercise involves the elongation pathway by numerous signalling pathways. Since the elongation pathway, has been far less studied than the other translation steps, its comprehensive prospect and quantitative understanding remain in the dark. This study highlights the current understanding of the effect of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway focussing on the molecular factors affecting the pathway, including Ca2+, AMPK, PKA, mTORC1/P70S6K, MAPKs, and myostatin. We further discussed the mode and volume of exercise training intervention on the translation elongation pathway.What is the topic of this review? This review summarises the impacts of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway in skeletal muscle focussing on eEF2 and eEF2K.What advances does it highlight? This review highlights mechanisms and factors that profoundly influence the translation elongation pathway and argues that exercise might modulate the response. This review also combines the experimental observations focussing on the regulation of translation elongation during and after exercise. The findings widen our horizon to the notion of mechanisms involved in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) through translation elongation response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Salimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alvandi
- Department of Biological Science in Sport and Health, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Saberi Pirouz
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rakhshan
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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2
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McDonough J, Singhal NK, Getsy PM, Knies K, Knauss ZT, Mueller D, Bates JN, Damron DS, Lewis SJ. The epigenetic signatures of opioid addiction and physical dependence are prevented by D-cysteine ethyl ester and betaine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416701. [PMID: 39281282 PMCID: PMC11392886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We have reported that D,L-thiol esters, including D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), are effective at overcoming opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in rats. Our on-going studies reveal that co-injections of D-CYSee with multi-day morphine injections markedly diminish spontaneous withdrawal that usually occurs after cessation of multiple injections of morphine in rats. Chronically administered opioids are known (1) to alter cellular redox status, thus inducing an oxidative state, and (2) for an overall decrease in DNA methylation, therefore resulting in the transcriptional activation of previously silenced long interspersed elements (LINE-1) retrotransposon genes. The first objective of the present study was to determine whether D-CYSee and the one carbon metabolism with the methyl donor, betaine, would maintain redox control and normal DNA methylation levels in human neuroblastoma cell cultures (SH-SY5Y) under overnight challenge with morphine (100 nM). The second objective was to determine whether D-CYSee and/or betaine could diminish the degree of physical dependence to morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Our data showed that overnight treatment with morphine reduced cellular GSH levels, induced mitochondrial damage, decreased global DNA methylation, and increased LINE-1 mRNA expression. These adverse effects by morphine, which diminished the reducing capacity and compromised the maintenance of the membrane potential of SH-SY5Y cells, was prevented by concurrent application of D-CYSee (100 µM) or betaine (300 µM). Furthermore, our data demonstrated that co-injections of D-CYSee (250 μmol/kg, IV) and to a lesser extent, betaine (250 μmol/kg, IV), markedly diminished the development of physical dependence induced by multi-day morphine injections (escalating daily doses of 10-30 mg/kg, IV), as assessed by the lesser number of withdrawal phenomena elicited by the injection of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, IV). These findings provide evidence that D-CYSee and betaine prevent the appearance of redox alterations and epigenetic signatures commonly seen in neural cells involved in opioid physical dependence/addiction, and lessen development of physical dependence to morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Naveen K Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Katherine Knies
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Zackery T Knauss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - James N Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Derek S Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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3
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Ren Z, Tang W, Peng L, Zou P. Profiling stress-triggered RNA condensation with photocatalytic proximity labeling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7390. [PMID: 37968266 PMCID: PMC10651888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are highly dynamic cytoplasmic membrane-less organelles that assemble when cells are challenged by stress. RNA molecules are sorted into SGs where they play important roles in maintaining the structural stability of SGs and regulating gene expression. Herein, we apply a proximity-dependent RNA labeling method, CAP-seq, to comprehensively investigate the content of SG-proximal transcriptome in live mammalian cells. CAP-seq captures 457 and 822 RNAs in arsenite- and sorbitol-induced SGs in HEK293T cells, respectively, revealing that SG enrichment is positively correlated with RNA length and AU content, but negatively correlated with translation efficiency. The high spatial specificity of CAP-seq dataset is validated by single-molecule FISH imaging. We further apply CAP-seq to map dynamic changes in SG-proximal transcriptome along the time course of granule assembly and disassembly processes. Our data portray a model of AU-rich and translationally repressed SG nanostructure that are memorized long after the removal of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ren
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luxin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, China.
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4
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Leys K, Stroe MS, Annaert P, Van Cruchten S, Carpentier S, Allegaert K, Smits A. Pharmacokinetics during therapeutic hypothermia in neonates: from pathophysiology to translational knowledge and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:461-477. [PMID: 37470686 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2237412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal asphyxia (PA) still causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only effective therapy for neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after PA. These neonates need additional pharmacotherapy, and both PA and TH may impact physiology and, consequently, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the available knowledge in PubMed (until November 2022) on the pathophysiology of neonates with PA/TH. In vivo pig models for this setting enable distinguishing the effect of PA versus TH on PK and translating this effect to human neonates. Available asphyxia pig models and methodological considerations are described. A summary of human neonatal PK of supportive pharmacotherapy to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes is provided. EXPERT OPINION To support drug development for this population, knowledge from clinical observations (PK data, real-world data on physiology), preclinical (in vitro and in vivo (minipig)) data, and molecular and cellular biology insights can be integrated into a predictive physiologically-based PK (PBPK) framework, as illustrated by the I-PREDICT project (Innovative physiology-based pharmacokinetic model to predict drug exposure in neonates undergoing cooling therapy). Current knowledge, challenges, and expert opinion on the future directions of this research topic are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Leys
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina-Stefania Stroe
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- BioNotus GCV, Niel, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, GA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Sanadgol N, König L, Drino A, Jovic M, Schaefer M. Experimental paradigms revisited: oxidative stress-induced tRNA fragmentation does not correlate with stress granule formation but is associated with delayed cell death. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6919-6937. [PMID: 35699207 PMCID: PMC9262602 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
tRNA fragmentation is an evolutionarily conserved molecular phenomenon. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have been associated with many cellular processes, including improved survival during stress conditions. Here, we have revisited accepted experimental paradigms for modeling oxidative stress resulting in tRNA fragmentation. Various cell culture models were exposed to oxidative stressors followed by determining cell viability, the production of specific tsRNAs and stress granule formation. These experiments revealed that exposure to stress parameters commonly used to induce tRNA fragmentation negatively affected cell viability after stress removal. Quantification of specific tsRNA species in cells responding to experimental stress and in cells that were transfected with synthetic tsRNAs indicated that neither physiological nor non-physiological copy numbers of tsRNAs induced the formation of stress granules. Furthermore, the increased presence of tsRNA species in culture medium collected from stressed cells indicated that cells suffering from experimental stress exposure gave rise to stable extracellular tsRNAs. These findings suggest a need to modify current experimental stress paradigms in order to allow separating the function of tRNA fragmentation during the acute stress response from tRNA fragmentation as a consequence of ongoing cell death, which will have major implications for the current perception of the biological function of stress-induced tsRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Sanadgol
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa König
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksej Drino
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Jovic
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias R Schaefer
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Caloudova H, Blahova J, Mares J, Richtera L, Franc A, Garajova M, Tichy F, Lenz J, Caloudova J, Enevova V, Kopel P, Havelkova B, Lakdawala P, Svobodova Z. The effects of dietary exposure to Magnéli phase titanium suboxide and titanium dioxide on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133689. [PMID: 35063564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnéli phase titanium suboxides (Magnéli TiOx) are promising, novel materials with superior properties compared to TiO2, they are substoichiometric titanium oxides with the chemical formula TinO2n-1 (where n ≥ 1). In this study, for the first time, subchronic effects of dietary intake of Magnéli TiOx were evaluated and compared with TiO2 particles of similar size, in concentrations 0.1% and 0.01% of feed. The experiment consisted of 38 d of an exposition period and 14 d of a depuration period. Minor effects on plasma biochemical profile and morphological parameters were recorded. A reduced count of leukocytes was found in the blood of both Magnéli TiOx and TiO2 exposed fish, suggesting immunotoxic effects. Erythrocytosis was specific for Magnéli TiOx. Indices of oxidative stress, namely increased lipid peroxidation in liver, increased activity of superoxide dismutase in liver, kidney and gills and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in gills, as well as decreased activity of ceruloplasmin and GST in liver were found predominantly in fish exposed to TiO2. Histopathological examination revealed increased lipid-like vacuolation in the liver, the presence of hyaline droplets in renal tubules and multiplication of mucous glands in the epidermis in both tested substances and intestine damage in TiO2 groups. Overall, in Magnéli TiOx exposed groups, fewer adverse effects compared to TiO2 expositions were recorded. Their wider practical implementation in place of TiO2 is therefore beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Caloudova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Garajova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lenz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Caloudova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Origin Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Enevova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havelkova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zooanimals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Lakdawala
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Sentandreu E, Fuente-García C, Pardo O, Oliván M, León N, Aldai N, Yusà V, Sentandreu MA. Protein Biomarkers of Bovine Defective Meats at a Glance: Gel-Free Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Analysis for Rapid Screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7478-7487. [PMID: 34171191 PMCID: PMC8278482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of biological mechanisms that could be involved in the stress response of animal cattle prior to slaughter is critical to create effective strategies aiming at the production of high-quality meat. The sarcoplasmic proteome of directly extracted samples from normal and high ultimate pH (pHu) meat groups was studied through a straightforward gel-free strategy supported by liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. A stepped proteomic pipeline combining rapid biomarker hunting supported by qualitative protein Mascot scores followed by targeted label-free peptide quantification revealed 26 descriptors that characterized meat groups assayed. The functional study of the proposed biomarkers suggested their relevant role in metabolic, chaperone/stress-related, muscle contractility/fiber organization, and transport activities. The efficiency, flexibility, rapidity, and easiness of the methodology proposed can positively contribute to the creation of innovative proteomic alternatives addressing meat quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Sentandreu
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC). Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Fuente-García
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC). Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Lactiker
Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Foundation
for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia
Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr.
Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio
Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Alimentario (SERIDA), Carretera de Oviedo, s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Núria León
- Public Health
Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker
Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation
for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia
Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr.
Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Public Health
Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sentandreu
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC). Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Ding Q, Chaplin J, Morris MJ, Hilliard MA, Wolvetang E, Ng DCH, Noakes PG. TDP-43 Mutation Affects Stress Granule Dynamics in Differentiated NSC-34 Motoneuron-Like Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611601. [PMID: 34169068 PMCID: PMC8217991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Cytoplasmic inclusions of TDP-43 are frequently reported in motor neurons of ALS patients. TDP-43 has also been shown to associate with stress granules (SGs), a complex of proteins and mRNAs formed in response to stress stimuli that temporarily sequester mRNA translation. The effect of pathogenic TDP-43 mutations within glycine-rich regions (where the majority of ALS-causing TDP-43 mutations occur) on SG dynamics in motor neurons is poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated murine NSC-34 cell lines that stably over-express wild type TDP-43 (TDP-43WT) or mutant forms (ALS-causing TDP-43 mutations TDP-43A315T or TDP-43M337V). We then differentiated these NSC-34 lines into motoneuron-like cells and evaluated SG formation and disassembly kinetics in response to oxidative or osmotic stress treatment. Wild type and mutant TDP-43 appeared to be largely retained in the nucleus following exposure to arsenite-induced oxidative stress. Upon arsenite removal, mutant TDP-43 clearly accumulated within HuR positive SGs in the cytoplasm, whereas TDP-43WT remained mostly within the nucleus. 24 h following arsenite removal, all SGs were disassembled in both wild type and mutant TDP-43 expressing cells. By contrast, we observed significant differences in the dynamics of mutant TDP-43 association with SGs in response to hyperosmotic stress. Specifically, in response to sorbitol treatment, TDP-43WT remained in the nucleus, whereas mutant TDP-43 relocalized to HuR positive SGs in the cytoplasm following exposure to sorbitol stress, resulting in a significant increase in TDP-43 SG numbers. These SGs remained assembled for 24 h following removal of sorbitol. Our data reveal that under certain stress conditions the rates of SG formation and disassembly is modulated by TDP-43 mutations associated with ALS, and suggest that this may be an early event in the seeding of insoluble cytoplasmic inclusions observed in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ding
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Justin Chaplin
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Morris
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Massimo A Hilliard
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dominic C H Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter G Noakes
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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9
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Khalooeifard R, Shariatpanahi ZAHRAVAHDAT, Ahani A, Keykhaee M, Oraee-Yazdani M, Zali A, Oraee-Yazdani S. Effect of Protein Supplement on Paraspinal Muscles in Spine Fusion Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 15:47-54. [PMID: 33900956 PMCID: PMC7931746 DOI: 10.14444/8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction and weakness due to atrophy of the paraspinal muscles is a major issue after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery, resulting in pain and disability. Considering the role of protein in muscle regeneration, it seems that protein supplements after surgery may prevent muscle atrophy. To date, to our knowledge, no intervention study has investigated the effect of protein supplementation on the volume of paraspinal muscles, pain, or disability after PSF. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, patients were randomly assigned to a control (placebo + diet with 1.2 g/kg body weight of protein, n = 40) or a protein supplementation (36 g/day + a diet with 1.2 g/kg body weight of protein, n = 40) group, which received intervention from 48 hours before to 1 month after surgery. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the paraspinal muscles was measured by thin-slice computed tomography, and pain and disability were assessed using the visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index. RESULTS After 4 weeks of protein supplementation, the CSAs of multifidus and psoas muscles on both sides were significantly higher in the supplementation group than the placebo group (P <.001). Less atrophy was seen in the right erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles in the group receiving protein supplements than the placebo group (P < .001). In addition, protein supplementation was significantly negatively correlated with both pain (P < .001) and disability (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrated that 36 g/day protein supplementation significantly increased the CSA of muscles and reduced the atrophy, pain, and disability after PSF surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Khalooeifard
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - ZAHRA VAHDAT Shariatpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirahmad Ahani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keykhaee
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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van Berkel AA, Santos TC, Shaweis H, van Weering JRT, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Loss of MUNC18-1 leads to retrograde transport defects in neurons. J Neurochem 2020; 157:450-466. [PMID: 33259669 PMCID: PMC8247427 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the exocytic Sec1/MUNC18 protein MUNC18-1 or its target-SNARE partners SNAP25 and syntaxin-1 results in rapid, cell-autonomous and unexplained neurodegeneration, which is independent of their known role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. cis-Golgi abnormalities are the earliest cellular phenotypes before degeneration occurs. Here, we investigated whether loss of MUNC18-1 causes defects in intracellular membrane transport pathways in primary murine neurons that may explain neurodegeneration. Electron, confocal and super resolution microscopy confirmed that loss of MUNC18-1 expression results in a smaller cis-Golgi. In addition, we now show that medial-Golgi and the trans-Golgi Network are also affected. However, stacking and cisternae ultrastructure of the Golgi were normal. Overall, ultrastructure of null mutant neurons was remarkably normal just hours before cell death occurred. By synchronizing protein trafficking by conditional cargo retention in the endoplasmic reticulum using selective hooks (RUSH) and immunocytochemistry, we show that anterograde Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Golgi and Golgi exit of endogenous and exogenous proteins were normal. In contrast, loss of MUNC18-1 caused reduced retrograde Cholera Toxin B-subunit transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi. In addition, MUNC18-1-deficiency resulted in abnormalities in retrograde TrkB trafficking in an antibody uptake assay. We conclude that MUNC18-1 deficient neurons have normal anterograde but reduced retrograde transport to the Golgi. The impairments in retrograde pathways suggest a role of MUNC18-1 in endosomal SNARE-dependent fusion and provide a plausible explanation for the observed Golgi abnormalities and cell death in MUNC18-1 deficient neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek A van Berkel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatiana C Santos
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hesho Shaweis
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan R T van Weering
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Hans F, Glasebach H, Kahle PJ. Multiple distinct pathways lead to hyperubiquitylated insoluble TDP-43 protein independent of its translocation into stress granules. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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12
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Hans F, Glasebach H, Kahle PJ. Multiple distinct pathways lead to hyperubiquitylated insoluble TDP-43 protein independent of its translocation into stress granules. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:673-689. [PMID: 31780563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insoluble, hyperubiquitylated TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in the central nervous system characterizes frontotemporal dementia and ALS in many individuals with these neurodegenerative diseases. The causes for neuropathological TDP-43 aggregation are unknown, but it has been suggested that stress granule (SG) formation is important in this process. Indeed, in human embryonic kidney HEK293E cells, various SG-forming conditions induced very strong TDP-43 ubiquitylation, insolubility, and reduced splicing activity. Osmotic stress-induced SG formation and TDP-43 ubiquitylation occurred rapidly and coincided with colocalization of TDP-43 and SG markers. Washout experiments confirmed the rapid dissolution of SGs, accompanied by normalization of TDP-43 ubiquitylation and solubility. Surprisingly, interference with the SG process using a protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor (GSK2606414) or the translation blocker emetine did not prevent TDP-43 ubiquitylation and insolubility. Thus, parallel pathways may lead to pathological TDP-43 modifications independent of SG formation. Using a panel of kinase inhibitors targeting signaling pathways of the osmotic shock inducer sorbitol, we could largely rule out the stress-activated and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase modules and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. For arsenite, but not for sorbitol, quenching oxidative stress with N-acetylcysteine did suppress both SG formation and TDP-43 ubiquitylation and insolubility. Thus, sodium arsenite appears to promote SG formation and TDP-43 modifications via oxidative stress, but sorbitol stimulates TDP-43 ubiquitylation and insolubility via a novel pathway(s) independent of SG formation. In conclusion, pathological TDP-43 modifications can be mediated via multiple distinct pathways for which SGs are not essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Glasebach
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany .,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Gaete-Argel A, Márquez CL, Barriga GP, Soto-Rifo R, Valiente-Echeverría F. Strategies for Success. Viral Infections and Membraneless Organelles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:336. [PMID: 31681621 PMCID: PMC6797609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of RNA homeostasis or “RNAstasis” is a central step in eukaryotic gene expression. From transcription to decay, cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) associate with specific proteins in order to regulate their entire cycle, including mRNA localization, translation and degradation, among others. The best characterized of such RNA-protein complexes, today named membraneless organelles, are Stress Granules (SGs) and Processing Bodies (PBs) which are involved in RNA storage and RNA decay/storage, respectively. Given that SGs and PBs are generally associated with repression of gene expression, viruses have evolved different mechanisms to counteract their assembly or to use them in their favor to successfully replicate within the host environment. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about the viral regulation of SGs and PBs, which could be a potential novel target for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelly Gaete-Argel
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chantal L Márquez
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P Barriga
- Emerging Viruses Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Zhang C, Tan Z, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Huang TY, Lu Z, Luo H, Can D, Xu H, Zhang YW, Zhang X. Appoptosin Mediates Lesions Induced by Oxidative Stress Through the JNK-FoxO1 Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:243. [PMID: 31551758 PMCID: PMC6737070 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases and plays an important role in disease progression. Appoptosin is a pro-apoptotic protein that contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. However, whether appoptosin mediates oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity has yet to be determined. Here, we observe that appoptosin protein levels are induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure through the inhibition of proteasomal appoptosin degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of appoptosin induces apoptosis through the JNK-FoxO1 pathway. Importantly, knockdown of appoptosin can ameliorate H2O2-induced JNK activation and apoptosis in primary neurons. Thus, we propose that appoptosin functions as an upstream regulator of the JNK-FoxO1 pathway, contributing to cell death in response to oxidative stress during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilin Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiu Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongzhuang Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoping Lu
- Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Can
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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15
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Ohnishi T, Balan S, Toyoshima M, Maekawa M, Ohba H, Watanabe A, Iwayama Y, Fujita Y, Tan Y, Hisano Y, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Nozaki Y, Esaki K, Nagaoka A, Matsumoto J, Hino M, Mataga N, Hayashi-Takagi A, Hashimoto K, Kunii Y, Kakita A, Yabe H, Yoshikawa T. Investigation of betaine as a novel psychotherapeutic for schizophrenia. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:432-446. [PMID: 31255657 PMCID: PMC6642071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betaine is known to act against various biological stresses and its levels were reported to be decreased in schizophrenia patients. We aimed to test the role of betaine in schizophrenia pathophysiology, and to evaluate its potential as a novel psychotherapeutic. Methods Using Chdh (a gene for betaine synthesis)-deficient mice and betaine-supplemented inbred mice, we assessed the role of betaine in psychiatric pathophysiology, and its potential as a novel psychotherapeutic, by leveraging metabolomics, behavioral-, transcriptomics and DNA methylation analyses. Findings The Chdh-deficient mice revealed remnants of psychiatric behaviors along with schizophrenia-related molecular perturbations in the brain. Betaine supplementation elicited genetic background-dependent improvement in cognitive performance, and suppressed methamphetamine (MAP)-induced behavioral sensitization. Furthermore, betaine rectified the altered antioxidative and proinflammatory responses induced by MAP and in vitro phencyclidine (PCP) treatments. Betaine also showed a prophylactic effect on behavioral abnormality induced by PCP. Notably, betaine levels were decreased in the postmortem brains from schizophrenia, and a coexisting elevated carbonyl stress, a form of oxidative stress, demarcated a subset of schizophrenia with “betaine deficit-oxidative stress pathology”. We revealed the decrease of betaine levels in glyoxylase 1 (GLO1)-deficient hiPSCs, which shows elevated carbonyl stress, and the efficacy of betaine in alleviating it, thus supporting a causal link between betaine and oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, a CHDH variant, rs35518479, was identified as a cis-expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) for CHDH expression in postmortem brains from schizophrenia, allowing genotype-based stratification of schizophrenia patients for betaine efficacy. Interpretation The present study revealed the role of betaine in psychiatric pathophysiology and underscores the potential benefit of betaine in a subset of schizophrenia. Fund This study was supported by the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development) under Grant Numbers JP18dm0107083 and JP19dm0107083 (TY), JP18dm0107129 (MM), JP18dm0107086 (YK), JP18dm0107107 (HY), JP18dm0107104 (AK) and JP19dm0107119 (KH), by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the MEXT under Grant Numbers JP18H05435 (TY), JP18H05433 (AH.-T), JP18H05428 (AH.-T and TY), and JP16H06277 (HY), and by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Number JP17H01574 (TY). In addition, this study was supported by the Collaborative Research Project of Brain Research Institute, Niigata University under Grant Numbers 2018–2809 (YK) and RIKEN Epigenetics Presidential Fund (100214–201801063606-340120) (TY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yayoi Nozaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuko Mataga
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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16
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Chen HH, Tarn WY. uORF-mediated translational control: recently elucidated mechanisms and implications in cancer. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1327-1338. [PMID: 31234713 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1632634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is tightly regulated, and its dysregulation can contribute to the pathology of various diseases, including cancer. Increased or selective translation of mRNAs can promote cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and tumor expansion. Translational control is one of the most important means for cells to quickly adapt to environmental stresses. Adaptive translation involves various alternative mechanisms of translation initiation. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) serve as a major regulator of stress-responsive translational control. Since recent advances in omics technologies including ribo-seq have expanded our knowledge of translation, we discuss emerging mechanisms for uORF-mediated translation regulation and its impact on cancer cell biology. A better understanding of dysregulated translational control of uORFs in cancer would facilitate the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Woan-Yuh Tarn
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
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17
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Uren Webster TM, Rodriguez-Barreto D, Martin SA, Van Oosterhout C, Orozco-terWengel P, Cable J, Hamilton A, Garcia De Leaniz C, Consuegra S. Contrasting effects of acute and chronic stress on the transcriptome, epigenome, and immune response of Atlantic salmon. Epigenetics 2018; 13:1191-1207. [PMID: 30526303 PMCID: PMC6986783 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1554520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress experienced during early life may have lasting effects on the immune system, with impacts on health and disease dependent on the nature and duration of the stressor. The epigenome is especially sensitive to environmental stimuli during early life and represents a potential mechanism through which stress may cause long-lasting health effects. However, the extent to which the epigenome responds differently to chronic vs acute stressors is unclear, especially for non-mammalian species. We examined the effects of acute stress (cold-shock during embryogenesis) and chronic stress (absence of tank enrichment during larval-stage) on global gene expression (using RNA-seq) and DNA methylation (using RRBS) in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) four months after hatching. Chronic stress induced pronounced transcriptional differences, while acute stress caused few lasting transcriptional effects. However, both acute and chronic stress caused lasting and contrasting changes in the methylome. Crucially, we found that acute stress enhanced transcriptional immune response to a pathogenic challenge (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS), while chronic stress suppressed it. We identified stress-induced changes in promoter and gene-body methylation that were associated with altered expression for a small proportion of immune-related genes, and evidence of wider epigenetic regulation within signalling pathways involved in immune response. Our results suggest that stress can affect immuno-competence through epigenetic mechanisms, and highlight the markedly different effects of chronic larval and acute embryonic stress. This knowledge could be used to harness the stimulatory effects of acute stress on immunity, paving the way for improved stress and disease management through epigenetic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn M. Uren Webster
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanne Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alastair Hamilton
- Landcatch Natural Selection Ltd, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK
| | - Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sofia Consuegra
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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18
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Cuomo D, Porreca I, Ceccarelli M, Threadgill DW, Barrington WT, Petriella A, D'Angelo F, Cobellis G, De Stefano F, D'Agostino MN, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Transcriptional landscape of mouse-aged ovaries reveals a unique set of non-coding RNAs associated with physiological and environmental ovarian dysfunctions. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:112. [PMID: 30534420 PMCID: PMC6281605 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive and physiological decline in ovarian function depends on the rate of follicular loss by atresia, contributing to the reduction in ovarian reserve. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles in ovarian senescence and in the onset of ovarian dysfunctions such as diminished ovarian reserve. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ovarian aging and their regulation by genetic and environmental factors is needed to evaluate ovarian reserve and to predict fertility potential by identification of more accurate and less invasive markers. We report transcriptomic data (i) implicating novel (e.g. EIF2 signalling) and well-known pathways (e.g. TGFβ signalling), and (ii) defining a unique set of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), both associated with ovarian function. The latter includes miRNAs (e.g. Mir143 and Mir145), snoRNAs (e.g. Snord16a and Snora34), and one lncRNA (Gas5), which are differentially expressed in middle-aged ovaries (12 months) vs young-aged (3 months) from CD1 mice. Experimental analysis confirms that ovary lifespan varies across genetic backgrounds in mice and, genetics influences the response to environmental perturbations such as diet. Moreover, the identified ncRNAs were verified in a model of reproductive dysfunction promoted by the environmental toxicant ethylenthiourea. We also report the increase of miRNA143 and miRNA145 in follicular fluid of women with diminished ovarian reserve. Their levels inversely correlate with the hormonal profile and with the number of the oocytes recruited upon hormonal stimulation. Overall, we report a transcriptomic signature for ovarian dysfunction in vivo that provides a valuable resource for translational research in human reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cuomo
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.,2Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | | | - Michele Ceccarelli
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.,3IRGS, Biogem, Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino Italy
| | - David W Threadgill
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.,4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - William T Barrington
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Annacristina Petriella
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- 3IRGS, Biogem, Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca De Stefano
- Department of Children and Women Health, Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, A.O.R.N. S.G. Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria N D'Agostino
- Department of Children and Women Health, Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, A.O.R.N. S.G. Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- 7Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- 7Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.,3IRGS, Biogem, Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Naples, Italy
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19
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Takegaki J, Ogasawara R, Tamura Y, Takagi R, Arihara Y, Tsutaki A, Nakazato K, Ishii N. Repeated bouts of resistance exercise with short recovery periods activates mTOR signaling, but not protein synthesis, in mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/22/e13515. [PMID: 29180484 PMCID: PMC5704086 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery period between bouts of exercise is one of the major factors influencing the effects of resistance exercise, in addition to exercise intensity and volume. However, the effects of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on subsequent protein synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the consequences of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and related processes in mouse skeletal muscles. Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to three bouts of resistance exercise with 72 (72H), 24 (24H), or 8 h (8H) of recovery periods between bouts. Resistance exercise, consisting of five sets of 3 s × 10 isometric contractions with 3 min rest between sets, was elicited on the right tibialis anterior muscle via percutaneous electrical stimulation on the deep peroneal nerve under isoflurane anesthesia. The left muscle served as an internal control. Six hours after the third bout of exercise, protein synthesis was found to be activated in the 72H and 24H groups, but not in the 8H group. Phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr 389, a marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was increased in all groups, with the 8H group showing the highest magnitude. In contrast, protein carbonylation was observed only in mice in the 8H group. These results suggest that repeated bouts of resistance exercise with 8 h of recovery periods do not effectively increase the levels of muscle protein synthesis despite activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which likely involves oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Takegaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Arihara
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Tsutaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naokata Ishii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kamel NN, Ahmed AMH, Mehaisen GMK, Mashaly MM, Abass AO. Depression of leukocyte protein synthesis, immune function and growth performance induced by high environmental temperature in broiler chickens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1637-1645. [PMID: 28455634 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In tropical and semitropical regions, raising broiler chickens out of their thermal comfort zone can cause an added economic loss in the poultry industry. The cause for the deleterious effects on immunity and growth performance of broilers under high environmental temperatures is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the effect of heat stress on leukocytes protein synthesis and immune function as a possible direct cause of low performance in broiler chickens under such condition. In this study, 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb500™) were randomly assigned into 2 groups with 5 replicates of 30 chicks each. From 21 to 42 days of age, one group was exposed to non-stressed condition at 24 °C and 50% relative humidity (control group), while the other group was exposed to heat stress at 35 °C and 50% relative humidity (HS group). At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from each group to evaluate stress indicators, immune function, and leukocytes protein synthesis. Production performance was also recorded. Noteworthy, protein synthesis in leukocytes was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited in HS group by 38% compared to control group. In contrast, the phosphorylation level on threonine 56 site (Thr56) of eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF2), which indicates the suppression of protein translation process through altering the protein elongation phase, was significantly threefold higher in HS group than in control (P < 0.05). In addition, an increase in stress indicators was markedly (P < 0.05) presented in the HS birds by twofold increase in heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and threefold increase in plasma corticosterone level compared to control. Furthermore, the immune function was significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed in HS birds than control (0.99 vs. 1.88 mg/mL plasma IgG, 89.2 vs. 148.0 μg/mL plasma IgM, 4.80 vs. 7.20 antibody titer against SRBC, and 1.38 vs. 3.39 stimulation index of lymphocyte proliferation in HS vs. control group, respectively). Moreover, results on the broiler performance indicate that HS birds had a significant (P < 0.05) lower body weight gain by 58%, lower feed consumption by 39%, higher conversion ratio by 27%, and higher mortality by more than three times, compared to control birds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of leukocyte protein synthesis through increasing the level of eEF2 Thr56 phosphorylation may play a key role in the observed decrease in immune function and growth performance with the high mortality rate encountered in broiler chickens under heat stress environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy N Kamel
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Ayman M H Ahmed
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 68 Hadayek Shobra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Gamal M K Mehaisen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 7 Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Magdi M Mashaly
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 7 Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Abass
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 7 Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Johanns M, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Houddane A, Vertommen D, Herinckx G, Hue L, Proud CG, Rider MH. Direct and indirect activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2017; 36:212-221. [PMID: 28502587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase (eEF2K) is a key regulator of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. It phosphorylates and inhibits eEF2, the translation factor necessary for peptide translocation during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. When cellular energy demand outweighs energy supply, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and eEF2K become activated, leading to eEF2 phosphorylation, which reduces the rate of protein synthesis, a process that consumes a large proportion of cellular energy under optimal conditions. AIM The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which AMPK activation leads to increased eEF2 phosphorylation to decrease protein synthesis. METHODS Using genetically modified mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), effects of treatments with commonly used AMPK activators to increase eEF2 phosphorylation were compared with that of the novel compound 991. Bacterially expressed recombinant eEF2K was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated AMPK for phosphorylation site-identification by mass spectrometry followed by site-directed mutagenesis of the identified sites to alanine residues to study effects on the kinetic properties of eEF2K. Wild-type eEF2K and a Ser491/Ser492 mutant were retrovirally re-introduced in eEF2K-deficient MEFs and effects of 991 treatment on eEF2 phosphorylation and protein synthesis rates were studied in these cells. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS AMPK activation leads to increased eEF2 phosphorylation in MEFs mainly by direct activation of eEF2K and partly by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Treatment of MEFs with AMPK activators can also lead to eEF2K activation independently of AMPK probably via a rise in intracellular Ca2+. AMPK activates eEF2K by multi-site phosphorylation and the newly identified Ser491/Ser492 is important for activation, leading to mTOR-independent inhibition of protein synthesis. Our study provides new insights into the control of eEF2K by AMPK, with implications for linking metabolic stress to decreased protein synthesis to conserve energy reserves, a pathway that is of major importance in cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johanns
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Pyr Dit Ruys
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Houddane
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Herinckx
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Hue
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - C G Proud
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - M H Rider
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium.
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Colinet H, Pineau C, Com E. Large scale phosphoprotein profiling to explore Drosophila cold acclimation regulatory mechanisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1713. [PMID: 28490779 PMCID: PMC5431823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms involved in the acquisition of thermal tolerance are unknown in insects. Reversible phosphorylation is a widespread post-translational modification that can rapidly alter proteins function(s). Here, we conducted a large-scale comparative screening of phosphorylation networks in adult Drosophila flies that were cold-acclimated versus control. Using a modified SIMAC method followed by a multiple MS analysis strategy, we identified a large collection of phosphopeptides (about 1600) and phosphoproteins (about 500) in both groups, with good enrichment efficacy (80%). The saturation curves from the four biological replicates revealed that the phosphoproteome was rather well covered under our experimental conditions. Acclimation evoked a strong phosphoproteomic signal characterized by large sets of unique and differential phosphoproteins. These were involved in several major GO superclusters of which cytoskeleton organization, positive regulation of transport, cell cycle, and RNA processing were particularly enriched. Data suggest that phosphoproteomic changes in response to acclimation were mainly localized within cytoskeletal network, and particularly within microtubule associated complexes. This study opens up novel research avenues for exploring the complex regulatory networks that lead to acquired thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Colinet
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, 263 avenue du Général-Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Charles Pineau
- Protim, Inserm U1085, IRSET, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Protim, Inserm U1085, IRSET, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
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23
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Deane CS, Wilkinson DJ, Phillips BE, Smith K, Etheridge T, Atherton PJ. "Nutraceuticals" in relation to human skeletal muscle and exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E282-E299. [PMID: 28143855 PMCID: PMC5406990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have a fundamental role in locomotion and whole body metabolism, with muscle mass and quality being linked to improved health and even lifespan. Optimizing nutrition in combination with exercise is considered an established, effective ergogenic practice for athletic performance. Importantly, exercise and nutritional approaches also remain arguably the most effective countermeasure for muscle dysfunction associated with aging and numerous clinical conditions, e.g., cancer cachexia, COPD, and organ failure, via engendering favorable adaptations such as increased muscle mass and oxidative capacity. Therefore, it is important to consider the effects of established and novel effectors of muscle mass, function, and metabolism in relation to nutrition and exercise. To address this gap, in this review, we detail existing evidence surrounding the efficacy of a nonexhaustive list of macronutrient, micronutrient, and "nutraceutical" compounds alone and in combination with exercise in relation to skeletal muscle mass, metabolism (protein and fuel), and exercise performance (i.e., strength and endurance capacity). It has long been established that macronutrients have specific roles and impact upon protein metabolism and exercise performance, (i.e., protein positively influences muscle mass and protein metabolism), whereas carbohydrate and fat intakes can influence fuel metabolism and exercise performance. Regarding novel nutraceuticals, we show that the following ones in particular may have effects in relation to 1) muscle mass/protein metabolism: leucine, hydroxyl β-methylbutyrate, creatine, vitamin-D, ursolic acid, and phosphatidic acid; and 2) exercise performance: (i.e., strength or endurance capacity): hydroxyl β-methylbutyrate, carnitine, creatine, nitrates, and β-alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; and
- Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Clinical, Metabolic, and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom;
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24
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Le Sage V, Cinti A, McCarthy S, Amorim R, Rao S, Daino GL, Tramontano E, Branch DR, Mouland AJ. Ebola virus VP35 blocks stress granule assembly. Virology 2016; 502:73-83. [PMID: 28013103 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic aggregates of translationally silenced mRNAs that assemble in response to environmental stress. SGs appear to play an important role in antiviral innate immunity and many viruses have evolved to block or subvert SGs components for their own benefit. Here, we demonstrate that intracellular Ebola virus (EBOV) replication and transcription-competent virus like particles (trVLP) infection does not lead to SG assembly but leads to a blockade to Arsenite-induced SG assembly. Moreover we show that EBOV VP35 represses the assembly of canonical and non-canonical SGs induced by a variety of pharmacological stresses. This SG blockade requires, at least in part, the C-terminal domain of VP35. Furthermore, results from our co-immunoprecipitation studies indicate that VP35 interacts with multiple SG components, including G3BP1, eIF3 and eEF2 through a stress- and RNA-independent mechanism. These data suggest a novel function for EBOV VP35 in the repression of SG assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Le Sage
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Alessandro Cinti
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G4
| | - Stephen McCarthy
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raquel Amorim
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G4
| | - Shringar Rao
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G4
| | - Gian Luca Daino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donald R Branch
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G4; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G4.
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25
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Liao Y, Chu HP, Hu Z, Merkin JJ, Chen J, Liu Z, Degenhardt K, White E, Ryazanov AG. Paradoxical Roles of Elongation Factor-2 Kinase in Stem Cell Survival. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19545-57. [PMID: 27466362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.724856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis inhibition is an immediate response during stress to switch the composition of protein pool in order to adapt to the new environment. It was reported that this response could be either protective or deleterious. However, how cells choose to live or die upon protein synthesis inhibition is largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), a protein kinase that suppresses protein synthesis during elongation phase, is a positive regulator of apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro Consistently, here we report that knock-out of eEF2K protects mice from a lethal dose of whole-body ionizing radiation at 8 Gy by reducing apoptosis levels in both bone marrow and gastrointestinal tracts. Surprisingly, similar to the loss of p53, eEF2K deficiency results in more severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract at 20 Gy with the increased mitotic cell death in small intestinal stem cells. Furthermore, using epithelial cell lines, we showed that eEF2K is required for G2/M arrest induced by radiation to prevent mitotic catastrophe in a p53-independent manner. Specifically, we observed the elevation of Akt/ERK activity as well as the reduction of p21 expression in Eef2k(-/-) cells. Therefore, eEF2K also provides a protective strategy to maintain genomic integrity by arresting cell cycle in response to stress. Our results suggest that protective versus pro-apoptotic roles of eEF2K depend on the type of cells: eEF2K is protective in highly proliferative cells, such as small intestinal stem cells and cancer cells, which are more susceptible to mitotic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China, the Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chu
- the Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and the Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Zhixian Hu
- the Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Jason J Merkin
- the Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
| | - Jianmin Chen
- the Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Zuguo Liu
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China, the Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Kurt Degenhardt
- the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and
| | - Eileen White
- the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- the Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and
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26
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Ramu VS, Swetha TN, Sheela SH, Babitha CK, Rohini S, Reddy MK, Tuteja N, Reddy CP, Prasad TG, Udayakumar M. Simultaneous expression of regulatory genes associated with specific drought-adaptive traits improves drought adaptation in peanut. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1008-20. [PMID: 26383697 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of crops to drought-prone rain-fed conditions can be achieved by improving plant traits such as efficient water mining (by superior root characters) and cellular-level tolerance mechanisms. Pyramiding these drought-adaptive traits by simultaneous expression of genes regulating drought-adaptive mechanisms has phenomenal relevance in improving stress tolerance. In this study, we provide evidence that peanut transgenic plants expressing Alfalfa zinc finger 1 (Alfin1), a root growth-associated transcription factor gene, Pennisetum glaucum heat-shock factor (PgHSF4) and Pea DNA helicase (PDH45) involved in protein turnover and protection showed improved tolerance, higher growth and productivity under drought stress conditions. Stable integration of all the transgenes was noticed in transgenic lines. The transgenic lines showed higher root growth, cooler crop canopy air temperature difference (less CCATD) and higher relative water content (RWC) under drought stress. Low proline levels in transgenic lines substantiate the maintenance of higher water status. The survival and recovery of transgenic lines was significantly higher under gradual moisture stress conditions with higher biomass. Transgenic lines also showed significant tolerance to ethrel-induced senescence and methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. Several stress-responsive genes such as heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RING box protein-1 (RBX1), Aldose reductase, late embryogenesis abundant-5 (LEA5) and proline-rich protein-2 (PRP2), a gene involved in root growth, showed enhanced expression under stress in transgenic lines. Thus, the simultaneous expression of regulatory genes contributing for drought-adaptive traits can improve crop adaptation and productivity under water-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemanna S Ramu
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Thavarekere N Swetha
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Shekarappa H Sheela
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sreevathsa Rohini
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
- National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrashekar P Reddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Trichi Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Makarla Udayakumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
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27
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Proteomic Identification of Oxidized Proteins in Entamoeba histolytica by Resin-Assisted Capture: Insights into the Role of Arginase in Resistance to Oxidative Stress. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004340. [PMID: 26735309 PMCID: PMC4703340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is an obligate protozoan parasite of humans, and amebiasis, an infectious disease which targets the intestine and/or liver, is the second most common cause of human death due to a protozoan after malaria. Although amebiasis is usually asymptomatic, E. histolytica has potent pathogenic potential. During host infection, the parasite is exposed to reactive oxygen species that are produced and released by cells of the innate immune system at the site of infection. The ability of the parasite to survive oxidative stress (OS) is essential for a successful invasion of the host. Although the effects of OS on the regulation of gene expression in E. histolytica and the characterization of some proteins whose function in the parasite's defense against OS have been previously studied, our knowledge of oxidized proteins in E. histolytica is lacking. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we performed a large-scale identification and quantification of the oxidized proteins in oxidatively stressed E. histolytica trophozoites using resin-assisted capture coupled to mass spectrometry. We detected 154 oxidized proteins (OXs) and the functions of some of these proteins were associated with antioxidant activity, maintaining the parasite's cytoskeleton, translation, catalysis, and transport. We also found that oxidation of the Gal/GalNAc impairs its function and contributes to the inhibition of E. histolytica adherence to host cells. We also provide evidence that arginase, an enzyme which converts L-arginine into L-ornithine and urea, is involved in the protection of the parasite against OS. Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of OS as a critical regulator of E. histolytica's functions and indicate a new role for arginase in E. histolytica's resistance to OS. Reactive oxygen species are the most studied of environmental stresses generated by the host immune defense against pathogens. Although most of the studies that have investigated the effect of oxidative stress on an organism have focused on changes which occur at the protein level, only a few studies have investigated the oxidation status of these proteins. Infection with Entamoeba histolytica is known as amebiasis. This condition occurs worldwide, but is most associated with crowded living conditions and poor sanitation. The parasite is exposed inside the host to oxidative stress generated by cells of the host immune system. The nature of oxidized proteins in oxidatively stressed E. histolytica has never been studied. In this report, the authors present their quantitative results of a proteome-wide analysis of oxidized proteins in the oxidatively stressed parasite. They identified crucial redox-regulated proteins that are linked to the virulence of the parasite, such as the Gal/GalNAc lectin. They also discovered that arginase, a protein involved in ornithine synthesis, is also involved in the parasite's resistance to oxidative stress.
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28
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Knutsen JHJ, Rødland GE, Bøe CA, Håland TW, Sunnerhagen P, Grallert B, Boye E. Stress-induced inhibition of translation independently of eIF2α phosphorylation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4420-7. [PMID: 26493332 PMCID: PMC4712817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of fission yeast cells to ultraviolet (UV) light leads to inhibition of translation and phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α). This phosphorylation is a common response to stress in all eukaryotes. It leads to inhibition of translation at the initiation stage and is thought to be the main reason why stressed cells dramatically reduce protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of eIF2α has been taken as a readout for downregulation of translation, but the role of eIF2α phosphorylation in the downregulation of general translation has not been much investigated. We show here that UV-induced global inhibition of translation in fission yeast cells is independent of eIF2α phosphorylation and the eIF2α kinase general control nonderepressible-2 protein (Gcn2). Also, in budding yeast and mammalian cells, the UV-induced translational depression is largely independent of GCN2 and eIF2α phosphorylation. Furthermore, exposure of fission yeast cells to oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide induced an inhibition of translation that is also independent of Gcn2 and of eIF2α phosphorylation. Our findings show that stress-induced translational inhibition occurs through an unknown mechanism that is likely to be conserved through evolution. Summary: In contrast to textbook knowledge, the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α is not required for UV-induced inhibition of protein synthesis, which we show in three different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gro Elise Rødland
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Arnason Bøe
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tine Weise Håland
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beáta Grallert
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Boye
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Partial Support Ventilation and Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidants Protect against Ventilator-Induced Decreases in Diaphragm Muscle Protein Synthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137693. [PMID: 26361212 PMCID: PMC4567376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention in patients in respiratory failure. Unfortunately, prolonged MV results in the rapid development of diaphragm atrophy and weakness. MV-induced diaphragmatic weakness is significant because inspiratory muscle dysfunction is a risk factor for problematic weaning from MV. Therefore, developing a clinical intervention to prevent MV-induced diaphragm atrophy is important. In this regard, MV-induced diaphragmatic atrophy occurs due to both increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis. While efforts to impede MV-induced increased proteolysis in the diaphragm are well-documented, only one study has investigated methods of preserving diaphragmatic protein synthesis during prolonged MV. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of two therapeutic interventions that, conceptually, have the potential to sustain protein synthesis in the rat diaphragm during prolonged MV. Specifically, these experiments were designed to: 1) determine if partial-support MV will protect against the decrease in diaphragmatic protein synthesis that occurs during prolonged full-support MV; and 2) establish if treatment with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant will maintain diaphragm protein synthesis during full-support MV. Compared to spontaneously breathing animals, full support MV resulted in a significant decline in diaphragmatic protein synthesis during 12 hours of MV. In contrast, diaphragm protein synthesis rates were maintained during partial support MV at levels comparable to spontaneous breathing animals. Further, treatment of animals with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant prevented oxidative stress during full support MV and maintained diaphragm protein synthesis at the level of spontaneous breathing animals. We conclude that treatment with mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants or the use of partial-support MV are potential strategies to preserve diaphragm protein synthesis during prolonged MV.
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Martínez A, Sesé M, Losa JH, Robichaud N, Sonenberg N, Aasen T, Ramón y Cajal S. Phosphorylation of eIF4E Confers Resistance to Cellular Stress and DNA-Damaging Agents through an Interaction with 4E-T: A Rationale for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123352. [PMID: 25923732 PMCID: PMC4414544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is associated with malignant progression and poor cancer prognosis. Accordingly, here we have analyzed the association between eIF4E phosphorylation and cellular resistance to oxidative stress, starvation, and DNA-damaging agents in vitro. Using immortalized and cancer cell lines, retroviral expression of a phosphomimetic (S209D) form of eIF4E, but not phospho-dead (S209A) eIF4E or GFP control, significantly increased cellular resistance to stress induced by DNA-damaging agents (cisplatin), starvation (glucose+glutamine withdrawal), and oxidative stress (arsenite). De novo accumulation of eIF4E-containing cytoplasmic bodies colocalizing with the eIF4E-binding protein 4E-T was observed after expression of phosphomimetic S209D, but not S209A or wild-type eIF4E. Increased resistance to cellular stress induced by eIF4E-S209D was lost upon knockdown of endogenous 4E-T or use of an eIF4E-W73A-S209D mutant unable to bind 4E-T. Cancer cells treated with the Mnk1/2 inhibitor CGP57380 to prevent eIF4E phosphorylation and mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Mnk1/2 knockout mice were also more sensitive to arsenite and cisplatin treatment. Polysome analysis revealed an 80S peak 2 hours after arsenite treatment in cells overexpressing phosphomimetic eIF4E, indicating translational stalling. Nonetheless, a selective increase was observed in the synthesis of some proteins (cyclin D1, HuR, and Mcl-1). We conclude that phosphorylation of eIF4E confers resistance to various cell stressors and that a direct interaction or regulation of 4E-T by eIF4E is required. Further delineation of this process may identify novel therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment, and these results support the use of modern Mnk1/2 inhibitors in conjunction with standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sesé
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nathaniel Robichaud
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Trond Aasen
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (SRC); (TA)
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (SRC); (TA)
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Kaitsuka T, Matsushita M. Regulation of translation factor EEF1D gene function by alternative splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3970-9. [PMID: 25686034 PMCID: PMC4346937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an exquisite mechanism that allows one coding gene to have multiple functions. The alternative splicing machinery is necessary for proper development, differentiation and stress responses in a variety of organisms, and disruption of this machinery is often implicated in human diseases. Previously, we discovered a long form of eukaryotic elongation factor 1Bδ (eEF1Bδ; this long-form eEF1Bδ results from alternative splicing of EEF1D transcripts and regulates the cellular stress response by transcriptional activation, not translational enhancement, of heat-shock responsive genes. In this review, we discuss the molecular function of EEF1D alternative splicing products and the estimated implication of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kaitsuka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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Slater JA, Zhou S, Puscheck EE, Rappolee DA. Stress-induced enzyme activation primes murine embryonic stem cells to differentiate toward the first extraembryonic lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:3049-64. [PMID: 25144240 PMCID: PMC4267551 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular stresses influence transcription factor (TF) expression and therefore lineage identity in the peri-implantation mouse embryo and its stem cells. This potentially affects pregnancy outcome. To understand the effects of stress signaling during this critical period of pregnancy, we exposed cultured murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to hyperosmotic stress. We then measured stress-enzyme-dependent regulation of key pluripotency and lineage TFs. Hyperosmotic stress slowed mESC accumulation due to slowing of the cell cycle over 72 h, after a small apoptotic response within 12 h. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymatic signaling was responsible for stem cell survival under stressed conditions. Stress initially triggered mESC differentiation after 4 h through MEK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and PI3K enzymatic signaling, which led to proteasomal degradation of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Rex1 TF proteins. Concurrent with this post-transcriptional effect was the decreased accumulation of potency TF mRNA transcripts. After 12-24 h of stress, cells adapted, cell cycle resumed, and Oct4 and Nanog mRNA and protein expression returned to approximately normal levels. The TF protein recovery was mediated by p38MAPK and PI3K signaling, as well as by MEK2 and/or MEK1. However, due to JNK signaling, Rex1 expression did not recover. Probing for downstream lineages revealed that although mESCs did not differentiate morphologically during 24 h of stress, they were primed to differentiate by upregulating markers of the first lineage differentiating from mESCs, extraembryonic endoderm. Thus, although two to three TFs that mark pluripotency recover expression by 24 h of stress, there is nonetheless sustained Rex1 suppression and a priming of mESCs for differentiation to the earliest lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Slater
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Ella Puscheck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniel A. Rappolee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Lo JH, Lin CM, Chen MJ, Chen TT. Altered gene expression patterns of innate and adaptive immunity pathways in transgenic rainbow trout harboring Cecropin P1 transgene. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:887. [PMID: 25306446 PMCID: PMC4201688 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently developed several homozygous families of transgenic rainbow trout harbouring cecropin P1 transgene. These fish exhibit resistance characteristic to infection by Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In our earlier studies we have reported that treatment of a rainbow trout macrophage cell line (RTS11) with a linear cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (e.g., cecropin B) resulted in elevated levels of expression of two pro-inflammatory relevant genes (e.g., IL-1β and COX-2). Therefore, we hypothesized that in addition to the direct antimicrobial activity of cecropin P1 in the disease resistant transgenic rainbow trout, this antimicrobial peptide may also affect the expression of immune relevant genes in the host. To confirm this hypothesis, we launched a study to determine the global gene expression profiles in three immune competent organs of cecropin P1 transgenic rainbow trout by using a 44k salmonid microarray. Results From the microarray data, a total of 2480 genes in the spleen, 3022 in the kidney, and 2102 in the liver were determined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cecropin P1 transgenic rainbow trout when compared to the non-transgenics. There were 478 DEGs in common among three tissues. Enrichment analyses conducted by two different bioinformatics tools revealed a tissue specific profile of functional pathway perturbation. Many of them were directly related to innate immune system such as phagocytosis, lysosomal processing, complement activation, antigen processing/presentation, and leukocyte migration. Perturbation of other biological functions that might contribute indirectly to host immunity was also observed. Conclusions The gene product of cecropin P1 transgene produced in the disease resistant transgenic rainbow trout not only can kill the pathogens directly but also exert multifaceted immunomodulatory properties to boost host immunity. The identified genes involved in different pathways related to immune function are valuable indicators associated with enhanced host immunity. These genes may serve as markers for selective breeding of rainbow trout or other aquaculture important fish species bearing traits of disease resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-887) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas T Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Valiente-Echeverría F, Melnychuk L, Vyboh K, Ajamian L, Gallouzi IE, Bernard N, Mouland AJ. eEF2 and Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1) modulate stress granule assembly during HIV-1 infection. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4819. [PMID: 25229650 PMCID: PMC4978539 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SG) are translationally silent sites of RNA triage induced by environmental stresses including viral infection. Here we show that HIV-1 Gag blocks SG assembly irrespective of eIF2α phosphorylation and even when SG assembly is forced by overexpression of Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1) or TIAR. The overexposed loops in the amino-terminal capsid domain of Gag and host eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) are found to be critical for the SG blockade via interaction. Moreover, cyclophilin A (CypA) stabilizes the Gag-eEF2 association. eEF2 depletion not only lifts the SG blockade but also results in impaired virus production and infectivity. Gag also disassembles preformed SGs by recruiting G3BP1, thereby displacing eEF2, revealing another unsuspected virus-host interaction involved in the HIV-1-imposed SG blockade. Understanding how HIV-1 counters anti-viral stress responses will lay the groundwork for new therapeutic strategies to bolster host cell immune defences against HIV-1 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Luca Melnychuk
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Kishanda Vyboh
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lara Ajamian
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Bernard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
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35
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Chu HP, Liao Y, Novak JS, Hu Z, Merkin JJ, Shymkiv Y, Braeckman BP, Dorovkov MV, Nguyen A, Clifford PM, Nagele RG, Harrison DE, Ellis RE, Ryazanov AG. Germline quality control: eEF2K stands guard to eliminate defective oocytes. Dev Cell 2014; 28:561-572. [PMID: 24582807 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The control of germline quality is critical to reproductive success and survival of a species; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), an evolutionarily conserved regulator of protein synthesis, functions to maintain germline quality and eliminate defective oocytes. We show that disruption of eEF2K in mice reduces ovarian apoptosis and results in the accumulation of aberrant follicles and defective oocytes at advanced reproductive age. Furthermore, the loss of eEF2K in Caenorhabditis elegans results in a reduction of germ cell death and significant decline in oocyte quality and embryonic viability. Examination of the mechanisms by which eEF2K regulates apoptosis shows that eEF2K senses oxidative stress and quickly downregulates short-lived antiapoptotic proteins, XIAP and c-FLIPL by inhibiting global protein synthesis. These results suggest that eEF2K-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis renders cells susceptible to apoptosis and functions to eliminate suboptimal germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ping Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - James S Novak
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Zhixian Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Jason J Merkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Yuriy Shymkiv
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | | | - Maxim V Dorovkov
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Alexandra Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Peter M Clifford
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084, USA
| | | | - Ronald E Ellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, 08084, USA
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
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Argüelles S, Camandola S, Cutler RG, Ayala A, Mattson MP. Elongation factor 2 diphthamide is critical for translation of two IRES-dependent protein targets, XIAP and FGF2, under oxidative stress conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:131-8. [PMID: 24140707 PMCID: PMC3945166 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elongation factor-2 (eEF2) catalyzes the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. A single histidine residue in eEF2 (H715) is modified to form diphthamide. A role for eEF2 in the cellular stress response is highlighted by the fact that eEF2 is sensitive to oxidative stress and that it must be active to drive the synthesis of proteins that help cells to mitigate the adverse effects of oxidative stress. Many of these proteins are encoded by mRNAs containing a sequence called an "internal ribosomal entry site" (IRES). Under high oxidative stress conditions diphthamide-deficient cells were significantly more sensitive to cell death. These results suggest that diphthamide may play a role in protection against the degradation of eEF2. This protection is especially important in those situations in which eEF2 is necessary for the reprogramming of translation from global to IRES synthesis. Indeed, we found that the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), two proteins synthesized from mRNAs with IRESs that promote cell survival, is deregulated in diphthamide-deficient cells. Our findings therefore suggest that eEF2 diphthamide controls the selective translation of IRES-dependent protein targets XIAP and FGF2, critical for cell survival under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Argüelles
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Chu D, Kazana E, Bellanger N, Singh T, Tuite MF, von der Haar T. Translation elongation can control translation initiation on eukaryotic mRNAs. EMBO J 2013; 33:21-34. [PMID: 24357599 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201385651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synonymous codons encode the same amino acid, but differ in other biophysical properties. The evolutionary selection of codons whose properties are optimal for a cell generates the phenomenon of codon bias. Although recent studies have shown strong effects of codon usage changes on protein expression levels and cellular physiology, no translational control mechanism is known that links codon usage to protein expression levels. Here, we demonstrate a novel translational control mechanism that responds to the speed of ribosome movement immediately after the start codon. High initiation rates are only possible if start codons are liberated sufficiently fast, thus accounting for the observation that fast codons are overrepresented in highly expressed proteins. In contrast, slow codons lead to slow liberation of the start codon by initiating ribosomes, thereby interfering with efficient translation initiation. Codon usage thus evolved as a means to optimise translation on individual mRNAs, as well as global optimisation of ribosome availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chu
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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38
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Coordination of translational control and protein homeostasis during severe heat stress. Curr Biol 2013; 23:2452-62. [PMID: 24291094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of cells to severe heat stress causes not only misfolding and aggregation of proteins but also inhibition of translation and storage of mRNA in cytosolic heat stress granules (heat-SGs), limiting newly synthesized protein influx into overloaded proteome repair systems. How these two heat stress responses connect is unclear. RESULTS Here, we show that both S. cerevisiae and D. melanogaster heat-SGs contain mRNA, translation machinery components (excluding ribosomes), and molecular chaperones and that heat-SGs coassemble with aggregates of misfolded, heat-labile proteins. Components in these mixed assemblies exhibit distinct molecular motilities reflecting differential trapping. We demonstrate that heat-SG disassembly and restoration of translation activity during heat stress recovery is intimately linked to disaggregation of damaged proteins present in the mixed assemblies and requires Hsp104 and Hsp70 activity. CONCLUSIONS Chaperone-driven protein disaggregation directly coordinates timing of translation reinitiation with protein folding capacity during cellular protein quality surveillance, enabling efficient protein homeostasis.
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Williams TD, Diab AM, Gubbins M, Collins C, Matejusova I, Kerr R, Chipman JK, Kuiper R, Vethaak AD, George SG. Transcriptomic responses of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver to a brominated flame retardant mixture. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:45-52. [PMID: 23948077 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Male European flounder (Platichthys flesus) were exposed to a technical mixture of brominated diphenyl ethers (PDBEs, DE-71, Pentamix) that had been purified to remove contaminating dioxins. Controls were exposed to carrier solvent alone. Fish were exposed to decadally increasing concentrations of Pentamix via both sediment and spiked food. The GENIPOL P. flesus cDNA microarray, differentially expressed gene profiling (DEG) and quantitative PCR were employed to detect hepatic transcriptional differences between exposed fish and controls. Gene transcriptional changes were more sensitive to Pentamix exposure than biomarkers measured previously. Pentamix exposure induced transcripts coding for enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A, aldo-keto reductases) and elicited endocrine disruption (vitellogenin and thyroid hormone receptor alpha), with effects on CYP1A and VTG occurring at the highest exposure. Ontology analysis clearly showed dose-responsive changes indicative of oxidative stress, induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. We conclude that exposure to PBDEs in both sediment and food has a significant adverse effect on a broad range of crucial biochemical processes in the livers of this widely distributed estuarine fish species, the flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Chiang EC, Bostwick DG, Waters DJ. Homeostatic housecleaning effect of selenium: evidence that noncytotoxic oxidant-induced damage sensitizes prostate cancer cells to organic selenium-triggered apoptosis. Biofactors 2013; 39:575-88. [PMID: 23625367 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer activity of organic selenium has been most consistently documented at supra-nutritional levels at which selenium-dependent, antioxidant enzymes are maximized in both expression and activity. Thus, there is a strong imperative to identify mechanisms other than antioxidant protection to account for selenium's anti-cancer activity. In vivo work in dogs showed that dietary selenium supplementation decreased DNA damage but increased apoptosis in the prostate, leading to a new hypothesis: Organic selenium exerts its cancer preventive effect by selectively increasing apoptosis in DNA-damaged cells. Here, we test whether organic selenium (methylseleninic acid; MSA) triggers more apoptosis in human and canine prostate cancer cells that have more DNA damage (strand breaks) created by hydrogen-peroxide (H₂O₂) at noncytotoxic doses prior to MSA exposure. Apoptosis triggered by MSA was significantly higher in H₂O₂-damaged cells. A supra-additive effect was observed--the extent of MSA-triggered apoptosis in H₂O₂-damaged cells exceeded the sum of apoptosis induced by MSA or H₂O₂ alone. However, neither the persistence of H₂O₂-induced DNA damage, nor the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases was required to sensitize cells to MSA-triggered apoptosis. Our results document that selenium can exert a "homeostatic housecleaning" effect--a preferential elimination of DNA-damaged cells. This work introduces a new and potentially important perspective on the anti-cancer action of selenium in the aging prostate that is independent of its role in antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Chiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN
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Argüelles S, Camandola S, Hutchison ER, Cutler RG, Ayala A, Mattson MP. Molecular control of the amount, subcellular location, and activity state of translation elongation factor 2 in neurons experiencing stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:61-71. [PMID: 23542375 PMCID: PMC3772990 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) is an important regulator of the protein translation machinery whereby it controls the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. The activity of eEF-2 is regulated by changes in cellular energy status and nutrient availability and by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation. However, the mechanisms regulating protein translation under conditions of cellular stress in neurons are unknown. Here we show that when rat hippocampal neurons experience oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation induced by exposure to cumene hydroperoxide; CH), eEF-2 is hyperphosphorylated and ribosylated, resulting in reduced translational activity. The degradation of eEF-2 requires calpain proteolytic activity and is accompanied by accumulation of eEF-2 in the nuclear compartment. The subcellular localization of both native and phosphorylated forms of eEF-2 is influenced by CRM1 and 14.3.3, respectively. In hippocampal neurons p53 interacts with nonphosphorylated (active) eEF-2, but not with its phosphorylated form. The p53-eEF-2 complexes are present in cytoplasm and nucleus, and their abundance increases when neurons experience oxidative stress. The nuclear localization of active eEF-2 depends upon its interaction with p53, as cells lacking p53 contain less active eEF-2 in the nuclear compartment. Overexpression of eEF-2 in hippocampal neurons results in increased nuclear levels of eEF-2 and decreased cell death after exposure to CH. Our results reveal novel molecular mechanisms controlling the differential subcellular localization and activity state of eEF-2 that may influence the survival status of neurons during periods of elevated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Argüelles
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Tilton SC, Karin NJ, Webb-Robertson BJM, Waters KM, Mikheev V, Lee KM, Corley RA, Pounds JG, Bigelow DJ. Impaired transcriptional response of the murine heart to cigarette smoke in the setting of high fat diet and obesity. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1034-42. [PMID: 23786483 PMCID: PMC4234196 DOI: 10.1021/tx400078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and obesity are each well-established risk factors for cardiovascular heart disease, which together impose earlier onset and greater severity of disease. To identify early signaling events in the response of the heart to cigarette smoke exposure within the setting of obesity, we exposed normal weight and high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mice to repeated inhaled doses of mainstream (MS) or sidestream (SS) cigarette smoke administered over a two week period, monitoring effects on both cardiac and pulmonary transcriptomes. MS smoke (250 μg wet total particulate matter (WTPM)/L, 5 h/day) exposures elicited robust cellular and molecular inflammatory responses in the lung with 1466 differentially expressed pulmonary genes (p < 0.01) in normal weight animals and a much-attenuated response (463 genes) in the hearts of the same animals. In contrast, exposures to SS smoke (85 μg WTPM/L) with a CO concentration equivalent to that of MS smoke (~250 CO ppm) induced a weak pulmonary response (328 genes) but an extensive cardiac response (1590 genes). SS smoke and to a lesser extent MS smoke preferentially elicited hypoxia- and stress-responsive genes as well as genes predicting early changes of vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, precursors of cardiovascular disease. The most sensitive smoke-induced cardiac transcriptional changes of normal weight mice were largely absent in DIO mice after smoke exposure, while genes involved in fatty acid utilization were unaffected. At the same time, smoke exposure suppressed multiple proteome maintenance genes induced in the hearts of DIO mice. Together, these results underscore the sensitivity of the heart to SS smoke and reveal adaptive responses in healthy individuals that are absent in the setting of high fat diet and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel G. Pounds
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
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Inactivation of the mTORC1-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E pathway alters stress granule formation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2285-301. [PMID: 23547259 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01517-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SG) are cytoplasmic multimeric RNA bodies that form under stress conditions known to inhibit cap-dependent translation. SG contain translation initiation factors, RNA binding proteins, and signaling molecules. SG are known to inhibit apoptotic pathways, thus contributing to chemo- and radioresistance in tumor cells. However, whether stress granule formation involves oncogenic signaling pathways is currently unknown. Here, we report a novel role of the mTORC1-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) pathway, a key regulator of cap-dependent translation initiation of oncogenic factors, in SG formation. mTORC1 specifically drives the eIF4E-mediated formation of SG through the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, a key factor known to inhibit formation of the mTORC1-dependent eIF4E-eIF4GI interactions. Disrupting formation of SG by inactivation of mTOR with its specific inhibitor pp242 or by depletion of eIF4E or eIF4GI blocks the SG-associated antiapoptotic p21 pathway. Finally, pp242 sensitizes cancer cells to death in vitro and inhibits the growth of chemoresistant tumors in vivo. This work therefore highlights a novel role of the oncogenic mTORC1-eIF4E pathway, namely, the promotion of formation of antiapoptotic SG.
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Chhangani D, Mishra A. Protein quality control system in neurodegeneration: a healing company hard to beat but failure is fatal. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:141-56. [PMID: 23378031 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A common feature in most neurodegenerative diseases and aging is the progressive accumulation of damaged proteins. Proteins are essential for all crucial biological functions. Under some notorious conditions, proteins loss their three dimensional native conformations and are converted into disordered aggregated structures. Such changes rise into pathological conditions and eventually cause serious protein conformation disorders. Protein aggregation and inclusion bodies formation mediated multifactorial proteotoxic stress has been reported in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Prion disease. Ongoing studies have been remarkably informative in providing a systematic outlook for better understanding the concept and fundamentals of protein misfolding and aggregations. However, the precise role of protein quality control system and precursors of this mechanism remains elusive. In this review, we highlight recent insights and discuss emerging cytoprotective strategies of cellular protein quality control system implicated in protein deposition diseases. Our current review provides a clear, understandable framework of protein quality control system that may offer the more suitable therapeutic strategies for protein-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chhangani
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
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Emara MM, Fujimura K, Sciaranghella D, Ivanova V, Ivanov P, Anderson P. Hydrogen peroxide induces stress granule formation independent of eIF2α phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:763-9. [PMID: 22705549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In cells exposed to environmental stress, inhibition of translation initiation conserves energy for the repair of cellular damage. Untranslated mRNAs that accumulate in these cells move to discrete cytoplasmic foci known as stress granules (SGs). The assembly of SGs helps cells to survive under adverse environmental conditions. We have analyzed the mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress inhibits translation initiation and induces SG assembly in mammalian cells. Our data indicate that H(2)O(2) inhibits translation and induces the assembly of SGs. The assembly of H(2)O(2)-induced SGs is independent of the phosphorylation of eIF2α, a major trigger of SG assembly, but requires remodeling of the cap-binding eIF4F complex. Moreover, H(2)O(2)-induced SGs are compositionally distinct from canonical SGs, and targeted knockdown of eIF4E, a protein required for canonical translation initiation, inhibits H(2)O(2)-induced SG assembly. Our data reveal new aspects of translational regulation induced by oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Emara
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Suppression of ribosomal function triggers innate immune signaling through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36044. [PMID: 22606244 PMCID: PMC3351443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some inflammatory stimuli trigger activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inducing efflux of cellular potassium. Loss of cellular potassium is known to potently suppress protein synthesis, leading us to test whether the inhibition of protein synthesis itself serves as an activating signal for the NLRP3 inflammasome. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, either primed by LPS or unprimed, were exposed to a panel of inhibitors of ribosomal function: ricin, cycloheximide, puromycin, pactamycin, and anisomycin. Macrophages were also exposed to nigericin, ATP, monosodium urate (MSU), and poly I:C. Synthesis of pro-IL-ß and release of IL-1ß from cells in response to these agents was detected by immunoblotting and ELISA. Release of intracellular potassium was measured by mass spectrometry. Inhibition of translation by each of the tested translation inhibitors led to processing of IL-1ß, which was released from cells. Processing and release of IL-1ß was reduced or absent from cells deficient in NLRP3, ASC, or caspase-1, demonstrating the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Despite the inability of these inhibitors to trigger efflux of intracellular potassium, the addition of high extracellular potassium suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. MSU and double-stranded RNA, which are known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, also substantially inhibited protein translation, supporting a close association between inhibition of translation and inflammasome activation. These data demonstrate that translational inhibition itself constitutes a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism underlying IL-1ß dependent inflammatory signaling and that other physical, chemical, or pathogen-associated agents that impair translation may lead to IL-1ß-dependent inflammation through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. For agents that inhibit translation through decreased cellular potassium, the application of high extracellular potassium restores protein translation and suppresses activation of the NLRP inflammasome. For agents that inhibit translation through mechanisms that do not involve loss of potassium, high extracellular potassium suppresses IL-1ß processing through a mechanism that remains undefined.
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Wang H, Cheng H, Wang K, Wen T. Different effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors nicotinamide and trichostatin A (TSA) in C17.2 neural stem cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1307-15. [PMID: 22407380 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are involved in proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, mRNA transcription, and protein expression in various cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such functions is still not fully clear. In this study, we used C17.2 neural stem cell (NSC) line as a model to evaluate the effects of nicotinamide and trichostatin A (TSA) on cell characteristics. Results show that nicotinamide and TSA greatly inhibit cell growth, lead to cell morphology changes, and effectively induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analyses confirmed that nicotinamide significantly decreases the expression of bcl-2 and p38. Further insight into the molecular mechanisms shows the suppression of phosphorylation in eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) by nicotinamide, whereas, an increased expression of bcl-2 and p38 and phosphorylation of 4EBP1 by TSA. However, both nicotinamide and TSA significantly increase the expression of cytochrome c (cyt c). These results strongly suggest that bcl-2, p38, cyt c, and p-4EBP1 could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of C17.2 NSCs mediated by histone deacetylase inhibitors, nicotinamide and TSA, involving different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Systems Biology, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Derbré F, Gratas-Delamarche A, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Viña J. Inactivity-induced oxidative stress: a central role in age-related sarcopenia? Eur J Sport Sci 2012; 14 Suppl 1:S98-108. [PMID: 24444251 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.654268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ageing causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass that may lead to decreased strength and functionality. The term sarcopenia is especially used to characterise this geriatric syndrome. Numerous conditions and behaviours are considered to accelerate the progression of sarcopenia such as chronic diseases, malnutrition and physical inactivity. As people in modern countries are more and more sedentary, the impact of physical inactivity on the prevalence of sarcopenia might be more and more important in the future. In this review, we discuss how reactive oxygen species (ROS) could mediate the effects of lifelong inactivity in the onset and progression of age-related sarcopenia. Although the cellular mechanisms responsible for muscle ROS production are not necessarily the same, both inactivity and ageing are indeed known to increase basal ROS concentrations in skeletal muscle. New data and literature review are provided showing that chronic ROS overproduction induced by physical inactivity may exacerbate the activation of some redox-sensitive signalling pathways involved in age-related sarcopenia. We also address the scientific evidences implicating the role of ROS overproduction in the precocious failure of aged muscles to activate intracellular signalling responses to contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Derbré
- a Laboratoire Movement, Sport and Health Sciences (M2S) , University Rennes II-ENS Cachan, UFR APS , Rennes , France
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Abstract
A common need for microbial cells is the ability to respond to potentially toxic environmental insults. Here we review the progress in understanding the response of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to two important environmental stresses: heat shock and oxidative stress. Both of these stresses are fundamental challenges that microbes of all types will experience. The study of these environmental stress responses in S. cerevisiae has illuminated many of the features now viewed as central to our understanding of eukaryotic cell biology. Transcriptional activation plays an important role in driving the multifaceted reaction to elevated temperature and levels of reactive oxygen species. Advances provided by the development of whole genome analyses have led to an appreciation of the global reorganization of gene expression and its integration between different stress regimens. While the precise nature of the signal eliciting the heat shock response remains elusive, recent progress in the understanding of induction of the oxidative stress response is summarized here. Although these stress conditions represent ancient challenges to S. cerevisiae and other microbes, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms dedicated to dealing with these environmental parameters.
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50
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Bounedjah O, Hamon L, Savarin P, Desforges B, Curmi PA, Pastré D. Macromolecular crowding regulates assembly of mRNA stress granules after osmotic stress: new role for compatible osmolytes. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2446-58. [PMID: 22147700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive uptake of compatible osmolytes such as betaine, taurine, and myo-inositol is a protective response shared by all eukaryotes exposed to hypertonic stress. Their accumulation results mostly from the expression of specific transporters triggered by the transcriptional factor NFAT5/TonEBP. This allows the recovery of the cell volume without increasing intracellular ionic strength. In this study we consider the assembly and dissociation of mRNA stress granules (SGs) in hypertonic-stressed cells and the role of compatible osmolytes. In agreement with in vitro results obtained on isolated mRNAs, both macromolecular crowding and a high ionic strength favor the assembly of SGs in normal rat kidney epithelial cells. However, after hours of constant hypertonicity, the slow accumulation in the cytoplasm of compatible osmolytes via specific transporters both reduces macromolecular crowding and ionic strength, thus leading to the progressive dissociation of SGs. In line with this, when cells are exposed to hypertonicity to accumulate a large amount of compatible osmolytes, the formation of SGs is severely impaired, and cells increase their chances of survival to another hypertonic episode. Altogether, these results indicate that the impact of compatible osmolytes on the mRNA-associated machineries and especially that associated with SGs may play an important role in cell resistance and adaption to hyperosmolarity in many tissues like kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissame Bounedjah
- Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, INSERM U829 and Université Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
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