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Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Otani Y, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Shimizu T, Date I. Evaluation of extracellular matrix protein CCN1 as a prognostic factor for glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26201842 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research efforts in identifying prognostic molecular biomarkers for malignant glioma have intensified. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1) is one of the CCN family of matricellular proteins that promotes cell growth and angiogenesis in cancers through its interaction with several integrins. In this study, we investigated the relationships among CCN1, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression, the tumor removal rate, and prognosis in 46 glioblastoma patients treated at the Okayama University Hospital. CCN1 expression was high in 31 (67 %) of these patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients with high CCN1 expression was significantly shorter than those of patients with low CCN1 expression (p < 0.005). In a multivariate Cox analysis, CCN1 proved to be an independent prognostic factor for patient survival [PFS, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.53 (1.55-8.01), p = 0.003 and OS, HR = 3.05 (1.35-6.87), p = 0.007]. Moreover, in the 31 patients who underwent gross total resection, the PFS and OS times of those with high CCN1 expression were significantly shorter than those with low CCN1 expression. It was concluded that CCN1 might emerge as a significant prognostic factor regarding the prognosis of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ishida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Tomotsugu Ichikawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Manabu Onishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimazu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Oka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shimizu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Three-dimensional nuclear telomere architecture is associated with differential time to progression and overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Neoplasia 2010; 12:183-91. [PMID: 20126476 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of biological markers allowing for the assessment of the evolution and prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is a major impediment to the clinical management of GBM patients. The observed variability in patients' treatment responses and in outcomes implies biological heterogeneity and the existence of unidentified patient categories. Here, we define for the first time three GBM patient categories with distinct and clinically predictive three-dimensional nuclear-telomeric architecture defined by telomere number, size, and frequency of telomeric aggregates. GBM patient samples were examined by three-dimensional fluorescent in situ hybridization of telomeres using two independent three-dimensional telomere-measurement tools (TeloView program [P(1)] and SpotScan system [P(2)]). These measurements identified three patients categories (categories 1-3), displaying significant differences in telomere numbers/nucleus (P(1) = .0275; P(2) <or= .0001), telomere length (P(1) and P(2) = .0275), and number of telomeric aggregates (P(1) = .0464; P(2) <or= .0001). These categories corresponded to patients with long-term, intermediate, and short-term survival, respectively (P = .0393). The time to progression analyses showed significant differences between the three categories (P = .0167). There was a correlation between time to progression, median survival, and nuclear telomere architecture. Our study suggests a link between patient outcome and three-dimensional nuclear-telomere organization and highlights the potential clinical power of telomere signatures as a new prognostic, predictive, and potentially pharmacodynamic biomarker in GBM. Furthermore, novel automated three-dimensional high-throughput scanning as developed here permits to obtain data from 300 nuclei in 20 minutes. This method is applicable to any cell type and scanning application.
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Neuritin expression and its relation with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in human astrocytoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28:907-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Righi V, Roda JM, Paz J, Mucci A, Tugnoli V, Rodriguez-Tarduchy G, Barrios L, Schenetti L, Cerdán S, García-Martín ML. 1H HR-MAS and genomic analysis of human tumor biopsies discriminate between high and low grade astrocytomas. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:629-637. [PMID: 19322812 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the profile of choline metabolites and the expression of the genes of the Kennedy pathway in biopsies of human gliomas (n = 23) using (1)H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS, 11.7 Tesla, 277 K, 4000 Hz) and individual genetic assays. (1)H HR-MAS spectra allowed the resolution and relative quantification by the LCModel of the resonances from choline (Cho), phosphocholine (PC) and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), the three main components of the combined tCho peak observed in gliomas by in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy. All glioma biopsies depicted a prominent tCho peak. However, the relative contributions of Cho, PC, and GPC to tCho were different for low and high grade gliomas. Whereas GPC is the main component in low grade gliomas, the high grade gliomas show a dominant contribution of PC. This circumstance allowed the discrimination of high and low grade gliomas by (1)H HR-MAS, a result that could not be obtained using the tCho/Cr ratio commonly used by in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The expression of the genes involved in choline metabolism has been investigated in the same biopsies. High grade gliomas depict an upregulation of the beta gene of choline kinase and phospholipase C, as well as a downregulation of the cytidyltransferase B gene, the balance of these being consistent with the accumulation of PC. In the low grade gliomas, phospholipase A(1) and lysophospholipase are upregulated and phospholipase D is downregulated, supporting the accumulation of GPC. The present findings offer a promising procedure that will potentially help to accurately grade glioma tumors using (1)H HR-MAS, providing in addition the genetic background for the alterations of choline metabolism observed in high and low grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Righi
- Instituto de Investigationes Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC/UAM, c/ Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
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Zhen HN, Zhang X, Hu PZ, Yang TT, Fei Z, Zhang JN, Fu LA, He XS, Ma FC, Wang XL. Survivin expression and its relation with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in brain gliomas. Cancer 2005; 104:2775-83. [PMID: 16284993 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, and angiogenesis also plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Recently, survivin has been identified as an important member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Although it has been shown that survivin is highly expressed in gliomas, and is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and poor prognosis of gliomas, as yet the relation of survivin expression with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of gliomas it is still unclear. METHODS Eighty-three cases of brain glioma were chosen and protein expressions of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glioma cells and Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg) in vascular endothelial cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic cells of brain glioma were screened by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and survivin immunoreactivity score (IRS), proliferative index (PI), apoptotic index (AI), overall daily growth (ODG), and microvessel density (MVD) in brain gliomas were measured. RESULTS The survivin IRS, PI, AI, ODG, and MVD of brain gliomas were 3.75 +/- 3.89, 28.39 +/- 19.49%, 1.00 +/- 0.80%, 12.19 +/- 10.21%, and 62.75 +/- 31.50, respectively, and all of them increased markedly with an increase in the pathologic grade of brain gliomas (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD in the survivin-positive group were significantly higher than those in the survivin-negative group (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD were positively correlated with survivin IRS (P < 0.001 for all). Although there was no significant difference between AI in the survivin-positive group or in the survivin-negative group (P = 0.108), AI was inversely correlated with survivin IRS (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Survivin is overexpressed in brain gliomas, which may play an important role in malignant proliferation, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis of brain gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhen
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China
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Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Sanai N, Smith JS, McDermott MW. Techniques to assess the proliferative potential of brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2005; 74:19-30. [PMID: 16078103 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-004-5758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of brain tumor proliferative potential provides important prognostic information that supplements standard histopathologic grading. Many laboratories rely on mitotic figures to quantify the proliferative potential of brain tumors, but this conventional cellular proliferative index is subject to inter-observer variability and not consistently predictive for low-and high-grade tumors. Recent advancements in technology have made it possible to use proliferative indices as a standard supplement in pathology laboratories. Non-invasive tumor tissue measurements of cell proliferation can be performed using- bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdU LI), flow cytometry (FCM), MIB-1 antibody to the Ki-67 antigen (MIB-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNOR). Each of these assays has been described in the literature with respect to its ability to predict tumor grade or outcome. At the present time MIB-1 and AgNOR are the simplest and most reliable of these techniques. In addition, advances in our understanding of the genetic alterations associated with proliferation promise to provide more specific markers of proliferative potential. Beyond the pathology laboratory, radiographic studies such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and most recently magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been used as follow-up measures, assessing response to treatment and tumor recurrence, rather than as predictors of response to treatment. These radiographic tools, however, have the potential to provide an assessment of tumor proliferation without the need for invasive measures. In this article, we present a review of the current techniques utilized to understand the proliferative potential of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Moffitt Hospital Room M779, Box 0112, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA.
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Johansson FK, Göransson H, Westermark B. Expression analysis of genes involved in brain tumor progression driven by retroviral insertional mutagenesis in mice. Oncogene 2005; 24:3896-905. [PMID: 15750623 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral tagging previously identified putative cancer-causing genes in a mouse brain tumor model where a recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus encoding the platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (MMLV/PDGFB) was intracerebrally injected in newborn mice. In the present study, expression analysis using cDNA arrays revealed several similarities of virus-induced mouse gliomas with human brain tumors. Brain tumors with short latency contained on average 8.0 retroviral insertions and resembled human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) whereas long-latency gliomas were of lower grade, similar to human oligodendroglioma (OD) and had 2.3 insertions per tumor. Several known and novel genes of tumor progression or cell markers were differentially expressed between OD- and GBM-like tumors. Array and quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated elevated expression similar to Pdgfralpha of retrovirally tagged genes Abhd2, Ddr1, Fos, Ng2, Ppfibp1, Rad51b and Sulf2 in both glioma types compared to neonatal and adult normal brain. The retrovirally tagged genes Plekhb1, Prex1, Prkg2, Sox10 and 1200004M23Rik were upregulated in the tumors but had a different expression profile than Pdgfralpha whereas Rap1gap, Gli1, Neurl and Camk2b were downregulated in the tumors. The present study accentuates the proposed role of the retrovirally tagged genes in PDGF-driven gliomagenesis and indicates that insertional mutagenesis can promote glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K Johansson
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Tallen G, Kaiser I, Krabbe S, Lass U, Hartmann C, Henze G, Riabowol K, von Deimling A. NoING1 mutations in human brain tumours but reduced expression in high malignancy grades of astrocytoma. Int J Cancer 2004; 109:476-9. [PMID: 14961591 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ING1 family of proteins has been shown to have regulatory functions in oncogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. Here we present the first report on LOH analysis of the ING1 locus, mutation analysis of the complete coding sequence including intron-exon boundaries and expression analysis of the different ING1 splice products and protein isoforms in primary brain tumours. No somatic ING1 mutations were detected. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed higher levels of p33ING1b RNA in benign than in malignant lesions. This correlation was significant in a subset of 37 astrocytic tumours WHO grades I to IV. ING1 protein isoforms p47ING1a, p33ING1b and p24ING1c were found to be expressed variably in this series. Our findings support a regulatory contribution of ING1 to the development or progression of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Tallen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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