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Van Chuc D, Linh DP, Linh DV, Van Linh P. Clinical Epidemiology Features and Risk Factors for Acute Diarrhea Caused by Rotavirus A in Vietnamese Children. Int J Pediatr 2023; 2023:4628858. [PMID: 37408591 PMCID: PMC10319457 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4628858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute diarrhea caused by group A rotavirus (RVA) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally in children less than 5 years old. Acute diarrhea caused by RVA is often manifested by loose/watery stool leading to different degrees of dehydration. The detection of risk factors, diagnosis, and prompt treatment of acute diarrhea caused by RVA is critical. We aimed to describe clinical epidemiological features of acute diarrhea caused by RVA and its associated risk factors. Subjects and Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 321 children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea at Haiphong Children's Hospital, Vietnam, from 1 August 2019 to 31 July 2020. Results Among the 321 children included in our analysis, 221 (68.8%) children were positive for RVA. Males represented 61.1% of cases, 41.2% of children were in the 12-<24-month age group, and the majority of cases were among children in suburban areas (71.5%). Clinical manifestations included loose and watery stool (100%), vomiting-fever-loose/watery stool (57.9%), vomiting-loose/watery stool (83.2%), fever-loose/watery stool (58.8%), dehydration (30%), hyponatremia (22.1%), hypernatremia (1.4%), and hypokalemia (15%). Risk factors for acute diarrhea caused by RVA included history of diarrhea, not exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months, living area, maternal education, and income. Conclusions Acute diarrhea due to RVA was very prevalent in children under 5 years old. Clinical manifestations included a high prevalence of loose/watery stools/day and dehydration with electrolyte disorder. Mothers should exclusively breastfeed their children for the first 6 months to avoid the risk of acute diarrhea caused by RVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Van Chuc
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Phuong Linh
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong City, Vietnam
| | | | - Pham Van Linh
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong City, Vietnam
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Sung J, Cheong HK, Kwon HJ, Kim JH. Pathogen-specific response of infectious gastroenteritis to ambient temperature: National surveillance data in the Republic of Korea, 2015–2019. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 240:113924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yoon HS, Lim J, Sohn YH, Kim SY. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Genotype Distribution of Rotavirus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 5 Years After Introducing Rotavirus Vaccine. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:850839. [PMID: 35252070 PMCID: PMC8893347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.850839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide. We aimed to investigate the incidence, symptoms, and genotype of RV infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in South Korea 5 years after the introduction of RV vaccination to evaluate its effect on newborn infants. METHODS A total of 431 fecal specimens were collected from patients admitted to NICU between April 20, 2012 and September 10, 2013. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to detect RV antigen. Nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping. RESULTS The overall incidence of RV infection was 43.9% and was significantly higher in preterm infants, infants born in the study hospital, low birth weight infants, and cesarean births (P < 0.05). Symptoms of diarrhea, poor feeding, abdominal distension, and apnea were significantly higher in infants with RV infection than those without infection. RV infection gradually increased depending on infant care at home, postpartum clinic, or hospital (26.0, 45.1, and 60.2%, respectively; P = 0.000). The dominant RV genotype in the NICU was G4P[6] at 95.4%. CONCLUSION Current RV vaccines did not affect the incidence of RV infection in newborn and preterm infants in the NICU. Most RV-positive patients in the NICU had symptoms, and the incidence of RV infection was relatively higher in hospitals and postpartum clinics with group life than home. The dominant RV genotype was G4P[6] across study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiseun Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, South Korea
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Changes in the Occurrence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis before and after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine among Hospitalized Pediatric Patients and Estimates of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.14776/piv.2018.25.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Jeong S, Than VT, Lim I, Kim W. Differentiation of RotaTeq ® vaccine strains from wild-type strains using NSP3 gene in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. J Virol Methods 2016; 237:72-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shin SM, Kim CS, Karkada N, Liu A, Jayadeva G, Han HH. Post-marketing safety surveillance conducted in Korea (2008-2013) following the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414 (Rotarix™). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2590-2594. [PMID: 27494163 PMCID: PMC5084987 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1189046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE According to regulations from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea, additional safety information on the use of Rotarix™ vaccine (RIX4414; GSK, Belgium) in ≥3000 evaluable Korean infants was required following vaccine registration. In order to comply with these regulations, we conducted a 6-year open, non-comparative, multicenter post-marketing surveillance (NCT00750893). METHODS During this time, the original lyophilized vaccine formulation of RIX4414 was replaced by a liquid formulation. Healthy infants aged ≥6 weeks were enrolled and given 2 doses of the RIX4414 vaccine, separated by an interval of ≥4 weeks. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) (expected and unexpected) was then assessed for up to 30 days along with the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs: any AE whose causality to the drug could not be ruled out) were identified. RESULTS A total of 3040 children (mean age: 9.55 weeks) were analyzed. One or more expected AE was experienced by 30.5% infants and 8.6% had an ADR. The most commonly seen expected AE was irritability (14.0%). One or more unexpected AE was seen in 32.5% infants and 3.1% experienced an ADR. The most commonly seen unexpected AE was upper respiratory tract infection (8.7%). Of 34 SAEs recorded in 24 subjects, none were related to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this 6-year surveillance showed both formulations of RIX4414 to have acceptable safety profiles when administered to Korean infants according to local prescribing recommendations and current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Moon Shin
- a Dankook University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chun Soo Kim
- b Keimyung University School of Medicine , Daegu , Korea
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Changing distribution of age, clinical severity, and genotypes of rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children after the introduction of vaccination: a single center study in Seoul between 2011 and 2014. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:287. [PMID: 27296987 PMCID: PMC4906974 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore changes in clinical epidemiology and genotype distribution and their association among hospitalized children with rotavirus gastroenteritis after the introduction of vaccines. Methods Between November 2010 and October 2014, hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled. Rotavirus genotypes were confirmed through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), semi-nested PCR, and sequencing. Clinical information including vaccination status and the modified Vesikari scores were collected. Results Among 179 children with rotavirus infection, nineteen (10.6 %) were completely vaccinated. During the study period, the number of children between three and 23 months of age decreased significantly compared to the number of children older than 24 months of age (P = 0.010), who showed lower diarrhea severity (duration, P = 0.042; frequency, P = 0.021) but higher vomiting severity (P = 0.007, 0.036) compared to the former. Vaccination status was also significantly associated with lower vomiting severity after adjustment for age (frequency only, P = 0.018). The predominant genotypes were G2P[4] (18.4 %), G1P[8] (14.5 %), and G1P[4]P[8] (12.8 %), and the prevalence of genotypes with uncommon and mixed combinations was more than 50 %. Children infected with G2P[4] strains tended to be older (P = 0.005) and had more severe vomiting (P = 0.018, 0.006) than those with G1P[8]. Conclusions Increase in age of infected, hospitalized children was accompanied by change in clinical severity during 2011–2014 after the introduction of vaccines in Seoul. Clinical severity was also associated with vaccination status and genotype. Long-term large scale studies are needed to document the significance of the increase in genotypes of uncommon and mixed combinations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1623-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Than VT, Jeong S, Kim W. A systematic review of genetic diversity of human rotavirus circulating in South Korea. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:462-9. [PMID: 25218045 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus infections continue to be the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young Korean children. Rotavirus data acquired from uninterrupted surveillance studies between 1989 and 2009 in South Korea were analyzed to better understand the genetic diversity and evolution. The relationship between rotaviruses and the currently licensed rotavirus vaccine viruses was also examined. The most prevalent rotavirus strains, with genotype G1P[8], followed by G3P[8], G4P[6], and G2P[4], accounted for approximately 76.7% of the total identified strains, and more recently, rotavirus G9P[8] has significance increased to be the fifth most common genotype. Phylogenetic analyses underscored the heterogeneity between viral populations within each genotype, with different lineages and sub-lineages. Although the currently licensed rotavirus vaccines are effective, safe, and economical, additional data from rotavirus monitoring is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these vaccines for their sustained use in South Korea. The present study provides comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolution of the circulating rotaviruses in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thai Than
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jeong S, Than VT, Lim I, Kim W. Whole-genome analysis of a rare human Korean G3P rotavirus strain suggests a complex evolutionary origin potentially involving reassortment events between feline and bovine rotaviruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97127. [PMID: 24818762 PMCID: PMC4018271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare human rotavirus, G3P[9] strain RVA/Human-tc/KOR/CAU12-2-51/2013/G3P[9], was isolated from the stool of a 9-year-old female hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in August 2012 in South Korea using a cell culture system, and its genome was analyzed. The complete genomic constellation of the CAU12-2-51 strain revealed a novel genotype constellation for human rotavirus, G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CAU12-2-51 strain originated from feline- and bovine-like reassortment strains. The genes encoding VP4, VP7, NSP1, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 were related to human/feline-like and feline rotavirus strains, whereas the remaining five genes encoding VP1, VP2, VP3, VP6, and NSP2 were related to the human/bovine-like and bovine rotavirus strains. This novel strain was identified for the first time, providing evidence of feline/bovine-to-human transmission of rotavirus. The data presented herein provide information regarding rotavirus diversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Van Thai Than
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inseok Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Than VT, Kim W. Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in South Korea in 1989-2009: implications for a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2013; 56:465-73. [PMID: 24348658 PMCID: PMC3859878 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.11.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of human group A rotavirus was analyzed by examining genotypic data acquired from 1989 to 2009 in South Korea. This information was derived from all the available published articles on rotavirus studies in South Korea, retrieved from both the PubMed and KoreaMed databases. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G4) and three common P types (P[8], P[4], and P[6]) accounted for approximately 93% and 99% of the rotavirus reports, respectively. The G9 type was frequently detected after 2000, and because of this prevalence, it is considered to be the fifth most important G type rotavirus after the G1.G4 genotypes. Less common G types of the virus such as G12, G11, and G10 were detected in some geographic settings, and it is important to consider the context of these subtypes and their epidemiological significance. The P[9] virus genotype was observed in the study and has been discussed in many other studies; however, the P[3], P[10] and P[25] genotypes were rarely detected in the epidemiological research. In general, the distributions of the G and P genotypes showed temporal and geographical fluctuations, and a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program that targeted these genotypes demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against the circulating rotavirus strains. However, further analysis is needed to determine the true long-term effectiveness of these vaccines; the analysis should also consider the unexpected effects of vaccinations, such as vaccine-induced diseases, herd immunity, and changes in host susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thai Than
- Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Epidemiological changes in rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Korea. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:947-52. [PMID: 23443155 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-1974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide and is associated with high hospitalization and mortality rates in children younger than 5 years of age. Vaccination is necessary to prevent rotavirus infection. Two live attenuated and orally administered rotavirus vaccines became commercially available in Korea. The aim of this study is to describe epidemiological changes in rotavirus gastroenteritis after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Korea. The medical records of 11,199 children younger than 5 years of age and hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis from August 2007 to July 2010 in eight Korean hospitals were reviewed. Rotavirus was detected in stool samples obtained from 2,959 children (26.42 %). The authors evaluated the percentage of rotavirus gastroenteritis among all acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations in eight hospitals located in different geographical areas and analyzed epidemiological changes in rotavirus gastroenteritis according to age, geographical area, and season. According to the findings, the percentage of rotavirus gastroenteritis showed a decrease in children eligible for vaccination during the study period. After introduction of the vaccine, reduced rates of rotavirus detection were observed in all of the geographical areas, and the greatest reduction was observed in Seoul. In Seoul, there was a marked delay of the rotavirus season. CONCLUSION Epidemiologic changes in Korea after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine are consistent with changes observed in other countries.
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Whole-genome sequence analysis of a Korean G11P[25] rotavirus strain identifies several porcine-human reassortant events. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2385-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shim JO, Thai Than V, Ryoo E, Lim I, Yoon Y, Kim K, Chung SI, Kim W. Distribution of rotavirus G and P genotypes approximately two years following the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in South Korea. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1307-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics; Korea University Guro Hospital; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Van Thai Than
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Eell Ryoo
- Department of Pediatrics; Gachon University of Medicine and Science; Incheon; South Korea
| | - Inseok Lim
- Department of Pediatrics; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Kijeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Sang-In Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
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Than VT, Baek IH, Kim W. Whole genomic analysis reveals the co-evolutionary phylodynamics of Korean G9P[8] human rotavirus strains. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1795-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lu CY, Chang LY, Shao PL, Suryakiran PV, Han HH, Huang LM. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, in Taiwanese infants who received a dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 112:574-7. [PMID: 24079716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This Phase-IV study evaluated the human rotavirus (RV) vaccine Rotarix (RIX4414) to provide additional local clinical data to the Taiwan Food and Drug Association (NCT01198769). Healthy infants aged 6-12 weeks who were given a hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) dose after birth, received two doses of RIX4414 (0, 2-month schedule). Anti-RV IgA antibody concentrations were measured using ELISA. A total of 15 infants were enrolled, and included in the according-to-protocol cohort. The anti-RV IgA antibody seroconversion rate 2 months post-Dose 2 was 100% (95% confidence interval = 78.2-100) and the geometric mean concentration was 254.7 U/ml (95% confidence interval = 145.0-447.7). Two episodes of gastroenteritis were reported, and one stool sample was tested for RV, which was negative. No fatal serious adverse events were reported during the study period between November 2010 and April 2011. The two-dose regimen of RIX4414 was highly immunogenic and safe when administered to healthy Taiwanese infants who received a HBIg dose after birth. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01198769.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Seo JH, Park JJ, Lim JY, Jun JS, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS, Kwon YC, Kang HL, Baik SC, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Rhee KH, Kim W. Changes in anti-group a rotavirus antibody seroprevalence and levels in the Western Gyeongnam province of Korea over 16 years. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:55-61. [PMID: 23341712 PMCID: PMC3546105 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To observe how anti-group A rotavirus antibody seropositivity rates and levels have changed in the western region of Gyeongnam Province, 2,030 serum samples collected at four collection periods (1989-1990, 1994-1995, 1999-2000, and 2004-2005) were tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for IgG, and IgA antibodies reacting to recombinant VP6 protein. The seroprevalences exhibit no regular patterns over a 16-yr period. For all four collection periods, the anti-rVP6 IgG levels rose steadily during the first 5 months of life, after which they remained high. However, the 2-9 yr and 10-39 yr groups had significantly higher IgG levels in 1999-2000 and 2004-2005, respectively, than in the other collection periods. The 1-5 mo, 40- ≥ 60 yr, and 4-29 yr groups had significantly higher IgA levels in 1989-1990, 1999-2000, and 2004-2005, respectively. The 4 yr (25.0%), 5-9 yr (18.8%), 10-14 yr (41.1%), 20-29 yr (35.0%), and 30-39 yr (20.0%) groups in 2004-2005 had significant higher IgA seropositivity rate compared to the other three collection periods. These observations suggest that in the western region of Gyeongnam Province since the late 1990s, rotavirus reinfection has occurred more frequently than previously, with all ages being at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Je Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chan-Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Myung-Je Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ryul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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18
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Than VT, Kang H, Lim I, Kim W. Molecular characterization of serotype G9 rotaviruses circulating in South Korea between 2005 and 2010. J Med Virol 2012; 85:171-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cho MK, Jheong WH, Lee SG, Park CJ, Jung KH, Paik SY. Full genomic analysis of a human rotavirus G1P[8] strain isolated in South Korea. J Med Virol 2012; 85:157-70. [PMID: 23023979 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rotavirus G1P[8] strain C1-81 was isolated from a 5-month-old female infant admitted to hospital with fever and severe diarrhea in Incheon, South Korea. To investigate its full genomic relatedness and its group, the full genome of strain C1-81 was determined. Based on a full genome classification system, C1-81 was shown to possess the typical Wa-like genotype constellation: G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. On the basis of sequence similarities, the strain was shown to be the closest related strain to contemporary human rotavirus strains with recent strains isolated in Asia. This C1-81 strain showed the highest degree of nucleic acid similarity (98.8% and 97%) to G1 B4633-03 and P[8] (Thai-1604 and Dhaka8-02), respectively. This is the first report that group A rotavirus was analyzed with G1P[8] in South Korea. The study of the complete genome of the virus will help understanding of the evolution of rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang SJ, Kang JO, Moon DS, Lee SH, Yeol AG, Jeong OY, Han HL, Chaulagain BP, Cho SS, Park YJ. [Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis relative to the infecting rotavirus g-p genotype.]. Korean J Lab Med 2012; 26:86-92. [PMID: 18156706 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2006.26.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrhea in children throughout the world. For the proper management of rotavirus infections, it will be helpful to know their clinical characteristics according to the G and P genotypes of the infecting virus. METHODS The diarrheal stool specimens from patients hospitalized in Chosun University Hospital during 2002-2003 were tested for rotavirus by Dipstick 'Eiken' Rota kit. Rotavirus antigen-positive stool specimens were analyzed for group A rotavirus by RT-PCR, and the group A-positive PCR products were genotyped for P and G types by PCR. RESULTS Among the 119 specimens analyzed for genotypes, the predominant strain was genotype G4P[6] (51.3%), followed by G2P[4] (19.3%), G1P[8] (7.6%), G3P[8] (5.0%), and G9P[8] (4.2%). To examine the characteristics of each rotavirus genotype, a clinico-epidemiological study was performed for 100 patients whose medical records were available. The frequencies of diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and fever; the rates of nosocomial infection and transfer from other hospitals; and the mean severity scores were significantly different among the patients infected with different types of rotavirus. Especially, patients with G4P[6] type were more likely than those infected with other genotypes to show the following distinct features: Most patients showed milder symptoms and were neonates transferred from other obstetric hospitals and 68.4% of the cases were nosocomial infection. G4P[6] strains were isolated almost all along the year. The mean severity scores of patients infected by G4P[6], G2P[4], G1P[8], G3P[8], and G9P[8] strains were 6.8, 9.5, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.8, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Many features of rotavirus infections including the epidemic period, rate of nosocomial infection, age and severity of symptoms were different according to the genotypes of the infecting virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Jin Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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21
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Yoon JR, You SJ. A case of midgut malrotation presenting as multiple afebrile seizures. Brain Dev 2012; 34:244-7. [PMID: 21640533 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Provoked seizures are a common pediatric problem and can be caused by multiple etiologies. However, there have been few reports of benign infantile seizures associated with gastrointestinal tract abnormality. We report on a 3-month-old male infant who presented with multiple afebrile seizures, EEG abnormalities and a midgut malrotation. Surgical treatment of the malrotation resulted in seizure resolution and EEG normalization. This case emphasizes that patients presenting with multiple seizures and symptoms of gastroenteritis should be evaluated for abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Rim Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Park S, Oh S, Lee J, Park G, Choi S, Chae Y, Kim H. Genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 55:641-4. [PMID: 21752085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute viral gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases in infants and young children. Rotavirus is mainly important in childhood. The present study determined the detection rate, seasonality and G and P genotypes of rotaviruses in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea in 2009. A total of 1,423 stool specimens were screened by ELISA for the presence of rotavirus antigens and the rotavirus-positive stools genotyped by RT-PCR. The G genotype was determined for 90% of samples (242/269) and the P genotype for 93.3% (251/269). During the study, 25 G-P combinations were detected with G1P[8] in 38.3% (n= 103) and G4P[6] in 5.9% (n= 16) cases. These data provided information on rotavirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea and provided baseline data to motivate for the implementation of control measures for rotavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Park
- Virus Team, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, 202-3 Yangjae-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-734, Korea.
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23
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Kang HY, Kim KH, Kim JH, Kim HM, Kim J, Kim MS, El Khoury AC, Kim DS. Economic evaluation of the national immunization program of rotavirus vaccination for children in Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 25:145-58. [PMID: 22234827 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511416806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors assessed the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination to develop an evidence-based national immunization program in Korea. A Markov model was constructed to compare the costs and clinical outcomes of vaccination versus no vaccination. The birth cohort of 493189 infants in 2007 was followed until the age of 5 years. Korea-specific data for epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhea were used for the modeled estimation. Efficacy of RotaTeq® was based on a recent clinical trial. Rotavirus vaccination would prevent 181238 symptomatic cases (reduction rate = 63.2%) over 5 years after birth. From the societal perspective, at a vaccination cost of 100000 Korean won (KW; 1 US$ ≈ 1200 KW) per dose, universal vaccination would cost 375 620 KW per case averted. The breakeven price of vaccine was 56061 KW. Rotavirus vaccination would reduce the burden of the disease substantially and be a cost-effective strategy to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Kang
- Yonsei University, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Incheon, Korea
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24
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Hassine-Zaafrane M, Sdiri-Loulizi K, Ben Salem I, Kaplon J, Ayouni S, Ambert-Balay K, Sakly N, Pothier P, Aouni M. The molecular epidemiology of circulating rotaviruses: three-year surveillance in the region of Monastir, Tunisia. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:266. [PMID: 21967503 PMCID: PMC3193173 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating, gastroenteritis among children worldwide. In developing countries, approximately 1440 children die from rotavirus infections each day, with an estimated 527,000 annually. In infants, rotavirus is estimated to cause more than 2 million hospitalizations every year depending on the income level of the country. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of circulating G and P genotype rotavirus strains among children consulting several dispensaries in the region of Monastir (outpatients departments) or admitted to Monastir University Hospital (inpatients department) with acute gastroenteritis. METHODS This study was undertaken during a 3-year period from April 2007 to April 2010 in Tunisian children under 13 suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools by ELISA and genotyped using multiplex reverse transcription PCRs with type-specific primers on the basis of their outer capsid proteins. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software, version 19. RESULTS Of the 435 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis, 27.6% were positive for rotavirus A. The predominant G type was G1 (37.5%), followed by G3 (25%), G2 (17.5%), G4 (12.5%), G9 (2.5%) and three mixed-G infections G3G4 (2.5%) were identified. Only P[8] (80.8%), P[4] (16.7%) and P[9] (0.8%) genotypes were found. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (37.5%), followed by G3P[8] (25%), G2P[4] (16.7%), G4P[8] (12.5%), G9P[8] (1.7%) and one case of the unusual combination G9P[9] (0.8%). The G-mixed types G3G4 combined with P[8] (2.5%). Infants less than 3 months of age were most frequently affected. The prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked in the winter season, when temperatures were low, and decreased in summer. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a common disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Tunisia's National Immunisation Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Hassine-Zaafrane
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, TU-5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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25
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Than VT, Le VP, Lim I, Kim W. Complete genomic characterization of cell culture adapted human G12P[6] rotaviruses isolated from South Korea. Virus Genes 2011; 42:317-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Shim JO, Baek IH, Le VP, Ko EM, Seok WS, Uh Y, Kim JK, Ahn SY, Lee HS, Ryoo E, Shim SY, Song W, Lim I, Kim W. Molecular characterization of rotavirus diarrhea among children in South Korea: detection of an unusual G11 strain. Arch Virol 2011; 156:887-92. [PMID: 21234769 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Among 312 rotavirus-positive samples collected from eight hospitals across South Korea during 2008 and 2009, the most prevalent circulating G genotype was G1 (35.9%), followed by G3 (24.7%), G2 (17.0%), G4 (7.7%), and G9 (2.6%). Notably, one unusual G11 lineage III strain-the first hypoendemic infection case in the world-was found. Of the P genotypes, P[8] (43.9%) was the most common, followed by P[6] (29.5%), P[4] (9.3%) and P[9] (0.6%). Determining G- and P-type combinations showed that G1P[8] was the most prevalent (20.5%), followed by G2P[6] (12.8%) and G3P[8] (12.8%). These findings provide new information concerning the current prevalence and spread of the rare G11 rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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27
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Molecular characterization of rare G12P[6] rotavirus isolates closely related to G12 strains from the United States, CAU 195 and CAU 214. Arch Virol 2010; 156:511-6. [PMID: 21132336 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two human G12 rotaviruses, CAU 195 and CAU 214, were isolated from South Korea using cell culture and characterized on the basis of sequence divergence in the VP7, VP4, and NSP4 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene sequences indicated that these strains clustered into lineage III and were most closely related to G12 rotaviruses isolated in the United States. The VP4 and NSP4 gene sequences showed that two strains belonged to the P[6]-Ia lineage and genotype [B]. This finding provides information that can be used to evaluate G12 strains and aid in the development of effective vaccines in the future.
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28
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[Toward the elimination of rotavirus gastroenteritis by universal vaccination]. Uirusu 2010; 60:33-48. [PMID: 20848863 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.60.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and is most effectively controlled by vaccines. The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended, in 2009, the inclusion of rotavirus vaccination of infants into all national immunization programs. Two, live, orally-administrable vaccines are licensed globally. They are Rotarix, a G1P[8] monovalent, human rotavirus-based vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline), and RotaTeq, a pentavalent, bovine-human reassortant vaccine (Merck). Although the two vaccines are very different in antigenic composition and administration schedule, they are almost equally safe with respect to intussusception and 90-100% efficacious against severe rotavirus diarrhea. Countries where either vaccine was introduced into the national childhood immunization program have witnessed not only a drastic decrease in the number of rotavirus hospitalizations but a near 50% reduction in the number of all-cause-diarrhea hospitalizations. Rotavirus diarrhea, an emerging infectious disease because of its discovery in 1973, may now be among vaccine preventable diseases.
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29
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Shim SY, Jung YC, Le VP, Son DW, Ryoo E, Shim JO, Lim I, Kim W. Genetic variation of G4P[6] rotaviruses: evidence for novel strains circulating between the hospital and community. J Med Virol 2010; 82:700-6. [PMID: 20166174 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One hundred forty-six fecal specimens collected between 2007 and 2008 from infants with acute gastroenteritis were screened for rotavirus by ELISA with VP6-specific antibody. One hundred twenty-three of the samples (84.2%) were confirmed to be positive for group A rotavirus (community-acquired, n = 90 [73.2%] and nosocomial, n = 33 [26.8%]), and were typed subsequently using RT-PCR and sequence analysis methods. Determination of G- and P-type combinations showed that G4P[6] (78.9%) was the most common strain, followed by G3P[8] (7.3%), G1P[8] (6.5%), G2P[4] (0.8%), G2P[6] (0.8%), G1P[6] (0.8%), and G9P[8] (0.8%) strains. Of the 97 G4P[6] strains, 62 (63.8%) were responsible for community-acquired cases and 35 (36.1%) were hospital-acquired cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene from the G4P[6] strains revealed that both the community-acquired and nosocomial strains were segregated to the human rotaviruses circulating world-wide, including the prototype vaccinal strain, ST3, which constituted a novel sublineage in lineage 1. Owing to the recent emergence of G4P[6] rotaviruses within the hospital, as well as in the community, the findings from this study are important since they provide new information concerning the community and nosocomial spread of rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
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30
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Le VP, Chung YC, Kim K, Chung SI, Lim I, Kim W. Genetic variation of prevalent G1P[8] human rotaviruses in South Korea. J Med Virol 2010; 82:886-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Lee S, Hong S, Lee S, Suh C, Park S, Lee J, Kim J, Kim D, Kim H, Jang Y, Ma S, Kim S, Sohn Y, Kang J, Paik S. Human rotavirus genotypes in hospitalized children, South Korea, April 2005 to March 2007. Vaccine 2009; 27 Suppl 5:F97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Huh JW, Moon SG, Lim YH. A survey of intestinal protozoan infections among gastroenteritis patients during a 3-year period (2004-2006) in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2009; 47:303-5. [PMID: 19724707 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and etiology of parasite-associated gastroenteritis during 2004-2006 in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea was determined by means of antigen detection ELISA on 6,071 stool specimens collected from 6 general hospitals. At least 1 parasitic agent was detected in 3.4% (208/6,071) of the stool samples. Among these, Giardia lamblia was the most numerous (152 cases; 2.5%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25 cases; 0.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (23 cases; 0.4%), and mixed infections (8 cases; 0.1%). Patients aged 1-5 years had the largest proportion (69.2%; 144/208) of parasite-positive stool specimens. Parasite-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from June to September. The detection rate gradually increased from 2004 to 2006. This study shows that parasite-mediated gastroenteritis may be significant among children in Korea and that parasite infection surveillance should be constantly performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Weon Huh
- Gyeonggido Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Korea
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33
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Motoyama M, Ichiyama T, Matsushige T, Kajimoto M, Shiraishi M, Furukawa S. Clinical characteristics of benign convulsions with rotavirus gastroenteritis. J Child Neurol 2009; 24:557-61. [PMID: 19168832 DOI: 10.1177/0883073808327829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Convulsions sometimes occur in infants and toddlers with mild gastroenteritis. We retrospectively investigated the hospital records of 106 patients admitted to our hospital who had rotavirus gastroenteritis from February 2002 to April 2008. There were 23 patients with convulsions, including 13 with benign convulsions, 9 with febrile seizures, and 1 with epilepsy. Gastroenteritis in patients with benign convulsions was mild from the viewpoint of body weights and serum creatinine concentrations on admission and the duration of admission. Serum Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations of patients with benign convulsions were relatively lower than those without convulsions on admission (P = .006, and P = .008, respectively). Twelve of thirteen patients had no other seizures after oral administration of 5 mg/kg of carbamazepine, while 1 patient had 1 convulsion 15 minutes after the therapy. In conclusion, carbamazepine therapy was effective for benign convulsions with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Motoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Huh JW, Kim WH, Moon SG, Lee JB, Lim YH. Viral etiology and incidence associated with acute gastroenteritis in a 5-year survey in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. J Clin Virol 2009; 44:152-6. [PMID: 19131274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis caused by viruses is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity. OBJECTIVE The incidence and etiology of virus-associated gastroenteritis during 2001-2005 in Gyeonggi province, South Korea was determined. STUDY DESIGN A total of 10,028 stool specimens were analyzed with enzyme immunoassay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype sequences was performed for each of four commonly detected viral pathogens. RESULTS At least one viral agent was detected in 29.0% (2908 of 10,028) of the stool samples. Among these, rotavirus was most numerous (66.7%) followed by norovirus (12.6%), astrovirus (11.9%), and enteric adenovirus (2.6%). Mixed infections were identified in 180 cases (1.8%). Patients aged 1-5 years had the largest proportion 83.6% (2430 of 2908) of virus-positive stool specimens. Viral-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from December to May. The most prevalent strains of rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and norovirus were G1 type, type 41, G1 type, and GII-1 type, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our finding showed the diversity of viral causative agents of gastroenteritis and the prevalence of each gastroenteritis-associated viral genotype in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Weon Huh
- Gyeonggido Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-290, South Korea
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35
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Kim SH, Cheon DS, Jeong HS, Kim MJ, Kee HY, Seo JJ, Kim TS, Kim ES, Park JT, Chung JK. Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Genotypes Circulating in Gwangju, Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2009.39.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Kim
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Doo-sung Cheon
- Division of Enteric and Hepatitis Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-sook Jeong
- Division of Enteric and Hepatitis Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-young Kee
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-jong Seo
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Kim
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Kim
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Keun Chung
- Health & Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea
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36
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Genotypic distribution of rotavirus strains causing severe gastroenteritis in Gyeonggi province, South Korea, from 2003 to 2005. Arch Virol 2008; 154:167-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Immunogenicity and safety of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants in Korea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:177-8. [PMID: 18174862 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31815aba79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine in 178 Korean healthy infants. Seroresponse rate for serum antirotavirus IgA titers was 94.7% among 94 vaccine recipients, as compared with 13.5% among 52 placebo recipients. Seroresponse rates in serum neutralizing antibody to each human rotavirus serotype in the vaccine were significantly higher in the vaccine group than in the placebo group. This vaccine was generally well tolerated and immunogenic.
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38
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Yang BM, Jo DS, Kim YH, Hong JM, Kim JS. The societal cost of rotavirus infection in South Korea. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2008. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Min Yang
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, korea
| | - Dae Sun Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Youn Hee Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, korea
| | - Ji Min Hong
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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39
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Moon SS, Green YS, Song JW, Ahn CN, Kim H, Park KS, Song KJ, Lee JH, Baek LJ. Genetic distribution of group A human rotavirus types isolated in Gyunggi province of Korea, 1999–2002. J Clin Virol 2007; 38:57-63. [PMID: 17118702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rotavirus genotypes G1-G4 and G9 are the major etiological agents of infantile gastroenteritis. G1 was the most prevalent in Korea during the 10-year period prior to 1997. However, between 1998 and 1999, G4 was the predominant type in Korea, as it was in other Asian countries. OBJECTIVES The circulating pattern and genetic variability of group A human rotavirus in Gyunggi, Korea, 1999-2002, were examined in 189 stool specimens. STUDY DESIGN Stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea, and group A human rotavirus type was determined using multiplex RT-PCR in those specimens found to be positive for rotavirus by ELISA. Each genotype was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequences. RESULT We found significant variability from year to year in the prevalence of different G and P types of rotavirus. We also found relatively high prevalence rates for types normally considered to be uncommon. Furthermore, we found that the most prevalent combination of G and P types changed from year to year. Although the combination of G and P types changed every year, the sequence of G genotypes showed a high level of similarity (>97%) compared to those of strains from other Asian countries. CONCLUSION We report the types of rotavirus circulating in Gyunggi province, Korea from 1999 to 2002. This information on rotavirus diversity has important implications for rotavirus vaccine efficacy and future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sil Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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40
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Detection of unusual rotavirus genotypes G8P[8] and G12P[6] in South Korea. J Med Virol 2007; 80:175-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Moon SK, Lee JI, Yoon HS, Ahn YM. Isolation rate of 4 type virus of acute gastroenteritis in full-term neonates during neonatal period. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2007. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2007.50.9.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyoung Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae In Lee
- Seoul Research Institute of Public Health & Environment, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JM, Kim HY, Lee MY, Lee KB, Cheon DS, Jee YM. The Prevalence and Genotypic Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Detected from Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis Patients in Incheon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2007.37.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jea-Mann Lee
- Incheon Institute of Health & Environment:18-4, Sinheung-dong 2-ga, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-102, Korea
| | - Hye-young Kim
- Incheon Institute of Health & Environment:18-4, Sinheung-dong 2-ga, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-102, Korea
| | - Mi-yeon Lee
- Incheon Institute of Health & Environment:18-4, Sinheung-dong 2-ga, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-102, Korea
| | - Kang-bum Lee
- Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention:194, TongIl-Lo, Eunpyung-Gu, Seoul, 122-701, Korea
| | - Doo-Sung Cheon
- Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention:194, TongIl-Lo, Eunpyung-Gu, Seoul, 122-701, Korea
| | - Young-mee Jee
- Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention:194, TongIl-Lo, Eunpyung-Gu, Seoul, 122-701, Korea
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Kang JO, Kim CR, Kilgore PE, Choi TY. G and P genotyping of human rotavirus isolated in a university hospital in Korea: implications for nosocomial infections. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:983-8. [PMID: 17179673 PMCID: PMC2721951 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.6.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize rotavirus G and P genotypes circulating among infants and young children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in a university hospital in Gyeonggi province, Korea, and to examine any association of the genotypes and nosocomial infections, we genotyped 103 isolates of rotavirus by multiplex RT-PCR. In July 2001-June 2002, we found that globally common strains constituted 64.2% (G2P[4] 28.3%, G3P[8] 28.3%, G4P[8] 5.7%, and G1P[8] 1.9%), and the uncommon strain, G4P[6], constituted 26.4%. During July 2002-June 2003, the percentage of common strains decreased to 44.0% (G3P[8] 18.0%, G2P[4] 16.8%, and G1P[8] 10.0%), but G4P[6] increased to 36.0%. G9P[8] was identified in 10.0% of cases, and thus can be considered an emerging strain in Korea. Eight-eight percent of G4P[6] was isolated from newborn babies. Among the 103 patients, there was an evidence of nosocomial rotavirus infection in 23 children (22.3%). Of these, 19 (82.6%) were newborns infected with G4P[6] strains of rotavirus. Most of the children who acquired rotavirus infection nosocomially showed symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, poor sucking, or dehydration, regardless of the genotype. This study revealed that G4P[6] has been the major genotype causing nosocomial rotavirus infection in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oak Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 249-1 Gyomundong, Guri, Korea.
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Hung LC, Wong SL, Chan LG, Rosli R, Ng ANA, Bresee JS. Epidemiology and strain characterization of rotavirus diarrhea in Malaysia. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 10:470-4. [PMID: 17046306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiology and strain characterization of rotavirus (RV), to determine the proportion of hospitalizations for diarrhea attributable to RV among children under 5 years of age, and to estimate the disease burden of RV diarrhea in Malaysia. METHODS All children 0-59 months of age admitted for acute gastroenteritis to Kuala Lumpur Hospital (KLH) or Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS) were surveyed. The periods of surveillance were from February 1, 2001 to April 30, 2003 in KLH and April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2003 for HUS. RESULTS The highest rate of RV-associated diarrhea was among children aged 6-17 months, accounting for 55% of RV-associated diarrhea. There was no seasonality observed in either hospital. P[8]G9 strains were predominant, accounting for 73% of all strains in both hospitals, 80% from KLH and 61% from HUS. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS RV was responsible for 38% of hospitalizations for diarrhea. It was most common in the 6-17 months age group. There was no seasonality observed for RV-associated diarrhea. The most prevalent strain of RV was P[8]G9. The estimated incidence of RV-associated diarrhea was 27 per 10000 population under the age of 5 years per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Hung
- Institute of Paediatrics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Studies published between 1986 and 1999 indicated that rotavirus causes ≈22% (range 17%–28%) of childhood diarrhea hospitalizations. From 2000 to 2004, this proportion increased to 39% (range 29%–45%). Application of this proportion to the recent World Health Organization estimates of diarrhea-related childhood deaths gave an estimated 611,000 (range 454,000–705,000) rotavirus-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh D Parashar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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46
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Choi JH, Kim YJ, Oh JW, Kim CL, Yum MK, Sul IJ, Kang JO. Genotype of rotavirus isolated from patients with rotaviral enteritis and neurological complications. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2006. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2006.49.5.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
| | - Chang Lyul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
| | - Myung Kul Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
| | - In Joon Sul
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
| | - Jung Oak Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Han Yang University, Guri, Korea
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Kim JS, Kang JO, Cho SC, Jang YT, Min SA, Park TH, Nyambat B, Jo DS, Gentsch J, Bresee JS, Mast TC, Kilgore PE. Epidemiological profile of rotavirus infection in the Republic of Korea: results from prospective surveillance in the Jeongeub District, 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 Suppl 1:S49-56. [PMID: 16088805 DOI: 10.1086/431506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate future decisions regarding the usefulness of rotavirus vaccines in the Republic of Korea, active surveillance was conducted in a network of clinics, emergency departments, and hospitals serving Jeongeub District, Korea. Children with diarrhea underwent standard clinical evaluations, and stool specimens were collected to test for the presence of rotavirus. Parents were interviewed to collect demographic and family information. From 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004, a total of 4106 children, representing 1 (50%) of every 2 children <5 years old in the study population, were evaluated for rotavirus diarrhea. Of the 2232 stool specimens obtained throughout the year, 460 (20.6%) were rotavirus positive; however, the monthly prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked at 49.5% in February 2004. Of the 460 rotavirus-positive stool specimens, 366 were obtained from children who visited outpatient clinics, and 94 were obtained from children who were hospitalized. By extrapolating the proportion of rotavirus-positive patients to all children with diarrhea in the surveillance system, we calculate that 882 children in Jeongeub District had rotavirus infection (which would predict that there would be 702 associated clinic visits and 180 hospitalizations). Genotyping of rotavirus strains showed that 39% of strains were type G9P[8], 24% were type G1P[8], 17% were type G3P[8], and 13% were type G2P[4]. The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea peaked at age 13-24 months, and 94% of cases occurred during the first 3 years of life. The annual incidence of all rotavirus disease-associated outcomes was 56.9 cases/1000 children <5 years old (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9-62.2 cases/1000 children <5 years old). The incidence of rotavirus disease-associated hospitalizations was 11.6 cases/1000 children <5 years old (95% CI, 9.5-14.2 cases/1000 children <5 years old). In Korea, diarrhea is common during childhood, and the incidence of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection suggests that improved programs for the prevention and control of both rotavirus diarrhea and diarrhea due to other causes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung S Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Kang JO, Kilgore P, Kim JS, Nyambat B, Kim J, Suh HS, Yoon Y, Jang S, Chang C, Choi S, Kim MN, Gentsch J, Bresee J, Glass R. Molecular Epidemiological Profile of Rotavirus in South Korea, July 2002 through June 2003: Emergence of G4P[6] and G9P[8] Strains. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 Suppl 1:S57-63. [PMID: 16088806 DOI: 10.1086/431502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the distribution of rotavirus strain genotypes in South Korea, rotavirus-positive stool specimens were collected from July 2002 through June 2003 at 8 hospitals in the Korean Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network, and they were genotyped by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The globally uncommon G4P[6] type was the most prevalent type identified among strains (27% of strains), the newly emerging G9P[8] strain accounted for 11% of strains, and the globally common genotypes (i.e., G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8]) constituted 55% of the strains characterized. Ninety percent of G4P[6] strains were detected in specimens obtained from neonates. Common genotypes were responsible for the rotavirus epidemic that began in January 2003 and ended in May 2003; however, an early peak in infections with the G4P[6] strain occurred from August through October 2002, and infections with this strain were detected throughout the remaining study period. G4P[6] strains were most commonly identified at 6 urban health care centers, but they were absent from 2 rural health care centers. The newly emerging strain G9P[8] represented a relatively greater proportion of strains identified at a hospital in the central region of Korea and at 2 hospitals in the southern region. The identification of novel rotavirus genotypes in this laboratory-based surveillance study underscores the importance to public health of continued strain surveillance among children for whom prevention of rotavirus infection by vaccination might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oak Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyunggido, South Korea.
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Podewils LJ, Antil L, Hummelman E, Bresee J, Parashar UD, Rheingans R. Projected Cost‐Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination for Children in Asia. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 Suppl 1:S133-45. [PMID: 16088797 DOI: 10.1086/431513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New rotavirus vaccines may soon be licensed, and decisions regarding implementation of their use will likely be based on the health and economic benefits of vaccination. METHODS We estimated the benefits and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Asia by using published estimates of rotavirus disease incidence, health care expenditures, vaccine coverage rates, and vaccine efficacy. RESULTS Without a rotavirus vaccination program, it is estimated that 171,000 Asian children will die of rotavirus diarrhea, 1.9 million will be hospitalized, and 13.5 million will require an outpatient visit by the time the Asian birth cohort reaches 5 years of age. The medical costs associated with these events are approximately 191 million US dollars; however, the total burden would be higher with the inclusion of such societal costs as lost productivity. A universal rotavirus vaccination program could avert approximately 109,000 deaths, 1.4 million hospitalizations, and 7.7 million outpatient visits among these children. CONCLUSIONS A rotavirus vaccine could be cost-effective, depending on the income level of the country, the price of the vaccine, and the cost-effectiveness standard that is used. Decisions regarding implementation of vaccine use should be based not only on whether the intervention provides a cost savings but, also, on the value of preventing rotavirus disease-associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries with a low income level (according to 2004 World Bank criteria for the classification of countries into income groups on the basis of per capita gross national income) where the disease burden is great.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jean Podewils
- Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Nguyen TV, Le Van P, Le Huy C, Weintraub A. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus in children less than 5 years of age in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 42:5745-50. [PMID: 15583308 PMCID: PMC535229 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.12.5745-5750.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are the major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. From March 2001 to April 2002, 836 children less than 5 years of age were investigated in Hanoi, Vietnam. This included 587 children with diarrhea and 249 age-matched controls. Group A rotavirus was identified in 46.7% of the children with diarrhea and 3.6% of the controls, which was a significant difference. Within the diarrhea group, the highest prevalence was seen in children from 13 to 24 months of age, and the prevalence was higher in males than in females. The symptoms of acute diarrhea caused by rotavirus were watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. A higher prevalence of rotavirus detection was obtained for children who had all of these symptoms, followed by those who had diarrhea with vomiting-dehydration, fever-dehydration, and dehydration. The high rates occurred from September to December, although the infection was encountered all year round. In 58 patients (21.2% of the rotavirus-infected children), rotavirus infection was detected in association with either diarrheagenic Escherichia coli or Shigella spp. The most frequent combinations were rotavirus-enteroaggregative E. coli and rotavirus-enteropathogenic E. coli. At least one enteropathogen was identified from about 64% percent of the samples. The bacterial infection may not have given rise to clinical symptoms of such severity. The present study demonstrates the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Hanoi, Vietnam. Continuous surveillance of diarrhea caused by rotavirus in young children would play an important role in diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis in order to improve the health of children in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
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