1
|
Xerri L, Adélaïde J, Avenin M, Guille A, Taix S, Bonnet N, Carbuccia N, Garnier S, Mescam L, Murati A, Chaffanet M, Coso D, Bouabdallah R, Bertucci F, Birnbaum D. Common origin of sequential cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferations with nodal involvement evidenced by genome-wide clonal evolution. Histopathology 2019; 74:654-662. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Xerri
- Department of Bio-Pathology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
| | - José Adélaïde
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Morgan Avenin
- Department of Bio-Pathology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - Arnaud Guille
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Sebastien Taix
- Department of Bio-Pathology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Nathalie Bonnet
- Department of Haematology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Lenaïg Mescam
- Department of Bio-Pathology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Anne Murati
- Department of Bio-Pathology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Diane Coso
- Department of Haematology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Reda Bouabdallah
- Department of Haematology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - François Bertucci
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
- Inserm-CNRS; CRCM; Marseille France
- Department of Predictive Oncology; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fredholm S, Willerslev-Olsen A, Met Ö, Kubat L, Gluud M, Mathiasen SL, Friese C, Blümel E, Petersen DL, Hu T, Nastasi C, Lindahl LM, Buus TB, Krejsgaard T, Wasik MA, Kopp KL, Koralov SB, Persson JL, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Iversen L, Becker JC, Ødum N. SATB1 in Malignant T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1805-1815. [PMID: 29751003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficient expression of SATB1 hampers thymocyte development and results in inept T-cell lineages. Recent data implicate dysregulated SATB1 expression in the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides, the most frequent variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Here, we report on a disease stage-associated decrease of SATB1 expression and an inverse expression of STAT5 and SATB1 in situ. STAT5 inhibited SATB1 expression through induction of microRNA-155. Decreased SATB1 expression triggered enhanced expression of IL-5 and IL-9 (but not IL-6 and IL-32), whereas increased SATB1 expression had the opposite effect, indicating that the microRNA-155 target SATB1 is a repressor of IL-5 and IL-9 in malignant T cells. In accordance, inhibition of STAT5 and its upstream activator JAK3 triggered increased SATB1 expression and a concomitant suppression of IL-5 and IL-9 expression in malignant T cells. In conclusion, we provide a mechanistic link between the proto-oncogenic JAK3/STAT5/microRNA-155 pathway, SATB1, and cytokines linked to CTCL severity and progression, indicating that SATB1 dysregulation is involved in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fredholm
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Özcan Met
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Linda Kubat
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK and DKFZ), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Gluud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah L Mathiasen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Friese
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Edda Blümel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David L Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tengpeng Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Terkild B Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katharina L Kopp
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Division of Basal Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK and DKFZ), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Expression of IL-21 Is Promoted by MEKK4 in Malignant T Cells and Associated with Increased Progression Risk in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:866-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Thakar NY, Ovchinnikov DA, Hastie ML, Kobe B, Gorman JJ, Wolvetang EJ. TRAF2 recruitment via T61 in CD30 drives NFκB activation and enhances hESC survival and proliferation. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:993-1006. [PMID: 25568342 PMCID: PMC4342033 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD30 activates NFκB signaling in human embryonic stem cells. A single threonine residue in the CD30v protein is critical for this and recruitment of TRAF2. The data reveal the importance of this interaction for hESC survival and proliferation. CD30 (TNFRSF8), a tumor necrosis factor receptor family protein, and CD30 variant (CD30v), a ligand-independent form encoding only the cytoplasmic signaling domain, are concurrently overexpressed in transformed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or hESCs cultured in the presence of ascorbate. CD30 and CD30v are believed to increase hESC survival and proliferation through NFκB activation, but how this occurs is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that hESCs that endogenously express CD30v and hESCs that artificially overexpress CD30v exhibit increased ERK phosphorylation levels, activation of the canonical NFκB pathway, down-regulation of the noncanonical NFκB pathway, and reduced expression of the full-length CD30 protein. We further find that CD30v, surprisingly, resides predominantly in the nucleus of hESC. We demonstrate that alanine substitution of a single threonine residue at position 61 (T61) in CD30v abrogates CD30v-mediated NFκB activation, CD30v-mediated resistance to apoptosis, and CD30v-enhanced proliferation, as well as restores normal G2/M-checkpoint arrest upon H2O2 treatment while maintaining its unexpected subcellular distribution. Using an affinity purification strategy and LC-MS, we identified TRAF2 as the predominant protein that interacts with WT CD30v but not the T61A-mutant form in hESCs. The identification of Thr-61 as a critical residue for TRAF2 recruitment and canonical NFκB signaling by CD30v reveals the substantial contribution that this molecule makes to overall NFκB activity, cell cycle changes, and survival in hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Y Thakar
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dmitry A Ovchinnikov
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marcus L Hastie
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4067 QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
SATB1 overexpression promotes malignant T-cell proliferation in cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disease by repressing p21. Blood 2014; 123:3452-61. [PMID: 24747435 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-534693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disease (CD30(+)LPD), characterized by the presence of CD30(+) anaplastic large T cells, comprises the second most common group of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, little is known about the pathobiology of the CD30(+) lymphoma cells, as well as the mechanisms of disease progression. Here we report that Special AT-rich region binding protein 1 (SATB1), a thymocyte specific chromatin organizer, is over-expressed in CD30(+) lymphoma cells in most CD30(+)LPDs, and its expression is upregulated during disease progression. Our findings show that SATB1 silencing in CD30(+)LPD cells leads to G1 cell cycle arrest mediated by p21 activation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assays, and mutational analysis, we demonstrate that SATB1 directly regulates the transcription of p21 in a p53-independent manner. Moreover, DNA demethylation on a specific CpG-rich region of the SATB1 promoter is associated with the upregulation of SATB1 during disease progression. These experiments define a novel SATB1-p21 pathway in malignant CD30(+) T lymphocytes, which provides novel molecular insights into the pathogenesis of CD30(+)LPDs and possibly leads to new therapies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Story SK, Schowalter MK, Geskin LJ. Breast implant-associated ALCL: a unique entity in the spectrum of CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. Oncologist 2013; 18:301-7. [PMID: 23429741 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders represent a spectrum of diseases with distinct clinical phenotypes ranging from reactive conditions to aggressive systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)(-) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In January 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a possible association between breast implants and ALCL, which was likened to systemic ALCL and treated accordingly. We analyzed existing data to see if implant-associated ALCL (iALCL) may represent a distinct entity, different from aggressive ALCL. We conducted a systematic review of publications regarding ALCL and breast implantation for 1990-2012 and contacted corresponding authors to obtain long-term follow-up where available. We identified 44 unique cases of iALCL, the majority of which were associated with seroma, had an ALK(-) phenotype (97%), and had a good prognosis, different from the expected 40% 5-year survival rate of patients with ALK(-) nodal ALCL (one case remitted spontaneously following implant removal; only two deaths have been reported to the FDA or in the scientific literature since 1990). The majority of these patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone with or without radiation, but radiation alone also resulted in complete clinical responses. It appears that iALCL demonstrates a strong association with breast implants, a waxing and waning course, and an overall good prognosis, with morphology, cytokine profile, and biological behavior similar to those of primary cutaneous ALCL. Taken together, these data are suggestive that iALCL may start as a reactive process with the potential to progress and acquire an aggressive phenotype typical of its systemic counterpart. A larger analysis and prospective evaluation and follow-up of iALCL patients are necessary to definitively resolve the issue of the natural course of the disease and best therapeutic approaches for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Story
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Dermatology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
High soluble CD30, CD25, and IL-6 may identify patients with worse survival in CD30+ cutaneous lymphomas and early mycosis fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:703-10. [PMID: 22071475 PMCID: PMC3278552 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology alone cannot predict outcome of patients with CD30+ primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30CLPD) and early mycosis fungoides (MF). To test the hypothesis that serum cytokines/cytokine receptors provide prognostic information in these disorders, we measured soluble CD30 (sCD30), sCD25, and selected cytokines in cell cultures and sera of 116 patients with CD30CLPD and 96 patients with early MF followed up to 20 years. Significant positive correlation was found between sCD30 levels and sCD25, CD40L, IL-6, and IL-8, suggesting CD30+ neoplastic cells secrete these cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines. In vitro studies confirmed sCD30, sCD25, IL-6 and IL-8 are secreted by CD30CLPD-derived cell lines. CD30CLPD patients with above normal sCD30 and sCD25 had worse overall and disease-related survivals, but only sCD30 retained significance in Cox models that included advanced age. High sCD30 also identified patients with worse survival in early MF. Increased IL-6 and IL-8 correlated with poor disease-related survival in CD30CLPD patients, We conclude that: (1) neoplastic cells of some CD30CLPD patients do not resemble Th2 cells, (2) high serum sCD30, sCD25, IL-6, and perhaps IL-8 levels may provide prognostic information useful for patient management.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kadin ME, Pavlov IY, Delgado JC, Vonderheid EC. High soluble CD30, CD25, and IL-6 may identify patients with worse survival in CD30+ cutaneous lymphomas and early mycosis fungoides. THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 2011. [PMID: 22071475 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histopathology alone cannot predict the outcome of patients with CD30+ primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30CLPD) and early mycosis fungoides (MF). To test the hypothesis that serum cytokines/cytokine receptors provide prognostic information in these disorders, we measured soluble CD30 (sCD30), sCD25, and selected cytokines in cell cultures and sera of 116 patients with CD30CLPD and 96 patients with early MF followed up to 20 years. Significant positive correlation was found between sCD30 levels and sCD25, CD40L, IL-6, and IL-8, suggesting that CD30+ neoplastic cells secrete these cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines. In vitro studies confirmed that sCD30, sCD25, IL-6, and IL-8 are secreted by CD30CLPD-derived cell lines. CD30CLPD patients with above normal sCD30 and sCD25 levels had worse overall and disease-related survivals, but only sCD30 retained significance in Cox models that included advanced age. High sCD30 also identified patients with worse survival in early MF. Increased IL-6 and IL-8 levels correlated with poor disease-related survival in CD30CLPD patients. We conclude that (1) neoplastic cells of some CD30CLPD patients do not resemble Th2 cells, and that (2) high serum sCD30, sCD25, IL-6, and perhaps IL-8 levels may provide prognostic information useful for patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gencoglan G, Ozturk F, Inanir I, Miskioglu M, Temiz P, Gunduz K. Primary cutaneous anaplastic CD30 + large-cell lymphoma that completely regressed after incisional skin biopsy. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010; 30:163-6. [PMID: 21083511 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2010.534749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 48-year-old woman with three erythematous nodules localized on the left forearm, with 2 months evolution. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a CD30(+) large-cell lymphoma. Systemic involvement was not detected. The tumor regressed spontaneously within a week, after the incisional skin biopsy. In control skin biopsy, there was not any histological feature of lymphoma. No reactivation or any symptom of systemic disease was observed during the 10-month follow-up period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Gencoglan
- Department of Dermatology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernandez-Flores A. CD30 role in the progression of epithelial tumors? Am J Dermatopathol 2010; 32:315. [PMID: 20182340 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e3181bbd430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Wozniak MB, Piris MA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: two faces of the same coin. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:348-51. [PMID: 20081890 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) and cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (C-PTL-NOS) are cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with distinct clinical behaviors. Whereas C-ALCL has a favorable prognosis with frequent spontaneous disease regression, C-PTL-NOS runs a more aggressive course. The molecular pathogenesis of these cutaneous T-cell lymphoma types has not yet been studied in detail. In this issue, van Kester et al. report new imbalances that could contribute to our understanding of the differences between these two lymphoma types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena B Wozniak
- Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Braun FK, Hirsch B, Al-Yacoub N, Dürkop H, Assaf C, Kadin ME, Sterry W, Eberle J. Resistance of cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells to apoptosis by death ligands is enhanced by CD30-mediated overexpression of c-FLIP. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:826-40. [PMID: 19890350 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Death ligands, including TNF-alpha, CD95L/FasL, and TRAIL, mediate safeguard mechanisms against tumor growth and critically contribute to lymphocyte homeostasis. We investigated death receptor-mediated apoptosis and CD30/CD95 crosstalk in four CD30-positive cell lines of cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (cALCL). Whereas CD95 stimulation strongly induced apoptosis in cALCL cells, the pro-apoptotic pathways of TNF-alpha and TRAIL were completely blocked at an early step. Expression of TNF receptor 1 was lost in three of four cell lines, providing an explanation for TNF-alpha unresponsiveness. TRAIL resistance may be explained by the consistent overexpression of cellular flice inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) (four of four cell lines) and frequent loss of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bid (three of four cell lines). Changes at the receptor-expression level were largely ruled out. CD30/CD95 crosstalk experiments showed that CD30 ligation leads to NF-kappaB-mediated c-FLIP upregulation in cALCL cells, which in turn conferred enhanced resistance to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Knockdown of c-FLIP by a lentiviral approach enhanced basic apoptosis rates in cALCL cells and diminished the CD30-mediated suppression of apoptosis, thus proving the significance of c-FLIP in this context. These in vitro findings may be indicative of the clinical situation of cALCL. Further clarifying the defects in apoptosis pathways in cutaneous lymphomas may lead to improved therapies for these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Braun
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, HTCC-Skin Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lv Y, Bao E. Apoptosis induced in chicken embryo fibroblasts in vitro by a polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid copolymer. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1360-4. [PMID: 19563882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated apoptosis induced in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells by the toxic effects of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid copolymer (Poly I:C). Along with cell viability and morphological changes, other indicators were measured in vitro after incubation of the cells with Poly I:C, including phosphatidylserine translocation, the formation of DNA fragments, activity of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and the expression levels of RIPK1 mRNA and TNRSF8 mRNA. An inhibition of proliferation was found with increasing levels of Poly I:C, showing that Poly I:C was toxic to the cells. The findings of phosphatidylserine translocation and formation of DNA fragmentation suggested that Poly I:C induced apoptosis. With increased incubation time, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 increased, while there was no significant change in caspase-9 activity. Accordingly, it is concluded that the apoptosis induced by Poly I:C involves a cell death receptor-mediated pathway. The transcription level of RIPK1 mRNA decreased, while that of TNFRSF8 mRNA increased, indicating that Poly I:C-induced apoptosis was related to upregulation of TNFRSF8. These observations provide insight into the potential mechanism of Poly I:C-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li R, Morris SW. Development of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:372-412. [PMID: 17694547 DOI: 10.1002/med.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in the genesis of several human cancers; indeed, ALK was initially identified in constitutively activated and oncogenic fusion forms--the most common being nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK--in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) known as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and subsequent studies identified ALK fusions in the human sarcomas called inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In addition, two recent reports have suggested that the ALK fusion, TPM4-ALK, may be involved in the genesis of a subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. While the cause-effect relationship between ALK fusions and malignancies such as ALCL and IMT is very well established, more circumstantial links implicate the involvement of the full-length, normal ALK receptor in the genesis of additional malignancies including glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and others; in these instances, ALK is believed to foster tumorigenesis following activation by autocrine and/or paracrine growth loops involving the reported ALK ligands, pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK). There are no currently available ALK small-molecule inhibitors approved for clinical cancer therapy; however, recognition of the variety of malignancies in which ALK may play a causative role has recently begun to prompt developmental efforts in this area. This review provides a succinct summary of normal ALK biology, the confirmed and putative roles of ALK fusions and the full-length ALK receptor in the development of human cancers, and efforts to target ALK using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- High-Throughput Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, 16981 Via Tazon, Suites K, San Diego, California 92127, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Droc C, Cualing HD, Kadin ME. Need for an improved molecular/genetic classification for CD30+ lymphomas involving the skin. Cancer Control 2007; 14:124-32. [PMID: 17387297 DOI: 10.1177/107327480701400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectrum of diseases that constitute the CD30+ lymphomas, with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) at one end, and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) at the other end, shows variable morphology, immunophenotype, and clinical behavior. The border between these diseases is sometimes difficult to establish and there are many grey zones in their classification. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and research literature and guided by our experiences attempted to discern molecular and phenotypic criteria to improve the classification and identify molecular targets for therapy of CD30-positive cutaneous lymphomas. RESULTS Functional studies of ALCL cell lines clonally derived from LyP have revealed loss of growth inhibition by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), due to TGF-beta receptor mutations. Studies of genetic variants of the CD30 promoter showed distinct microsatellite alleles associated with development of LyP and lymphoma progression. Studies of LyP and cutaneous ALCL tissues and cell lines suggest a dual role for CD30/CD30 ligand interactions in regression of LyP and progression to lymphoma. CD30 signaling activates NF-kappaB in cell lines derived from cutaneous ALCL but not anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive systemic ALCL in which growth arrest occurs through cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1. Other likely biomarkers of disease progression include differential expression of Bcl-2, fascin, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, and T-cell receptor clonality. These may lead to improved classification, diagnoses, and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS The current clinicopathologic classification of CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders is insufficient. Incorporating genetic and molecular criteria would better define the borders between benign/ malignant and aggressive/nonaggressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Droc
- Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goteri G, Simonetti O, Rupoli S, Piccinini G, Rubini C, Stramazzotti D, Fazioli F, Capomagi C, Leoni P, Offidani AM, Lo Muzio L, Lomuzio L. Differences in survivin location and Bcl-2 expression in CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin compared with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:41-8. [PMID: 17484779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are a spectrum of disease associated with a favourable prognosis. Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), although morphologically and phenotypically similar, differs in clinical presentation and has a less favourable biological behaviour. Dysregulation of apoptosis, the process regulating cell population by programmed death, can explain the differences among these disorders. OBJECTIVES We investigated the expression of two inhibitors of apoptosis, survivin and Bcl-2 protein, in serial skin lesion samples from CD30+ LPDs compared with systemic ALCL. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-1 protein, survivin and Bcl-2 protein was performed in 10 cutaneous CD30+ LPDs (five lymphomatoid papulosis, five ALCL) and 18 systemic ALCLs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies for ALK and ALK/nucleophosmin were also performed. RESULTS Cutaneous CD30+ LPDs shared a heterogeneous expression of cytoplasmic survivin with all systemic ALCLs, and of Bcl-2 with systemic ALK- ALCLs; however, they differ from systemic ALK- ALCLs because they lack nuclear survivin (P = 0.045), and from systemic ALK+ ALCLs by a higher expression of Bcl-2 (P = 0.045) and a lack of ALK-1. Overall, coexpression of Bcl-2 and nuclear survivin in CD30+ LPDs was associated with a less favourable disease survival. CONCLUSIONS The different patterns of expression of Bcl-2 and survivin in CD30+ LPDs might have an impact on their different biological and clinical behaviour. Moreover, nuclear localization of survivin, similarly to ALK, may be a useful marker for predicting a systemic form of ALCL with cutaneous presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Goteri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Assaf C, Hirsch B, Wagner F, Lucka L, Grünbaum M, Gellrich S, Lukowsky A, Sterry W, Stein H, Dürkop H. Differential expression of TRAF1 aids in the distinction of cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferations. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1898-904. [PMID: 17392826 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (cALCL), and cutaneous infiltrates of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) are CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin that overlap clinically, histopathologically, immunophenotypically, and genetically but differ considerably in their prognosis. In particular, lesions of LyP regress spontaneously, whereas those of cALCL and sALCL persist and may progress and spread to extracutaneous sites. In contrast to patients with cALCL, LyP patients do not benefit from an aggressive radio- and/or chemotherapeutic approach. We generated a novel tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) antibody that recognizes a formalin-resistant epitope (Ber-TRAF1A) and investigated the expression of TRAF1, an intracellular component of TNFR signaling, in LyP and ALCL. We could show a strong TRAF1 expression in the tumor cells of most LyP cases (42/49, 84%). In contrast, tumor cells of primary and secondary cALCL revealed TRAF1 expression in only a few cases (3/41, 7%) as shown for sALCL without skin manifestation. The data indicate that TRAF1 expression reliably distinguishes LyP from primary or secondary cALCL. This might be of crucial diagnostic importance and has a strong impact on the treatment decision for patients with cALCL and LyP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, CBF, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Franchina M, Kadin ME, Abraham LJ. Polymorphism of the CD30 promoter microsatellite repressive element is associated with development of primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:1322-5. [PMID: 15894695 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis is a preneoplastic cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by overexpression of CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. CD30 signaling is known to have an effect on the growth and survival of lymphoid cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that the development of lymphomatoid papulosis and progression to an associated neoplasm such as cutaneous and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma may reflect an underlying genetic defect. In this study, we determined that two allelic forms of the CD30 promoter microsatellite repressive element, designated 30M377 and 30M362, are associated with the development of lymphomatoid papulosis and CD30+ lymphomas in lymphomatoid papulosis patients, respectively. These findings suggest that allele-specific differences in the control of CD30 transcription may determine the pathogenesis of the spectrum of CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franchina
- The Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Level 6, MRF Building, 50 Rear Murray Street, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Watanabe M, Sasaki M, Itoh K, Higashihara M, Umezawa K, Kadin ME, Abraham LJ, Watanabe T, Horie R. JunB Induced by Constitutive CD30–Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Activates the CD30 Promoter in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Reed-Sternberg Cells of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7628-34. [PMID: 16140928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High expression of CD30 and JunB is characteristic of tumor cells in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Possible interactions of CD30 and JunB were examined in this study. We found that the CD30 promoter in tumor cells of both nucleophosmin (NPM)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and NPM-ALK-negative ALCL and HL is regulated by a constitutively active CD30-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK was confirmed in nuclei of tumor cells in both ALCL and HL. CD30-ERK1/2 MAPK signals induce JunB expression, which maintains high activity of the CD30 promoter. JunB induction seems to be largely independent of nuclear factor kappaB in ALCL and HL. These results show a common mechanism of CD30 overexpression in ALCL and HL, although the outcome of CD30 signaling differs between NPM-ALK-positive ALCL and NPM-ALK-negative ALCL, cutaneous ALCL, and HL as we recently reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Watanabe
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clarke LE, Bayerl MG, Bruggeman RD, Mauger D, Ioffreda MD, Abou-Elella A, Helm KF. Death Receptor Apoptosis Signaling Mediated by FADD in CD30-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders Involving the Skin. Am J Surg Pathol 2005; 29:452-9. [PMID: 15767797 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000155154.46434.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL), and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (S-ALCL) are lesions that overlap clinically, histopathologically, and immunophenotypically. Their biologic behaviors, however, vary considerably. In particular, lesions of LyP regress spontaneously while those of S-ALCL persist and often progress. Apoptosis has been suggested as the mechanism by which the lesions of LyP regress, but the underlying signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, we used newly developed activation state-specific antibodies to demonstrate apoptosis signaling through the death receptor-mediated pathway regulated by FADD and caspase 3. METHODS Dual immunohistochemistry for CD30 and activated forms of FADD and caspase 3 was performed on cutaneous biopsy specimens from 27 patients with CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin. The patients included 18 with primary cutaneous CD30-positive LPDs (15 with LyP and 3 with C-ALCL) and 9 with S-ALCL. RESULTS The proportion of CD30-positive cells expressing activated FADD was significantly different between primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and S-ALCL (36.4% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.0083). Expression of cleaved caspase 3 was also significantly different between primary cutaneous lesions and S-ALCL (9.2% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Although a larger number of cases should be studied to validate these results, these data provide evidence that differences in signaling through the death-receptor apoptosis pathway mediated by FADD may be responsible for the varying biologic behaviors of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren E Clarke
- Departments of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aguilar-Bernier M, Bassas-Vila J, Bordel-Gomez MT, Morales-Callaghan A, Tejerina-Garcia JA, Miranda-Romero A. Lymphomatoid papulosis associated with parathyroid nodular hyperplasia: report of a case. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18:693-6. [PMID: 15482298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is infrequent, with only three cases reported to date. We present a patient with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) who developed hypercalcaemia secondary to parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. A review of the literature has revealed no similar cases; we therefore believe this to be the first description of the association between LyP and PHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar-Bernier
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario, Avda.Ramon y Cajal, 3. 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Granados S, Hwang ST. Roles for CD30 in the biology and treatment of CD30 lymphoproliferative diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:1345-7. [PMID: 15175022 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Pulford K, Morris SW, Turturro F. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase proteins in growth control and cancer. J Cell Physiol 2004; 199:330-58. [PMID: 15095281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The normal functions of full-length anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) remain to be completely elucidated. Although considered to be important in neural development, recent studies in Drosophila also highlight a role for ALK in gut muscle differentiation. Indeed, the Drosophila model offers a future arena for the study of ALK, its ligands and signalling cascades. The discovery of activated fusion forms of the ALK tyrosine kinase in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has dramatically improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of these lymphomas and enhanced the pathological diagnosis of this subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Likewise, the realisation that a high percentage of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours express activated-ALK fusion proteins has clarified the causation of these mesenchymal neoplasms and provided for their easier discrimination from other mesenchymal-derived inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) mimics. Recent reports of ALK expression in a range of carcinoma-derived cell lines together with its apparent role as a receptor for PTN and MK, both of which have been implicated in tumourigenesis, raise the possibility that ALK-mediated signalling could play a role in the development and/or progression of a number of common solid tumours. The therapeutic targeting of ALK may prove to have efficacy in the treatment of many of these neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pulford
- Leukaemia Research Fund Immunodiagnostics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hübinger G, Schneider C, Stöhr D, Ruff H, Kirchner D, Schwänen C, Schmid M, Bergmann L, Müller E. CD30-induced up-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis genes cIAP1 and cIAP2 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:382-9. [PMID: 15050749 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of the cytokine receptor CD30 is a typical feature of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). CD30-induced effects have a great impact on cell activation and viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Karpas 299 cells, we performed differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) to identify novel genes involved in CD30 signaling in ALCL. Activation of CD30 was induced by treatment with immobilized anti-CD30 antibody. RNA and protein expression were confirmed in different cell lines by Northern and Western blot analysis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was applied to examine cell viability. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathways were blocked using a specific inhibitor. RESULTS We found strongly enhanced expression of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis cIAP1 and cIAP2 in Karpas 299 cells stimulated with anti-CD30. Furthermore, we showed that CD30-regulated expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 was mediated by NFkappaB. Induction of NFkappaB, cIAP1, and cIAP2 correlated with partial protection from apoptotic cell death caused by etoposide. Correspondingly, inhibition of the NFkappaB pathway not only prevented the prevalent antiapoptotic effects mediated by CD30, but even led to CD30-induced apoptosis. Finally, we found enhanced expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in several other ALCL cell lines and the HD-derived cell line HDLM-2 upon CD30 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CD30-mediated protection from apoptosis is a common feature of CD30(+) cells. Therefore, CD30-induced signaling may have a significant impact on the clinical outcome of patients with ALCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hübinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Umegaki N, Moritsugu R, Katoh S, Harada K, Nakano H, Tamai K, Hanada K, Tanaka M. Photodynamic therapy may be useful in debulking cutaneous lymphoma prior to radiotherapy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004; 29:42-5. [PMID: 14723720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a promising new treatment for superficial malignant nonmelanoma tumours, including cutaneous malignant lymphoma. Here, we report a case of cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma effectively treated by PDT with topical 5-ALA in combination with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Umegaki
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Younes A, Kadin ME. Emerging applications of the tumor necrosis factor family of ligands and receptors in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3526-34. [PMID: 12972530 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members have been linked to several human diseases, including cancer. Novel treatment strategies for cancer are emerging based on an understanding of the function of TNF family members. The advantage of these strategies is their potential to selectively target cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. Combining these new strategies with currently available treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy is under investigation, with promising results. However, because some TNF family members are toxic to normal mammalian cells when administered systemically, only a few TNF family members have potential therapeutic value. This concise review focuses on the clinical implications of four TNF family members for cancer treatment: CD30/CD30 ligand, CD40/CD40 ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) Apo-2L/TRAIL receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Younes
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Unit 429, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a neoplasm of activated lymphocytes, commonly expressing T-cell antigens and cytotoxic proteins. Histopathology reveals distinctive infiltration of sinuses and paracortical T-cell-rich regions of lymph nodes by tumor cells which have abundant cytoplasm and large irregular/convoluted nuclei, and which are frequently multinucleated with prominent nucleoli. ALCL often presents in advanced clinical stages with B symptoms; extranodal disease occurs in 40% of patients. The pathogenesis of systemic ALCL is linked to phosphorylation of a tyrosine kinase (ALK) resulting in unregulated growth of affected lymphoid cells. ALK is activated through chromosomal translocations/inversions with any of several partner genes, most commonly nucleophosmin (NPM). Downstream signal transduction pathway(s) are not fully defined but appear to involve phospholipase Cgamma, phosphatidylinositol (PI)3K/Akt, and STAT-3 and STAT-5 proteins. Primary cutaneous ALCL appears to have a different pathogenesis and better prognosis than does systemic ALCL, presenting as one or more skin tumors, usually localized. Excision or local irradiation is usually effective treatment. A clinically benign variant of primary cutaneous ALCL is lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), characterized by recurrent crops of papules/nodules up to 2 cm in diameter which undergo spontaneous regression. LyP is managed by observation, ultraviolet light therapy, or low-dose methotrexate. LyP patients have a predisposition to develop malignant lymphomas, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, by as yet unknown mechanisms. The prognosis for patients with LyP is otherwise excellent.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/classification
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/etiology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gellrich S, Wilks A, Lukowsky A, Wernicke M, Müller A, Marcus Muche J, Fischer T, Jasch KC, Audring H, Sterry W. T cell receptor-gamma gene analysis of CD30+ large atypical individual cells in CD30+ large primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:670-5. [PMID: 12648233 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of primary cutaneous CD30+ large T cell lymphoma are large lymphoid tumor cells, at least 75% of which, by definition, must be positive for CD30. The relatively benign clinical course of this lymphoma type has been explained with CD30-induced apoptosis, on the assumption that expression of CD30 defines the tumor clone; however, this hypothesis has not been tested on the molecular level to date. In this study we analyzed CD30+ cells in four patients with primary cutaneous CD30+ large T cell lymphoma by single cell polymerase chain reaction of T cell receptor-gamma genes followed by sequencing. Here, we demonstrate that most of the large CD30+ atypical cells possessed identical T cell receptor-gamma gene rearrangements, indicative of clonal proliferation. Nevertheless, polyclonally rearranged T cells were present in all CD30+ samples studied. In addition, one patient showed a second clone in a separate biopsy and three of four patients showed chromosomal imbalances as revealed by comparative genomic hybridization. Taken together, our data suggest that the CD30+ population in primary cutaneous CD30+ large T cell lymphoma indeed contains the tumor clone, thus providing molecular support for a link between clinical course and CD30-related signaling. Importantly, however, CD30 expression does not define the tumor clone as bystander T cells, as well as occasional additional clones, are also present in this population.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis
- Clone Cells
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Humans
- Ki-1 Antigen/analysis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/chemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/chemistry
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylke Gellrich
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Strieth S, Hartschuh W, Pilz L, Fusenig NE. Carcinoma-like vascular density in atypic keratoacanthoma suggests malignant progression. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:1301-7. [PMID: 12439721 PMCID: PMC2408913 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/29/2002] [Accepted: 09/04/2002] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis between keratoacanthomas and well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas based on clinical and histomorphological data is problematic. Recent findings of cellular atypia in a large proportion of keratoacanthomas indicated that these potentially 'self-healing' cutaneous neoplasms had the potential for malignant progression. Another malignancy-associated criterion is enhanced angiogenesis with increased microvessel density. To provide further diagnostic markers for keratoacanthomas we examined microvessel density on paraffin sections of 13 keratoacanthomas in comparison with 10 normal skin biopsies and 16 late-stage skin squamous cell carcinomas by counting and by computer-assisted image analysis of CD31-immunostained vessels. A significant increase of microvessel density in 'hot spots' was observed in keratoacanthomas as compared to normal skin. Furthermore, when keratoacanthomas were subdivided into tumours with and without malignancy-associated atypic areas, only those with atypia (n=6) were significantly better vascularised than normal skin and had a mean microvessel density in the range of late-stage squamous cell carcinomas. Both keratoacanthoma subtypes revealed comparable levels of inflammatory cell infiltration, tumour cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (mRNA and protein). Thus, in addition to malignancy-associated cellular atypia, increased microvessel density may serve as further diagnostic parameter to discriminate keratoacanthomas with a potential to progress to malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Strieth
- Division of Differentiation and Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schneider C, Hübinger G. Pleiotropic signal transduction mediated by human CD30: a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:1355-66. [PMID: 12389614 DOI: 10.1080/10428190290033288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, is a characteristic cell surface receptor for activated T-cells and the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease (HD), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and a few other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. As an independent predictor of disease progression and poor prognosis, high serum levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) have prognostic significance for patients with CD30-positive lymphomas and viral infections. Activation of CD30 by ligand binding or cross-linking with immobilized antibody leads to trimerization of the receptor, recruitment of signaling proteins and transducing of numerous effects. Due to the lack of an intrinsic enzymatic domain, signal transduction is exclusively mediated by the members of the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) family and the various TRAF-binding proteins. CD30 signaling can induce several pathways including the activation of NFkappaB and the MAP kinases. CD30 mediated signal transduction is capable of promoting cell proliferation and cell survival as well as antiproliferative effects and cell death depending on cell type and co-stimulatory effects. Some data indicate the opposite signaling of CD30 in HD or ALCL cells, while other information point to pleiotropic signaling pathways in both malignancies. The pro and contra of this controversy is discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
31
|
De Panfilis G. 'Activation-induced cell death': a special program able to preserve the homeostasis of the skin? Exp Dermatol 2002; 11:1-11. [PMID: 11952823 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 'activation-induced cell death' (AICD) is a molecular system leading to death of antigen-activated T lymphocytes, in order to avoid accumulation of harmful cytokine-releasing cells. This article reviews both the molecular mechanisms working in AICD and the role played by such mechanisms in preventing a number of skin diseases. Specifically, because AICD removes activated and autoreactive T cells through a CD95-/CD95-L-mediated suicide, skin diseases were scrutinized in which such valuable machinery could be lacking. Indeed, at least some inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, can be sustained by an increased survival of activated T lymphocytes associated with deficient CD95-/CD95-L-mediated AICD of such strong pro-inflammatory cells. In addition, autoreactive skin diseases, including, e.g. alopecia areata, lichen planus and other lichenoid tissue reactions, can be related to autoreactive T lymphocytes which could be unable to undergo CD95-/CD95-L-mediated AICD. Finally, a lack of AICD may be executive even in favoring cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Thus, because inflammatory, autoreactive and neoplastic skin diseases can be associated with a deficient CD95-/CD95-L-mediated suicide of activated T cells, AICD is likely to represent a fundamental program to preserve the homeostasis of the skin. Therapeutic approaches able to restore the AICD machinery promise to successfully treat such relevant skin diseases.
Collapse
|
32
|
Levi E, Pfeifer WM, Kadin ME. CD30-activation-mediated growth inhibition of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cell lines: apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest? Blood 2001; 98:1630-2. [PMID: 11547770 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.5.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Cycle
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Ki-1 Antigen/immunology
- Ki-1 Antigen/physiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
Collapse
|
33
|
Kadin ME, Levi E, Kempf W. Progression of lymphomatoid papulosis to systemic lymphoma is associated with escape from growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta and CD30 ligand. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 941:59-68. [PMID: 11594583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our objective is to understand the mechanism of progression of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) to CD30+ systemic lymphoma. LyP lesions appear in recurrent crops that regress, only to reappear at a later date in the same or different locations. About 10% of patients develop systemic lymphoma. Because transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and CD30 ligand inhibit the growth of normal lymphocytes and can be detected in regressing lesions of LyP, we tested the effect of these cytokines on cell lines clonally derived from LyP in the progression to systemic lymphoma. TGF-beta failed to inhibit the growth of lymphoma cells from advanced disease due to mutations of the TGF-beta receptor complex that prevented binding of the ligand to tumor cells. A CD30 ligand agonist antibody caused proliferation of tumor cells from one patient and had no effect on tumor cells of another. In contrast, a Fas agonist antibody caused significant growth inhibition of all cell lines. The results suggest that progression of LyP to lymphoma is associated with escape of lymphoma cells from growth regulation by TGF-beta and CD30 ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Kadin
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|