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Asefifeyzabadi N, Nguyen T, Li H, Zhu K, Yang HY, Baniya P, Medina Lopez A, Gallegos A, Hsieh HC, Dechiraju H, Hernandez C, Schorger K, Recendez C, Tebyani M, Selberg J, Luo L, Muzzy E, Hsieh C, Barbee A, Orozco J, Alhamo MA, Levin M, Aslankoohi E, Gomez M, Zhao M, Teodorescu M, Isseroff RR, Rolandi M. A pro-reparative bioelectronic device for controlled delivery of ions and biomolecules. Wound Repair Regen 2024. [PMID: 38794912 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process that requires precise control and modulation of many parameters. Therapeutic ion and biomolecule delivery has the capability to regulate the wound healing process beneficially. However, achieving controlled delivery through a compact device with the ability to deliver multiple therapeutic species can be a challenge. Bioelectronic devices have emerged as a promising approach for therapeutic delivery. Here, we present a pro-reparative bioelectronic device designed to deliver ions and biomolecules for wound healing applications. The device incorporates ion pumps for the targeted delivery of H+ and zolmitriptan to the wound site. In vivo studies using a mouse model further validated the device's potential for modulating the wound environment via H+ delivery that decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratios. Overall, this bioelectronic ion pump demonstrates potential for accelerating wound healing via targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to wounds. Continued optimization and development of this device could not only lead to significant advancements in tissue repair and wound healing strategies but also reveal new physiological information about the dynamic wound environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Asefifeyzabadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Prabhat Baniya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Andrea Medina Lopez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hao-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Kaelan Schorger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Le Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Elana Muzzy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cathleen Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Alexie Barbee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Orozco
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Economics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Moyasar A Alhamo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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2
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Tagore M, Hergenreder E, Perlee SC, Cruz NM, Menocal L, Suresh S, Chan E, Baron M, Melendez S, Dave A, Chatila WK, Nsengimana J, Koche RP, Hollmann TJ, Ideker T, Studer L, Schietinger A, White RM. GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2270-2291. [PMID: 37553760 PMCID: PMC10551668 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenes can initiate tumors only in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAFV600E. GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates specialized cell-cell junctions between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multielectrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte cocultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that GABAergic signaling across the skin microenvironment regulates the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows evidence of GABA-mediated regulation of electrical activity between melanoma cells and keratinocytes, providing a new mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor initiation. This provides insights into the role of the skin microenvironment in early melanomas while identifying GABA as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. See related commentary by Ceol, p. 2128. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Tagore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emiliano Hergenreder
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah C. Perlee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelly M. Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura Menocal
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maayan Baron
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephanie Melendez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Asim Dave
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeremie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis J. Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard M. White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhu T, Yang S, Mauro TM, Man MQ. Association of Epidermal Biophysical Properties with Obesity and Its Implications. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:165-173. [PMID: 37640014 DOI: 10.1159/000533587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a condition defined by an excess amount of body fat, with body mass index (BMI) of 30 and higher. It is associated with a number of other medical conditions, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as dyslipidemia, and it is also associated with several cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, intertriginous dermatitis, acanthosis nigricans and skin infections. SUMMARY Evidence suggests a link between obesity and epidermal dysfunction. Generally, individuals with obesity display higher transepidermal water loss rate and lower stratum corneum hydration levels, although no association of obesity with epidermal dysfunction has been documented. Results of skin surface pH are controversial. But study demonstrated a positive correlation of BMI with skin surface pH on both the forearm and the shin in males, suggesting that the changes in epidermal function vary with gender in individuals with obesity. KEY MESSAGES This review summarizes the association between obesity and epidermal function, and discusses possible underlying mechanisms. Individuals with obesity exhibit poor epidermal permeability barrier and lower stratum corneum hydration levels. Because of the pathogenic role of compromised epidermal function in inflammation, which is also linked to obesity, improvement in epidermal function could benefit individuals with obesity, particularly those with abnormalities in epidermal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, China
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Zayabaatar E, Huang CM, Pham MT, Ganzorig B, Wang SM, Chen CC. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Increases the GABA in Rice Seed for Upregulation of Type I Collagen in the Skin. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:128. [PMID: 36877314 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can be achieved by naturally occurring microorganisms with the advantages of cost-effectiveness and safety. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EH-9 strain (B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9), a soil bacterium, was used to promote the accumulation of GABA in germinated rice seed. Further, the topical application of supernatant from rice seed co-cultivated with soil B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9 can significantly increase the production of type I collagen (COL1) in the dorsal skin of mice. The knocking down of the GABA-A receptor (GABAA) significantly reduced the production of COL1 in the NIH/3T3 cells and in the dorsal skin of mice. This result suggests that topical application of GABA can promote the biosynthesis of COL1 via its interaction with the GABAA receptor in the dorsal skin of mice. In summary, our findings illustrate for the first time that soil B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9 elicits GABA production in germinated rice seed to upregulate the formation of COL1 in the dorsal skin of mice. This study is translational because the result shows a potential remedy for skin aging by stimulating COL1 synthesis using biosynthetic GABA associated with B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhbat Zayabaatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Minh Tan Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Binderiya Ganzorig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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5
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Yamanoi Y, Lei J, Takayama Y, Hosogi S, Marunaka Y, Tominaga M. TRPV3-ANO1 interaction positively regulates wound healing in keratinocytes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:88. [PMID: 36690845 PMCID: PMC9870996 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) belongs to the TRP ion channel super family and functions as a nonselective cation channel that is highly permeable to calcium. This channel is strongly expressed in skin keratinocytes and is involved in warmth sensation, itch, wound healing and secretion of several cytokines. Previous studies showed that anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, was activated by calcium influx through TRPV1, TRPV4 or TRPA1 and that these channel interactions were important for TRP channel-mediated physiological functions. We found that ANO1 was expressed by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). We observed that ANO1 mediated currents upon TRPV3 activation of NHEKs and mouse skin keratinocytes. Using an in vitro wound-healing assay, we observed that either a TRPV3 blocker, an ANO1 blocker or low chloride medium inhibited cell migration and proliferation through p38 phosphorylation, leading to cell cycle arrest. These results indicated that chloride influx through ANO1 activity enhanced wound healing by keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamanoi
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Research Laboratory, Ikedamohando Co., Ltd., 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Jing Lei
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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6
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Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Athar M, Elmets C. Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1757-C1776. [PMID: 36317800 PMCID: PMC9744652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ in the human body and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions are regulated by local neuroendocrine and immune systems with a plethora of signaling molecules produced by resident and immune cells. In addition, neurotransmitters, endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and cytokines released from nerve endings play a central role in the skin's responses to stress. These molecules act on the corresponding receptors in an intra-, juxta-, para-, or autocrine fashion. The epidermis as the outer most component of skin forms a barrier directly protecting against environmental stressors. This protection is assured by an intrinsic keratinocyte differentiation program, pigmentary system, and local nervous, immune, endocrine, and microbiome elements. These constituents communicate cross-functionally among themselves and with corresponding systems in the dermis and hypodermis to secure the basic epidermal functions to maintain local (skin) and global (systemic) homeostasis. The neurohormonal mediators and cytokines used in these communications regulate physiological skin functions separately or in concert. Disturbances in the functions in these systems lead to cutaneous pathology that includes inflammatory (i.e., psoriasis, allergic, or atopic dermatitis, etc.) and keratinocytic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e., seborrheic and solar keratoses), dysfunction of adnexal structure (i.e., hair follicles, eccrine, and sebaceous glands), hypersensitivity reactions, pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and hypo- or hyperpigmentary responses), premature aging, and malignancies (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers). These cellular, molecular, and neural components preserve skin integrity and protect against skin pathologies and can act as "messengers of the skin" to the central organs, all to preserve organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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7
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Xu X, Yu C, Xu L, Xu J. Emerging roles of keratinocytes in nociceptive transduction and regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:982202. [PMID: 36157074 PMCID: PMC9500148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.982202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes are the predominant block-building cells in the epidermis. Emerging evidence has elucidated the roles of keratinocytes in a wide range of pathophysiological processes including cutaneous nociception, pruritus, and inflammation. Intraepidermal free nerve endings are entirely enwrapped within the gutters of keratinocyte cytoplasm and form en passant synaptic-like contacts with keratinocytes. Keratinocytes can detect thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli through transient receptor potential ion channels and other sensory receptors. The activated keratinocytes elicit calcium influx and release ATP, which binds to P2 receptors on free nerve endings and excites sensory neurons. This process is modulated by the endogenous opioid system and endothelin. Keratinocytes also express neurotransmitter receptors of adrenaline, acetylcholine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid, which are involved in regulating the activation and migration, of keratinocytes. Furthermore, keratinocytes serve as both sources and targets of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neuropeptides. The autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms of these mediators create a bidirectional feedback loop that amplifies neuroinflammation and contributes to peripheral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine Yu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
| | - Jijun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States,Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
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8
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Wei K, Guo C, Zhu J, Wei Y, Wu M, Huang X, Zhang M, Li J, Wang X, Wang Y, Wei X. The Whitening, Moisturizing, Anti-aging Activities, and Skincare Evaluation of Selenium-Enriched Mung Bean Fermentation Broth. Front Nutr 2022; 9:837168. [PMID: 35369078 PMCID: PMC8973414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.837168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-enriched mung bean (Se-MB) is a combination of mung bean (MB) and selenium (Se), which have a variety of potential biological activities. However, little is known about the skincare activity of Se-MB. The chemical composition of Se-MB fermentation broth (Se-MBFB) was analyzed to investigate the whitening, moisturizing, and anti-aging activities of Se-MBFB. The tyrosinase inhibition, anti-melanogenic in melanocytes (B16F10 cells), and moisturizing effect in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were analyzed. Besides, the free radical scavenging activity of Se-MBFB was assessed in vitro. To verify the in vivo effects and the potential of practical applications of Se-MBFB, a clinical trial was conducted on the participants: 31 Chinese women aged 25–60 years, with no pigmentation disorder, no illness, no history of hypersensitivity reaction, and no use of skincare product on the face. The participants used an Se-MBFB masque for 15-20 min after cleaning the face. The measurement points were Week 0, 2, and 4 (W0, W2, and W4) after using the masque, and target sites were cheek and canthus. The following parameters were recorded on the target sites at each visit: melanin index, skin color, cuticle moisture content, transepidermal water loss, and crow's feet. The results demonstrated that Se-MBFB was rich in polyphenols, peptides, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), displayed significant free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibiting activities, decreased the synthesis of melanin, and upregulated the aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression. The test of the Se-MBFB mask showed that after 4 weeks of using the Se-MBFB facemask, the faces of the participants became whiter with reduced wrinkles and increased moisture content. Se-MB possessed the excellent whitening, moisturizing, and antioxidant efficacy, which could lay a scientific foundation for utilization and development of skincare products of Se-MB and its related industrial cosmetics products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congyin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangxiong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mu Zhang
- Shanghai Yuemu Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jide Li
- Shanghai Yuemu Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- Enshi Selenium Impression Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Shadi Township, Enshi, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Yuanfeng Wang
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlin Wei
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9
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Krasovec G, Hozumi A, Yoshida T, Obita T, Hamada M, Shiraishi A, Satake H, Horie T, Mori H, Sasakura Y. d-Serine controls epidermal vesicle release via NMDA receptor, allowing tissue migration during the metamorphosis of the chordate Ciona. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3264. [PMID: 35275721 PMCID: PMC8916719 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
d-Serine, a free amino acid synthesized by serine racemase, is a coagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR). d-Serine in the mammalian central nervous system modulates glutamatergic transmission. Functions of d-serine in mammalian peripheral tissues such as skin have also been described. However, d-serine's functions in nonmammals are unclear. Here, we characterized d-serine-dependent vesicle release from the epidermis during metamorphosis of the tunicate Ciona. d-Serine leads to the formation of a pocket that facilitates the arrival of migrating tissue during tail regression. NMDAR is the receptor of d-serine in the formation of the epidermal pocket. The epidermal pocket is formed by the release of epidermal vesicles' content mediated by d-serine/NMDAR. This mechanism is similar to observations of keratinocyte vesicle exocytosis in mammalian skin. Our findings provide a better understanding of the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis in animals and contribute to further evolutionary perspectives of d-amino acid function among metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krasovec
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
- Center for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Akiko Hozumi
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hamada
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Horie
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
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10
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Denda M, Nakanishi S. Do epidermal keratinocytes have sensory and information processing systems? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:459-474. [PMID: 34726302 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It was long considered that the role of epidermal keratinocytes is solely to construct a water-impermeable protective membrane, the stratum corneum, at the uppermost layer of the skin. However, in the last two decades, it has been found that keratinocytes contain multiple sensory systems that detect environmental changes, including mechanical stimuli, sound, visible radiation, electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature and chemical stimuli, and also a variety of receptor molecules associated with olfactory or taste sensation. Moreover, neurotransmitters and their receptors that play crucial roles in the brain are functionally expressed in keratinocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that excitation of keratinocytes can induce sensory perception in the brain. Here, we review the sensory and information processing capabilities of keratinocytes. We discuss the possibility that epidermal keratinocytes might represent the earliest stage in the development of the brain during the evolution of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0011, Japan
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11
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Enkhtaivan E, Lee CH. Role of Amine Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors in Skin Pigmentation: Therapeutic Implication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158071. [PMID: 34360837 PMCID: PMC8348573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation can occur due to increased melanin, including melanocyte proliferation, melanin biosynthesis, or melanocyte migration. There are many factors that influence the melanin production process, but the role of neurotransmitters in this process is still unclear. We found that histamine and serotonin influence the different stages of melanogenesis and melanogenesis, which increase melanogenesis. Since then, several related papers have been published, and from these papers, it has been recognised that the role of neurotransmitters in skin-pigment-related diseases needs to be summarised. By introducing the role of neurotransmitters in the regulation of various pigment disorders, including vitiligo and melasma, through this review, many researchers can be expected to try to apply neurotransmitter-related agonists and antagonists as treatments for skin pigment disorders.
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12
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Topical Treatments and Their Molecular/Cellular Mechanisms in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Pain-Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040450. [PMID: 33810493 PMCID: PMC8067282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain in humans results from an injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system at the peripheral or central level. Despite the considerable progress in pain management methods made to date, peripheral neuropathic pain significantly impacts patients' quality of life, as pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods often fail or induce side effects. Topical treatments are gaining popularity in the management of peripheral neuropathic pain, due to excellent safety profiles and preferences. Moreover, topical treatments applied locally may target the underlying mechanisms of peripheral sensitization and pain. Recent studies showed that peripheral sensitization results from interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, with numerous signaling molecules and molecular/cellular targets involved. This narrative review discusses the molecular/cellular mechanisms of drugs available in topical formulations utilized in clinical practice and their effectiveness in clinical studies in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. We searched PubMed for papers published from 1 January 1995 to 30 November 2020. The key search phrases for identifying potentially relevant articles were "topical AND pain", "topical AND neuropathic", "topical AND treatment", "topical AND mechanism", "peripheral neuropathic", and "mechanism". The result of our search was 23 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 9 open-label studies, 16 retrospective studies, 20 case (series) reports, 8 systematic reviews, 66 narrative reviews, and 140 experimental studies. The data from preclinical studies revealed that active compounds of topical treatments exert multiple mechanisms of action, directly or indirectly modulating ion channels, receptors, proteins, and enzymes expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and thus contributing to antinociception. However, which mechanisms and the extent to which the mechanisms contribute to pain relief observed in humans remain unclear. The evidence from RCTs and reviews supports 5% lidocaine patches, 8% capsaicin patches, and botulinum toxin A injections as effective treatments in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. In turn, single RCTs support evidence of doxepin, funapide, diclofenac, baclofen, clonidine, loperamide, and cannabidiol in neuropathic pain states. Topical administration of phenytoin, ambroxol, and prazosin is supported by observational clinical studies. For topical amitriptyline, menthol, and gabapentin, evidence comes from case reports and case series. For topical ketamine and baclofen, data supporting their effectiveness are provided by both single RCTs and case series. The discussed data from clinical studies and observations support the usefulness of topical treatments in neuropathic pain management. This review may help clinicians in making decisions regarding whether and which topical treatment may be a beneficial option, particularly in frail patients not tolerating systemic pharmacotherapy.
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Denda M, Umino Y, Kumazawa N, Nakata S. Can simple physicochemical studies predict the effects of molecules on epidermal water‐impermeable barrier function? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:393-399. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Umino
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kumazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering College of Engineering Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima Japan
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14
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Evdokimov D, Kreß L, Dinkel P, Frank J, Sommer C, Üçeyler N. Pain-associated Mediators and Axon Pathfinders in Fibromyalgia Skin Cells. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:140-148. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate whether the expression of cytokine, nociception-associated ion channel, and axon guidance genes in patients with skin cell fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) differs from healthy controls, potentially contributing to pain and small-fiber degeneration in FMS.Methods.We prospectively recruited 128 patients and 26 healthy controls. All study participants underwent neurological examination, and a skin punch biopsy was obtained from the lateral calf and thigh. Skin samples were processed to histologically determine intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and for primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures. Gene expression of selected pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, nociception-associated ion channels, and axon guidance cues was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR.Results.In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor–ß1 (TGF-ß1) gene expression was higher in patients with FMS compared to controls (calf and thigh: p < 0.001). Also, expression was higher in patients than in controls for these variables: hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (calf: p < 0.01), ephrin-A4 (EFNA4; calf: p < 0.05, thigh: p < 0.001), and ephrin receptor-A4 (EPHA4; thigh: p < 0.05). In keratinocytes, interleukin 10 gene expression was higher in patients with FMS than in controls (thigh: p < 0.05). While no intergroup difference was found for nociception-associated ion channels, EFNA4 and EPHA4 (calf: p < 0.01 each) expression was higher in patients with FMS than in controls. Axon guide expression did not correlate with IENFD.Conclusion.In FMS, skin cells may contribute to cutaneous nociception by differentially expressing membrane-bound and soluble pain mediators and axon pathfinders.
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Moehring F, Waas M, Keppel TR, Rathore D, Cowie AM, Stucky CL, Gundry RL. Quantitative Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Identifies Proteoforms Differentially Released during Mechanical Stimulation of Mouse Skin. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2635-2648. [PMID: 29925238 PMCID: PMC6195672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the processes whereby mechanical stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals that allow for the sensation of our surrounding environment through touch. Despite its fundamental role in our daily lives, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mechanotransduction are not yet well-defined. Previous data suggest that keratinocytes may release factors that activate or modulate cutaneous sensory neuron terminals, including small molecules, lipids, peptides, proteins, and oligosaccharides. This study presents a first step toward identifying soluble mediators of keratinocyte-sensory neuron communication by evaluating the potential for top-down mass spectrometry to identify proteoforms released during 1 min of mechanical stimulation of mouse skin from naı̈ve animals. Overall, this study identified 47 proteoforms in the secretome of mouse hind paw skin, of which 14 were differentially released during mechanical stimulation, and includes proteins with known and previously unknown relevance to mechanotransduction. Finally, this study outlines a bioinformatic workflow that merges output from two complementary analysis platforms for top-down data and demonstrates the utility of this workflow for integrating quantitative and qualitative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Theodore R. Keppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Deepali Rathore
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ashley M. Cowie
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Manczinger M, Bodnár VÁ, Papp BT, Bolla SB, Szabó K, Balázs B, Csányi E, Szél E, Erős G, Kemény L. Drug Repurposing by Simulating Flow Through Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017. [PMID: 28643328 PMCID: PMC5836852 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As drug development is extremely expensive, the identification of novel indications for in‐market drugs is financially attractive. Multiple algorithms are used to support such drug repurposing, but highly reliable methods combining simulation of intracellular networks and machine learning are currently not available. We developed an algorithm that simulates drug effects on the flow of information through protein–protein interaction networks, and used support vector machine to identify potentially effective drugs in our model disease, psoriasis. Using this method, we screened about 1,500 marketed and investigational substances, identified 51 drugs that were potentially effective, and selected three of them for experimental confirmation. All drugs inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced nuclear factor kappa B activity in vitro, suggesting they might be effective for treating psoriasis in humans. Additionally, these drugs significantly inhibited imiquimod‐induced ear thickening and inflammation in the mouse model of the disease. All results suggest high prediction performance for the algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manczinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - V Á Bodnár
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - B T Papp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary.,Szeged Scientists Academy, Hungary
| | - S B Bolla
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Szabó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Balázs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Csányi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Szél
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Erős
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Hungary
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Silva VDO, Pereira LJ, Murata RM. Oral microbe-host interactions: influence of β-glucans on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and metabolome profile. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:53. [PMID: 28270109 PMCID: PMC5341410 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-glucan on the expression of inflammatory mediators and metabolomic profile of oral cells [keratinocytes (OBA-9) and fibroblasts (HGF-1) in a dual-chamber model] infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The periodontopathogen was applied and allowed to cross the top layer of cells (OBA-9) to reach the bottom layer of cells (HGF-1) and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. β-glucan (10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL) were added, and the transcriptional factors and metabolites produced were quantified in the remaining cell layers and supernatant. Results The relative expression of interleukin (IL)-1-α and IL-18 genes in HGF-1 decreased with 10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL of β-glucan, where as the expression of PTGS-2 decreased only with 10 μg/mL. The expression of IL-1-α increased with 20 μg/mL and that of IL-18 increased with 10 μg/mL in OBA-9; the expression of BCL 2, EP 300, and PTGS-2 decreased with the higher dose of β-glucan. The production of the metabolite 4-aminobutyric acid presented lower concentrations under 20 μg/mL, whereas the concentrations of 2-deoxytetronic acid NIST and oxalic acid decreased at both concentrations used. Acetophenone, benzoic acid, and pinitol presented reduced concentrations only when treated with 10 μg/mL of β-glucan. Conclusions Treatment with β-glucans positively modulated the immune response and production of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviam de Oliveira Silva
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology Area, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences, Physiology Area, Federal University of Lavras,Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- School of Dental Medicine, Department Foundational Sciences, East Carolina University, 1851 MacGregor Downs Road, Greeville, NC, 27834-4354, USA. .,Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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18
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Carter C. The barrier, airway particle clearance, placental and detoxification functions of autism susceptibility genes. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Skin Absorption of Anions: Part One. Methodology for In Vitro Cutaneous Absorption Measurements. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1564-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Paweloszek R, Briançon S, Chevalier Y, Gilon-Delepine N, Pelletier J, Bolzinger MA. Skin Absorption of Anions: Part Two. Skin Absorption of Halide Ions. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1576-86. [PMID: 27001272 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to sort skin penetration of anions with respect to their properties and to assess their mechanisms of penetration. METHODS Aqueous solutions of halides at two concentrations were prepared and quantitative penetration studies were carried out for 24 h using Franz diffusion cells. The iodide permeation was also measured after blocking of anion channels and transporters to investigate the role of this specific transport. RESULTS Absorption of halide ions into skin revealed large differences of transport between these anions according to the Hofmeister series. Increasing steady-state fluxes and lag times in the order F(-) < Cl(-) < Br(-) < I(-) were observed in permeation experiments. The steady-state fluxes were proportional to the concentration for each halide ion. Longer lag times for iodide or bromide ions were explained by the ability of such sticky chaotropic anions to interact with apolar lipids especially in the stratum corneum. Inhibiting ion exchangers and channels decreased the flux of iodide ions by 75%, showing the high contribution of the facilitated transport over the passive pathway. CONCLUSION Ions transport had contributions coming from passive diffusion through the skin layers and transport mediated by ion channels and binding to ion transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Paweloszek
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Gilon-Delepine
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5280, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jocelyne Pelletier
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Denda M, Denda S, Tsutsumi M, Goto M, Kumamoto J, Nakatani M, Takei K, Kitahata H, Nakata S, Sawabu Y, Kobayashi Y, Nagayama M. Frontiers in epidermal barrier homeostasis--an approach to mathematical modelling of epidermal calcium dynamics. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:79-82. [PMID: 24330223 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intact epidermal barrier function is crucial for survival and is associated with the presence of gradients of both calcium ion concentration and electric potential. Although many molecules, including ion channels and pumps, are known to contribute to maintenance of these gradients, the mechanisms involved in epidermal calcium ion dynamics have not been clarified. We have established that a variety of neurotransmitters and their receptors, originally found in the brain, are expressed in keratinocytes and are also associated with barrier homeostasis. Moreover, keratinocytes and neurons show some similarities of electrochemical behaviour. As mathematical modelling and computer simulation have been employed to understand electrochemical phenomena in brain science, we considered that a similar approach might be applicable to describe the dynamics of epidermal electrochemical phenomena associated with barrier homeostasis. Such methodology would also be potentially useful to address a number of difficult problems in clinical dermatology, such as ageing and itching. Although this work is at a very early stage, in this essay, we discuss the background to our approach and we present some preliminary results of simulation of barrier recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan; Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Kook MC, Cho SC. Production of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2013. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
A major function of the skin is to provide a barrier to the movement of water and electrolytes, which is required for life in a terrestrial environment. This permeability barrier is localized to the stratum corneum and is mediated by extracellular lipid-enriched lamellar membranes, which are delivered to the extracellular spaces by the secretion of lamellar bodies by stratum granulosum cells. A large number of factors have been shown to regulate the formation of this permeability barrier. Specifically, lamellar body secretion and permeability barrier formation are accelerated by decreases in the calcium content in the stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis. In addition, increased expression of cytokines and growth factors and the activation of nuclear hormone receptors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, vitamin D receptor) accelerate permeability barrier formation. In contrast, nitric oxide, protease-activated receptor 2 activation, glucocorticoids, and testosterone inhibit permeability barrier formation. The ability of a variety of factors to regulate permeability barrier formation allows for a more precise and nuanced regulation.
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Schulten R, Novak B, Schmitz B, Lübbert H. Comparison of the uptake of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester in keratinocytes and skin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:969-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
During embryonic development, the skin, the largest organ of the human body, and nervous system are both derived from the neuroectoderm. Consequently, several key factors and mechanisms that influence and control central or peripheral nervous system activities are also present and hence involved in various regulatory mechanisms of the skin. Apparently, this is the case for the ion and non-ion selective channels as well. Therefore, in this review, we shall focus on delineating the regulatory roles of the channels in skin physiology and pathophysiology. First, we introduce key cutaneous functions and major characteristics of the channels in question. Then, we systematically detail the involvement of a multitude of channels in such skin processes (e.g. skin barrier formation, maintenance, and repair, immune mechanisms, exocrine secretion) which are mostly defined by cutaneous non-neuronal cell populations. Finally, we close by summarizing data suggesting that selected channels are also involved in skin diseases such as e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, non-melanoma cancers and malignant melanoma, genetic and autoimmune diseases, etc., as well as in skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- DE-MTA Lendület Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Roles of transient receptor potential proteins (TRPs) in epidermal keratinocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:847-60. [PMID: 21290330 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes are the epithelial cells of mammalian skin. At the basal layer of the epidermis, these cells proliferate strongly, and as they move towards the skin surface, differentiation proceeds. At the uppermost layer of the epidermis, keratinocytes undergo apoptosis and die, forming a thin, water-impermeable layer called the stratum corneum. Peripheral blood vessels do not reach the epidermis, but peripheral nerve fibers do penetrate into it. Until recently, it was considered that the main role of epidermal keratinocytes was to construct and maintain the water-impermeable barrier function. However, since the functional existence of TRPV1, which is activated by heat and low pH, in epidermal keratinocytes was identified, our understanding of the role of keratinocytes has changed enormously. It has been found that many TRP channels are expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, and play important roles in differentiation, proliferation and barrier homeostasis. Moreover, because TRP channels expressed in keratinocytes have the ability to sense a variety of environmental factors, such as temperature, mechanical stress, osmotic stress and chemical stimuli, epidermal keratinocytes might form a key part of the sensory system of the skin. The present review deals with the potential roles of TRP channels expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and focuses on the concept of the epidermis as an active interface between the body and the environment.
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Nigam R, El-Nour H, Amatya B, Nordlind K. GABA and GABA(A) receptor expression on immune cells in psoriasis: a pathophysiological role. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 302:507-15. [PMID: 20455067 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which pruritus is a common symptom. Pruritus may be associated with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. The distribution of GABA and its GABA(A) receptor (R) was studied in involved and non-involved psoriatic skin, as well as normal healthy control skin, using an immunohistochemistry technique. Pruritus was determined using a visual analog scale. Inflammatory cells immunoreactive for the GABA ligand and the GABA(A) R were increased (P < 0.01, respectively) in the involved skin. Cells stained for GABA ligand were mostly macrophages with some lymphocytes, while cells stained for GABA(A) R were macrophages, neutrophils or lymphocytes. There was a positive correlation when comparing GABA ligand (P = 0.05) and GABA(A) R (P < 0.05) expressing inflammatory cells, with pruritus. The GABA ligand and its GABA(A) R may play a role for the pathogenesis of psoriasis as well as for pruritus in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Nigam
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Denda M. Methodology to improve epidermal barrier homeostasis: How to accelerate the barrier recovery? Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31:79-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Denda M, Tsutsumi M, Inoue K, Crumrine D, Feingold KR, Elias PM. Potassium channel openers accelerate epidermal barrier recovery. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:888-93. [PMID: 17916210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of a competent permeability barrier in the face of external and internal stressors requires signals between the stratum corneum interface and the metabolic machinery in the underlying nucleated layers. For example, reductions in the ion gradients for Ca2+ after acute barrier disruption stimulate lamellar body (LB) secretion, a response required to restore barrier homeostasis. Although alterations in external K+ levels also regulate barrier recovery after acute insults, the mechanisms whereby K+ regulates barrier function remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of regulators of K+ channels on barrier homeostasis in hairless mice. METHODS We tested a number of chemically different drugs that alter intracellular K+ levels. Results Single applications of either K+ channel openers (i.e. 1-EBIO, minoxidil, diazoxide) or the K+ ionophore, valinomycin, accelerated barrier recovery after acute insults to murine skin, paralleled by a reduction in intracellular K+ levels in cultured human keratinocytes. In contrast, applications of K+ channel blockers (i.e. gilbenclamide, dequalinium) delayed barrier recovery. Alterations in intracellular K+ regulated barrier homeostasis by either stimulating (reduced K+) or inhibiting (elevated K+) LB secretion. Finally, development of epidermal hyperplasia, a downstream consequence of barrier disruption, was also inhibited by agents that reduce intracellular K+ levels. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that changes in K+ levels that can be presumed to occur after barrier disruption signal metabolic responses, i.e. LB secretion, which accelerates normalization of barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denda
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-12-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8643, Japan.
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Abstract
We previously demonstrated that calcium propagation plays a crucial role in epidermal homeostasis when the epidermis was exposed to a dry environment. In the present study, we first demonstrated the intracellular calcium oscillation in cultured human skin keratinocytes. On partial exposure of cultured human keratinocytes to air, a transient increase of intracellular calcium concentration appeared, followed by a wave-like increase in the unexposed keratinocytes, showing oscillations with a frequency that varied from cell to cell. There appeared to be no correlation between the oscillation frequencies in adjacent cells. The increase of calcium concentration did not appear when calcium was removed from the medium or when suramin, a purinergic receptor antagonist, was added. The ATP concentration also increased immediately after keratinocytes were exposed to air. We hypothesize that ATP is secreted from keratinocytes on exposure to air, and induces an increase of intracellular calcium concentration.
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Denda M, Nakatani M, Ikeyama K, Tsutsumi M, Denda S. Epidermal keratinocytes as the forefront of the sensory system. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:157-61. [PMID: 17286806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Various sensors that respond to physical or chemical environmental factors have been identified in the peripheral nervous system. Some of them, which respond to mechanical stress, osmotic pressure, temperature and chemical stimuli (such as pH), are also expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. Neurotransmitters and their receptors, as well as receptors that regulate the neuroendocrine system of the skin, are also present in keratinocytes. Thus, broadly speaking, epidermal keratinocytes appear to be equipped with sensing systems similar to those of the peripheral and central nervous systems. It had long been considered that only nerve C-terminals in the epidermis play a role in skin surface perception. However, building on earlier work on skin receptors and new findings introduced here, we present in this review a novel hypothesis of skin sensory perception, i.e. first, keratinocytes recognize various environmental factors, and then the information is processed and conveyed to the nervous system.
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Ito K, Tanaka K, Nishibe Y, Hasegawa J, Ueno H. GABA-synthesizing enzyme, GAD67, from dermal fibroblasts: evidence for a new skin function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1770:291-6. [PMID: 17113713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, from glutamate. An expression of GAD protein has been reported for brain and pancreas, but not for skin. In this study, we present evidence that GAD67 mRNA and protein are expressed in mouse skin and in human dermal fibroblasts. The expression of GAD67 gene is weaker in aged mouse than the young one. To further explore the function of GAD in skin, we have examined a potential role(s) of GABA in human dermal fibroblasts. We have observed that GABA stimulates the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and enhances the survival rate of the dermal fibroblasts when fibroblasts are exposed to H(2)O(2) an oxidative stress agent. Also observed were lowering the levels of HA and collagen in the embryonic skin from GAD67 deficient mouse as compared to those from the wild-type (WT) mouse. In this study, we have presented the evidences that GAD67 is localized in the dermis and is potentially involved in variety of skin activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ito
- Research and Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu, Gifu 501-0475, Japan.
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Abstract
Skin, as the outermost organ in the human body, continuously confronts the external environment and serves as a primary defense system. The protective functions of skin include UV-protection, anti-oxidant and antimicrobial functions. In addition to these protections, skin also acts as a sensory organ and the primary regulator of body temperature. Within these important functions, the epidermal permeability barrier, which controls the transcutaneous movement of water and other electrolytes, is probably the most important. This permeability barrier resides in the stratum corneum, a resilient layer composed of corneocytes and stratum corneum intercellular lipids. Since the first realization of the structural and biochemical diversities involved in the stratum corneum, a tremendous amount of work has been performed to elucidate its roles and functions in the skin, and in humans in general. The perturbation of the epidermal permeability barrier, previously speculated to be just a symptom involved in skin diseases, is currently considered to be a primary pathophysiologic factor for many skin diseases. In addition, much of the evidence provides support for the idea that various protective functions in the skin are closely related or even co-regulated. In this review, the recent achievements of skin researchers focusing on the functions of the epidermal permeability barrier and their importance in skin disease, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea.
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Fuziwara S, Suzuki A, Inoue K, Denda M. Dopamine D2-like receptor agonists accelerate barrier repair and inhibit the epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125:783-9. [PMID: 16185279 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two families of G protein-coupled receptors of the neurotransmitter dopamine, i.e., dopamine 1-like family (D1-like receptor) and dopamine 2-like family (D2-like receptor), show dopaminergic activity in nerve cells. The D2-like receptor family, composed of D2, D3, and D4 receptors, downregulates the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway, and dopamine receptor agonists reduce the cAMP level in neurons. We previously demonstrated that the cAMP level in epidermal keratinocytes is related to epidermal barrier homeostasis. Since keratinocytes are known to carry various neurotransmitter receptors, we hypothesized that D2-like receptors on keratinocytes might be related to skin barrier homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effect of topical application of receptor agonists and antagonists on skin barrier recovery after barrier disruption. Application of D2-like receptor agonists accelerated barrier recovery, whereas D2-like receptor antagonists delayed it. D2-like receptor agonists also reduced the epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption under low environmental humidity. Immunohistochemical study and RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of the D2 receptor in the basal epidermis and the D4 receptor in the uppermost layer of the epidermis. These results suggest that dopaminergic receptors are involved in epidermal barrier homeostasis.
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Denda M, Fuziwara S, Inoue K. Influx of calcium and chloride ions into epidermal keratinocytes regulates exocytosis of epidermal lamellar bodies and skin permeability barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:362-7. [PMID: 12880429 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, influx of calcium and chloride ions into neurons regulates the signaling system by excitation and inhibition, respectively. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of the ion influx into epidermal keratinocytes in the permeability barrier repair process of the skin after damage. Topical application of the neurotransmitters glutamate and nicotine, which activate the calcium channel in neurons, delayed the barrier repair after tape stripping. In contrast, the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine, which activate the chloride channel in neurons, accelerated barrier repair. Topical application of the calcium ionophore ionomycin delayed barrier recovery and chloride ionophore 1 accelerated barrier repair after barrier disruption by tape stripping and acetone treatment. Ionomycin increased the intracellular calcium concentration in cultured keratinocytes whereas the chloride ionophore 1 increased the intracellular chloride ion concentration. In vivo light microscopy and electron microscopy observation showed acceleration of the exocytosis of lipid-containing lamellar bodies by the chloride ionophore and delay of the exocytosis by the calcium ionophore. These results suggest that, like the nervous system, influx of calcium and chloride ions into epidermal keratinocytes through ionotropic receptors plays a crucial role in cutaneous barrier homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Shiseido Research Center, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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Denda M, Fuziwara S, Inoue K. Beta2-adrenergic receptor antagonist accelerates skin barrier recovery and reduces epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:142-8. [PMID: 12839574 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effects of topical application of adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists on epidermal barrier repair rate after barrier disruption were studied. Agonists and antagonists of beta1-adrenergic receptor did not affect the barrier repair rate. On the other hand, beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists, procaterol and alprenol, delayed barrier recovery and the beta2 receptor antagonist, ICI-118551, blocked the delay. Moreover, topical application of ICI-118551 or beta1,2 receptor antagonist, clenbuterol alone accelerated barrier recovery. Antagonists of alpha1 and alpha2 receptors did not affect barrier recovery. The delay of barrier repair induced by prodaterol hydrochloride was blocked by a voltage-gated calcium channel blocker, verapamil or nifedipine. In cultured human keratinocytes, procaterol increased the intracellular calcium concentration and the increase was blocked by ICI-118551 and also by verapamil or nifedipine. Topical application of ICI-118551 partially blocked the epidermal hyperplasia induced by acetone treatment under low environmental humidity. These results suggest that the beta2-adrenergic receptor is specifically associated with skin barrier homeostasis.
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Fuziwara S, Inoue K, Denda M. NMDA-type glutamate receptor is associated with cutaneous barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:1023-9. [PMID: 12787130 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate receptors play an important role in the excitatory synaptic action of the central nervous system. In this study, effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on skin barrier homeostasis were studied using hairless mouse. Topical application of L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid (non-specific glutamate receptor agonists) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, NMDA type receptor agonist) delayed the barrier recovery rate after barrier disruption with tape stripping. On the other hand, topical application of D-glutamic acid (non-specific antagonist of glutamate receptor), MK 801 and D-AP5, (NMDA-type receptor antagonists) accelerated the barrier repair. The non-NMDA type receptor agonist, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), did not affect the barrier recovery. Topical application of MK-801 also promoted the healing of epidermal hyperplasia induced by acetone treatment under low environmental humidity. Immediately after barrier disruption on skin organ culture, secretion of glutamic acid from skin was significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymearse chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization showed an expression of NMDA-type receptor-like protein on hairless mouse epidermis. NMDA increased intercellular calcium in cultured human keratinocytes and the increase was blocked by MK 801. These results suggest that glutamate plays an important role as a signal of cutaneous barrier homeostasis and epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption.
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