1
|
Choi S, Yang S, Kim JW, Kwon K, Oh SW, Yu E, Han SB, Kang SH, Lee JH, Ha H, Yoo JK, Kim SY, Kim YS, Cho JY, Lee J. Anti-pollutant effect of oleic acid against urban particulate matter is mediated via regulation of AhR- and TRPV1-mediated signaling in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3500-3511. [PMID: 38456238 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Urban Particulate Matter (UPM) induces skin aging and inflammatory responses by regulating skin cells through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Although oleic acid, an unsaturated free fatty acid (FFA), has some functional activities, its effect on UPM-induced skin damage has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated signaling pathways on how oleic acid is involved in attenuating UPM induced cell damage. UPM treatment increased XRE-promoter luciferase activity and increased translocation of AhR to the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of CYP1A1 gene. However, oleic acid treatment attenuated the UPM effects on AhR signaling. Furthermore, while UPM induced activation of TRPV1 and MAPKs signaling which activated the downstream molecules NFκB and AP-1, these effects were reduced by cotreatment with oleic acid. UPM-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of cellular proliferation were also attenuated by the treatment of oleic acid. These data reveal that cell damage induced by UPM treatment occurs through AhR signaling and TRPV1 activation which in turn activates ERK and JNK, ultimately inducing NFκB and AP-1 activation. These effects were reduced by the cotreatment of oleic acid on HaCaT cells. These suggest that oleic acid reduces UPM-induced cell damage through inhibiting both the AhR signaling and activation of TRPV1 and its downstream molecules, leading to a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine and recovery of cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Seyoung Yang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Kim
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Su Bin Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Heejun Ha
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyun Yoo
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bastos CM, Rocha F, Patinha C, Marinho-Reis P. Characterization of percutaneous absorption of calcium, magnesium, and potentially toxic elements in two tailored sulfurous therapeutic peloids: a comprehensive in vitro pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1061-1072. [PMID: 38427095 PMCID: PMC11108904 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pelotherapy treatments in thermal spas, which utilize peloids composed of clay minerals mixed with saltwater or mineral-medicinal water, can have various effects on spa users, ranging from therapeutic to potential adverse reactions. Despite the widespread use of peloids, comprehensive information on the penetration and permeation of essential and potentially toxic elements into deeper layers of the skin during pelotherapy is limited. Understanding the concentrations of these elements is crucial for evaluating therapeutic benefits and ensuring safety. This study investigates the in vitro availability and absorption of calcium, magnesium, and potentially toxic elements in two peloids, considering their formulation matrix. To replicate the pelotherapy methodology, an in vitro permeation experiment was conducted using a vertical diffusion chamber (Franz cells) and a biological system with human skin membranes from five Caucasian women, age range between 25 and 51 years. The experiment involved heating the peloids to 45℃. The results emphasize the possible transport properties of chemical elements in peloids, providing valuable information related to potential therapeutic efficacy and safety considerations. Despite no apparent differences between peloids' chemical composition, the method identified permeation variations among chemical elements. The methodology employed in this study adheres to the guidelines outlined by OECD for analyzing skin absorption through an in vitro approach. Furthermore, it aligns with the associated OECD guidance document for conducting skin absorption studies. The replicability of this methodology not only facilitates the analysis of peloids pre-formulation but also provides a robust means to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic elements during topical administration, particularly those with potential toxicity concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marina Bastos
- Department of Geosciences, GeoBioTec Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
- Exatronic, Aveiro, Lda. 3800-373, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Rocha
- Department of Geosciences, GeoBioTec Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences, GeoBioTec Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paula Marinho-Reis
- Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), Pole of the University of Minho, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavallo A, Camera E, Bottillo G, Maiellaro M, Truglio M, Marini F, Chavagnac-Bonneville M, Fauger A, Perrier E, Pigliacelli F, Picardo M, Cristaudo A, Mariano M. Biosignatures of defective sebaceous gland activity in sebum-rich and sebum-poor skin areas in adult atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15066. [PMID: 38532571 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a composite disease presenting disruption of the skin permeability barrier (SPB) in the stratum corneum (SC). Recent evidence supports derangement of the sebaceous gland (SG) activity in the AD pathomechanisms. The objective of this study was to delineate profiles of both sebaceous and epidermal lipids and of aminoacids from SG-rich (SGR) and SG-poor (SGP) areas in AD. Both sebum and SC were sampled from SGR areas, while SC was sampled also from SGP areas in 54 adult patients with AD, consisting of 34 and 20 subjects, respectively with and without clinical involvement of face, and in 44 age and sex-matched controls. Skin biophysics were assessed in all sampling sites. Disruption of the SBP was found to be associated with dysregulated lipidome. Abundance of sapienate and lignocerate, representing, respectively, sebum and the SC type lipids, were decreased in sebum and SC from both SGR and SGP areas. Analogously, squalene was significantly diminished in AD, regardless the site. Extent of lipid derangement in SGR areas was correlated with the AD severity. The abundance of aminoacids in the SC from SGR areas was altered more than that determined in SGP areas. Several gender-related differences were found in both controls and AD subgroups. In conclusion, the SG activity was differently compromised in adult females and males with AD, in both SGR and SGP areas. In AD, alterations in the aminoacidome profiles were apparent in the SGR areas. Lipid signatures in association with aminoacidome and skin physical properties may serve the definition of phenotype clusters that associate with AD severity and gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cavallo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Bottillo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Maiellaro
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, 'La Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marlène Chavagnac-Bonneville
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Ecobiology Company (Bioderma- Institute Esthederm - Etat Pur), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Aurélie Fauger
- Research and Development Department, NAOS Ecobiology Company (Bioderma- Institute Esthederm - Etat Pur), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Eric Perrier
- NAOS, Institute of Life Science, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Department of Dermatological Clinic and Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pigliacelli
- Department of Dermatological Clinic and Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- Department of Dermatological Clinic and Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mariano
- Department of Dermatological Clinic and Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim J, Jung E, Yang W, Kim CK, Durnaoglu S, Oh IR, Kim CW, Sinskey AJ, Mihm MC, Lee JH. A Novel Multi-Component Formulation Reduces Inflammation In Vitro and Clinically Lessens the Symptoms of Chronic Eczematous Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12979. [PMID: 37629159 PMCID: PMC10454735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term treatments for inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis or eczema can cause adverse effects. Super Protein Multifunction (SPM) was investigated as a potential treatment for managing skin inflammation by monitoring the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced using LPS and poly(I:C)/TNFα in HaCaT keratinocytes and Hs27 fibroblasts as measured via RT-PCR. SPM solution was also assessed for its effect on cytokine release, measured using ELISA, in a UVB-irradiated 3D human skin model. To evaluate the efficiency of SPM, 20 patients with mild eczematous skin were randomized to receive SPM or vehicle twice a day for three weeks in a double-blind controlled trial. In vitro studies showed SPM inhibited inflammation-induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, IL-1α, TSLP, and TNFα expression or release. In the clinical study, the SPM group showed significant improvements in the IGA, PA, and DLQI scores compared to the vehicle group. Neither group showed significant differences in VAS (pruritus). Histological analysis showed reduced stratum corneum thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results suggest that SPM may reduce inflammation in individuals with chronic eczematous skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoong Jung
- Biocoz Global Korea, R & D Center, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (W.Y.); (C.-K.K.); (S.D.); (I.-R.O.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Wonmi Yang
- Biocoz Global Korea, R & D Center, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (W.Y.); (C.-K.K.); (S.D.); (I.-R.O.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chun-Kang Kim
- Biocoz Global Korea, R & D Center, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (W.Y.); (C.-K.K.); (S.D.); (I.-R.O.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Serpen Durnaoglu
- Biocoz Global Korea, R & D Center, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (W.Y.); (C.-K.K.); (S.D.); (I.-R.O.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - In-Rok Oh
- Biocoz Global Korea, R & D Center, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (W.Y.); (C.-K.K.); (S.D.); (I.-R.O.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- Biocoz Global Korea, R & D Center, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (W.Y.); (C.-K.K.); (S.D.); (I.-R.O.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Anthony J. Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martin C. Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Biological Role of Dead Sea Water in Skin Health: A Review. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Applying natural mineral water to skin care is a popular tendency and many cosmetics products based on thermal spring water have been developed. The special location and environmental conditions provide Dead Sea water (DSW) with unique ion composition and concentrations, which bring comprehensive positive effects on skin health. This article reviews two potential action modes of DSW, and the biological function of DSW and its related complex in dermatology and skin care. Previous studies have proved the functions of skin moisturization, anti-inflammation, skin barrier repair, and anti-pollution. Especially, the anti-aging effect of DSW and related complexes can act in three different ways: keratinocyte rejuvenation, photo-protection, and cellular energy elevation. Additionally, the issues that need further investigation are also discussed. We hope that this review will help to improve the understanding of DSW and its related complex, and further contribute to product development in the skincare industry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Z, Li M, Lan T, Wang Y, Zhou X, Dong W, Cheng G, Li W, Cheng L. Effects of ambient temperature on atopic dermatitis and attributable health burden: a 6-year time-series study in Chengdu, China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15209. [PMID: 37123004 PMCID: PMC10135404 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing public concerns about the widespread health effects of climate change, the impacts of ambient temperature on atopic dermatitis (AD) remain poorly understood. Objectives We aimed to explore the effect of ambient temperature on AD and to estimate the burdens of AD attributed to extreme temperature. Methods Data on outpatients with AD and climate conditions in Chengdu, China were collected. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was adopted to explore the association between daily mean temperature and AD outpatient visits. Subgroup analysis was used to identify vulnerable populations. Attributable burden was estimated by the epidemiological attributable method. Results We analyzed 10,747 outpatient visits from AD patients at West China Hospital in Chengdu between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Both low (<19.6 °C) and high temperatures (>25.3 °C) were associated with increased AD outpatient visits, with the increase being more pronounced at low temperature, as evidenced by a 160% increase in visits when the temperature dropped below zero from the minimum mortality temperature (22.8 °C). Children and males were the most susceptible populations. Approximately 25.4% of AD outpatient visits were associated with temperatures, causing an excessive 137161.5 US dollars of health care expenditures during this 6-year period. Conclusions Both high and low temperatures, particularly low temperatures, were significantly associated with an increased risk of AD, with children and males showing the strongest associations. Extreme environmental temperature has been identified as one of the major factors promoting the development of AD. However, individual patient-level exposures still needed to be investigated in future studies to confirm the causality between temperature and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Chen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianjiao Lan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Zhou
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martinelli G, Magnavacca A, Fumagalli M, DellʼAgli M, Piazza S, Sangiovanni E. Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:492-506. [PMID: 33851375 DOI: 10.1055/a-1420-5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of Cannabis sativa is currently recognized to ease certain types of chronic pain, reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea, and improve anxiety. Nevertheless, few studies highlighted the therapeutic potential of C. sativa extracts and related phytocannabinoids for a variety of widespread skin disorders including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and pain. This review summarized the current evidence on the effects of phytocannabinoids at the cutaneous level through the collection of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies published on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science until October 2020. Phytocannabinoids have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-acne properties by various mechanisms involving either CB1/2-dependent and independent pathways. Not only classical immune cells, but also several skin-specific actors, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and sebocytes, may represent a target for phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, the most investigated compound, revealed photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the cutaneous level, while the possible impact on cell differentiation, especially in the case of psoriasis, would require further investigation. Animal models and pilot clinical studies supported the application of cannabidiol in inflammatory-based skin diseases. Also, one of the most promising applications of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids is the treatment of seborrheic disorders, especially acne. In conclusion, the incomplete knowledge of the role of the endocannabinoid system in skin disorders emerged as an important limit for pharmacological investigations. Moreover, the limited studies conducted on C. sativa extracts suggested a higher potency than single phytocannabinoids, thus stimulating new research on phytocannabinoid interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario DellʼAgli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wasilewski T, Seweryn A, Pannert D, Kierul K, Domżał-Kędzia M, Hordyjewicz-Baran Z, Łukaszewicz M, Lewińska A. Application of Levan-Rich Digestate Extract in the Production of Safe-to-Use and Functional Natural Body Wash Cosmetics. Molecules 2022; 27:2793. [PMID: 35566142 PMCID: PMC9099796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focused on the evaluation of the possibility of using a levan-rich digestate extract in the production of safe and functional body wash cosmetics. Model shower gels were designed and formulated on the basis of raw materials of natural origin. Prepared prototypes contained various extract concentrations (16.7; 33; 50%). A gel without extract was used as a reference. The samples were evaluated for their safety in use and functionality. The results showed that the use of high-concentration levan-rich digestate extract in a shower gel resulted in a significant reduction in the negative impact on the skin. For example, the zein value decreased by over 50% in relation to the preparation without the extract. An over 40% reduction in the emulsifying capacity of hydrophobic substances was also demonstrated, which reduces skin dryness after the washing process. However, the presence of the extract did not significantly affect the parameters related to functionality. Overall, it was indicated that levan-rich digestate extract can be successfully used as a valuable ingredient in natural cleansing cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasilewski
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Artur Seweryn
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dominika Pannert
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Kinga Kierul
- Research and Development Department, INVENTIONBIO S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.K.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Research and Development Department, INVENTIONBIO S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.K.); (M.D.-K.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (M.Ł.)
| | - Zofia Hordyjewicz-Baran
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetykow 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland;
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (M.Ł.)
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Research and Development Department, INVENTIONBIO S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.K.); (M.D.-K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krasovec G, Hozumi A, Yoshida T, Obita T, Hamada M, Shiraishi A, Satake H, Horie T, Mori H, Sasakura Y. d-Serine controls epidermal vesicle release via NMDA receptor, allowing tissue migration during the metamorphosis of the chordate Ciona. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3264. [PMID: 35275721 PMCID: PMC8916719 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
d-Serine, a free amino acid synthesized by serine racemase, is a coagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR). d-Serine in the mammalian central nervous system modulates glutamatergic transmission. Functions of d-serine in mammalian peripheral tissues such as skin have also been described. However, d-serine's functions in nonmammals are unclear. Here, we characterized d-serine-dependent vesicle release from the epidermis during metamorphosis of the tunicate Ciona. d-Serine leads to the formation of a pocket that facilitates the arrival of migrating tissue during tail regression. NMDAR is the receptor of d-serine in the formation of the epidermal pocket. The epidermal pocket is formed by the release of epidermal vesicles' content mediated by d-serine/NMDAR. This mechanism is similar to observations of keratinocyte vesicle exocytosis in mammalian skin. Our findings provide a better understanding of the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis in animals and contribute to further evolutionary perspectives of d-amino acid function among metazoans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krasovec
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
- Center for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Akiko Hozumi
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hamada
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Horie
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruan SF, Hu Y, Wu WF, Du QQ, Wang ZX, Chen TT, Shen Q, Liu L, Jiang CP, Li H, Yi Y, Shen CY, Zhu HX, Liu Q. Explore the Anti-Acne Mechanism of Licorice Flavonoids Based on Metabonomics and Microbiome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832088. [PMID: 35211023 PMCID: PMC8861462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory dermatoses in dermatological practice and can affect any gender or ethnic group. Although in previous studies, we had found that licorice flavonoids (LCF) play an anti-acne role by inhibiting PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and mitochondrial activity, the mechanism of LCF regulating skin metabolism, serum metabolism and skin microbes is still unclear. Here, we performed a full spectrum analysis of metabolites in the skin and serum using UHPLC-Triple TOF-MS. The results showed that LCF could treat acne by regulating the metabolic balance of amino acids, lipids and fatty acids in serum and skin. Similarly, we performed Illumina Hiseq sequencing of DNA from the skin microbes using 16S ribosomal DNA identification techniques. The results showed that LCF could treat acne by regulating the skin microbes to interfere with acne and make the microecology close to the normal skin state of rats. In summary, this study confirmed the anti-acne mechanism of LCF, namely by regulating metabolic balance and microbial balance. Therefore, this discovery will provide theoretical guidance for the preparation development and clinical application of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fa Ruan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Feng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun-Qun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Xian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Ping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yankui Yi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao J, Ma S, Zhao X, Wen J, Hu D, Zhao X, Shi X, Wang K. Dual-labeled visual tracer system for topical drug delivery by nanoparticle-triggered P-glycoprotein silencing. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Denda M, Nakanishi S. Do epidermal keratinocytes have sensory and information processing systems? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:459-474. [PMID: 34726302 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It was long considered that the role of epidermal keratinocytes is solely to construct a water-impermeable protective membrane, the stratum corneum, at the uppermost layer of the skin. However, in the last two decades, it has been found that keratinocytes contain multiple sensory systems that detect environmental changes, including mechanical stimuli, sound, visible radiation, electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature and chemical stimuli, and also a variety of receptor molecules associated with olfactory or taste sensation. Moreover, neurotransmitters and their receptors that play crucial roles in the brain are functionally expressed in keratinocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that excitation of keratinocytes can induce sensory perception in the brain. Here, we review the sensory and information processing capabilities of keratinocytes. We discuss the possibility that epidermal keratinocytes might represent the earliest stage in the development of the brain during the evolution of vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Breunig S, Wallner V, Kobler K, Wimmer H, Steinbacher P, Streubel MK, Bischof J, Duschl J, Neuhofer C, Gruber W, Aberger F, Breitenbach M, Russe E, Wechselberger G, Duranton A, Richter K, Rinnerthaler M. The life in a gradient: calcium, the lncRNA SPRR2C and mir542/mir196a meet in the epidermis to regulate the aging process. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19127-19144. [PMID: 34339392 PMCID: PMC8386546 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The turnover of the epidermis beginning with the progenitor cells in the basal layer to the fully differentiated corneocytes is tightly regulated by calcium. Calcium more than anything else promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes which implies the need for a calcium gradient with low concentrations in the stratum basale and high concentrations in the stratum granulosum. One of the hallmarks of skin aging is a collapse of this gradient that has a direct impact on the epidermal fitness. The rise of calcium in the stratum basale reduces cell proliferation, whereas the drop of calcium in the stratum granulosum leads to a changed composition of the cornified envelope. We showed that keratinocytes respond to the calcium induced block of cell division by a large increase of the expression of several miRNAs (hsa-mir542-5p, hsa-mir125a, hsa-mir135a-5p, hsa-mir196a-5p, hsa-mir491-5p and hsa-mir552-5p). The pitfall of this rescue mechanism is a dramatic change in gene expression which causes a further impairment of the epidermal barrier. This effect is attenuated by a pseudogene (SPRR2C) that gives rise to a lncRNA. SPRR2C specifically resides in the stratum granulosum/corneum thus acting as a sponge for miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Breunig
- Procomcure Biotech, Breitwies, Thalgau, Austria.,Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Veronika Wallner
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Kobler
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Wimmer
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Steinbacher
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Bischof
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Duschl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Neuhofer
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Gruber
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Breitenbach
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Russe
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Barmherzige Brüder, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gottfried Wechselberger
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Barmherzige Brüder, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang P, Ishikawa M, Doyle A, Nakamura T, He B, Yamada Y. Pannexin 3 regulates skin development via Epiprofin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1779. [PMID: 33469169 PMCID: PMC7815752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 3 (Panx3), a member of the gap junction pannexin family is required for the development of hard tissues including bone, cartilage and teeth. However, the role of Panx3 in skin development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Panx3 regulates skin development by modulating the transcription factor, Epiprofin (Epfn). Panx3-/- mice have impaired skin development and delayed hair follicle regeneration. Loss of Panx3 in knockout mice and suppression by shRNA both elicited a reduction of Epfn expression in the epidermis. In cell culture, Panx3 overexpression promoted HaCaT cell differentiation, cell cycle exit and enhanced Epfn expression. Epfn-/- mice and inhibition of Epfn by siRNA showed no obvious differences of Panx3 expression. Furthermore, Panx3 promotes Akt/NFAT signaling pathway in keratinocyte differentiation by both Panx3 ATP releasing channel and ER Ca2+ channel functions. Our results reveal that Panx3 has a key role factor for the skin development by regulating Epfn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry 4-1, Seiryo chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Andrew Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Bing He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tarnowska M, Briançon S, Resende de Azevedo J, Chevalier Y, Bolzinger MA. Inorganic ions in the skin: Allies or enemies? Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119991. [PMID: 33091552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin constitutes a barrier protecting the organism against physical and chemical factors. Therefore, it is constantly exposed to the xenobiotics, including inorganic ions that are ubiquitous in the environment. Some of them play important roles in homeostasis and regulatory functions of the body, also in the skin, while others can be considered dangerous. Many authors have shown that inorganic ions could penetrate inside the skin and possibly induce local effects. In this review, we give an account of the current knowledge on the effects of skin exposure to inorganic ions. Beneficial effects on skin conditions related to the use of thermal spring waters are discussed together with the application of aluminium in underarm hygiene products and silver salts in treatment of difficult wounds. Finally, the potential consequences of dermal exposure to topical sensitizers and harmful heavy ions including radionuclides are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Tarnowska
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacqueline Resende de Azevedo
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakata S, Yamaguchi Y, Fukuhara K, Hishida M, Kitahata H, Katsumoto Y, Umino Y, Denda M, Kumazawa N. Characteristic responses of a 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine molecular layer to monovalent and divalent metal cations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
He X, Ewing AG. Counteranions in the Stimulation Solution Alter the Dynamics of Exocytosis Consistent with the Hofmeister Series. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12591-12595. [PMID: 32598145 PMCID: PMC7386575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
show that the Hofmeister series of ions can be used to explain
the cellular changes in exocytosis observed by single-cell amperometry
for different counteranions. The formation, expansion, and closing
of the membrane fusion pore during exocytosis was found to be strongly
dependent on the counteranion species in solution. With stimulation
of chaotropic anions (e.g., ClO4–), the
expansion and closing time of the fusion pore are longer, suggesting
chaotropes can extend the duration of exocytosis compared with kosmotropic
anions (e.g., Cl–). At a concentration of 30 mM,
the two parameters (e.g., t1/2 and tfall) that define the duration of exocytosis
vary with the Hofmeister series (Cl– < Br– < NO3– ≤ ClO4– < SCN–). More interestingly,
fewer (e.g., Nfoot/Nevents) and smaller (e.g., Ifoot) prespike events are observed when chaotropes are counterions in
the stimulation solution, and the values can be sorted by the reverse
Hofmeister series (Cl– ≥ Br– > NO3– > ClO4– > SCN–). Based on ion specificity,
an adsorption-repulsion
mechanism, we suggest that the exocytotic Hofmeister series effect
originates from a looser swelling lipid bilayer structure due to the
adsorption and electrostatic repulsion of chaotropes on the hydrophobic
portion of the membrane. Our results provide a chemical link between
the Hofmeister series and the cellular process of neurotransmitter
release via exocytosis and provide a better physical framework to
understand this important phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Denda M, Umino Y, Kumazawa N, Nakata S. Can simple physicochemical studies predict the effects of molecules on epidermal water‐impermeable barrier function? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:393-399. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Umino
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kumazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering College of Engineering Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tarnowska M, Briançon S, Resende de Azevedo J, Chevalier Y, Arquier D, Barratier C, Bolzinger MA. The effect of vehicle on skin absorption of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ from thermal spring water. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:248-258. [PMID: 32027379 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thermal spring waters (TSW) are commonly used as active ingredients in cosmetics. Their biological activities directly depend on the ionic composition of the spring. However, in order to exhibit beneficial properties, the minerals need to reach viable skin layers. The present study addresses the incorporation of marketed TSW in model cosmetic formulations and the impact of the formulation on skin absorption of magnesium and calcium ions that are known to improve skin barrier function. METHODS Marketed TSW was introduced into five formulations. Liposomes were prepared using saturated or unsaturated phospholipids mixed with cholesterol by the thin layer evaporation technique. Emulsions water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water (O/W) or double: water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) were prepared by high-shear mixing. Skin absorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ from those formulations was studied in vitro using static Franz diffusion cells under infinite dose condition and under occlusion of the apparatus. RESULTS Mg2+ and Ca2+ penetrate skin samples from TSW. Encapsulating TSW into double emulsion (TSW/O/W) increased skin absorption of both cations of interest and kept the Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio equal to that of TSW in each skin layer. The dermal absorption of Mg2+ from the double emulsion departs from both single emulsions. Application of liposome suspension improved the skin absorption of Ca2+ while keeping constant that of Mg2+ , leading to unbalanced Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio inside skin. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of TSW are not only due to their action on the skin surface. Their active components, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations, reach viable skin layers in a formulation-dependent manner. The distribution of ions inside skin depends on the type of formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tarnowska
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - S Briançon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - J Resende de Azevedo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Y Chevalier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - D Arquier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - C Barratier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - M-A Bolzinger
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ruan S, Wang Z, Xiang S, Chen H, Shen Q, Liu L, Wu W, Cao S, Wang Z, Yang Z, Weng L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Mechanisms of white mustard seed (Sinapis alba L.) volatile oils as transdermal penetration enhancers. Fitoterapia 2019; 138:104195. [PMID: 31175953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the transdermal drug permeation enhancement properties and associated mechanisms of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed volatile oil (SVO). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we showed that SVO was composed primarily of allylisothiocyanate and isothiocyanatocyclopropane. Compared with azone, SVO had better penetration-enhancing effects on three model drugs (5-Fluorouracil, Osthole, and Paeonol), with each having different oil-water partition coefficients. Histopathology showed that SVO did not induce skin irritation when the concentration was lower than 2% (v/v), and it induced less irritation than azone. According to attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, SVO induced skin lipid structural disorder and increased the distance between the stratum corneum, which is beneficial to the penetration of drugs. Cellular experiments showed that SVO inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and changed the membrane potential in HaCaT cells, which promoted drug transfer into the skin. Our findings reveal that SVO is a safe and efficient natural product that has great potential as skin penetration enhancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShiFa Ruan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - ZhuXian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - ShiJian Xiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - HuoJi Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - WenFeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - SiWei Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - ZongWei Wang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Urologic Surgery Section, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - ZhiJun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - LiDong Weng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - HongXia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cong TX, Hao D, Wen X, Li XH, He G, Jiang X. From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:337-349. [PMID: 30859308 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a cutaneous chronic inflammatory disorder with complex pathogenesis. Four factors play vital roles in acne pathophysiology: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, altered keratinization of the pilosebaceous duct, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and inflammation. The main hormones responsible for the development of acne vulgaris include androgens, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1. Other factors involved in this process are corticotropin-releasing hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and substance P. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear factor kappa B pathway participate in the modulation of sebocyte, keratinocyte and inflammatory cell (e.g. lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) activity. Among all the triggers and pathways mentioned above, IGF-1-induced PI3K/Akt/Forkhead box protein O1/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 pathway is the most important signaling responsible for acne pathogenesis. Commonly used anti-acne agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and hormonal agents (e.g. spironolactone, combination oral contraceptive and flutamide). New approaches including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ modifier, melanocortin receptor antagonists, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, metformin, olumacostat glasaretil, stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitor omiganan pentahydrochloride, KDPT, afamelanotide, apremilast and biologics have been developed as promising treatments for acne vulgaris. Although these anti-acne agents have various pharmacological effects against the diverse pathogenesis of acne, all of them have a synergistic mode of action, the attenuation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling and enhancement of p53 signal transduction. In addition to drug therapy, diet with no hyperglycemic carbohydrates, no milk and dairy products is also beneficial for treatment of acne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xin Cong
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Modulation of lipid fluidity likely contributes to the fructose/xylitol-induced acceleration of epidermal permeability barrier recovery. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:317-324. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
24
|
Degovics D, Hartmann P, Németh IB, Árva-Nagy N, Kaszonyi E, Szél E, Strifler G, Bende B, Krenács L, Kemény L, Erős G. A novel target for the promotion of dermal wound healing: Ryanodine receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 366:17-24. [PMID: 30684528 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors have an important role in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels in the nervous system and muscle. It has been described that ryanodine receptors influence keratinocyte differentiation and barrier homeostasis. Our goal was to examine the role of ryanodine receptors in the healing of full-thickness dermal wounds by means of in vitro and in vivo methods. The effect of ryanodine receptors on wound healing, microcirculation and inflammation was assessed in an in vivo mouse wound healing model, using skin fold chambers in the dorsal region, and in HaCaT cell scratch wound assay in vitro. SKH-1 mice were subjected to sterile saline (n = 36) or ryanodine receptor agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol (0.5 mM) (n = 42) or ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene (100 μM) (n = 42). Application of ryanodine receptor agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol did not influence the studied parameters significantly, whereas ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene accelerated the wound closure. Inhibition of the calcium channel also increased the vessel diameters in the wound edges during the process of healing and increased the blood flow in the capillaries at all times of measurement. Furthermore, application of dantrolene decreased xanthine-oxidoreductase activity during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Inhibition of ryanodine receptor-mediated effects positively influence wound healing. Thus, dantrolene may be of therapeutic potential in the treatment of wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Döníz Degovics
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Balázs Németh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Árva-Nagy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kaszonyi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Szél
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerda Strifler
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bende
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Krenács
- Laboratory of Tumour Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Erős
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nakanishi S, Kumamoto J, Denda M. Tranexamic acid blocks the thrombin-mediated delay of epidermal permeability barrier recovery induced by the cedar pollen allergen, Cry j1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15610. [PMID: 30353092 PMCID: PMC6199325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Cry j1, the major pollen allergen of Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar), transiently increases protease activity and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cultured human keratinocytes, and delays recovery after stratum corneum barrier disruption in human skin ex vivo. Topical application of tranexamic acid or trypsin-type serine protease inhibitors accelerates barrier recovery. We hypothesized that tranexamic acid might prevent the transient protease activity increase and the barrier recovery delay induced by Cry j1. Here, we tested this hypothesis and examined the mechanism involved. In cultured human keratinocytes, knock-down of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) reduced the transient increase of calcium induced by Cry j1, whereas knock-down of PAR-2 did not. Knock-down of thrombin significantly reduced the transient increases of calcium concentration and protease activity. Tranexamic acid, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or bivalirudin (a thrombin inhibitor) also reduced the calcium elevation induced by Cry j1 and/or thrombin. Co-application of tranexamic acid or bivalirudin with Cry j1 to human skin ex vivo blocked the delay of barrier recovery. These results suggest that thrombin and PAR-1 or PAR-1-like receptor might mediate the adverse effects of Cry j1 on human epidermal keratinocytes, and could open up a new strategy for treating inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Kumamoto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Denda
- Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moehring F, Waas M, Keppel TR, Rathore D, Cowie AM, Stucky CL, Gundry RL. Quantitative Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Identifies Proteoforms Differentially Released during Mechanical Stimulation of Mouse Skin. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2635-2648. [PMID: 29925238 PMCID: PMC6195672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the processes whereby mechanical stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals that allow for the sensation of our surrounding environment through touch. Despite its fundamental role in our daily lives, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mechanotransduction are not yet well-defined. Previous data suggest that keratinocytes may release factors that activate or modulate cutaneous sensory neuron terminals, including small molecules, lipids, peptides, proteins, and oligosaccharides. This study presents a first step toward identifying soluble mediators of keratinocyte-sensory neuron communication by evaluating the potential for top-down mass spectrometry to identify proteoforms released during 1 min of mechanical stimulation of mouse skin from naı̈ve animals. Overall, this study identified 47 proteoforms in the secretome of mouse hind paw skin, of which 14 were differentially released during mechanical stimulation, and includes proteins with known and previously unknown relevance to mechanotransduction. Finally, this study outlines a bioinformatic workflow that merges output from two complementary analysis platforms for top-down data and demonstrates the utility of this workflow for integrating quantitative and qualitative data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Theodore R. Keppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Deepali Rathore
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ashley M. Cowie
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Non-Targeted Secondary Metabolite Profile Study for Deciphering the Cosmeceutical Potential of Red Marine Macro Alga Jania rubens—An LCMS-Based Approach. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
28
|
Carter C. The barrier, airway particle clearance, placental and detoxification functions of autism susceptibility genes. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Heavy Cigarette Smokers in a Chinese Population Display a Compromised Permeability Barrier. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9704598. [PMID: 27437403 PMCID: PMC4942621 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9704598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with various cutaneous disorders with defective permeability. Yet, whether cigarette smoking influences epidermal permeability barrier function is largely unknown. Here, we measured skin biophysical properties, including permeability barrier homeostasis, stratum corneum (SC) integrity, SC hydration, skin surface pH, and skin melanin/erythema index, in cigarette smokers. A total of 99 male volunteers were enrolled in this study. Smokers were categorized as light-to-moderate (<20 cigarettes/day) or heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes/day). An MPA5 was used to measure SC hydration and skin melanin/erythema index on the dorsal hand, forehead, and cheek. Basal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and barrier recovery rates were assessed on the forearm. A Skin-pH-Meter pH900 was used to measure skin surface pH. Our results showed that heavy cigarette smokers exhibited delayed barrier recovery after acute abrogation (1.02% ± 13.06 versus 16.48% ± 6.07), and barrier recovery rates correlated negatively with the number of daily cigarettes consumption (p = 0.0087). Changes in biophysical parameters in cigarette smokers varied with body sites. In conclusion, heavy cigarette smokers display compromised permeability barrier homeostasis, which could contribute, in part, to the increased prevalence of certain cutaneous disorders characterized by defective permeability. Thus, improving epidermal permeability barrier should be considered for heavy cigarette smokers.
Collapse
|
31
|
Moon Y, Han JH, Shin S, Kim YC, Jeong S. Elemental analysis of tissue pellets for the differentiation of epidermal lesion and normal skin by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1626-1636. [PMID: 27231610 PMCID: PMC4871069 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of epidermal lesion and dermis tissue pellets of hairless mouse, it is shown that Ca intensity in the epidermal lesion is higher than that in dermis, whereas Na and K intensities have an opposite tendency. It is demonstrated that epidermal lesion and normal dermis can be differentiated with high selectivity either by univariate or multivariate analysis of LIBS spectra with an intensity ratio difference by factor of 8 or classification accuracy over 0.995, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Moon
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Jung Hyun Han
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Sungho Shin
- School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Sungho Jeong
- School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Skin Absorption of Anions: Part One. Methodology for In Vitro Cutaneous Absorption Measurements. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1564-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
33
|
Paweloszek R, Briançon S, Chevalier Y, Gilon-Delepine N, Pelletier J, Bolzinger MA. Skin Absorption of Anions: Part Two. Skin Absorption of Halide Ions. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1576-86. [PMID: 27001272 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to sort skin penetration of anions with respect to their properties and to assess their mechanisms of penetration. METHODS Aqueous solutions of halides at two concentrations were prepared and quantitative penetration studies were carried out for 24 h using Franz diffusion cells. The iodide permeation was also measured after blocking of anion channels and transporters to investigate the role of this specific transport. RESULTS Absorption of halide ions into skin revealed large differences of transport between these anions according to the Hofmeister series. Increasing steady-state fluxes and lag times in the order F(-) < Cl(-) < Br(-) < I(-) were observed in permeation experiments. The steady-state fluxes were proportional to the concentration for each halide ion. Longer lag times for iodide or bromide ions were explained by the ability of such sticky chaotropic anions to interact with apolar lipids especially in the stratum corneum. Inhibiting ion exchangers and channels decreased the flux of iodide ions by 75%, showing the high contribution of the facilitated transport over the passive pathway. CONCLUSION Ions transport had contributions coming from passive diffusion through the skin layers and transport mediated by ion channels and binding to ion transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Paweloszek
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Gilon-Delepine
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5280, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jocelyne Pelletier
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5007, LAGEP - Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mathematical model for calcium-assisted epidermal homeostasis. J Theor Biol 2016; 397:52-60. [PMID: 26953648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Using a mathematical model of the epidermis, we propose a mechanism of epidermal homeostasis mediated by calcium dynamics. We show that calcium dynamics beneath the stratum corneum can reduce spatio-temporal fluctuations of the layered structure of the epidermis. We also demonstrate that our model can reproduce experimental results that the recovery from a barrier disruption is faster when the disrupted site is exposed to air. In particular, simulation results indicate that the recovery speed depends on the size of barrier disruption.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumamoto J, Tsutsumi M, Goto M, Nagayama M, Denda M. Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen induces elevation of intracellular calcium in human keratinocytes and impairs epidermal barrier function of human skin ex vivo. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 308:49-54. [PMID: 26498292 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cry j1 is the major peptide allergen of Japanese cedar (Sugi), Cryptomeria japonica. Since some allergens disrupt epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, we hypothesized that Cry j1 might have a similar effect. Intracellular calcium level in cultured human keratinocytes was measured with a ratiometric fluorescent probe, Fura-2 AM. Application of Cry j1 significantly increased the intracellular calcium level of keratinocytes, and this increase was inhibited by trypsin inhibitor or a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) antagonist. We found that Cry j1 itself did not show protease activity, but application of Cry j1 to cultured keratinocytes induced a rapid (within 30 s) and transient increase of protease activity in the medium. This transient increase was blocked by trypsin inhibitor or PAR-2 antagonist. The effect of Cry j1 on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of cultured human skin was measured in the presence and absence of a trypsin inhibitor and PAR-2 antagonist. Cry j1 significantly impaired the barrier function of human skin ex vivo, and this action was blocked by co-application of trypsin inhibitor or PAR-2 antagonist. Our results suggested that interaction of Cry j1 with epidermal keratinocytes leads to the activation of PAR-2, which induces elevation of intracellular calcium and disruption of barrier function. Blocking the interaction of Cry j1 with epidermal keratinocytes might ameliorate allergic reaction and prevent disruption of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kumamoto
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Moe Tsutsumi
- Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, 2-2-1, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan
| | - Makiko Goto
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan.,Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, 2-2-1, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Denda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan. .,Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, 2-2-1, Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, 224-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rinnerthaler M, Bischof J, Streubel MK, Trost A, Richter K. Oxidative stress in aging human skin. Biomolecules 2015; 5:545-89. [PMID: 25906193 PMCID: PMC4496685 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in skin plays a major role in the aging process. This is true for intrinsic aging and even more for extrinsic aging. Although the results are quite different in dermis and epidermis, extrinsic aging is driven to a large extent by oxidative stress caused by UV irradiation. In this review the overall effects of oxidative stress are discussed as well as the sources of ROS including the mitochondrial ETC, peroxisomal and ER localized proteins, the Fenton reaction, and such enzymes as cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, xanthine oxidases, and NADPH oxidases. Furthermore, the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress ranging from enzymes like superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxiredoxins, and GSH peroxidases to organic compounds such as L-ascorbate, α-tocopherol, beta-carotene, uric acid, CoQ10, and glutathione are described in more detail. In addition the oxidative stress induced modifications caused to proteins, lipids and DNA are discussed. Finally age-related changes of the skin are also a topic of this review. They include a disruption of the epidermal calcium gradient in old skin with an accompanying change in the composition of the cornified envelope. This modified cornified envelope also leads to an altered anti-oxidative capacity and a reduced barrier function of the epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Johannes Bischof
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Maria Karolin Streubel
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Andrea Trost
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sticozzi C, Cervellati F, Muresan XM, Cervellati C, Valacchi G. Resveratrol prevents cigarette smoke-induced keratinocytes damage. Food Funct 2015; 5:2348-56. [PMID: 25088477 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant polyphenol, resveratrol (Resv, 3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), naturally occurring in a number of fruits and other food products, has been extensively studied over the last two decades for its beneficial properties. Recently, its possible topical use in ameliorating skin conditions has also been proposed; however, its role in preventing cigarette smoke (CS)-induced keratinocyte damage has not been investigated yet. Because of its peculiar location, cutaneous tissue is constantly exposed to several environmental stressors, such as CS. Many compounds presented in CS, have been shown to induce, directly or indirectly, cellular oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation via the production of ROS and lipid peroxidation compounds, among which 4HNE has been shown to be one of the most reactive. In this study, we have shown that resveratrol (at a dose of 10 μM) can decrease CS-induced ROS and carbonyl formation in human keratinocytes. In addition, pre-treatment with resveratrol prevented the induction of TRPA1 expression (mRNA and protein levels), a known receptor involved in cellular differentiation and inflammation, which has been recently shown to be activated by 4HNE. Finally, in keratinocytes, resveratrol could increase the expression of MsrA, enzyme involved in cell defence against oxidative protein damage. The present study further confirms the idea that the topical use of resveratrol can provide a good defence against CS-induced skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu W, Hong SJ, Zeitchek M, Cooper G, Jia S, Xie P, Qureshi HA, Zhong A, Porterfield MD, Galiano RD, Surmeier DJ, Mustoe TA. Hydration status regulates sodium flux and inflammatory pathways through epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:796-806. [PMID: 25371970 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that the inflammatory response that results from disruption of epithelial barrier function after injury results in excessive scarring, the upstream signals remain unknown. It has also been observed that epithelial disruption results in reduced hydration status and that the use of occlusive dressings that prevent water loss from wounds decreases scar formation. We hypothesized that hydration status changes sodium homeostasis and induces sodium flux in keratinocytes, which result in activation of pathways responsible for keratinocyte-fibroblast signaling and ultimately lead to activation of fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate that perturbations in epithelial barrier function lead to increased sodium flux in keratinocytes. We identified that sodium flux in keratinocytes is mediated by epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) and causes increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which activate fibroblast via the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway. Similar changes in signal transduction and sodium flux occur by increased sodium concentration, which simulates reduced hydration, in the media in epithelial cultures or human ex vivo skin cultures. Blockade of ENaC, prostaglandin synthesis, or PGE2 receptors all reduce markers of fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis. In addition, employing a validated in vivo excessive scar model in the rabbit ear, we demonstrate that utilization of either an ENaC blocker or a COX-2 inhibitor results in a marked reduction in scarring. Other experiments demonstrate that the activation of COX-2 in response to increased sodium flux is mediated through the PIK3/Akt pathway. Our results indicate that ENaC responds to small changes in sodium concentration with inflammatory mediators and suggest that the ENaC pathway is a potential target for a strategy to prevent fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Zeitchek
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Garry Cooper
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shengxian Jia
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ping Xie
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannan A Qureshi
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Marshall D Porterfield
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Denda M, Denda S, Tsutsumi M, Goto M, Kumamoto J, Nakatani M, Takei K, Kitahata H, Nakata S, Sawabu Y, Kobayashi Y, Nagayama M. Frontiers in epidermal barrier homeostasis--an approach to mathematical modelling of epidermal calcium dynamics. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:79-82. [PMID: 24330223 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intact epidermal barrier function is crucial for survival and is associated with the presence of gradients of both calcium ion concentration and electric potential. Although many molecules, including ion channels and pumps, are known to contribute to maintenance of these gradients, the mechanisms involved in epidermal calcium ion dynamics have not been clarified. We have established that a variety of neurotransmitters and their receptors, originally found in the brain, are expressed in keratinocytes and are also associated with barrier homeostasis. Moreover, keratinocytes and neurons show some similarities of electrochemical behaviour. As mathematical modelling and computer simulation have been employed to understand electrochemical phenomena in brain science, we considered that a similar approach might be applicable to describe the dynamics of epidermal electrochemical phenomena associated with barrier homeostasis. Such methodology would also be potentially useful to address a number of difficult problems in clinical dermatology, such as ageing and itching. Although this work is at a very early stage, in this essay, we discuss the background to our approach and we present some preliminary results of simulation of barrier recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan; Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rinnerthaler M, Streubel MK, Bischof J, Richter K. Skin aging, gene expression and calcium. Exp Gerontol 2014; 68:59-65. [PMID: 25262846 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human epidermis provides a very effective barrier function against chemical, physical and microbial insults from the environment. This is only possible as the epidermis renews itself constantly. Stem cells located at the basal lamina which forms the dermoepidermal junction provide an almost inexhaustible source of keratinocytes which differentiate and die during their journey to the surface where they are shed off as scales. Despite the continuous renewal of the epidermis it nevertheless succumbs to aging as the turnover rate of the keratinocytes is slowing down dramatically. Aging is associated with such hallmarks as thinning of the epidermis, elastosis, loss of melanocytes associated with an increased paleness and lucency of the skin and a decreased barrier function. As the differentiation of keratinocytes is strictly calcium dependent, calcium also plays an important role in the aging epidermis. Just recently it was shown that the epidermal calcium gradient in the skin that facilitates the proliferation of keratinocytes in the stratum basale and enables differentiation in the stratum granulosum is lost in the process of skin aging. In the course of this review we try to explain how this calcium gradient is built up on the one hand and is lost during aging on the other hand. How this disturbed calcium homeostasis is affecting the gene expression in aged skin and is leading to dramatic changes in the composition of the cornified envelope will also be discussed. This loss of the epidermal calcium gradient is not only specific for skin aging but can also be found in skin diseases such as Darier disease, Hailey-Hailey disease, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which might be very helpful to get a deeper insight in skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Karolin Streubel
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Bischof
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Local burn injury impairs epithelial permeability and antimicrobial peptide barrier function in distal unburned skin. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e420-31. [PMID: 24717471 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to characterize the mechanisms by which local burn injury compromises epithelial barrier function in burn margin, containing the elements necessary for healing of the burn site, and in distal unburned skin, which serves as potential donor tissue. DESIGN Experimental mouse scald burn injury. SETTING University Research Laboratory. SUBJECTS C57/Bl6 Male mice, 8-12 weeks old. INTERVENTIONS To confirm that dehydration was not contributing to our observed barrier defects, in some experiments mice received 1 mL of saline fluid immediately after burn, while a subgroup received an additional 0.5 mL at 4 hours and 1 mL at 24 hours following burn. We then assessed skin pH and transepidermal water loss every 12 hours on the burn wounds for 72 hours postburn. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Burn margin exhibited increased epidermal barrier permeability indicated by higher pH, greater transepidermal water loss, and reduced lipid synthesis enzyme expression and structural protein production up to 96 hours postburn. By contrast, antimicrobial peptide production and protease activity were elevated in burn margin. Skin extracts from burn margin did not exhibit changes in the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. However, distal unburned skin from burned mice also demonstrated an impaired response to barrier disruption, indicated by elevated transepidermal water loss and reduced lipid synthesis enzyme and structural protein expression up to 96 hours postburn. Furthermore, skin extracts from distal unburned skin exhibited greater protease activity and a reduced capacity to inhibit bacterial growth of several skin pathogens. Finally, we established that antimicrobial peptide levels were also altered in the lung and bladder, which are common sites of secondary infection in burn-injured patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal several undefined deficiencies in epithelial barrier function at the burn margin, potential donor skin sites, and organs susceptible to secondary infection. These functional and biochemical data provide novel insights into the mechanisms for graft failure and secondary infection after burn injury.
Collapse
|
42
|
Schaumann T, Kraus D, Winter J, Wolf M, Deschner J, Jäger A. Potential immune modularly role of glycine in oral gingival inflammation. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:808367. [PMID: 24348681 PMCID: PMC3855959 DOI: 10.1155/2013/808367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gingival epithelial cells (GECs) represent a physical barrier against bacteria and are involved in the processes of innate immunity. Recently, an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effect of the amino acid glycine has been demonstrated. However, there is only little information about the immune-modulatory effects of glycine in oral tissues. This study aimed to investigate the existence and role of the glycine receptor in gingival tissue analyzing tissues/cells from extracted human molars via immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, GECs were challenged by inflammatory conditions with IL-1 β alone or in combination with glycine and analyzed for cytokine expression of IL6/IL8 via real-time PCR. On protein level, the effect of nuclear translocalization of NF κ B protein p65 was analyzed using immunofluorescence analysis. A distinct proof of the GlyR in oral gingival tissue and keratinocytes could be demonstrated. Isolated challenge of the keratinocytes with IL-1 β as well as with glycine resulted in an upregulation of IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression and activation of NF κ B pathway. The presence of glycine in combination with the inflammatory stimulus led to a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters. These results indicate a possible anti-inflammatory role of glycine in gingival inflammation and encourage further research on the utility of glycine in the prevention or therapy of inflammatory periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Schaumann
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Sciences, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bon, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine (CRU 208), Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bargo PR, Walston ST, Chu M, Seo I, Kollias N. Non-invasive assessment of tryptophan fluorescence and confocal microscopy provide information on skin barrier repair dynamics beyond TEWL. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:18-23. [PMID: 23278891 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) serves a primary function of skin barrier and understanding the kinetics of SC formation may provide great insight for skin diagnosis and evaluation of therapies. Besides trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), few methods have been characterized to assess skin barrier non-invasively in vivo, particularly for dynamic measurements on the same specimen over time. The objective of this study was to characterize alternative non-invasive methods to evaluate the dynamic processes involved in the recovery of normal human SC after total removal. TEWL, tryptophan fluorescence and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) were used to determine skin barrier function, cell turnover and epidermal morphology over a period of 10 days after total removal of the SC by tape stripping. The results show a biphasic recovery of TEWL over time, which contrasted with a linear increase of 2.3 μm/day in SC thickness. Tryptophan assessment of cell turnover also demonstrated a biphasic pattern attaining a maximum three to four times the levels of the control site 3 days after injury that slowly returned to baseline and displayed great correlation (R(2) > 0.95) to viable epidermis thickness that also achieved a maximum about 3 days after injury with an approximate increase of 55%. When plotting the change of TEWL versus SC thickness, a single exponential function is observed [Δ-TEWL = 55 exp (-0.157×)] which contrasts with other proposed models. These methods were able to present rates for SC recovery processes beyond skin barrier (TEWL) that may provide new insights on kinetics of barrier formation for evaluation of skin conditions and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Bargo
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Skillman, NJ 08690, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tu CL, Bikle DD. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in calcium regulation of epidermal differentiation and function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:415-27. [PMID: 23856269 PMCID: PMC3713412 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes. It serves as the body's major physical and chemical barrier against infection and harsh environmental insults, as well as preventing excess water loss from the body into the atmosphere. Calcium is a key regulator of the proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. Elevated extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]o) raises the levels of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i), promotes cell-cell adhesion, and activates differentiation-related genes. Keratinocytes deficient in the calcium-sensing receptor fail to respond to [Ca(2+)]o stimulation and to differentiate, indicating a role for the calcium-sensing receptor in transducing the [Ca(2+)]o signal during differentiation. The concepts derived from in vitro gene knockdown experiments have been evaluated and confirmed in three mouse models in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affair Medical Center and The University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kumamoto J, Goto M, Denda S, Nakatani M, Takasugi Y, Tsuchiya K, Shimizu Y, Takatsuru Y, Denda M. External negative electric potential accelerates exocytosis of lamellar bodies in human skin ex vivo. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:421-3. [PMID: 23651364 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exocytosis of lamellar bodies at the uppermost nucleated layer of the epidermis is a crucial process for epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis. We have previously suggested that skin surface electric potential might be associated with barrier homoeostasis. Thus, we hypothesized that the potential might drive exocytosis of lamellar bodies. In this study, we tested this idea by applying negative electric potential (-0.5 V) to human skin samples ex vivo for 2 h and observing the ultrastructure of the uppermost layer. The secretion of lamellar bodies was accelerated in the potential-applied skin, compared to that in untreated control skin. Multiphoton observation indicated that extracellular lipid domains were more extensive in treated skin than in control skin. Moreover, the calcium ion gradient was greater at the uppermost layer of the epidermis of treated skin, compared to that in control skin. These results indicate that electric potential may regulate lamellar body secretion in healthy human skin.
Collapse
|
46
|
Baek JH, Lee SE, Choi KJ, Choi EH, Lee SH. Acute modulations in stratum corneum permeability barrier function affect claudin expression and epidermal tight junction function via changes of epidermal calcium gradient. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:523-8. [PMID: 23364991 PMCID: PMC3575975 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) is recognized as a second barrier of the skin. Altered expression of TJ proteins in various skin diseases characterized by the abnormal permeability barrier such as psoriasis suggests that TJ could be affected by stratum corneum (SC) barrier status. However, the physiological relationship between SC and TJ barrier remains to be investigated. Therefore, we examined the effect of SC barrier disruption on the expression of TJ proteins, claudin (Cldn)-1 and Cldn-4, and TJ barrier function in hairless mouse skin. We also investigated whether the alterations in epidermal Ca2+ affected TJ proteins expression in vivo. Repeated tape-stripping induced a sequential change of the expression and function of TJ. As early as 15-30 minutes after tape-stripping, downregulation of Cldn-1 and Cldn-4 immunoreactivity and protein level without change in mRNA level was found. This was accompanied by the abnormal leakage of lanthanum. However, by 1 hour Cldn-1 and Cldn-4 immunolocalization recovered along with normalized lanthanum permeation pattern. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of Cldn-1 and Cldn-4 were increased by 1 to 6 hours after tape-stripping. Inhibition of calcium loss by immersion of barrier-disrupted skin into a high Ca2+ solution prevented the dislocation of Cldn-1 and Cldn-4. Occlusion of barrier-disrupted skin delayed the restoration of Cldn-1 and Cldn-4. Our results suggest that the alteration of epidermal Ca2+ gradient caused by SC barrier perturbation affects the TJ structure and function and the faster recovery of TJ as compared to the SC barrier may imply the protective homeostatic mechanism of skin barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwoon Baek
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Ju Choi
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Human Barrier Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
A major function of the skin is to provide a barrier to the movement of water and electrolytes, which is required for life in a terrestrial environment. This permeability barrier is localized to the stratum corneum and is mediated by extracellular lipid-enriched lamellar membranes, which are delivered to the extracellular spaces by the secretion of lamellar bodies by stratum granulosum cells. A large number of factors have been shown to regulate the formation of this permeability barrier. Specifically, lamellar body secretion and permeability barrier formation are accelerated by decreases in the calcium content in the stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis. In addition, increased expression of cytokines and growth factors and the activation of nuclear hormone receptors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, vitamin D receptor) accelerate permeability barrier formation. In contrast, nitric oxide, protease-activated receptor 2 activation, glucocorticoids, and testosterone inhibit permeability barrier formation. The ability of a variety of factors to regulate permeability barrier formation allows for a more precise and nuanced regulation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hoppe T, Winge M, Bradley M, Nordenskjöld M, Vahlquist A, Berne B, Törmä H. X-linked recessive ichthyosis: an impaired barrier function evokes limited gene responses before and after moisturizing treatments. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:514-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
49
|
Bak JP, Kim YM, Son J, Kim CJ, Kim EH. Application of concentrated deep sea water inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:108. [PMID: 22834904 PMCID: PMC3517761 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Mineral water from deep-sea bedrock, formed over thousands of years, is rich in minerals such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and others. Our present study was to investigate the preventive effects of natural deep-sea water on developing atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods We elicited AD by application of DNCB (2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene) in Nc/Nga mouse dorsal skin. Deep Sea water (DSW) was filtered and concentrated by a nanofiltration process and reverse osmosis. We applied concentrated DSW (CDSW) to lesions five times per week for six weeks, followed by evaluation. 1% pimecrolimus ointment was used as positive control. The severity of skin lesions was assessed macroscopically and histologically. Levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in the serum were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ spleen lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results DNCB-treated mice showed atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Treatment of mice with CDSW reduced the severity of symptoms in the skin lesions, including edema, erythema, dryness, itching, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Histological analyses demonstrated that epidermal thickness and infiltration of inflammatory cells were decreased after CDSW treatment. Given these interesting observations, we further evaluated the effect of CDSW on immune responses in this AD model. Treatment AD mice with CDSW inhibited up-regulation of IgE, histamine, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Also, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in spleen lymphocyte was down-regulated after treatment with CDSW. Finally, cytokines, especially IL-4 and IL-10 which are important for Th2 cell development, were reduced. Conclusions Our data suggests that topical application of CDSW could be useful in preventing the development of atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
|
50
|
|