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Nguyen TLL, Nguyen DV, Heo KS. Potential biological functions and future perspectives of sialylated milk oligosaccharides. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:325-340. [PMID: 38561494 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sialyllactoses (SLs) primarily include sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs). First, the safety assessment of 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) revealed low toxicity in various animal models and human participants. SLs constitute a unique milk component, highlighting the essential nutrients and bioactive components crucial for infant development, along with numerous associated health benefits for various diseases. This review explores the safety, biosynthesis, and potential biological effects of SLs, with a specific focus on their influence across various physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal system, immune disorders, rare genetic disorders (such as GNE myopathy), cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diverse cancers, and viral infections, thus indicating their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dung Van Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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2
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Zeng J, Xie C, Huang Z, Cho CH, Chan H, Li Q, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Wong SH, Yu J, Gong W, Liang C, Xu H, Chen H, Liu X, Wu JCY, Ip M, Gin T, Zhang L, Chan MTV, Hu W, Wu WKK. LOX-1 acts as an N 6-methyladenosine-regulated receptor for Helicobacter pylori by binding to the bacterial catalase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:669. [PMID: 38253620 PMCID: PMC10803311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of host mRNA during bacterial infection is unclear. Here, we show that Helicobacter pylori infection upregulates host m6A methylases and increases m6A levels in gastric epithelial cells. Reducing m6A methylase activity via hemizygotic deletion of methylase-encoding gene Mettl3 in mice, or via small interfering RNAs targeting m6A methylases, enhances H. pylori colonization. We identify LOX-1 mRNA as a key m6A-regulated target during H. pylori infection. m6A modification destabilizes LOX-1 mRNA and reduces LOX-1 protein levels. LOX-1 acts as a membrane receptor for H. pylori catalase and contributes to bacterial adhesion. Pharmacological inhibition of LOX-1, or genetic ablation of Lox-1, reduces H. pylori colonization. Moreover, deletion of the bacterial catalase gene decreases adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric sections. Our results indicate that m6A modification of host LOX-1 mRNA contributes to protection against H. pylori infection by downregulating LOX-1 and thus reducing H. pylori adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi H Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Margaret Ip
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Aguilera‐Gómez M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Peláez C, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, Siskos A, van Loveren H, Colombo P, Noriega Fernández E, Knutsen HK. Safety of 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt produced by a derivative strain ( Escherichia coli NEO3) of E. coli W (ATCC 9637) as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08224. [PMID: 37746669 PMCID: PMC10512151 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3'-SL (sodium salt), but it also contains sialic acid, d-glucose, d-lactose, 3'-sialyllactulose and 6'-sialyllactose sodium salts and a small fraction of other related saccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation by a genetically modified strain (Escherichia coli NEO3) of E. coli W (ATCC 9637). The information provided on the identity, manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF to a variety of foods, including infant formula and follow-on formula, food for special medical purposes and food supplements (FS). The target population is the general population. The applicant applies for the same uses and use levels as already assessed for 3'-SL sodium salt produced by a genetically modified strain of E. coli K-12 DH1, with the exception for the use in FS, which is proposed to be higher (from 0.5 to 1.0 g/day) in individuals from 3 years of age. Since the NF as a food ingredient would be consumed at the same extent as the already assessed 3'-SL sodium salt, no new estimates of the intakes have been carried out. The Panel notes that the maximum daily intake of 3'-SL from the proposed use of the NF in FS for individuals from 3 years of age (1.0 g/day) is lower than the estimated highest mean daily intake of 3'-SL in breastfed infants. FS are not intended to be used if other sources of 3'-SL are consumed on the same day. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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Schönknecht YB, Moreno Tovar MV, Jensen SR, Parschat K. Clinical Studies on the Supplementation of Manufactured Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3622. [PMID: 37630811 PMCID: PMC10458772 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk. They are associated with multiple health benefits and are manufactured on a large scale for their addition to different food products. In this systematic review, we evaluate the health outcomes of published clinical trials involving the supplementation of manufactured HMOs. We screened the PubMed database and Cochrane Library, identifying 26 relevant clinical trials and five publications describing follow-up studies. The clinical trials varied in study populations, including healthy term infants, infants with medical indications, children, and adults. They tested eight different HMO structures individually or as blends in varying doses. All trials included safety and tolerance assessments, and some also assessed growth, stool characteristics, infections, gut microbiome composition, microbial metabolites, and biomarkers. The studies consistently found that HMO supplementation was safe and well tolerated. Infant studies reported a shift in outcomes towards those observed in breastfed infants, including stool characteristics, gut microbiome composition, and intestinal immune markers. Beneficial gut health and immune system effects have also been observed in other populations following HMO supplementation. Further clinical trials are needed to substantiate the effects of HMO supplementation on human health and to understand their structure and dose dependency.
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Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias), a group of over 50 structurally distinct acidic saccharides on the surface of all vertebrate cells, are neuraminic acid derivatives. They serve as glycan chain terminators in extracellular glycolipids and glycoproteins. In particular, Sias have significant implications in cell-to-cell as well as host-to-pathogen interactions and participate in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, fertilization, and tumor migration. However, Sia is also present in some of our daily diets, particularly in conjugated form (sialoglycans), such as those in edible bird's nest, red meats, breast milk, bovine milk, and eggs. Among them, breast milk, especially colostrum, contains a high concentration of sialylated oligosaccharides. Numerous reviews have concentrated on the physiological function of Sia as a cellular component of the body and its relationship with the occurrence of diseases. However, the consumption of Sias through dietary sources exerts significant influence on human health, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota's composition and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, and biological function of particular Sia-rich diets, including human milk, bovine milk, red meat, and egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Azcutia V, Kelm M, Fink D, Cummings RD, Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Brazil JC. Sialylation regulates neutrophil transepithelial migration, CD11b/CD18 activation, and intestinal mucosal inflammatory function. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167151. [PMID: 36719745 PMCID: PMC10077474 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in clearing invading microbes and promoting tissue repair following infection/injury. However, dysregulated PMN trafficking and associated tissue damage is pathognomonic of numerous inflammatory mucosal diseases. The final step in PMN influx into mucosal lined organs (including the lungs, kidneys, skin, and gut) involves transepithelial migration (TEpM). The β2-integrin CD11b/CD18 plays an important role in mediating PMN intestinal trafficking, with recent studies highlighting that terminal fucose and GlcNAc glycans on CD11b/CD18 can be targeted to reduce TEpM. However, the role of the most abundant terminal glycan, sialic acid (Sia), in regulating PMN epithelial influx and mucosal inflammatory function is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that inhibiting sialidase-mediated removal of α2-3-linked Sia from CD11b/CD18 inhibits PMN migration across intestinal epithelium in vitro and in vivo. Sialylation was also found to regulate critical PMN inflammatory effector functions, including degranulation and superoxide release. Finally, we demonstrate that sialidase inhibition reduces bacterial peptide-mediated CD11b/CD18 activation in PMN and blocks downstream intracellular signaling mediated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and p38 MAPK. These findings suggest that sialylated glycans on CD11b/CD18 represent potentially novel targets for ameliorating PMN-mediated tissue destruction in inflammatory mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kelm
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dylan Fink
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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The effect of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1090-1099. [PMID: 34670631 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections. Cranberry has been suggested for H. pylori eradication. We aimed to conduct the first meta-analysis to summarise current evidence on effects of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects. We searched the online databases up to December 2020. Four randomised clinical trials (RCT) were included with human subjects, investigating the effect of cranberry on H. pylori eradication. The pooled results were expressed as the OR with 95 % CI. Based on five effect sizes with a total sample size of 1935 individuals, we found that according to the OR, there was a positive effect of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication, increasing the chance of H. pylori eradication by 1·27 times, but this relationship was not statistically significant (overall OR: 1·27; 95 % CI 0·63, 2·58). The results also indicated the moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 63·40 %; P = 0·03) of the studies. However, there were no significant differences in some subgroup analyses in the duration of treatment, the duration of follow-up and the Jadad score. Our findings revealed that although cranberry had a positive effect on H. pylori eradication in adults, this effect was not statistically significant. Due to the small number of included studies and moderate heterogeneities, the potential of cranberry supplementation on H. pylori eradication should be validated in large, multicentre and well-designed RCT in the future.
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Dang C, Okagu O, Sun X, Udenigwe CC. Bioinformatics analysis of adhesin-binding potential and ADME/Tox profile of anti- Helicobacter pylori peptides derived from wheat germ proteins. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09629. [PMID: 35706937 PMCID: PMC9189888 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-adhesive activity of wheat germ-derived peptides, which is considered as one of the promising strategies for preventing Helicobacter pylori infection, was investigated. The underlying mechanism of anti-adhesive action was due to peptides acting as receptor analogues and binding to H. pylori adhesin proteins. However, there is lack of information on the nature and strength of this molecular interaction as well as the participating species and drug-likeness of the food-derived bioactive peptides. In this study, the biostability and ADME/Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) profile of the anti-adhesive peptides were analyzed using bioinformatic tools, and their binding potential to H. pylori's adhesins estimated by molecular docking. Binding is facilitated by mostly hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction occurring in the active site of the adhesin proteins with affinities ranging from -6.0 to -7.4 and -6.0 to -7.8 kcal/mol for BabA and SabA, respectively. The results indicate highly possible binding capabilities of the peptides to adhesin proteins. Out of 16 peptides studied, 14 bound in the vicinity of the active site of BabA and SabA whereas two different peptides demonstrated allosteric binding. The most hydrophobic peptide, P210 showed strong binding affinity for both BabA and SabA and, therefore, predicted to be the most promising peptide for further development in the prevention, management and treatment of H. pylori infection. The selected peptides were shown to be non-toxic, and to have high potential of localized effect of interfering with bacterial adherence. This work provides insights into the anti-adhesive mechanism of peptides and new evidence demonstrating bioactive peptides as promising nutraceutical candidates for preventing H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ogadimma Okagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.,School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
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Nguyen H, Herrmann F, König S, Goycoolea F, Hensel A. Structural characterization of the carbohydrate and protein part of arabinogalactan protein from Basella alba stem and antiadhesive activity of polysaccharides from B. alba against Helicobacter pylori. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Matos R, Amorim I, Magalhães A, Haesebrouck F, Gärtner F, Reis CA. Adhesion of Helicobacter Species to the Human Gastric Mucosa: A Deep Look Into Glycans Role. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:656439. [PMID: 34026832 PMCID: PMC8138122 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter species infections may be associated with the development of gastric disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric carcinoma. Binding of these bacteria to the gastric mucosa occurs through the recognition of specific glycan receptors expressed by the host epithelial cells. This review addresses the state of the art knowledge on these host glycan structures and the bacterial adhesins involved in Helicobacter spp. adhesion to gastric mucosa colonization. Glycans are expressed on every cell surface and they are crucial for several biological processes, including protein folding, cell signaling and recognition, and host-pathogen interactions. Helicobacter pylori is the most predominant gastric Helicobacter species in humans. The adhesion of this bacterium to glycan epitopes present on the gastric epithelial surface is a crucial step for a successful colonization. Major adhesins essential for colonization and infection are the blood-group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA) which mediates the interaction with fucosylated H-type 1 and Lewis B glycans, and the sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) which recognizes the sialyl-Lewis A and X glycan antigens. Since not every H. pylori strain expresses functional BabA or SabA adhesins, other bacterial proteins are most probably also involved in this adhesion process, including LabA (LacdiNAc-binding adhesin), which binds to the LacdiNAc motif on MUC5AC mucin. Besides H. pylori, several other gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH), mainly associated with pigs (H. suis) and pets (H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. salomonis, and H. heilmannii), may also colonize the human stomach and cause gastric disease, including gastritis, peptic ulcers and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. These NHPH lack homologous to the major known adhesins involved in colonization of the human stomach. In humans, NHPH infection rate is much lower than in the natural hosts. Differences in the glycosylation profile between gastric human and animal mucins acting as glycan receptors for NHPH-associated adhesins, may be involved. The identification and characterization of the key molecules involved in the adhesion of gastric Helicobacter species to the gastric mucosa is important to understand the colonization and infection strategies displayed by different members of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Matos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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11
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Im BN, Shin H, Lim B, Lee J, Kim KS, Park JM, Na K. Helicobacter pylori-targeting multiligand photosensitizer for effective antibacterial endoscopic photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120745. [PMID: 33740616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with the development of gastric inflammatory diseases and cancer. However, the continued abuse and misuse of antibiotics has accelerated the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains, which poses a tremendous challenge for antibiotic-based H. pylori treatment. In this study, a H. pylori-targeting photodynamic therapy (PDT) system is proposed that multiple 3'-sialyllactose (3SL)-conjugated, poly-l-lysine-based photosensitizer (p3SLP). p3SLP facilitates H. pylori-targeting PDT via the specific interaction between 3SL and sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) in the H. pylori membrane. p3SLP can be orally administered to H. pylori infected mice and irradiated using an endoscopic laser system. The gastrointestinal pathological analysis of the H. pylori-infected mice demonstrated significant H. pylori specific antibacterial effects of PDT without side effects to normal tissue. In addition, an anti-inflammatory response was observed at the site of infection after p3SLP treatment. Consequently, this study demonstrates the superior efficacy of anti-H. pylori PDT with p3SLP in H. pylori-infected mice, and this approach shows great potential for replacing antibiotic-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Nam Im
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi Do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Heejun Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi Do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Byoungjun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi Do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi Do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jae Myeong Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi Do, 14662, South Korea; Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi Do, 14662, South Korea.
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In Love with Shaping You-Influential Factors on the Breast Milk Content of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Their Decisive Roles for Neonatal Development. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113568. [PMID: 33233832 PMCID: PMC7699834 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally versatile sugar molecules constituting the third major group of soluble components in human breast milk. Based on the disaccharide lactose, the mammary glands of future and lactating mothers produce a few hundreds of different HMOs implicating that their overall anabolism utilizes rather high amounts of energy. At first sight, it therefore seems contradictory that these sugars are indigestible for infants raising the question of why such an energy-intensive molecular class evolved. However, in-depth analysis of their molecular modes of action reveals that Mother Nature created HMOs for neonatal development, protection and promotion of health. This is not solely facilitated by HMOs in their indigestible form but also by catabolites that are generated by microbial metabolism in the neonatal gut additionally qualifying HMOs as natural prebiotics. This narrative review elucidates factors influencing the HMO composition as well as physiological roles of HMOs on their way through the infant body and within the gut, where a major portion of HMOs faces microbial catabolism. Concurrently, this work summarizes in vitro, preclinical and observational as well as interventional clinical studies that analyzed potential health effects that have been demonstrated by or were related to either human milk-derived or synthetic HMOs or HMO fractions.
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Sun X, Zhang S, Ren J, Udenigwe CC. Sialic acid-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Emerging trends in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1713-1724. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1846157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Songyuan Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Ren
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Smart drug delivery against Helicobacter pylori: pectin-coated, mucoadhesive liposomes with antiadhesive activity and antibiotic cargo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5943-5957. [PMID: 32399588 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first step in the development of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity is the receptor-mediated adhesion to the gastric epithelium. Inhibition of outer membrane proteins of H. pylori (e.g. BabA) by antiadhesive drugs will contribute to reduced recolonization and infection. Pectin from apple inhibits the BabA and LPS-mediated adhesion of H. pylori to human stomach cells. Pectin-coated liposomes with encapsulated amoxicillin were characterized for polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and amoxicillin release. Coated liposomes did not influence the viability of AGS and HT29-MTX cells up to 100 μg/mL but exert cytotoxicity against H. pylori at 10 μg/mL. Pectin-coating of liposomes provoked direct interaction and subsequent binding of the particles to surface structures of H. pylori, and interaction with mucus from porcine stomach and mucus secreted by HT29-MTX cells. Laser scanning microscopy of H. pylori and AGS cells together with liposomes indicated co-aggregation. The mucoadhesive effect seems interesting as stomach cells are covered by a mucus layer. H. pylori is able to penetrate and cross the mucin rapidly to reach pH-neutral epithelium to escape the acidic environment, followed by interaction with epithelial cells. In summary, all experimental evidence is consistent with a specific interaction of pectin-coated liposomes with mucins and surface structures of H. pylori. As the coated liposomes show mucoadhesion to the negatively charged mucins, docking to stomach mucin, mucus penetration, and recognition of and adhesion to H. pylori, they can be considered a novel type of multifunctional drug carriers for local antibiotic therapy against H. pylori. KEY POINTS: • Smart, multifunctional mucoadhesive liposomes • Specific targeting against BabA/LPS of Helicobacter pylori • Inhibition of bacterial adhesion of H. pylori to human host cells • Release of antibiotic cargo.
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15
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Gottesmann M, Paraskevopoulou V, Mohammed A, Falcone FH, Hensel A. BabA and LPS inhibitors against Helicobacter pylori: pectins and pectin-like rhamnogalacturonans as adhesion blockers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:351-363. [PMID: 31768613 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first step in the development of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity is receptor-mediated adhesion to gastric epithelium. Adhesins of H. pylori not only enable colonisation of the epithelium, with BabA interacting with Lewisb, but also interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with galectin-3 contributes to attachment of H. pylori to the host cells. Anti-adhesive compounds against H. pylori have been described, but specific analytical assays for pinpointing the interaction with BabA are limited. LPS-galectin-3 inhibitors have not been described until now. A sandwich ELISA with recombinant BabA547-6K was developed to investigate the interaction of BabA with Lewisb-HSA. Isothermal titration calorimetry gave thermodynamic information on the interaction between BabA, Lewisb-HSA and anti-adhesive compounds. A highly esterified rhamnogalacturonan from Abelmoschus esculentus inhibited the adhesion of H. pylori to adherent gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells (IC50 550 μg/mL) and interacted with BabA (IC50 17 μg/mL). Pectins with similar rhamnogalacturonan structure showed weak anti-adhesive activity. Highly branched rhamnogalacturonans with low uronic acid content and high degree of esterification are potent BabA inhibitors. BabA represents a promising target for the development of anti-adhesive drugs against H. pylori. The rhamnogalacturonan influenced also the binding affinity of H. pylori to recombinant galectin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 222 μg/mL. Similar effects were obtained with pectin from apple fruits, while pectins from other sources were inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Gottesmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Aymen Mohammed
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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16
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Phipps KR, Baldwin NJ, Lynch B, Stannard DR, Šoltésová A, Gilby B, Mikš MH, Röhrig CH. Toxicological safety assessment of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide 3'-sialyllactose sodium salt. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1378-1393. [PMID: 31418894 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breastmilk is a mixture of nutrients, hormones and bioactive molecules that are vital for infant growth and development. Infant formula (IF) lacks many of these compounds, most notably human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are abundant in breastmilk but scarce in IF. Sialyllactoses, such as 3'-sialyllactose, constitute a large portion of the HMO fraction. To produce IF that matches breastmilk more closely, biosynthesized human-identical milk oligosaccharides (structurally identical to HMOs) such as 3'-sialyllactose sodium salt (3'-SL) are proposed for use in IF and foods for the general population. The safety assessment of 3'-SL comprised in vitro genotoxicity tests and a 90-day oral (gavage) toxicity study. This is the first 90-day study conducted with 3'-SL using neonatal rats (7 days old at the start of dosing-equivalent age to newborn human infants in terms of central nervous system and reproductive development), demonstrating the safety of 3'-SL for consumption by infants, the most sensitive age group. The neonatal rats received 3'-SL at doses up to 5,000 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day and reference controls received 5,000 mg/kg BW/day of fructooligosaccharide (an ingredient approved for use in IF) for comparison with the high-dose 3'-SL group, followed by a 4-week recovery period. There was no evidence of genotoxicity in vitro. In the absence of any test item-related adverse effects in the 90-day study, the high dose (5,000 mg/kg BW/day) was established as the no-observed-adverse-effect level. This confirms the safety of 3'-SL for use in IF for infants, as well as in functional foods for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirt R Phipps
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Farnborough, Hampshire, UK
| | - Nigel J Baldwin
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Farnborough, Hampshire, UK
| | - Barry Lynch
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Ben Gilby
- Envigo CRS Limited, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marta H Mikš
- Glycom A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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17
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Monaco MH, Gurung RB, Donovan SM. Safety evaluation of 3'-siallylactose sodium salt supplementation on growth and clinical parameters in neonatal piglets. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 101:57-64. [PMID: 30453008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sialyllactose (SL) is an abundant oligosaccharide in human milk with health benefits that include intestinal maturation, gut microbiota modulation, and cognitive development. Recent technological advances support large scale production of different forms of sialyllactose, which will enable their use as a food ingredient. The objective of the study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of novel enzymatically-synthesized 3'-sialyllactose (3'SL) sodium salt supplemented to swine milk replacer on growth, hematological parameters and tissue histology in a pre-clinical neonatal pig model. Forty-five two-day-old male and female pigs were provided one of four experimental diets for 21 days. Diets were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 140 (LOW), 200 (MOD) or 500 (HIGH) mg/L of 3'SL sodium salt. Samples were collected on days 8 and 22 of the study for hematological and histological analyses. The addition of 3'SL sodium salt to formula at all doses was well-tolerated by neonatal piglets and supported growth and development comparable to those observed in the CON group. In addition, serum chemistries as well as hematology and organ microscopic structure were unaffected by 3'SL (p > 0.05). These data provide supportive evidence for the safety of supplementation of this enzymatically-synthesized 3'SL sodium salt to human infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia H Monaco
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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18
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Pandey RP, Kim DH, Woo J, Song J, Jang SH, Kim JB, Cheong KM, Oh JS, Sohng JK. Broad-spectrum neutralization of avian influenza viruses by sialylated human milk oligosaccharides: in vivo assessment of 3'-sialyllactose against H9N2 in chickens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2563. [PMID: 29416087 PMCID: PMC5803236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (SHMOs) 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) were accessed for their possible antiviral activity against six different subtypes of thirteen avian influenza (AI) viruses in vitro. 3'-SL exhibited promising antiviral activity against almost all subtypes of tested AI viruses in hemagglutination inhibition assay, whereas 6'-SL showed activity against few selected H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtype strains. 3'-SL has minimum inhibitory concentration values of 15.62 mM or less in more than half of the viruses examined. 3'-SL also showed effective inactivation of H9N2 Korea isolate (A/Chicken/Korea/MS96/1996) at 12.5 mM concentration in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. Thus, 3'-SL was further studied for in vivo study against H9N2 virus in pathogen free chicken experiment models. In vivo study exhibited improved clinical symptoms on H9N2 infected chickens when treated with 3'-SL. Moreover, treating chickens with 3'-SL resulted in complete elimination of H9N2 viruses within 24 h of virus infection (0.8 HAU of H9N2). Indirect ELISA assay confirmed complete wash-out of H9N2 viruses from the colon after neutralization by 3'-SL without entering the blood stream. These in vivo results open up possible applications of 3'-SL for the prevention of AI virus infections in birds by a simple cleansing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- GeneChem Inc., 59-5 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Korea
| | - Jinsuk Woo
- GeneChem Inc., 59-5 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) 175 Anynag-ro Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Jang
- Median Diagnostics Inc., 878, Sunhwan-daero, Dongnae-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Joon Bae Kim
- Median Diagnostics Inc., 878, Sunhwan-daero, Dongnae-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Kwang Myun Cheong
- Median Diagnostics Inc., 878, Sunhwan-daero, Dongnae-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jin Sik Oh
- Median Diagnostics Inc., 878, Sunhwan-daero, Dongnae-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Korea.
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19
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Toxicological evaluation of 3'-sialyllactose sodium salt. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 94:83-90. [PMID: 29407203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The safety of 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt was evaluated by testing for gene mutations, in vivo and in vitro clastogenic activity, and animal toxicity in beagle dogs and rats. The results of all mutagenicity and genotoxicity tests were negative, indicating that 3'-SL does not have any mutagenic or clastogenic potential. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of 3'-SL sodium salt was well above 20 g/kg body weight (bw) in rats. A dose escalation acute toxicity study in Beagle dogs also indicated no treatment-related abnormalities. Subsequent 28-day and 90-day toxicity studies in Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats involved dietary exposure to 500, 1,000, and 2000 mg/kg bw of 3'-SL sodium salt and a water (vehicle) control. There were no treatment-related abnormalities on clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, behavior, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, relative organ weights, urinalysis parameters, or necropsy and histopathological findings. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 3'-SL sodium salt was determined to be higher than 2000 mg/kg bw/day in an oral subchronic toxicity study in rats, indicating that the substance is an ordinary carbohydrate with the lowest toxicity rating. Results confirm that 3'-SL sodium salt has a toxicity profile similar to other non-digestible carbohydrates and naturally occurring human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and support its safety for human consumption in foods.
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20
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Food derived anti-adhesive components against bacterial adhesion: Current progresses and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shmuely H, Domniz N, Yahav J. Non-pharmacological treatment of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:171-178. [PMID: 27158532 PMCID: PMC4848239 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity, but are less effective in vivo. The anti-H. pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane, anti-adhesion, inhibition of bacterial enzymes and bacterial grown. We, herein, review treatment effects of cranberry, garlic, curcumin, ginger and pistacia gum against H. pylori in both in vitro, animal studies and in vivo studies.
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Abstract
Milk represents a unique resource for translational medicine: It contains a rich pool of biologically active molecules with demonstrated clinical benefits. The ongoing characterization of the mechanistic process through which milk components promote development and immunity has revealed numerous milk-derived compounds with potential applications as clinical therapies in infectious and inflammatory disease, cancer, and other conditions. Lactoferrin is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agent in high-risk patient populations and a potentially potent adjuvant to chemotherapy in lung cancer. Enteric nutrition formulas supplemented with transforming growth factor β, a milk cytokine, have been shown to promote remission in pediatric Crohn's disease. A number of milk glycans, including human milk oligosaccharides, show promise in preclinical studies as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. While active preclinical investigations of human milk may soon result in large-scale production of human milk molecules, bovine milk components in many instances represent a practical source of bioactive milk compounds for use in clinical trials. This review summarizes current efforts to translate the compounds derived from human and bovine milk into effective clinical therapies. These efforts suggest a common pathway for the translation of milk-derived compounds into clinical applications.
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Marcial G, Sendker J, Brandt S, de Lampasona MP, Catalán CAN, de Valdez GF, Hensel A. Gastroprotection as an example: antiadhesion against Helicobacter pylori, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of Lippia integrifolia Hieron. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1125-1133. [PMID: 24993887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aerial parts of Lippia integrifolia (Gris.) Hieronymus (Verbenaceae), known as incayuyo, are used by the peasant population of Argentina for treatment of diseases related to a gastrointestinal system, mainly for inflammation of the stomach and have also been included into the Argentina Food Code. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of hydrophilic extracts from the herbal material by LC-MS and to evaluate potential pharmacological mechanisms rationalizing the traditional use of incayuyo aqueous extracts potential anti-inflammatory treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical profiling: LC-MS of an aqueous decoction. Antiadhesive effects against Helicobacter pylori: in vitro FACS assay using FITC-labeled bacteria and AGS human stomach cells. Influence of extracts on stomach cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages: MTT viability assay and BrdU proliferation ELISA. Influence of extracts on IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from stomach cells was quantitated by ELISA after infection of the cells with Helicobacter pylori. Influence of test extracts on macrophages: phagocytosis of FITC-labeled Zymosan particles and NO production. Antioxidative capacity: DPPH assay and O2-induced caroten oxidation. RESULTS LC-MS profiling indicated the presence of compounds 1-20 with flavonoid hexosides, phenylethanoides (acteoside, isoacteoside) and sesquiterpenes [(epi)lippidulcine, peroxylippidulcine] in the decoction extract and subfraction PhF. The extract exhibits strong in vitro antioxidative capacity and inhibited adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to stomach cells up to 40%, while an EtOH-soluble fraction showed inhibition rates of up to 60%. Decoction increased the cellular viability of AGS cells significantly at >10 μg/mL, while proliferation rate was not influenced. Helicobacter pylori induced IL-8 secretion was significantly reduced by coincubation of AGS cells with the extracts. Aqueous extracts stimulated phagocytosis rate of macrophages and inhibited the LPS-induced NO-secretion. CONCLUSIONS The traditional use of aqueous extracts from Lippia integrifolia for gastric inflammation seems to be rationalized: besides anti-inflammatory effects on stomach cells antiadhesive properties of the extracts against the main bacterial inductor of gastritis Helicobacter pylori were identified. Additional effects for stimulation of innate immunity and potential radical scavenging effects may additionally contribute to the activity of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Marcial
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; INQUINOA-CONICET Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, S. M. de Tucumán T4000INI, Argentina
| | - Jandirk Sendker
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simone Brandt
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Perotti de Lampasona
- INQUINOA-CONICET Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, S. M. de Tucumán T4000INI, Argentina
| | - César A N Catalán
- INQUINOA-CONICET Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, S. M. de Tucumán T4000INI, Argentina
| | - Graciela Font de Valdez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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ten Bruggencate SJM, Bovee-Oudenhoven IMJ, Feitsma AL, van Hoffen E, Schoterman MHC. Functional role and mechanisms of sialyllactose and other sialylated milk oligosaccharides. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:377-89. [PMID: 24828428 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is a rich source of oligosaccharides. Acidic oligosaccharides, such as sialyllactose (SL), contain sialic acid (SA) residues. In human milk, approximately 73% of SA is bound to oligosaccharides, whereas only 3% is present in free form. Oligosaccharides are highly resistant to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Only a small portion of the available oligosaccharides in breast milk is absorbed in the neonatal small intestine. SL and sialylated oligosaccharides are thought to have significant health benefits for the neonate, because of their roles in supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development. The need for SA to allow proper development during the neonatal period is thought to exceed the endogenous synthesis. Therefore, these structures are important nutrients for the neonate. Based on the potential benefits, SL and sialylated oligosaccharides may be interesting components for application in infant nutrition. Once the hurdle of limited availability of these oligosaccharides has been overcome, their functionality can be explored in more detail, and supplementation of infant formula may become feasible.
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Antiadhesive properties of arabinogalactan protein from ribes nigrum seeds against bacterial adhesion of Helicobacter pylori. Molecules 2014; 19:3696-717. [PMID: 24662083 PMCID: PMC6270890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit extracts from black currants (Ribes nigrum L.) are traditionally used for treatment of gastritis based on seed polysaccharides that inhibit the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to stomach cells. For detailed investigations an arabinogalactan protein (F2) was isolated from seeds and characterized concerning molecular weight, carbohydrate, amino acid composition, linkage, configuration and reaction with β-glucosyl Yariv. Functional testing of F2 was performed by semiquantitative in situ adhesion assay on sections of human gastric mucosa and by quantitative in vitro adhesion assay with FITC-labled H. pylori strain J99 and human stomach AGS cells. Bacterial adhesins affected were identified by overlay assay with immobilized ligands. ¹²⁵I-radiolabeled F2 served for binding studies to H. pylori and interaction experiments with BabA and SabA. F2 had no cytotoxic effects against H. pylori and AGS cells; but inhibited bacterial binding to human gastric cells. F2 inhibited the binding of BabA and fibronectin-binding adhesin to its specific ligands. Radiolabeled F2 bound non-specifically to different strains of H. pylori; and to BabA deficient mutant. F2 did not lead to subsequent feedback regulation or increased expression of adhesins or virulence factors. From these data the non-specific interactions between F2 and the H. pylori lead to moderate antiadhesive effects.
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Messing J, Thöle C, Niehues M, Shevtsova A, Glocker E, Borén T, Hensel A. Antiadhesive properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) immature fruit extract against Helicobacter pylori adhesion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84836. [PMID: 24416297 PMCID: PMC3887003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Asian and African medicine use immature okra fruits (Abelmoschus esculentus) as mucilaginous food to combat gastritis. Its effectiveness is due to polysaccharides that inhibit the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to stomach tissue. The present study investigates the antiadhesive effect in mechanistic detail. METHODOLOGY A standardized aqueous fresh extract (Okra FE) from immature okra fruits was used for a quantitative in vitro adhesion assay with FITC-labled H. pylori J99, 2 clinical isolates, AGS cells, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Bacterial adhesins affected by FE were pinpointed using a dot-blot overlay assay with immobilized Lewis(b), sialyl-Lewis(a), H-1, laminin, and fibronectin. (125)I-radiolabeled Okra FE polymer served for binding studies to different H. pylori strains and interaction experiments with BabA and SabA. Iron nanoparticles with different coatings were used to investigate the influence of the charge-dependence of an interaction on the H. pylori surface. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Okra FE dose-dependently (0.2 to 2 mg/mL) inhibited H. pylori binding to AGS cells. FE inhibited the adhesive binding of membrane proteins BabA, SabA, and HpA to its specific ligands. Radiolabeled compounds from FE bound non-specifically to different strains of H. pylori, as well as to BabA/SabA deficient mutants, indicating an interaction with a still-unknown membrane structure in the vicinity of the adhesins. The binding depended on the charge of the inhibitors. Okra FE did not lead to subsequent feedback regulation or increased expression of adhesins or virulence factors. CONCLUSION Non-specific interactions between high molecular compounds from okra fruits and the H. pylori surface lead to strong antiadhesive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Messing
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thöle
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Niehues
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Shevtsova
- Umeå University, Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Glocker
- University Hospital Freiburg, Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Borén
- Umeå University, Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
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Marcial G, Messing J, Menchicchi B, Goycoolea FM, Faller G, Graciela FDV, Hensel A. Effects of polysaccharide isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus CRL1190 on human gastric epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cozens D, Read RC. Anti-adhesion methods as novel therapeutics for bacterial infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013; 10:1457-68. [PMID: 23253323 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-adhesion therapies for bacterial infections offer an alternative to antibiotics, with those therapies bacteria are not killed but are prevented from causing harm to a host by inhibiting adherence to host cells and tissues, a prerequisite for the majority of infectious diseases. The mechanisms of these potential therapeutic agents include inhibition of adhesins and their host receptors, vaccination with adhesins or analogs, use of probiotics and dietary supplements that interfere with receptor-adhesin interactions, subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and manipulation of hydrophobic interactions. Once developed, these drugs will contribute to the arsenal for fighting infectious disease in the future, potentially subverting antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cozens
- Department of Infection & Immunity, K Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield School of Medicine & Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 3JF, UK
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Abstract
Microbial adhesion is generally a complex process, involving multiple adhesins on a single microbe and their respective target receptors on host cells. In some situations, various adhesins of a microbe may co-operate in an apparently hierarchical and sequential manner whereby the first adhesive event triggers the target cell to express receptors for additional microbial adhesins. In other instances, adhesins may act in concert leading to high avidity interactions, often a prelude to cellular invasion and tissue penetration. Mechanisms used to target the host include both lectin-like interactions and protein-protein interactions; the latter are often highly specific for the host or a tissue within the host. This reflective chapter aims to offer a point of view on microbial adhesion by presenting some experiences and thoughts especially related to respiratory pathogens and explore if there can be any future hope of controlling bacterial infections via preventing adhesion or invasion stages of microbial pathogenesis.
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Everest-Dass AV, Jin D, Thaysen-Andersen M, Nevalainen H, Kolarich D, Packer NH. Comparative structural analysis of the glycosylation of salivary and buccal cell proteins: innate protection against infection by Candida albicans. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1465-79. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Thomas RJ. Receptor mimicry as novel therapeutic treatment for biothreat agents. Bioeng Bugs 2011; 1:17-30. [PMID: 21327124 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.1.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specter of intentional release of pathogenic microbes and their toxins is a real threat. This article reviews the literature on adhesins of biothreat agents, their interactions with oligosaccharides and the potential for anti-adhesion compounds as an alternative to conventional therapeutics. The minimal binding structure of ricin has been well characterised and offers the best candidate for successful anti-adhesion therapy based on the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure. The botulinum toxin serotypes A-F bind to a low number of gangliosides (GT1b, GQ1b, GD1a and GD1b) hence it should be possible to determine the minimal structure for binding. The minimal disaccharide sequence of GalNAcβ1-4Gal found in the gangliosides asialo-GM1 and asialo-GM2 is required for adhesion for many respiratory pathogens. Although a number of adhesins have been identified in bacterial biothreat agents such as Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella species and Burkholderia pseudomallei, specific information regarding their in vivo expression during pneumonic infection is lacking. Limited oligosaccharide inhibition studies indicate the potential of GalNAcβ1-4Gal, GalNAcβ-3Gal and the hydrophobic compound, para-nitrophenol as starting points for the rational design of generic anti-adhesion compounds. A cocktail of multivalent oligosaccharides based on the minimal binding structures of identified adhesins would offer the best candidates for anti-adhesion therapy.
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Chichlowski M, German JB, Lebrilla CB, Mills DA. The influence of milk oligosaccharides on microbiota of infants: opportunities for formulas. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:331-51. [PMID: 22129386 PMCID: PMC7568403 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022510-133743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to a nutritive role, human milk also guides the development of a protective intestinal microbiota in the infant. Human milk possesses an overabundance of complex oligosaccharides that are indigestible by the infant yet are consumed by microbial populations in the developing intestine. These oligosaccharides are believed to facilitate enrichment of a healthy infant gastrointestinal microbiota, often associated with bifidobacteria. Advances in glycomics have enabled precise determination of milk glycan structures as well as identification of the specific glycans consumed by various gut microbes. Furthermore, genomic analysis of bifidobacteria from infants has revealed specific genetic loci related to milk oligosaccharide import and processing, suggesting coevolution between the human host, milk glycans, and the microbes they enrich. This review discusses the current understanding of how human milk oligosaccharides interact with the infant microbiota and examines the opportunities for translating this knowledge to improve the functionality of infant formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chichlowski
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Functional Glycobiology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J. Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Functional Glycobiology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Functional Glycobiology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - David A. Mills
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Functional Glycobiology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Xu C, Ruan XM, Li HS, Guo BX, Ren XD, Shuang JL, Zhang Z. Anti-adhesive effect of an acidic polysaccharide from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger on the binding of Helicobacter pylori to the MKN-45 cell line. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1753-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains has necessitated a search for alternative therapies for the treatment of this infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not polysaccharide fractions from Aloe vera are effective in inhibiting the adherence of H. pylori in vitro.
Methods
Polysaccharide fractions were extracted from A. vera and subjected to carbohydrate analysis. The adhesive effect was determined by co-incubation of H. pylori and cells with polysaccharides followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate labelling and Gram staining in vitro. Inhibition of H. pylori growth and cellular viability was tested by agar diffusion and MTT assay.
Key findings
APS-F2 contained significant amounts of galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose. APS-F1 was galacturonic acid-free and consisted of mannose, glucose and galactose. APS-F2 (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) reduced the count of H. pylori attached to MKN45 cells to 88, 76 and 64%, respectively. APS-F1 did not show the same effect. Neither polysaccharide revealed an inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori or cell viability. In addition, APS-F2 was shown to have a potent anti-adhesive effect against Escherichia coli.
Conclusions
The results show that the acidic polysaccharide from A. vera has a potent anti-adhesive effect against H. pylori in vitro. However, there have yet to be any in-vivo studies to demonstrate the clinical relevance of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin-Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Lei Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Wittschier N, Lengsfeld C, Vorthems S, Stratmann U, Ernst JF, Verspohl EJ, Hensel A. Large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:777-86. [PMID: 17637170 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-adhesive compounds are potential prophylactic tools in alternative treatment regimes against bacterial infection, as bacterial adhesion is commonly mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions between surface adhesions of microorganisms and the host cell. The use of exogenous polyvalent, high-molecular carbohydrates and tannin-like plant-derived compounds should antagonize the adhesive interaction. A range of carbohydrates and carbohydrate- and proanthocyanidin-enriched plant extracts were screened for potential anti-adhesive effects against Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans in different in-situ assays on primary tissue. The adhesion of H. pylori on human stomach tissue was effectively blocked by glucuronic acid-enriched polysaccharides from immature okra fruits (Abelmoschus esculentus). These compounds also had strong in-vitro effects against C. jejuni (inhibition up to 80%), but were ineffective in an in-vivo study in infected chicken broilers due to metabolism in the gastrointestinal system. Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhizia glabra, also enriched with glucuronic acid, showed strong anti-adhesive properties against H. pylori and P. gingivalis (inhibition 60–70%). Pelargonium sidoides extract, containing mainly polymeric proanthocyanidins, was effective against H. pylori in a dose-dependent manner. Due to the multifunctional adhesive strategy of C. albicans, no effective compounds were detected against this yeast. Structure-activity relationships are presented and the potential in-vivo use of carbohydrate-based anti-adhesives is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wittschier
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Hittorfstrasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Barile D, Tao N, Lebrilla CB, Coisson JD, Arlorio M, German JB. Permeate from cheese whey ultrafiltration is a source of milk oligosaccharides. Int Dairy J 2009; 19:524-530. [PMID: 20161544 PMCID: PMC2805004 DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously undescribed oligosaccharides in bovine cheese whey permeate were characterized by a combination of nanoelectrospray Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (nESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry. Oligosaccharide composition was elucidated by collision-induced dissociation within the ICR cell. In addition to sialyllactose (the most abundant oligosaccharide in bovine colostrum), we identified 14 other oligosaccharides, half of which have the same composition of human milk oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides could potentially be used as additives in infant formula and products for the pharmaceutical industry. Because whey permeate is a by-product from the production of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and is readily available, it is an attractive source of oligosaccharides for potential application in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nannan Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (School of Medicine), University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (School of Medicine), University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jean-Daniel Coisson
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita’ degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Marco Arlorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita’ degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Coddens A, Diswall M, Angström J, Breimer ME, Goddeeris B, Cox E, Teneberg S. Recognition of blood group ABH type 1 determinants by the FedF adhesin of F18-fimbriated Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:9713-26. [PMID: 19208633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807866200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
F18-fimbriated Escherichia coli are associated with porcine postweaning diarrhea and edema disease. Adhesion of F18-fimbriated bacteria to the small intestine of susceptible pigs is mediated by the minor fimbrial subunit FedF. However, the target cell receptor for FedF has remained unidentified. Here we report that F18-fimbriated E. coli selectively interact with glycosphingolipids having blood group ABH determinants on type 1 core, and blood group A type 4 heptaglycosylceramide. The minimal binding epitope was identified as the blood group H type 1 determinant (Fucalpha2Galbeta3GlcNAc), while an optimal binding epitope was created by addition of the terminal alpha3-linked galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine of the blood group B type 1 determinant (Galalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAc) and the blood group A type 1 determinant (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)-Galbeta3GlcNAc). To assess the role of glycosphingolipid recognition by F18-fimbriated E. coli in target tissue adherence, F18-binding glycosphingolipids were isolated from the small intestinal epithelium of blood group O and A pigs and characterized by mass spectrometry and proton NMR. The only glycosphingolipid with F18-binding activity of the blood group O pig was an H type 1 pentaglycosylceramide (Fucalpha2Galbeta3GlcNAc-beta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer). In contrast, the blood group A pig had a number of F18-binding glycosphingolipids, characterized as A type 1 hexaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), A type 4 heptaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GalNAcbeta3Galalpha4Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), A type 1 octaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), and repetitive A type 1 nonaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GalNAcalpha3-(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer). No blood group antigen-carrying glycosphingolipids were recognized by a mutant E. coli strain with deletion of the FedF adhesin, demonstrating that FedF is the structural element mediating binding of F18-fimbriated bacteria to blood group ABH determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Coddens
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Okra polysaccharides inhibit adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to mucosa isolated from poultry in vitro but not in vivo. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sharon N. Carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for infectious diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:527-37. [PMID: 16564136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of pathogenic organisms to host tissues is the prerequisite for the initiation of the majority of infectious diseases. In many systems, it is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. Lectin-deficient mutants often lack the ability to initiate infection. The bacterial lectins are typically in the form of elongated submicroscopic multi-subunit protein appendages, known as fimbriae (or pili). The best characterized of these are the mannose-specific type 1 fimbriae, the galabiose-specific P fimbriae and the N-acetylglucosamine-specific fimbriae of Escherichia coli. Soluble carbohydrates recognized by the bacterial surface lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Aromatic alpha-mannosides are potent inhibitors of type 1 fimbriated E. coli, being up to 1000 times more active than MealphaMan, with affinities in the nanomolar range. This is due to the presence of a hydrophobic region next to the monosaccharide-binding site of the fimbriae, as recently demonstrated by X-ray studies. Polyvalent saccharides (e.g., neoglycoproteins or dendrimers) are also powerful inhibitors of bacterial adhesion in vitro. Very significantly, lectin-inhibitory saccharides have been shown to protect mice, rabbits, calves and monkeys against experimental infection by lectin-carrying bacteria. Since anti-adhesive agents do not act by killing or arresting the growth of the pathogens, it is very likely that strains resistant to such agents will emerge at a markedly lower rate than of strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Suitable sugars also inhibit the binding to cells of carbohydrate-specific toxins, among them those of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1, and of the homologous Verotoxins of E. coli, specific for galabiose. Appropriately designed polyvalent ligands are up to six orders of magnitude stronger inhibitors of toxin binding in vitro than the monovalent ones, and they protect mice against the Shigella toxin. The above data provide clear proof for the feasibility of anti-adhesion therapy of infectious diseases, although this has not yet been successful in humans. All in all, however, there is little doubt that inhibitors of microbial lectins will in the near future join the arsenal of drugs for therapy of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Bavington C, Page C. Stopping Bacterial Adhesion: A Novel Approach to Treating Infections. Respiration 2005; 72:335-44. [PMID: 16088272 DOI: 10.1159/000086243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion and colonization are prerequisites for the establishment of bacterial pathogenesis. The prevention of adhesion is an attractive target for the development of new therapies in the prevention of infection. Bacteria have developed a multiplicity of adhesion mechanisms commonly targeting surface carbohydrate structures, but our ability to rationally design effective antiadhesives is critically affected by the limitations of our knowledge of the human 'glycome' and of the bacterial function in relation to it. The potential for the future development of carbohydrate-based antiadhesives has been demonstrated by a significant number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Such therapies will be particularly relevant for infections of mucosal surfaces where topical application or delivery is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bavington
- GlycoMar Limited, European Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll
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Zhang L, Ma J, Pan K, Go VLW, Chen J, You WC. Efficacy of cranberry juice on Helicobacter pylori infection: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter 2005; 10:139-45. [PMID: 15810945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. This study postulated that cranberry juice would be effective in the suppression of H. pylori in an endemically infected population at high risk for gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Linqu County of Shandong Province, China, where 189 adults aged 48.9 +/- 11.2 years (mean +/- SD) with H. pylori infection were randomly divided into two groups: cranberry juice (n = 97) and placebo (n = 92). Participants were assigned to orally receive two 250-ml juice boxes of cranberry juice or matching placebo beverage daily for 90 days. The degree of H. pylori infection was determined using the 13C-urea breath test before randomization at 35 and 90 days of intervention to assess the efficacy of cranberry juice in alleviating infection. RESULTS A total of 189 subjects with positive 13C-urea breath test results prior to randomization completed the study. At day 35 of intervention, 14 of the 97 (14.43%) from the the cranberry juice treatment group and 5 of the 92 (5.44%) of the placebo recipients had negative 13C-urea breath test results. After 90 days, the study concluded that 14 of the 97 subjects in the cranberry juice treatment group versus 5 of the 92 in the placebo group yielded negative test results. Eleven individuals from the cranberry juice treatment group and only two from the placebo group were negative at 35 and 90 days of experiment. These results are significant (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Regular consumption of cranberry juice can suppress H. pylori infection in endemically afflicted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, China
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a global pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal diseases leading to a significant morbidity and mortality. There is an effective treatment for peptic ulcer disease, however, this is being compromised by an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Although alternative rescue regimens have been advocated, the best strategy would be to prevent disease, especially in the case of gastric cancer for which there is still no treatment. One approach is to inhibit the first step in the pathogenic process - adhesion of the organism to the host tissue. Another and probably a better approach is vaccination, but clinical trials have so far been unsuccessful. There is still a large uncertainty in relation to how H. pylori causes disease. Knowledge from genomics, proteomics, and the relationship between polymorphism of the bacterium and the host, as well as the continuing investigation of the role played by important virulence factors in the outcome of the disease, will help both in understanding pathogenesis of disease and in the design of the best vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O'Mahony
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & International Health, RF&UCL Medical School, UK
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