1
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Banerjee S, Mathur A, Hurkat N, Chakraborty S, Reddy TV. Rh null phenotype in an Indian patient due to a novel c.1138 + 2 t > a mutation in the RHAG gene. Transfus Med 2024; 34:223-226. [PMID: 38711255 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rh system is an extremely important RBC antigen system with over 50 antigens, 5 of which (D, C, E, c and e) are considered most clinically significant. The rare Rhnull phenotype can result from mutations in the RHD and RHCE genes or the RHAG gene that affects their expression. This is a case report of the second type. CASE REPORT This case reports a multiparous lady who had to be evaluated for a panreactive antibody. The discrepancy was first identified at the centre she reported to. A thorough immunohematological workup was performed at a second reference laboratory. Suspecting Rhnull phenotype, a third referral (molecular typing) was requested at International Blood Group Reference Laboratory (IBGRL), Bristol. RESULTS A novel RHAG null allele (c.1138+2t>a), causing a Rhnull phenotype was identified. The antibody was most likely an anti-Rh 29 antibody. CONCLUSION The novel c.1138+2 t > a mutation in the RHAG gene causing the Rhnull phenotype and development of a pan reacting antibody(ies) made the patient's pregnancy challenging. Confirmation of the diagnosis, an important step in her management, required use of both serological immunohematology and molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumee Banerjee
- Rotary TTK Blood Centre, Bangalore Medical Services Trust, Bangalore, India
| | - Ankit Mathur
- Rotary TTK Blood Centre, Bangalore Medical Services Trust, Bangalore, India
| | - Neha Hurkat
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Yashoda Hospital, Secundrabad, India
| | | | - T V Reddy
- Rotary TTK Blood Centre, Bangalore Medical Services Trust, Bangalore, India
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2
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Yoon E, Kim TY, Kim H, Cho D. Evorpacept-Induced Interference and Application of a Novel Mitigation Agent, Evo-NR, in Pretransfusion Testing. Transfus Med Hemother 2024; 51:185-192. [PMID: 38867811 PMCID: PMC11166403 DOI: 10.1159/000534273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evorpacept is a CD47-blocking agent currently being developed for the treatment of various cancers. Interference by evorpacept in pretransfusion compatibility testing has been reported at limited plasma concentrations. Although various mitigation strategies have been proposed, none are practical. This in vitro study assessed evorpacept-induced interference at extended concentrations and investigated the capability of a novel mitigation agent, Evo-NR. Methods Antibody screening tests were performed on evorpacept-spiked plasma with (anti-E and anti-Jka) or without alloantibodies at evorpacept concentrations up to 2,000 μg/mL using manual gel cards and automated analyzers. Evorpacept-coated red blood cells (RBCs) (rr [ce/ce], Fy[a+b-], S-s+) were tested by direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) and antigen typing using anti-Fyb and anti-S reagents at indirect antiglobulin testing (IAT) phase. Evo-NR was used to resolve the interference in plasma and RBC samples. Flow cytometry was used to assess the mitigation effects. Results Evorpacept-spiked plasma showed panreactive interference in antibody screening tests using manual gel cards (2+ to 3+) and automated analyzers (4+). A carryover effect was also observed in the automated analyzers. The use of a 3- to 6-fold molar excess of Evo-NR effectively resolved the interference in the plasma and enabled accurate alloantibody identification. Although the reduction in evorpacept binding to RBCs was identified via flow cytometry, Evo-NR was incapable of resolving the serologic interference observed in DAT and antigen typing at IAT phase. Discussion Evorpacept showed constant panreactivity and a carryover effect at high concentrations. Evo-NR successfully resolved the interference in the plasma samples and could be considered a practical and efficient mitigation solution. Implementation of Evo-NR has the potential to support RBC transfusion for patients undergoing evorpacept treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungjun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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An HH, Gagne AL, Maguire JA, Pavani G, Abdulmalik O, Gadue P, French DL, Westhoff CM, Chou ST. The use of pluripotent stem cells to generate diagnostic tools for transfusion medicine. Blood 2022; 140:1723-1734. [PMID: 35977098 PMCID: PMC9707399 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most common medical treatments, with more than 10 million units transfused per year in the United States alone. Alloimmunization to foreign Rh proteins (RhD and RhCE) on donor RBCs remains a challenge for transfusion effectiveness and safety. Alloantibody production disproportionately affects patients with sickle cell disease who frequently receive blood transfusions and exhibit high genetic diversity in the Rh blood group system. With hundreds of RH variants now known, precise identification of Rh antibody targets is hampered by the lack of appropriate reagent RBCs with uncommon Rh antigen phenotypes. Using a combination of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming and gene editing, we designed a renewable source of cells with unique Rh profiles to facilitate the identification of complex Rh antibodies. We engineered a very rare Rh null iPSC line lacking both RHD and RHCE. By targeting the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in this Rh null background, any combination of RHD or RHCE complementary DNAs could be reintroduced to generate RBCs that express specific Rh antigens such as RhD alone (designated D--), Goa+, or DAK+. The RBCs derived from these iPSCs (iRBCs) are compatible with standard laboratory assays used worldwide and can determine the precise specificity of Rh antibodies in patient plasma. Rh-engineered iRBCs can provide a readily accessible diagnostic tool and guide future efforts to produce an alternative source of rare RBCs for alloimmunized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hyung An
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alyssa L. Gagne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L. French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Stella T. Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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4
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de Paula Vendrame TA, Silva FS, Silva NM, Satake M, Cortez APJ, Castilho L, Latini FRM, Arnoni CP. Rhnull phenotype: A family study of a novel
RHAG
allele in Brazilians. Transfusion 2022; 62:E66-E67. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marie Satake
- Colsan – Associação Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue São Paulo Brazil
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5
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Lymperaki E, Stalika E, Tzavelas G, Tormpantoni E, Samara D, Vagdatli E, Tsamesidis I. The Clinical Utility of ABO and RHD Systems as Potential Indicators of Health Status, a Preliminary Study in Greek Population. Clin Pract 2022; 12:406-418. [PMID: 35735664 PMCID: PMC9221977 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to further highlight the differences between different ABO blood groups and Rhesus types with health biomarkers. Methods: In total 150 active healthy blood donors participated in our study comprising of 80 males from 19–61 years and 70 females aged from 21 to 64. Participants carrying blood group A were 55 individuals, blood group B 32, blood group O 51, and blood group AB 12, RHD+ 132, and RHD- 18. All the volunteer regular blood donors were selected recognizing them as a healthy population excluding drug and supplements intake. Their blood samples were analyzed just before blood donation for biochemical, hematological, and antioxidant markers. Statistical computations were performed using the SPSS tool, specifically, the one-way ANOVA test, Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used as statistical models. Results: O blood donors presented better iron absorption and the worst lipid profile. Indeed, a significant trend of high atheromatic index values revealed an increased risk for hyperlipidemia, in contrast with blood group A presenting a better lipid profile with lower atheromatic index values. There was also a gender related association for blood group A compared with O that was further highlighted using binary logistic regression. Conclusion: In this study, a significant difference was observed among the ABO blood groups in several of the examined biochemical and hematological biomarkers. O blood group appeared different behavior in comparison to all the tested blood groups and furthermore the RHD-group presented a better lipid profile in comparison to the RHD+ group. In order to obtain a more comprehensive view of the correlation between the ABO blood group and biochemical markers, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Lymperaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Stalika
- Lab of Computing and Medical Informatics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Tzavelas
- Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Tormpantoni
- Blood Bank Section, Naousa General Hospital, 59200 Naousa, Greece; (E.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Samara
- Blood Bank Section, Naousa General Hospital, 59200 Naousa, Greece; (E.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Eleni Vagdatli
- Laboratory of Biopathology, Hippokratio General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-699-631-12-60
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6
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Jones AD, Moayeri M, Nambiar A. Impact of new myeloma agents on the transfusion laboratory. Pathology 2021; 53:427-437. [PMID: 33707006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy targeting CD38 and CD47 antigens expressed on cancer cells has transformed therapy options for patients with multiple myeloma as well as other haematological and non-haematological malignancies. While the on target effects of these new drugs highlight the promise of precision cancer therapeutics, the unintended, off target binding of drugs to red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets has required transfusion service laboratories (TSL) and immunohaematology reference laboratories (IRL) to innovate and rapidly set up processes and testing protocols to overcome the significant interference in routine pre-transfusion tests caused by these agents. Binding of anti-CD38 and anti-CD47 drugs to reagent RBCs leads to false positive pan-agglutination during the antihuman globulin phase of testing, making it difficult to rule out underlying alloantibodies, and leading to delays in setting up compatible units for RBC transfusion. Anti-CD47 agents can also interfere with ABO/Rh typing studies. Several methods to successfully mitigate interference have been described, such as treatment of reagent RBCs with reducing agents or enzymes, allogeneic RBC adsorption studies and drug specific neutralisation assays; all methods have limitations. TSLs should select an approach that best fits their workflow and expertise and takes into consideration their level of access to specialised outside testing, local blood supplier capabilities, and the type of patient population served. For platelet refractory patients, samples should be tested by platelet antibody assays that are known to be unaffected by drug therapy. RBC transfusion support for multiple myeloma patients receiving anti-CD38 or anti-CD47 drugs can be optimised by establishing good communication between the clinical teams and TSLs, building electronic notification processes, and ensuring timely completion of baseline pre-transfusion testing and RBC phenotype/genotype prior to starting therapy. Staff education, standardisation of laboratory mitigation measures, and implementation of testing algorithms that consider mAb-induced interference when working up a pan-agglutinin help to significantly decrease delays that would otherwise result if standard methods were employed to complete antibody identification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Jones
- UCSF Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Morvarid Moayeri
- UCSF Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashok Nambiar
- UCSF Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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Mufarrege N, Franco N, Trucco Boggione C, Arnoni C, Paula Vendrame T, Bartoli S, Ensinck A, Principi C, Lujan Brajovich M, Mattaloni S, Riquelme B, Biondi C, Castilho L, Cotorruelo C. Extensive clinical, serologic and molecular studies lead to the first reported
Rh
mod
phenotype in Argentina. Transfusion 2020; 60:1373-1377. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Mufarrege
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Noelia Franco
- Unidad de Hemato – Oncología PediátricaHospital Materno Infantil Dr. Héctor Quintana Jujuy Argentina
| | - Carolina Trucco Boggione
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Carine Arnoni
- Colsan‐Associacao Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Alejandra Ensinck
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Cintia Principi
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Melina Lujan Brajovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Stella Mattaloni
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Bibiana Riquelme
- Área FísicaGrupo de Física Biomédica, IFIR (CONICET‐UNR). Universidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | - Claudia Biondi
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Cotorruelo
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología e Inmunogenética. IDICER – CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Rosario ‐ Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Rosario Argentina
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8
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Iftikhar A, Salamat N, Yazdani MS. Rh deficiency syndrome with anti Rh-29 in a multiparous lady causing transfusion reactions. Transfus Med 2020; 30:327-329. [PMID: 32484254 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Iftikhar
- Clinical Haematology Department, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Salamat
- Immunohaematology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Yazdani
- Immunohaematology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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9
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Hawksworth J, Satchwell TJ, Meinders M, Daniels DE, Regan F, Thornton NM, Wilson MC, Dobbe JG, Streekstra GJ, Trakarnsanga K, Heesom KJ, Anstee DJ, Frayne J, Toye AM. Enhancement of red blood cell transfusion compatibility using CRISPR-mediated erythroblast gene editing. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708454. [PMID: 29700043 PMCID: PMC5991592 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular blood transfusion is the cornerstone of care for patients with red blood cell (RBC) disorders such as thalassaemia or sickle‐cell disease. With repeated transfusion, alloimmunisation often occurs due to incompatibility at the level of minor blood group antigens. We use CRISPR‐mediated genome editing of an immortalised human erythroblast cell line (BEL‐A) to generate multiple enucleation competent cell lines deficient in individual blood groups. Edits are combined to generate a single cell line deficient in multiple antigens responsible for the most common transfusion incompatibilities: ABO (Bombay phenotype), Rh (Rhnull), Kell (K0), Duffy (Fynull), GPB (S−s−U−). These cells can be differentiated to generate deformable reticulocytes, illustrating the capacity for coexistence of multiple rare blood group antigen null phenotypes. This study provides the first proof‐of‐principle demonstration of combinatorial CRISPR‐mediated blood group gene editing to generate customisable or multi‐compatible RBCs for diagnostic reagents or recipients with complicated matching requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hawksworth
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy J Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Bristol, UK
| | | | - Deborah E Daniels
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fiona Regan
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,NHS Blood & Transplant, London, UK
| | - Nicole M Thornton
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Johannes Gg Dobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kongtana Trakarnsanga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Anstee
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Bristol, UK
| | - Jan Frayne
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK .,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Bristol, UK
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10
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Branch DR. Immunotherapy: the good, the bad, the ugly, and the really ugly. Transfusion 2019; 59:437-440. [PMID: 30727039 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Branch
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Velliquette RW, Aeschlimann J, Kirkegaard J, Shakarian G, Lomas‐Francis C, Westhoff CM. Monoclonal anti‐CD47 interference in red cell and platelet testing. Transfusion 2018; 59:730-737. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall W. Velliquette
- Immunohematology and Genomics LaboratoryNew York Blood Center, New York, New York; and the Community Blood Center Kansas City Missouri
| | - Judith Aeschlimann
- Immunohematology and Genomics LaboratoryNew York Blood Center, New York, New York; and the Community Blood Center Kansas City Missouri
| | - Julie Kirkegaard
- Immunohematology and Genomics LaboratoryNew York Blood Center, New York, New York; and the Community Blood Center Kansas City Missouri
| | - Gayane Shakarian
- Immunohematology and Genomics LaboratoryNew York Blood Center, New York, New York; and the Community Blood Center Kansas City Missouri
| | - Christine Lomas‐Francis
- Immunohematology and Genomics LaboratoryNew York Blood Center, New York, New York; and the Community Blood Center Kansas City Missouri
| | - Connie M. Westhoff
- Immunohematology and Genomics LaboratoryNew York Blood Center, New York, New York; and the Community Blood Center Kansas City Missouri
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12
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Flatt JF, Bruce LJ. The Molecular Basis for Altered Cation Permeability in Hereditary Stomatocytic Human Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29713289 PMCID: PMC5911802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal human RBCs have a very low basal permeability (leak) to cations, which is continuously corrected by the Na,K-ATPase. The leak is temperature-dependent, and this temperature dependence has been evaluated in the presence of inhibitors to exclude the activity of the Na,K-ATPase and NaK2Cl transporter. The severity of the RBC cation leak is altered in various conditions, most notably the hereditary stomatocytosis group of conditions. Pedigrees within this group have been classified into distinct phenotypes according to various factors, including the severity and temperature-dependence of the cation leak. As recent breakthroughs have provided more information regarding the molecular basis of hereditary stomatocytosis, it has become clear that these phenotypes elegantly segregate with distinct genetic backgrounds. The cryohydrocytosis phenotype, including South-east Asian Ovalocytosis, results from mutations in SLC4A1, and the very rare condition, stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis, is caused by mutations in SLC2A1. Mutations in RHAG cause the very leaky condition over-hydrated stomatocytosis, and mutations in ABCB6 result in familial pseudohyperkalemia. All of the above are large multi-spanning membrane proteins and the mutations may either modify the structure of these proteins, resulting in formation of a cation pore, or otherwise disrupt the membrane to allow unregulated cation movement across the membrane. More recently mutations have been found in two RBC cation channels, PIEZO1 and KCNN4, which result in dehydrated stomatocytosis. These mutations alter the activation and deactivation kinetics of these channels, leading to increased opening and allowing greater cation fluxes than in wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Mu S, Cui Y, Wang W, Wang L, Xu H, Zhu O, Zhu D. A RHAG point mutation selectively disrupts Rh antigen expression. Transfus Med 2018; 29:121-127. [PMID: 29508504 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise a novel mutation in the gene encoding RhAG in order to elucidate a molecular mechanism for Rh antigen expression and spherocytosis. BACKGROUND Rhesus-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) is critical for maintaining the structure and stability of erythrocytes. Single missense mutations in the gene encoding RhAG are sufficient to induce spherocytosis and deficiencies in Rh complex formation. We report a novel missense mutation that incompletely disrupts Rh antigen expression and selectively knocks out RhD antigen expression. METHODS Blood samples were taken from a 38-year-old male, his brother, his wife and his daughter in Xi'an, China. To detect the proband's RhAG and D antigen expression, the RBC were stained with anti-D and anti-RhAG and analysed by flow cytometry. Red blood cell morphology was detected with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples, and the RHD, RHCE and RHAG alleles were sequenced and analysed. The mutation was mapped onto a predicted crystal structure of RhAG by the I-TASSER server and visualised using PyMOL. RESULTS Morphological testing by AFM found clear evidence of spherocytosis in the proband's erythrocytes. RHAG gene sequencing identified the mutation at sequence 236G > A, resulting in a serine to asparagine substitution at residue 79 (S79N). Family survey indicated that inheriting this allele is necessary and sufficient to cause the condition. Mapping the mutation onto a predicted crystal structure of RhAG revealed the proximity of the mutation to the critical structural elements of the protein. CONCLUSIONS A novel RHAG mutation significantly lowers RhAG antigen expression and antigen-mediated agglutination intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Cui
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Xu
- Shanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, China
| | - O Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D Zhu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Tian L, Xu H, Xiao J, Ying B. A novel nucleotide deletion in RHAG allele identified in a Chinese Rh null individual. Transfusion 2017; 58:826-827. [PMID: 29266289 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Department of Blood Immunology, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Transfusion, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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15
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de Moura Neto JP, Cerqueira BAV, Santos WVB, Lyra IM, Goncalves MS. The DAU Allele and Anti-D Alloimmunization Present With High Frequency in Brazilian Sickle Cell Disease Patients. J Hematol 2017; 6:73-80. [PMID: 32300397 PMCID: PMC7155847 DOI: 10.14740/jh316w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antigens DIIIa, DAR and DAU are common in people of African descent and are involved in anti-D alloimmunization. Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients frequently need blood therapy and are vulnerable to alloimmunization. Methods The study included SCD patients from the Brazilian state of Bahia, which has the highest incidence of the disease in Brazil; 241 SCD patients and 220 healthy individuals were studied. Alleles were characterized by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP techniques. Results The DAU allele was found in 22.3% (43/193) of the SCD patients. Two (1%) patients had the DIIIa/D wild-type genotype, one (0.5%) had the DIIIa/D- genotype, 11 (5.7%) had the DAR/D wild-type genotype and three (1.6%) had the DAR/D- genotype. Two patients were positive for the 667T>G mutation and the 1136C>T mutation, one (0.5%) had the genotype DIIIa/DAU, and one (0.5%) had the genotype DAR/DAU. Conclusion There was statistical significance when the allele frequencies were evaluated among SCD, sickle cell anemia (HbSS) patients and healthy individuals. The frequencies of the DIIIa, DAR and DAU alleles among SCD patients differ from those of healthy individuals from the same population, and a high frequency of the DAU variant was associated with anti-D alloimmunization in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz - Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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16
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Ratnikova NM, Lezhnin YN, Frolova EI, Kravchenko JE, Chumakov SP. CD47 receptor as a primary target for cancer therapy. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Hou L, Yan QD, Tian L. A novel nonsense mutation in RHAG gene responsible for Rh null phenotype in a Chinese individual. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:220-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Ewald DR, Sumner SCJ. Blood type biochemistry and human disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:517-535. [PMID: 27599872 PMCID: PMC5061611 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Associations between blood type and disease have been studied since the early 1900s when researchers determined that antibodies and antigens are inherited. In the 1950s, the chemical identification of the carbohydrate structure of surface antigens led to the understanding of biosynthetic pathways. The blood type is defined by oligosaccharide structures, which are specific to the antigens, thus, blood group antigens are secondary gene products, while the primary gene products are various glycosyltransferase enzymes that attach the sugar molecules to the oligosaccharide chain. Blood group antigens are found on red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, plasma proteins, certain tissues, and various cell surface enzymes, and also exist in soluble form in body secretions such as breast milk, seminal fluid, saliva, sweat, gastric secretions, urine, and amniotic fluid. Recent advances in technology, biochemistry, and genetics have clarified the functional classifications of human blood group antigens, the structure of the A, B, H, and Lewis determinants and the enzymes that produce them, and the association of blood group antigens with disease risks. Further research to identify differences in the biochemical composition of blood group antigens, and the relationship to risks for disease, can be important for the identification of targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies, or the identification of druggable targets. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:517-535. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1355 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rose Ewald
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Susan C J Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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19
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Badens C, Guizouarn H. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the red cell volume disorders. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:674-85. [PMID: 27353637 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic defects of erythrocyte transport proteins cause disorders of red blood cell volume that are characterized by abnormal permeability to the cations Na(+) and K(+) and, consequently, by changes in red cell hydration. Clinically, these disorders are associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia of variable severity and significant co-morbidities, such as iron overload. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the molecular basis of this group of rare anaemias involving cation channels and transporters dysfunction. To date, a total of 5 different membrane proteins have been reported to be responsible for volume homeostasis alteration when mutated, 3 of them leading to overhydrated cells (AE1 [also termed SLC4A1], RHAG and GLUT1 [also termed SCL2A1) and 2 others to dehydrated cells (PIEZO1 and the Gardos Channel). These findings are not only of basic scientific interest, but also of direct clinical significance for improving diagnostic procedures and identify potential approaches for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Badens
- APHM Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100 Nice, France
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20
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Satchwell TJ, Bell AJ, Hawley BR, Pellegrin S, Mordue KE, van Deursen CTBM, Braak NHT, Huls G, Leers MPG, Overwater E, Tamminga RYJ, van der Zwaag B, Fermo E, Bianchi P, van Wijk R, Toye AM. Severe Ankyrin-R deficiency results in impaired surface retention and lysosomal degradation of RhAG in human erythroblasts. Haematologica 2016; 101:1018-27. [PMID: 27247322 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.146209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin-R provides a key link between band 3 and the spectrin cytoskeleton that helps to maintain the highly specialized erythrocyte biconcave shape. Ankyrin deficiency results in fragile spherocytic erythrocytes with reduced band 3 and protein 4.2 expression. We use in vitro differentiation of erythroblasts transduced with shRNAs targeting ANK1 to generate erythroblasts and reticulocytes with a novel ankyrin-R 'near null' human phenotype with less than 5% of normal ankyrin expression. Using this model, we demonstrate that absence of ankyrin negatively impacts the reticulocyte expression of a variety of proteins, including band 3, glycophorin A, spectrin, adducin and, more strikingly, protein 4.2, CD44, CD47 and Rh/RhAG. Loss of band 3, which fails to form tetrameric complexes in the absence of ankyrin, alongside GPA, occurs due to reduced retention within the reticulocyte membrane during erythroblast enucleation. However, loss of RhAG is temporally and mechanistically distinct, occurring predominantly as a result of instability at the plasma membrane and lysosomal degradation prior to enucleation. Loss of Rh/RhAG was identified as common to erythrocytes with naturally occurring ankyrin deficiency and demonstrated to occur prior to enucleation in cultures of erythroblasts from a hereditary spherocytosis patient with severe ankyrin deficiency but not in those exhibiting milder reductions in expression. The identification of prominently reduced surface expression of Rh/RhAG in combination with direct evaluation of ankyrin expression using flow cytometry provides an efficient and rapid approach for the categorization of hereditary spherocytosis arising from ankyrin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Bethan R Hawley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Stephanie Pellegrin
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Kathryn E Mordue
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathie P G Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Atrium Medical Center Parkstad, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Overwater
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Y J Tamminga
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Beatrix Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Zwaag
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Fermo
- Oncohematology Unit - Physiopathology of Anemias Unit, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Oncohematology Unit - Physiopathology of Anemias Unit, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Laboratory for Red Blood Cell Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, UK
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21
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Satchwell TJ, Bell AJ, Toye AM. The sorting of blood group active proteins during enucleation. ISBT SCIENCE SERIES 2015; 10:163-168. [PMID: 26640516 PMCID: PMC4668593 DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Enucleation represents the critical stage during red blood cell development when the nucleus is extruded from an orthochromatic erythroblast in order to generate a nascent immature reticulocyte. Extrusion of the nucleus results in loss of a proportion of the erythroblast plasma membrane, which surrounds the nucleus, the bulk of the endoplasmic reticulum and a small region of cytoplasm. For this reason enucleation provides an important point in erythroblast differentiation at which proteins not required for the function of the erythrocyte can be lost, whilst those that are important for the structure-function properties of the mature erythrocyte must be efficiently retained in the reticulocyte plasma membrane. Disturbances in protein distribution during enucleation are envisaged to occur during human diseases such as Hereditary Spherocytosis. This article will discuss the current knowledge of erythroblast enucleation in the context of retention and loss of proteins that display antigenic blood group sites and that exist within multiprotein complexes within the erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD
- Bristol Institute of Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol
| | - Amanda J. Bell
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD
| | - Ashley M. Toye
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD
- Bristol Institute of Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol
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22
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Silvy M, Beley S, Peyrard T, Ouchari M, Abdelkefi S, Jemni Yacoub S, Chiaroni J, Bailly P. Short duplication within theRHCEgene associated with an in cis deletedRHDcausing a Rhnullamorph phenotype in an immunized pregnant woman with anti-Rh29. Transfusion 2014; 55:1407-10. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Silvy
- Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée; Marseille France
- UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université-EFS-CNRS; Marseille France
| | - Sophie Beley
- Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée; Marseille France
- UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université-EFS-CNRS; Marseille France
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Département Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS); Paris France
| | - Mouna Ouchari
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine; Unité de Recherche UR12SP26; Sousse Tunisia
| | - Saadia Abdelkefi
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine; Unité de Recherche UR12SP26; Sousse Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jemni Yacoub
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine; Unité de Recherche UR12SP26; Sousse Tunisia
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée; Marseille France
- UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université-EFS-CNRS; Marseille France
| | - Pascal Bailly
- Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée; Marseille France
- UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université-EFS-CNRS; Marseille France
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23
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Gómez-Torreiro E, Eiras-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Calvo MI, Muñiz-Díaz E, Nogués N, López M, Garaizar A, Ochoa-Garay G. Rh-null phenotype caused by a completeRHAGdeletion. Transfusion 2014; 55:197-8. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Nakhoul NL, Lee Hamm L. The challenge of determining the role of Rh glycoproteins in transport of NH3and NH4+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wmts.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazih L. Nakhoul
- Department of Physiology; Tulane University Medical School; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology; Tulane University Medical School; New Orleans LA USA
| | - L. Lee Hamm
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology; Tulane University Medical School; New Orleans LA USA
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25
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Goossens D, da Silva N, Metral S, Cortes U, Callebaut I, Picot J, Mouro-Chanteloup I, Cartron JP. Mice expressing RHAG and RHD human blood group genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80460. [PMID: 24260394 PMCID: PMC3832391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-RhD prophylaxis of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is highly effective, but as the suppressive mechanism remains uncertain, a mouse model would be of interest. Here we have generated transgenic mice expressing human RhAG and RhD erythrocyte membrane proteins in the presence and, for human RhAG, in the absence, of mouse Rhag. Human RhAG associates with mouse Rh but not mouse Rhag on red blood cells. In Rhag knockout mice transgenic for human RHAG, the mouse Rh protein is “rescued” (re-expressed), and co-immunoprecipitates with human RhAG, indicating the presence of hetero-complexes which associate mouse and human proteins. RhD antigen was expressed from a human RHD gene on a BAC or from RHD cDNA under control of β-globin regulatory elements. RhD was never observed alone, strongly indicative that its expression absolutely depends on the presence of transgenic human RhAG. This first expression of RhD in mice is an important step in the creation of a mouse model of RhD allo-immunisation and HDFN, in conjunction with the Rh-Rhag knockout mice we have developed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Goossens
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR_S 665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Nelly da Silva
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Metral
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Cortes
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- IInstitut de Minéralogie et de Physique des milieux Condensés UMR 7590 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Picot
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR_S 665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR_S 665, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris, France
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26
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Characteristics of mammalian Rh glycoproteins (SLC42 transporters) and their role in acid-base transport. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:629-37. [PMID: 23506896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Rh glycoproteins belong to the solute transporter family SLC42 and include RhAG, present in red blood cells, and two non-erythroid members RhBG and RhCG that are expressed in various tissues, including kidney, liver, skin and the GI tract. The Rh proteins in the red blood cell form an "Rh complex" made up of one D-subunit, one CE-subunit and two RhAG subunits. The Rh complex has a well-known antigenic effect but also contributes to the stability of the red cell membrane. RhBG and RhCG are related to the NH4(+) transporters of the yeast and bacteria but their exact function is yet to be determined. This review describes the expression and molecular properties of these membrane proteins and their potential role as NH3/NH4(+) and CO2 transporters. The likelihood that these proteins transport gases such as CO2 or NH3 is novel and significant. The review also describes the physiological importance of these proteins and their relevance to human disease.
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27
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CD47: A Cell Surface Glycoprotein Which Regulates Multiple Functions of Hematopoietic Cells in Health and Disease. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:614619. [PMID: 23401787 PMCID: PMC3564380 DOI: 10.1155/2013/614619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their surroundings are important for proper function and homeostasis in a multicellular organism. These interactions can either be established between the cells and molecules in their extracellular milieu, but also involve interactions between cells. In all these situations, proteins in the plasma membranes are critically involved to relay information obtained from the exterior of the cell. The cell surface glycoprotein CD47 (integrin-associated protein (IAP)) was first identified as an important regulator of integrin function, but later also was shown to function in ways that do not necessarily involve integrins. Ligation of CD47 can induce intracellular signaling resulting in cell activation or cell death depending on the exact context. By binding to another cell surface glycoprotein, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), CD47 can regulate the function of cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this spotlight paper, several functions of CD47 will be reviewed, although some functions may be more briefly mentioned. Focus will be on the ways CD47 regulates hematopoietic cells and functions such as CD47 signaling, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of phagocytosis or cell-cell fusion.
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28
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Per-Arne O. Role of CD47 and Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRPα) in Regulating the Clearance of Viable or Aged Blood Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:315-20. [PMID: 23801922 DOI: 10.1159/000342537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The ubiquitously expressed cell surface glycoprotein CD47 is expressed by virtually all cells in the host, where it can function to regulate integrin-mediated responses, or constitute an important part of the erythrocyte band 3/Rh multi-protein complex. In addition, CD47 can protect viable cells from being phagocytosed by macrophages or dendritic cells. The latter mechanism is dependent on the interaction between target cell CD47 and SIRPα on the phagocyte. In this context, SIRPα functions to inhibit prophagocytic signaling from Fcγ receptors, complement receptors, and LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), but not scavenger receptors. The expression level and/or distribution of CD47 may be altered on the surface of apoptotic/senescent cells, rendering the phagocytosis inhibitory function of the CD47/SIRPα interaction reduced or eliminated. Instead, the interaction between these 2 proteins may serve to enhance the binding of apoptotic/senescent target cells to the phagocyte to promote phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldenborg Per-Arne
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Histology and Cell Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Mankelow TJ, Satchwell TJ, Burton NM. Refined views of multi-protein complexes in the erythrocyte membrane. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:1-10. [PMID: 22465511 PMCID: PMC4443426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The erythrocyte membrane has been extensively studied, both as a model membrane system and to investigate its role in gas exchange and transport. Much is now known about the protein components of the membrane, how they are organised into large multi-protein complexes and how they interact with each other within these complexes. Many links between the membrane and the cytoskeleton have also been delineated and have been demonstrated to be crucial for maintaining the deformability and integrity of the erythrocyte. In this study we have refined previous, highly speculative molecular models of these complexes by including the available data pertaining to known protein-protein interactions. While the refined models remain highly speculative, they provide an evolving framework for visualisation of these important cellular structures at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood & Transplant, UK
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30
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Flatt JF, Musa RH, Ayob Y, Hassan A, Asidin N, Yahya NM, Mathlouthi R, Thornton N, Anstee DJ, Bruce LJ. Study of the D-- phenotype reveals erythrocyte membrane alterations in the absence of RHCE. Br J Haematol 2012; 158:262-273. [PMID: 22571328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Red cells with the D-- phenotype do not express the RHCE protein because of mutations in both alleles of the RHCE gene. At present, little is known of the effect this has on the normal function of erythrocytes. In this study a group of five families belonging to a nomadic tribe in Malaysia were identified as carriers of the D-- haplotype. Analysis of homozygous individuals' genomic DNA showed two separate novel mutations. In four of the families, RHCE exons 1, 9 and 10 were present, while the 5th family possessed RHCE exons 1-3 and 10. Analysis of cDNA revealed hybrid transcripts, suggesting a gene conversion event with RHD, consistent with previously reported D-- mutations. Immunoblotting analysis of D-- erythrocyte membrane proteins found that Rh-associated glycoprotein (RHAG) migrates with altered electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, consistent with increased glycosylation. Total amounts of Rh polypeptide in D-- membranes were comparable with controls, indicating that the exalted D antigen displayed by D-- red cells may be associated with altered surface epitope presentation. The adhesion molecules CD44 and CD47 are significantly reduced in D--. Together these results suggest that absence of RHCE polypeptide alters the structure and packing of the band 3/Rh macrocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Rozi H Musa
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Ayob
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afifah Hassan
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhanim Asidin
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul M Yahya
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosalind Mathlouthi
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole Thornton
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
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31
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Silvy M, Chapel-Fernandes S, Callebaut I, Beley S, Durousseau C, Simon S, Lauroua P, Dubosc-Marchenay N, Babault C, Mouchet C, Ferrera V, Chiaroni J, Bailly P. Characterization of novel RHD alleles: relationship between phenotype, genotype, and trimeric architecture. Transfusion 2012; 52:2020-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Genetet S, Ripoche P, Picot J, Bigot S, Delaunay J, Armari-Alla C, Colin Y, Mouro-Chanteloup I. Human RhAG ammonia channel is impaired by the Phe65Ser mutation in overhydrated stomatocytic red cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C419-28. [PMID: 22012326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00092.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In red cells, Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) acts as an ammonia channel, as demonstrated by stopped-flow analysis of ghost intracellular pH (pH(i)) changes. Recently, overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (OHSt), a rare dominantly inherited hemolytic anemia, was found to be associated with a mutation (Phe65Ser or Ile61Arg) in RHAG. Ghosts from the erythrocytes of four of the OHSt patients with a Phe65Ser mutation were resealed with a pH-sensitive probe and submitted to ammonium gradients. Alkalinization rate constants, reflecting NH(3) transport through the channel and NH(3) diffusion unmediated by RhAG, were deduced from time courses of fluorescence changes. After subtraction of the constant value found for Rh(null) lacking RhAG, we observed that alkalinization rate constant values decreased ∼50% in OHSt compared with those of controls. Similar RhAG expression levels were found in control and OHSt. Since half of the expressed RhAG in OHSt most probably corresponds to the mutated form of RhAG, as expected from the OHSt heterozygous status, this dramatic decrease can be therefore related to the loss of function of the Phe65Ser-mutated RhAG monomer.
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Hsu K, Lee TY, Chao HP, Chan YS, Lin YC, Lin M. Expression of the Rh/RhAG complex is reduced in Mi.III erythrocytes. Vox Sang 2011; 102:221-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Tian L, Song N, Yao ZQ, Huang M, Hou L. A family study of the Chinese Rhnull individual of the regulator type: a novel single missense mutation identified in RHAG gene. Transfusion 2011; 51:2686-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Critical band 3 multiprotein complex interactions establish early during human erythropoiesis. Blood 2011; 118:182-191. [PMID: 21527529 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-10-314187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Band 3, the major anion transport protein of human erythrocytes, forms the core of a multiprotein complex in the erythrocyte membrane. Here we studied the spatiotemporal mechanisms of band 3 multiprotein complex assembly during erythropoiesis. Significant pools of intracellular band 3 and Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) were found in the basophilic erythroblast. These intracellular pools decreased in the polychromatic erythroblast, whereas surface expression increased and were lowest in the orthochromatic erythroblast and reticulocytes. Protease treatment of intact cells to remove extracellular epitopes recognized by antibodies to band 3 and RhAG was used to study surface delivery kinetics and intracellular complex composition from the proerythroblast stage to the enucleated reticulocyte. Newly synthesized band 3 and protein 4.2 interact initially in the early stages of the secretory pathway and are found associated at the plasma membrane from the basophilic stage of erythropoiesis. Although we could successfully coimmunoprecipitate Rh with RhAG from plasma membrane pools at a similar stage, no intracellular interaction between these proteins was detectable. Knockdown of RhAG during early erythropoiesis was accompanied by a concomitant drop in membrane expression of Rh polypeptides. These data are consistent with assembly of major components of the band 3 macrocomplex at an early stage during erythropoiesis.
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36
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Abstract
Antigens of 23 of the 30 human blood group systems are defined by the amino acid sequence of red cell membrane proteins. The antigens of DI, RH, RHAG, MNS, GE and CO systems are carried on blood group-active proteins (Band 3, D and CE polypeptides, RhAG, Glycophorins A and B, Glycophorins C and D and Aquaporin 1, respectively) which are expressed at high levels (>200,000 copies/red cell). These major proteins contribute to essential red cell functions either directly as membrane transporters and by providing linkage to the underlying red cell skeleton or by facilitating the membrane assembly of the protein complexes involved in these processes. The proteins expressing antigens of the remaining 17 blood group systems are much less abundant (<20,000 copies/red cell) and their functional importance for the circulating red cell is largely unknown. Human gene knock-outs (null phenotypes) have been described for many of these minor blood group-active proteins, but only absence of Kx glycoprotein has been clearly linked with pathology directly related to the function of circulating red cells. Recent evidence suggesting the normal quality control system for glycoprotein synthesis is altered during the latter stages of red cell production raises the possibility that many of these low abundance blood group-active proteins are vestigial. In sickle cell disease and polycythaemia vera, elevated Lutheran glycoprotein expression may contribute to pathology. Dyserythropoiesis with reduced antigen expression can result from mutations in the erythroid transcription factors GATA-1 and EKLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK.
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37
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38
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van den Akker E, Satchwell TJ, Williamson RC, Toye AM. Band 3 multiprotein complexes in the red cell membrane; of mice and men. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 45:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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39
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van den Akker E, Satchwell TJ, Pellegrin S, Flatt JF, Maigre M, Daniels G, Delaunay J, Bruce LJ, Toye AM. Investigating the key membrane protein changes during in vitro erythropoiesis of protein 4.2 (-) cells (mutations Chartres 1 and 2). Haematologica 2010; 95:1278-86. [PMID: 20179084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.021063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein 4.2 deficiency caused by mutations in the EPB42 gene results in hereditary spherocytosis with characteristic alterations of CD47, CD44 and RhAG. We decided to investigate at which stage of erythropoiesis these hallmarks of protein 4.2 deficiency arise in a novel protein 4.2 patient and whether they cause disruption to the band 3 macrocomplex. DESIGN AND METHODS We used immunoprecipitations and detergent extractability to assess the strength of protein associations within the band 3 macrocomplex and with the cytoskeleton in erythrocytes. Patient erythroblasts were cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to study the effects of protein 4.2 deficiency during erythropoiesis. RESULTS We report a patient with two novel mutations in EPB42 resulting in complete protein 4.2 deficiency. Immunoprecipitations revealed a weakened ankyrin-1-band 3 interaction in erythrocytes resulting in increased band 3 detergent extractability. CD44 abundance and its association with the cytoskeleton were increased. Erythroblast differentiation revealed that protein 4.2 and band 3 appear simultaneously and associate early in differentiation. Protein 4.2 deficiency results in lower CD47, higher CD44 expression and increased RhAG glycosylation starting from the basophilic stage. The normal downregulation of CD44 expression was not seen during protein 4.2(-) erythroblast differentiation. Knockdown of CD47 did not increase CD44 expression, arguing against a direct reciprocal relationship. CONCLUSIONS We have established that the characteristic changes caused by protein 4.2 deficiency occur early during erythropoiesis. We postulate that weakening of the ankyrin-1-band 3 association during protein 4.2 deficiency is compensated, in part, by increased CD44-cytoskeleton binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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40
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Mouro-Chanteloup I, Cochet S, Chami M, Genetet S, Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Engel A, Colin Y, Bertrand O, Ripoche P. Functional reconstitution into liposomes of purified human RhCG ammonia channel. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8921. [PMID: 20126667 PMCID: PMC2812482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rh glycoproteins (RhAG, RhBG, RhCG) are members of the Amt/Mep/Rh family which facilitate movement of ammonium across plasma membranes. Changes in ammonium transport activity following expression of Rh glycoproteins have been described in different heterologous systems such as yeasts, oocytes and eukaryotic cell lines. However, in these complex systems, a potential contribution of endogenous proteins to this function cannot be excluded. To demonstrate that Rh glycoproteins by themselves transport NH(3), human RhCG was purified to homogeneity and reconstituted into liposomes, giving new insights into its channel functional properties. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An HA-tag introduced in the second extracellular loop of RhCG was used to purify to homogeneity the HA-tagged RhCG glycoprotein from detergent-solubilized recombinant HEK293E cells. Electron microscopy analysis of negatively stained purified RhCG-HA revealed, after image processing, homogeneous particles of 9 nm diameter with a trimeric protein structure. Reconstitution was performed with sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid lipids in the presence of the C(12)E(8) detergent which was subsequently removed by Biobeads. Control of protein incorporation was carried out by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Particle density in liposomes was a function of the Lipid/Protein ratio. When compared to empty liposomes, ammonium permeability was increased two and three fold in RhCG-proteoliposomes, depending on the Lipid/Protein ratio (1/300 and 1/150, respectively). This strong NH(3) transport was reversibly inhibited by mercuric and copper salts and exhibited a low Arrhenius activation energy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study allowed the determination of ammonia permeability per RhCG monomer, showing that the apparent Punit(NH3) (around 1x10(-3) microm(3)xs(-1)) is close to the permeability measured in HEK293E cells expressing a recombinant human RhCG (1.60x10(-3) microm(3)xs(-1)), and in human red blood cells endogenously expressing RhAG (2.18x10(-3) microm(3)xs(-1)). The major finding of this study is that RhCG protein is active as an NH(3) channel and that this function does not require any protein partner.
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41
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Goossens D, Trinh-Trang-Tan MM, Debbia M, Ripoche P, Vilela-Lamego C, Louache F, Vainchenker W, Colin Y, Cartron JP. Generation and characterisation of Rhd and Rhag null mice. Br J Haematol 2009; 148:161-72. [PMID: 19807729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mouse Rhd* and Rhag* genes were targeted using insertional vectors; the resulting knockout mice, and double-knockout descendants, were analysed. Rhag glycoprotein deficiency entailed defective assembly of the erythroid Rh complex with complete loss of Rh and intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (ICAM-4), but not CD47, expression. Absence of the Rh protein induced a loss of ICAM-4, and only a moderate reduction of Rhag expression. Double knockout phenotype was similar to that of Rhag targeted mice. Rhd and Rhag deficient mice exhibited neither the equivalent of human Rh(null) haemolytic anaemia nor any clinical or cellular abnormalities. Rhd-/- and Rhag-/- erythrocytes showed decreased basal adhesion to an endothelial cell line resulting from defective ICAM-4 membrane expression. There was no difference in recovery from phenylhydrazine-induced haematopoietic stress for double knockout mice as compared to controls, suggesting that ICAM-4 might be dispensable during stress erythropoiesis. Ammonia and methylammonia transport in erythrocytes was severely impaired in Rhag-/- but only slightly in Rhd-/- animals that significantly expressed Rhag, supporting the view that RhAG and Rhag, but not Rh, may act as ammonium transporters in human and mouse erythrocytes. These knockout mice should prove useful for further dissecting the physiological roles of Rh and Rhag proteins in the red cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Goossens
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6 rue Alexandre Cabanel, Paris, France.
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42
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Lin Y, Pavenski K, Saidenberg E, Branch DR. Blood Group Antigens and Normal Red Blood Cell Physiology: A Canadian Blood Services Research and Development Symposium. Transfus Med Rev 2009; 23:292-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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43
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Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Callebaut I, Genetet S, Le Van Kim C, Cartron JP, Colin Y, Ripoche P, Mouro-Chanteloup I. Functional analysis of human RhCG: comparison with E. coli ammonium transporter reveals similarities in the pore and differences in the vestibule. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C537-47. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00137.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rh glycoproteins are members of the ammonium transporter (Amt)/methylamine permease (Mep)/Rh family facilitating movement of NH3 across plasma membranes. Homology models constructed on the basis of the experimental structures of Escherichia coli AmtB and Nitrosomonas europaea Rh50 indicated a channel structure for human RhA (RhAG), RhB (RhBG), and RhC (RhCG) glycoproteins in which external and internal vestibules are linked by a pore containing two strictly conserved histidines. The pore entry is constricted by two highly conserved phenylalanines, “twin-Phe.” In this study, RhCG function was investigated by stopped-flow spectrofluorometry measuring kinetic pH variations in HEK293E cells in the presence of an ammonium gradient. The apparent unitary NH3 permeability of RhCG was determined and was found to be close to that of AmtB. With a site-directed mutagenesis approach, critical residues involved in Rh NH3 channel activity were highlighted. In the external vestibule, the importance of both the charge and the conformation of the conserved aspartic acid was shown. In contrast to AmtB, individual mutations of each phenylalanine of the twin-Phe impaired the function while the removal of both resulted in recovery of the transport activity. The impact of the mutations suggests that, although having a common function and a similar channel structure, bacterial AmtB and human Rh vary in several aspects of the NH3 transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedjma Zidi-Yahiaoui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7590, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris France
| | - Sandrine Genetet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
| | - Jean-Pierre Cartron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
| | - Yves Colin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
| | - Pierre Ripoche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S665,
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine,
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, and
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44
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Satchwell TJ, Shoemark DK, Sessions RB, Toye AM. Protein 4.2 : A complex linker. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 42:201-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Abstract
The molecular background of blood group antigen expression of the major clinically significant blood group antigens has been largely accomplished. Despite this large body of work, blood group phenotype prediction by genotyping has a marginal supporting role in the routine blood bank. It has however had a major impact in the prenatal determination of fetal blood group status in the management of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. In the past few years several high throughput systems have been in development that have the potential capacity to perform genotyping on a mass scale. Such systems have been designed for use on donor- and patient-derived DNA and provide much more comprehensive information regarding an individuals blood group than is possible by using serological methods alone. DNA-based typing methodology is easier to standardize than serology and has the potential to replace it as a front line diagnostic in blood banks. This review overviews the current situation in this area and attempts to predict how blood group genotyping will evolve in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Avent
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine and UWE, Bristol Genomics Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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46
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Abstract
Hereditary spherocytosis is a common inherited disorder that is characterised by anaemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. It is reported worldwide and is the most common inherited anaemia in individuals of northern European ancestry. Clinical severity is variable with most patients having a well-compensated haemolytic anaemia. Some individuals are asymptomatic, whereas others have severe haemolytic anaemia requiring erythrocyte transfusion. The primary lesion in hereditary spherocytosis is loss of membrane surface area, leading to reduced deformability due to defects in the membrane proteins ankyrin, band 3, beta spectrin, alpha spectrin, or protein 4.2. Many isolated mutations have been identified in the genes encoding these membrane proteins; common hereditary spherocytosis-associated mutations have not been identified. Abnormal spherocytes are trapped and destroyed in the spleen and this is the main cause of haemolysis in this disorder. Common complications are cholelithiasis, haemolytic episodes, and aplastic crises. Splenectomy is curative but should be undertaken only after careful assessment of the risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Paediatrics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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47
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Sohet F, Colin Y, Genetet S, Ripoche P, Métral S, Le Van Kim C, Lopez C. Phosphorylation and ankyrin-G binding of the C-terminal domain regulate targeting and function of the ammonium transporter RhBG. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:26557-67. [PMID: 18635543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RhBG, a human member of the Amt/Mep/Rh/superfamily of ammonium transporters, has been shown to facilitate NH(3) transport and to be anchored to the basolateral plasma membrane of kidney epithelial cells, via ankyrin-G. We showed here that triple alanine substitution of the (419)FLD(421) sequence, which links the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of RhBG to ankyrin-G, not only disrupted the interaction of RhBG with the spectrin-based skeleton but also delayed its cell surface expression, decreased its plasma membrane stability, and abolished its NH(3) transport function in epithelial cell lines. Similarly, we demonstrated that both anchoring to the membrane skeleton and ammonium transport activity are regulated by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal tail of RhBG. Tyrosine 429, which belongs to the previously reported YED basolateral targeting signal of RhBG, was demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro using purified Src and Syk kinases and ex vivo by analyzing the effect of pervanadate treatment on wild-type RhBG or Y429A mutants. Then, we showed that Y429D and Y429E mutations, mimicking constitutive phosphorylation, abolished NH(3) transport and enhanced Triton X-100 solubilization of RhBG from the cell membrane. In contrast, the nonphosphorylated/nonphosphorylatable Y429A and Y429F mutants behaved the same as wild-type RhBG. Conversely, Y/A or Y/F but not Y/E or Y/D mutations of residue 429 abolished the exclusive basolateral localization of RhBG in polarized epithelial cells. All these results led to a model in which targeting and ammonium transport function of RhBG are regulated by both phosphorylation and membrane skeleton binding of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sohet
- INSERM, U665, Paris F-75015, the Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6 Rue Alexandre Cabanel, Paris F-75015, France
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48
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Abstract
Studies during the last three decades have enabled the development of detailed molecular insights into the structural basis of altered function in various inherited red cell membrane disorders. This review highlights our current understanding of molecular and mechanistic insights into various inherited red cell membrane disorders involving either altered membrane structural organization (hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary ovalocytosis) or altered membrane transport function (hereditary stomatocytosis). The molecular basis for the vast majority of cases of hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis and ovalocytosis have been fully defined while little progress has been made in defining the molecular basis for hereditary stomatocytosis. Mutations in a number of distinct genes account for hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis, while a single genetic defect accounts for all cases of hereditary ovalocytosis. Based on these molecular insights, a comprehensive understanding of the structural basis for altered membrane function has been developed. Loss of vertical linkage between membrane skeleton and lipid bilayer leads to membrane loss in hereditary spherocytosis, while weakening of lateral linkages between skeletal proteins leads to membrane fragmentation and surface area loss in hereditary elliptocytosis. Importantly, the severity of anaemia in both these disorders is directly related to extent of membrane surface area loss. Splenectomy results in amelioration of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli An
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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49
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Ahrens N, Pruss A, Mayer B, Genth R, Kiesewetter H, Salama A. Association between alloantibody specificity and autoantibodies to red blood cells. Transfusion 2007; 48:20-4. [PMID: 17944798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alloantibodies (ALLOs) to red blood cells (RBCs) are frequently associated with autoantibodies (AABs). An association between ALLO specificity and AABs has not yet been described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS All patients and healthy blood donors screened for RBC antibodies between 2000 and 2006 were included. The odds ratio (OR) for ALLOs in patients with AABs compared to those without AABs was correlated with the OR of general ALLO prevalence in patients with AABs (normalized OR). RESULTS ALLOs were found in 4,626 of 204,330 patients and healthy blood donors (2.3%). The ALLOs were associated with AABs in 413 cases (8.9%). Among the specificities, anti-S with a normalized OR of 2.9 was overrepresented. This was most evident in pregnant women who showed a normalized OR of 15.1 for anti-S and AABs. The normalized OR revealed an additional association between Rh antibodies and AABs. No association was found between ALLOs to the Kell glycoprotein, Duffy protein, Lewis, or glycophorin A (M/N) and AABs. CONCLUSION The majority of associated ALLOs and AABs are directed against neighboring antigens of the Rh complex and glycophorin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Ahrens
- Labor 28 and the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Endeward V, Cartron JP, Ripoche P, Gros G. RhAG protein of the Rhesus complex is a CO2channel in the human red cell membrane. FASEB J 2007; 22:64-73. [PMID: 17712059 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9097com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have determined CO2 permeabilities, P(CO2), of red cells of normal human blood and of blood deficient in various blood group proteins by a previously described mass spectrometric technique. While P(CO2) of normal red cells is approximately 0.15 cm/s, we find in red blood cells (RBCs) lacking the Rh protein complex (Rh(null)) a significantly reduced P(CO2) of 0.07 cm/s +/-0.02 cm/s (P<0.02). This value is similar to the value we have reported previously for RBCs lacking aquaporin-1 protein (AQP-1(null)), suggesting that each of the Rh and AQP-1 proteins is responsible for approximately 1/2 of the normal CO2 permeability of the RBC membrane. Four other blood group deficiencies tested lack diverse membrane proteins but exhibit normal CO2 permeability. The CO2 pathway constituted by Rh proteins was inhibitable at pH(e)= 7.4 by NH4Cl with an I50 of approximately 10 mM corresponding to an I50 for NH3 of approximately 0.3 mM. The pathway independent of Rh proteins, presumably that constituted by AQP-1, was not inhibitable by NH4Cl/NH3. However, both pathways were strongly inhibited by DIDS, which accounts for the marked inhibitory effect of DIDS on normal P(CO2), while in contrast another AE1 inhibitor, DiBAC, does not inhibit P(CO2), although it markedly reduces P(HCO3-). We conclude that Rh protein, presumably the Rh-associated glycoprotein RhAG, possesses a gas channel that allows passage of CO2 in addition to NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Endeward
- Abt. Vegetative Physiologie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623-Hannover, Germany
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