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Nakamori H, Niimi A, Mitsui R, Hashitani H. Lipopolysaccharide accelerates peristalsis by stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 release from L cells in the rat proximal colon. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39287487 DOI: 10.1113/jp286258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon epithelial barrier dysfunction, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from enteroendocrine L cells by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Because GLP-1 accelerates peristalsis in the proximal colon, the present study aimed to explore whether LPS facilitates colonic peristalsis by stimulating L cell-derived GLP-1 release. In isolated segments of rat proximal colon that were serosally perfused with physiological salt solution and luminally perfused with 0.9% saline, peristaltic wall motion was video recorded and converted into spatio-temporal maps. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was also carried out. Intraluminal administration of LPS (100 or 1 µg mL-1 but not 100 ng mL-1) increased the frequency of oro-aboral propagating peristaltic contractions. The LPS-induced acceleration of colonic peristalsis was blocked by TAK-242 (the TLR4 antagonist), exendin-3 (the GLP-1 receptor antagonist) or BIBN4096 (the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist). GLP-1-positive epithelial cells co-expressed TLR4 immunoreactivity. In aspirin-pretreated preparations where epithelial barrier function had been impaired, a lower dose of LPS (100 ng mL-1) became capable of accelerating peristalsis. By contrast, luminally applied dimethyl sulphoxide, a reactive oxygen species scavenger that protects epithelial integrity, attenuated the prokinetic effects of a higher dose of LPS (100 µg mL-1). In colonic segments of a stress rat model leading to a leaky gut, LPS induced more pronounced prokinetic effects. Colonic L cells may well sense luminal LPS via TLR4 triggering the release of GLP-1 that stimulates calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing neurons. The resultant acceleration of peristalsis would facilitate excretion of Gram-negative bacteria from the intestine, and thus L cells may have a protective role against intestinal bacterial infections. KEY POINTS: Colonic epithelial cells form a barrier against bacterial invasion but also may contribute more actively to the exclusion of luminal pathogen by stimulating colonic motility. Luminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) accelerated colonic peristalsis by stimulating calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing neurons. The prokinetic effect of LPS was mediated by the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from enteroendocrine L cells in which Toll-like receptor 4 was expressed. The LPS-mediated acceleration of peristalsis depended on epithelial barrier integrity. L cells have a defensive role against Gram-negative bacterial infections by facilitating faecal excretion, and could be a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niimi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Işık M, Özbayer C, Dönmez DB, Erol K, Çolak E, Üstüner MC, Değirmenci İ. Dose-dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against stress-induced ulcer. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38856115 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related diseases are on the rise and stress is one of the common factors that lead to ulcer. Stress-induced mucosal bleeding is a serious complication observed in many critically ill patients. Due to the harmful side effects of proton pump inhibitors, natural and active alternative treatment methods for peptic ulcer treatment that are safe in terms of side effects are an urgent need for human health. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against stress ulcers induced by cold restraint stress in rats. This study was performed in a total of 42 rats, in control group (C), stress group (S), pantoprazol (20 mg kg-1 day-1) group (P), LGG (3 × 108 cfu mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M1), LGG (15 × 108 mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M5) and LGG (30 × 108 mL-1 day-1) + stress group (M10) (each n = 7). Ulceration areas (mm2) were determined quantitatively with ImageJ software. Glucocorticoid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined by ELISA and malondialdehyde levels were determined by spectrophotometric measurement. Histopathological examinations were performed in gastric tissue. RESULTS Therapeutic dose of LGG increased CAT, SOD and GPx levels; prevented excessive activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; reduced ulceration and bleeding in the gastric mucosal layer; and provided stabilization of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS We can suggest that LGG may be beneficial for reducing the negative effects of stress on the body, for protecting against ulcer disease and for reducing or preventing the risk of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in patients staying in intensive care units. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab Işık
- Department of Physiology, Sakarya University, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Özbayer
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Erol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Çolak
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Üstüner
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - İrfan Değirmenci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Belei O, Basaca DG, Olariu L, Pantea M, Bozgan D, Nanu A, Sîrbu I, Mărginean O, Enătescu I. The Interaction between Stress and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1361. [PMID: 38592680 PMCID: PMC10932475 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have seen an exponential increase in incidence, particularly among pediatric patients. Psychological stress is a significant risk factor influencing the disease course. This review assesses the interaction between stress and disease progression, focusing on articles that quantified inflammatory markers in IBD patients exposed to varying degrees of psychological stress. Methods: A systematic narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on the interaction between IBD and stress among adult and pediatric patients, as well as animal subjects. The research involved searching PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases from 2000 to December 2023. Results: The interplay between the intestinal immunity response, the nervous system, and psychological disorders, known as the gut-brain axis, plays a major role in IBD pathophysiology. Various types of stressors alter gut mucosal integrity through different pathways, increasing gut mucosa permeability and promoting bacterial translocation. A denser microbial load in the gut wall emphasizes cytokine production, worsening the disease course. The risk of developing depression and anxiety is higher in IBD patients compared with the general population, and stress is a significant trigger for inducing acute flares of the disease. Conclusions: Further large studies should be conducted to assess the relationship between stressors, psychological disorders, and their impact on the course of IBD. Clinicians involved in the medical care of IBD patients should aim to implement stress reduction practices in addition to pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Belei
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Diana-Georgiana Basaca
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Laura Olariu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Manuela Pantea
- Twelfth Department, Neonatology Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.P.); (I.E.)
| | - Daiana Bozgan
- Clinic of Neonatology, “Pius Brânzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300723 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Anda Nanu
- Third Pediatric Clinic, “Louis Țurcanu” Emergency Children Hospital, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.)
| | - Iuliana Sîrbu
- Third Pediatric Clinic, “Louis Țurcanu” Emergency Children Hospital, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.)
| | - Otilia Mărginean
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Ileana Enătescu
- Twelfth Department, Neonatology Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.P.); (I.E.)
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Madison AA, Bailey MT. Stressed to the Core: Inflammation and Intestinal Permeability Link Stress-Related Gut Microbiota Shifts to Mental Health Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:339-347. [PMID: 38353184 PMCID: PMC10867428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress levels are surging, alongside the incidence of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Perhaps a related phenomenon, especially in urban areas, the human gut contains fewer bacterial species than ever before. Although the functional implications of this absence are unclear, one consequence may be reduced stress resilience. Preclinical and clinical evidence has shown how stress exposure can alter the gut microbiota and their metabolites, affecting host physiology. Also, stress-related shifts in the gut microbiota jeopardize tight junctions of the gut barrier. In this context, bacteria and bacterial products can translocate from the gut to the bloodstream, lymph nodes, and other organs, thereby modifying systemic inflammatory responses. Heightened circulating inflammation can be an etiological factor in stress-related psychiatric disorders, including some cases of depression. In this review, we detail preclinical and clinical evidence that traces these brain-to-gut-to-brain pathways that underlie stress-related psychiatric disorders and potentially affect their responsivity to conventional psychiatric medications. We also review evidence for interventions that modulate the gut microbiota (e.g., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics) to reduce stress responses and psychiatric symptoms. Lastly, we discuss challenges to translation and opportunities for innovations that could impact future psychiatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and the Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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He KY, Lei XY, Zhang L, Wu DH, Li JQ, Lu LY, Laila UE, Cui CY, Xu ZX, Jian YP. Development and management of gastrointestinal symptoms in long-term COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278479. [PMID: 38156008 PMCID: PMC10752947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence reveals that SARS-CoV-2 possesses the capability to disrupt the gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis, resulting in the long-term symptoms such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, and nausea. In the current review, we summarized recent reports regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19 (long COVID) on the gastrointestine. Objective To provide a narrative review of abundant clinical evidence regarding the development and management of long-term GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Results Long-term persistent digestive symptoms are exhibited in a majority of long-COVID patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection of intestinal epithelial cells, cytokine storm, gut dysbiosis, therapeutic drugs, psychological factors and exacerbation of primary underlying diseases lead to long-term GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics are proved to be beneficial in preserving intestinal microecological homeostasis and alleviating GI symptoms. Conclusion Timely diagnosis and treatment of GI symptoms in long-COVID patients hold great significance as they may contribute to the mitigation of severe conditions and ultimately lead to the improvement of outcomes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dan-Hui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li-Yuan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Umm E. Laila
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Cui-Yun Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Akkoca M, Kocaay AF, Tokgoz S, Er S, Duman B, Ayaz T, Kumbasar H, Gokmen D, Koç MA, Kuzu MA. Psychiatric Symptoms, Aggression, and Sexual Dysfunction Among Patients With Benign Anal Conditions. Am Surg 2023; 89:4297-4304. [PMID: 35195473 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221074225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of general psychiatric symptoms, aggression levels, and sexual dysfunction in patients with benign anorectal diseases and compare the results with those of healthy control subjects. METHODS We prospectively enrolled consecutive adult patients who presented for treatment of benign perianal diseases and healthy control subjects between June 2017 and December 2018. All patients had either grade 3 or 4 hemorrhoidal disease or perianal fistula with active discharge who had not undergone previous anorectal surgery. We also included a control group with benign subcutaneous lumps presenting for minor surgery. We used the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Form to evaluate general psychiatric symptoms, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) to evaluate aggression levels, and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale to evaluate sexual dysfunction. RESULTS A total of 563 patients were assessed for eligibility; after exclusions, 94 with anal fistula, 89 with hemorrhoids, and 59 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The groups were similar with regard to age, gender, and educational level. Physical and verbal aggression, anger, and total BPAQ score were significantly higher in patients with perianal fistula than in those with hemorrhoidal disease and healthy control subjects (P < .001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients with perianal fistula have higher levels of aggression than healthy control subjects and those with hemorrhoidal disease. One must bear this in mind during preoperative patient evaluations and obtaining informed consent. Further studies are needed to investigate the reason for this association and potential causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Akkoca
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Akin Firat Kocaay
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Tokgoz
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Er
- Department of General Surgery, Bilkent City Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berker Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Ayaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kumbasar
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Gokmen
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Koç
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ayhan Kuzu
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Xu JQ, Geng ZH, Liu ZQ, Yao L, Zhang ZC, Zhong YS, Zhang YQ, Hu JW, Cai MY, Yao LQ, Li QL, Zhou PH. Landscape of Psychological Profiles in Patients With Esophageal Achalasia. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00613. [PMID: 37440756 PMCID: PMC10684233 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal achalasia (EA) is a chronic esophageal dysmotility disease, of which psychological distress was poorly understood. This study aims to assess the status of psychosocial characteristics in EA and to determine the relationship between psychological distress and EA. METHODS Seventy pairs of age and gender-matched patients with EA and healthy control individuals were prospectively enrolled from December 2019 to April 2020 at our hospital. Demographic, psychosocial, and clinical data were obtained. Psychosocial assessments contained psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-90 Revised), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale-14), and stressful life events (Life Events Scale). Comparison for psychological parameters was made between patients with EA and controls as well as for EA before/after per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to testify the association between psychological distress and achalasia symptoms. RESULTS The mean course and Eckardt score of patients with EA were 4.26 ± 5.11 years and 6.63 ± 2.21, respectively. There was a significant difference between patients with EA and healthy individuals in Global Severity Index ( P = 0.039) and Positive Symptoms Total ( P = 0.041) for Symptom Checklist-90 Revised as well as positive intensity ( P = 0.011) for the Life Events Scale. Somatization ( P < 0.001), anxiety ( P = 0.021), anger-hostility ( P = 0.009), and others (appetite and sleep, P = 0.010) accounted for the most difference. Somatization was positively associated with chest pain ( P = 0.045). Two patients with EA developed recurrence and showed no relationship with psychological status. Psychological status was significantly improved after POEM. DISCUSSION Psychological distress, especially somatization, was more prevalent in patients with EA than healthy controls. POEM seemed able to improve psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Han Geng
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zu-Qiang Liu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chao Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Shi Zhong
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wei Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yan Cai
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qing Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Lin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Hong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
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La Torre D, Van Oudenhove L, Vanuytsel T, Verbeke K. Psychosocial stress-induced intestinal permeability in healthy humans: What is the evidence? Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100579. [PMID: 37842017 PMCID: PMC10569989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An impaired intestinal barrier function can be detrimental to the host as it may allow the translocation of luminal antigens and toxins into the subepithelial tissue and bloodstream. In turn, this may cause local and systemic immune responses and lead to the development of pathologies. In vitro and animal studies strongly suggest that psychosocial stress is one of the factors that can increase intestinal permeability via mast-cell dependent mechanisms. Remarkably, studies have not been able to yield unequivocal evidence that such relation between stress and intestinal permeability also exists in (healthy) humans. In the current Review, we discuss the mechanisms that are involved in stress-induced intestinal permeability changes and postulate factors that influence these alterations and that may explain the translational difficulties from in vitro and animal to human studies. As human research differs highly from animal research in the extent to which stress can be applied and intestinal permeability can be measured, it remains difficult to draw conclusions about the presence of a relation between stress and intestinal permeability in (healthy) humans. Future studies should bear in mind these difficulties, and more research into in vivo methods to assess intestinal permeability are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique La Torre
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nass BYS, Dibbets P, Markus CR. The Impact of Psychotrauma and Emotional Stress Vulnerability on Physical and Mental Functioning of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6976. [PMID: 37947534 PMCID: PMC10648781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic health condition thought to be influenced by personal life experiences and emotional stress sensitivity (neuroticism). In the present study, we examined the impact of cumulative trauma experiences and trait neuroticism (as a measure for emotional stress vulnerability) on physical and mental functioning of n = 211 patients diagnosed with IBD (112 Crohn's disease, 99 ulcerative colitis). All patients were assessed for self-reported trauma histories, emotional stress vulnerability, clinical disease activity, functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and quality of life. Results showed that patients with severe IBD activity have endured significantly more interpersonal trauma and victimization than those with quiescent IBD. Moreover, cumulative trauma was found to exert an indirect (neuroticism-mediated) effect on patients' symptom complexity, with trauma and neuroticism conjointly explaining 16-21% of the variance in gastrointestinal and 35% of the variance in mental symptoms. Upon correction for condition (using a small group of available controls, n = 51), the predictive capacity of trauma and neuroticism increased further, with both predictors now explaining 31% of the somatic-and almost 50% of the mental symptom heterogeneity. In terms of trauma type, victimization (domestic violence and intimate abuse) proved the best predictor of cross-sample symptom variability and the only trauma profile with a consistent direct and indirect (neuroticism-mediated) effect on patients' mental (QoL) and physical fitness. Results are consistent with the growing body of evidence linking experiential vulnerability factors (trauma and neuroticism) and associated feelings of personal ineffectiveness, helplessness, and uncontrollability to interindividual differences in (GI) disease activity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje Yentl Sundari Nass
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Dr. Rath Health Foundation, 6422 RG Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Dibbets
- Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Rob Markus
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Leigh SJ, Uhlig F, Wilmes L, Sanchez-Diaz P, Gheorghe CE, Goodson MS, Kelley-Loughnane N, Hyland NP, Cryan JF, Clarke G. The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota-gut-brain axis perspective. J Physiol 2023; 601:4491-4538. [PMID: 37756251 DOI: 10.1113/jp281951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout the gut, although comparatively little is known about the effects of acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced changes in the gut may increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and infection, and impact critical features of the neural and behavioural consequences of the stress response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding the mechanisms behind changes in enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, gut barrier function, permeability, and the gut microbiota following stress is an important research objective with pathophysiological implications in both neurogastroenterology and psychiatry. Moreover, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key aspect of physiology sensitive to the effects of stress. In this review, we focus on different aspects of the gastrointestinal tract including gut barrier function as well as the immune, humoral and neuronal elements involved in gut-brain communication. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence for a role of stress in gastrointestinal disorders. Existing gaps in the current literature are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research with an integrated physiological perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integrated host and microbial response to different kinds of stressors in the gastrointestinal tract will enable full exploitation of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the fast-evolving field of host-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Friederike Uhlig
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lars Wilmes
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula Sanchez-Diaz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael S Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Zhou F, Wu NZ, Xie Y, Zhou XJ. Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease: A bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5254-5267. [PMID: 37901448 PMCID: PMC10600957 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier surfaces composed of specialized epithelial cells separate the host body from the external environment, and are essential for maintaining proper intestinal physiologic and immune homeostasis. AIM To explore the development trends and research hotspots of intestinal barrier research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The publications related to the intestinal barrier in IBD were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R software. RESULTS A total of 4482 articles published between 2002 and 2022 were identified. The United States is dominant in intestinal barrier research, whereas the University of Chicago is the most active institution. Jerrold from Harvard Medical School was the most productive authors with the most citations. The journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Gastroenterology have made significant contributions in this field. The keywords appearing at high frequency related to the intestinal barrier in IBD were detected, including nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis, oxidative stress and probiotics. Among them, antioxidants, Akkermansia muciniphila, nanoparticles, short-chain fatty acids and extracellular vesicles have received growing interest in recent research. CONCLUSION The intestinal barrier field is developing rapidly with extensive cooperation. Targeting the gut microbiota and dietary metabolism to regulate the intestinal barrier has shown promising prospective applications and has generated broad interest. The importance of the intestinal barrier in IBD is gradually being fully recognized, providing a new therapeutic perspective for improving inflammation and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nan-Zhen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng 331100, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
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12
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Li Y, Wan H, Ma R, Liu T, Chen Y, Dong Y. Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12822. [PMID: 37629009 PMCID: PMC10454097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress affects the health of humans and animals (especially females or pregnant bodies). In this study, a stress-induced model was established by placing eight-week-old female and pregnant mice in centrifuge tubes for 4 h to determine whether chronic stress affects the intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota composition of pregnant mice. Compared with the control group, we found that norepinephrine (NE), corticosterone (CORT), and estradiol (E2) in plasma increased significantly in the stress group. We then observed a decreased down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which resulted in colonic mucosal injury, including a reduced number of goblet cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, caspase-3, and expression of tight junction mRNA and protein. Moreover, the diversity and richness of the colonic microbiota decreased in pregnant mice. Bacteroidetes decreased, and pernicious bacteria were markedly increased. At last, we found E2 protects the intestinal epithelial cells after H2O2 treatment. Results suggested that 25 pg/mL E2 provides better protection for intestinal barrier after chronic stress, which greatly affected the intestinal mucosal barrier and altered the colonic microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (R.M.); (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Huayun Wan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (R.M.); (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ruiqin Ma
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (R.M.); (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (R.M.); (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (R.M.); (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yulan Dong
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (R.M.); (T.L.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Domínguez-Zorita S, Romero-Carramiñana I, Santacatterina F, Esparza-Moltó PB, Simó C, Del-Arco A, Núñez de Arenas C, Saiz J, Barbas C, Cuezva JM. IF1 ablation prevents ATP synthase oligomerization, enhances mitochondrial ATP turnover and promotes an adenosine-mediated pro-inflammatory phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:413. [PMID: 37433784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) regulates the activity of mitochondrial ATP synthase. The expression of IF1 in differentiated human and mouse cells is highly variable. In intestinal cells, the overexpression of IF1 protects against colon inflammation. Herein, we have developed a conditional IF1-knockout mouse model in intestinal epithelium to investigate the role of IF1 in mitochondrial function and tissue homeostasis. The results show that IF1-ablated mice have increased ATP synthase/hydrolase activities, leading to profound mitochondrial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory phenotype that impairs the permeability of the intestinal barrier compromising mouse survival upon inflammation. Deletion of IF1 prevents the formation of oligomeric assemblies of ATP synthase and alters cristae structure and the electron transport chain. Moreover, lack of IF1 promotes an intramitochondrial Ca2+ overload in vivo, minimizing the threshold to Ca2+-induced permeability transition (mPT). Removal of IF1 in cell lines also prevents the formation of oligomeric assemblies of ATP synthase, minimizing the threshold to Ca2+-induced mPT. Metabolomic analyses of mice serum and colon tissue highlight that IF1 ablation promotes the activation of de novo purine and salvage pathways. Mechanistically, lack of IF1 in cell lines increases ATP synthase/hydrolase activities and installs futile ATP hydrolysis in mitochondria, resulting in the activation of purine metabolism and in the accumulation of adenosine, both in culture medium and in mice serum. Adenosine, through ADORA2B receptors, promotes an autoimmune phenotype in mice, stressing the role of the IF1/ATP synthase axis in tissue immune responses. Overall, the results highlight that IF1 is required for ATP synthase oligomerization and that it acts as a brake to prevent ATP hydrolysis under in vivo phosphorylating conditions in intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Domínguez-Zorita
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Romero-Carramiñana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fulvio Santacatterina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau B Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Del-Arco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez de Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Saiz
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Bear T, Roy N, Dalziel J, Butts C, Coad J, Young W, Parkar SG, Hedderley D, Dinnan H, Martell S, Middlemiss-Kraak S, Gopal P. Anxiety-like Behavior in Female Sprague Dawley Rats Associated with Cecal Clostridiales. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1773. [PMID: 37512945 PMCID: PMC10386170 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the microbiota profile and exposure to stress is not well understood. Therefore, we used a rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to investigate this relationship. Depressive-like behaviors were measured in Female Sprague Dawley rats using the sucrose preference test and the Porsolt swim test. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured with the light-dark box test. Fecal corticosterone, cecal microbiota (composition and organic acids), plasma gut permeability (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, LBP) and plasma inflammation (12 cytokines) markers were measured. Atypical behaviors were observed in female rats following UCMS, but no depressive-like behaviors were observed. Circulating concentrations of cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 were higher in UCMS-exposed female rats; plasma LBP and cecal organic acid levels remained unchanged. Our results reflect a resilient and adaptive phenotype for female SD rats. The relative abundance of taxa from the Clostridiales order and Desulfovibrionaceae family did, however, correlate both positively and negatively with anxiety-like behaviors and plasma cytokine concentrations, regardless of UCMS exposure, supporting the brain-to-gut influence of mild anxiety with a microbiota profile that may involve inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bear
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand
| | - Julie Dalziel
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chrissie Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shanthi G Parkar
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Dinnan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Sheridan Martell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Susanne Middlemiss-Kraak
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Pramod Gopal
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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15
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Rusch JA, Layden BT, Dugas LR. Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130689. [PMID: 37404311 PMCID: PMC10316519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Rusch
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- C17 Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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16
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Prophylactic effect of Tongxieyaofang polysaccharide on depressive behavior in adolescent male mice with chronic unpredictable stress through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114525. [PMID: 36921537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder is more common among adolescents and is a primary reason for suicide in adolescents. Some antidepressants are ineffective and may possess side effects. Therefore, developing an adolescent antidepressant is the need of the hour. We designed the stress model of adolescent male mice induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). The mice were treated using Tongxieyaofang neutral polysaccharide (TXYF-NP), Tongxieyaofang acidic polysaccharide (TXYF-AP), TXYF-AP + TXYF-NP and fructooligosaccharide + galactooligosaccharides to determine their body weight, behavior, and serum hormone levels. RT-qPCR was used to detect the gene expression of Crhr1, Nr3c1, and Nr3c2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and the gene expression of glutamic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-related receptors in the hippocampus. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA detected tryptophan metabolism in the colon, serum, and hippocampus. 16s rDNA helped sequence colon microflora, and non-targeted metabolomics enabled the collection of metabolic profiles of colon microflora. In adolescent male mice, CUS induced depression-like behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, hippocampal tissue damage, abnormal expression of its related receptors, and dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism. The 16s rDNA and non-targeted metabolomics revealed that CUS led to colon microflora disorder and bile acid metabolism abnormality. Tongxieyaofang polysaccharide could improve the bacterial community and bile acid metabolism disorder by upregulating the relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 28-4, Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 while preventing CUS-induced changes. TXYF-P can inhibit depression-like behavior due to CUS by regulating colonic microflora and restoring bile acid metabolism disorder. Thus, based on the different comparisons, TXYF-NP possessed the best effect.
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17
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Understanding the Connection between Gut Homeostasis and Psychological Stress. J Nutr 2023; 153:924-939. [PMID: 36806451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to adverse life events that provoke acute or chronic psychological stress (hereinafter "stress") can negatively affect physical health and even increase susceptibility to psychological illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. As a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) released from the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for the stress response. Typically, CRF disrupts the gastrointestinal system and leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis, thereby increasing risk of functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, CRF increases oxidative damage to the colon and triggers immune responses involving mast cells, neutrophils, and monocytes. CRF even affects the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), causing enterochromaffin cells to secrete excessive amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Therefore, stress is often accompanied by damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, followed by increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. There are multi-network interactions between the gut microbiota and stress, and gut microbiota may relieve the effects of stress on the body. Dietary intake of probiotics can provide energy for ISCs through glycolysis, thereby alleviating the disruption to homeostasis caused by stress, and it significantly bolsters the intestinal barrier, alleviates intestinal inflammation, and maintains endocrine homeostasis. Gut microbiota also directly affect the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as CRF, 5-HT, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet enhances the stress resistance to some extent by regulating the intestinal flora. This article reviews recent research on how stress damages the gut and microbiota, how the gut microbiota can improve gut health by modulating injury due to stress, and how the diet relieves stress injury by interfering with intestinal microflora. This review gives insight into the potential role of the gut and its microbiota in relieving the effects of stress via the gut-brain axis.
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18
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Acute Stress Regulates Sex-Related Molecular Responses in the Human Jejunal Mucosa: Implications for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030423. [PMID: 36766765 PMCID: PMC9913488 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and life stress. We have previously reported that female sex per se determines an increased susceptibility to intestinal barrier dysfunction after cold pain stress (CPS). We aimed to identify sex-related molecular differences in response to CPS in healthy subjects to understand the origin of sex bias predominance in IBS. In 13 healthy males and 21 females, two consecutive jejunal biopsies were obtained using Watson's capsule, at baseline, and ninety minutes after CPS. Total mucosal RNA and protein were isolated from jejunal biopsies. Expression of genes related to epithelial barrier (CLDN1, CLDN2, OCLN, ZO-1, and ZO-3), mast cell (MC) activation (TPSAB1, SERPINA1), and the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) were analyzed using RT-qPCR. NR3C1, ZO-1 and OCLN protein expression were evaluated through immunohistochemistry and western blot, and mucosal inflammation through MC, lymphocyte, and eosinophil numbering. Autonomic, hormonal, and psychological responses to CPS were monitored. We found an increase in jejunal MCs, a reduced CLDN1 and OCLN expression, and an increased CLDN2 and SERPINA1 expression 90 min after CPS. We also found a significant decrease in ZO-1, OCLN, and NR3C1 gene expression, and a decrease in OCLN protein expression only in females, when compared to males. CPS induced a significant increase in blood pressure, plasma cortisol and ACTH, and subjective stress perception in all participants. Specific and independent sex-related molecular responses in epithelial barrier regulation are unraveled by acute stress in the jejunum of healthy subjects and may partially explain female predominance in IBS.
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19
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ÇİKLER E, SÖĞÜT İ, AYDOĞAN SG, KIRMIZIKAN S, HÜRDAĞ C. The Effects of Fulvic Acid Against Water Avoidance Stress-Induced Damage of Rat Colon Mucosa. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1036048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Chronic stress plays an important role in the etiology of many inflammatory diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a source of free radicals, act as signaling molecules in the progression of stress-related inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an increase in free radicals in the tissues. The damage caused by oxidative stress can be reduced by antioxidant replacement. In our study, the effect of fulvic acid, a powerful antioxidant, on the damage caused by the water avoidance stress model in the rat colon was investigated morphologically and biochemically.
Methods: Experimental groups (n=6, Sprague-Dawley male rats, 300 g): control (C), water avoidance stress (WAS), and water avoidance stress+fulvic acid (WAS+FA). Rats in the WAS + FA group were given a single dose of FA (150 mg/kg i.p.) immediately after exposure to water avoidance stress. The colons were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analyzed biochemically.
Results: Compared to the C group, the WAS group showed epithelial damage, a few empty goblet cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and many active mast cells in the connective tissue. Mucosal integrity, the number of goblet cells, and mast cell activity improved in the WAS+FA group as compared to the WAS group. Biochemically, as compared to the C group, TAS levels decreased, and TOS and OSI levels increased in the WAS group. In the WAS+FA group, TAS levels increased, and TOS and OSI levels decreased with respect to those in the WAS group.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that fulvic acid reduced the damage caused by chronic oxidative stress in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İbrahim SÖĞÜT
- DEMİROĞLU BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, BİYOKİMYA ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Sezen Gizem AYDOĞAN
- DEMİROĞLU BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Seda KIRMIZIKAN
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HAMİDİYE TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Canan HÜRDAĞ
- DEMİROĞLU BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
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20
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Gerdin L, González‐Castro AM, Ericson A, Persborn M, Santos J, Walter SA, Keita ÅV, Vicario M, Söderholm JD. Acute psychological stress increases paracellular permeability and modulates immune activity in rectal mucosa of healthy volunteers. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 11:31-41. [PMID: 36314901 PMCID: PMC9892435 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress and increased permeability are implicated as contributing factors in the initiation and worsening of gastrointestinal diseases. A link between stress and intestinal permeability has been shown in animal models as well as in human small intestine, but stress effects on the human colorectal mucosal barrier has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential effects of acute psychological stress on colorectal mucosal barrier function and to explore stress-induced molecular events in the rectal mucosa under healthy conditions. METHODS Endoscopic biopsies were taken from the rectosigmoid region of healthy volunteers, who had been subjected to dichotomous listening stress and after a control session, respectively. Paracellular and transcellular permeability were assessed in modified Ussing chambers. RNA expression (microarray technology confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and biological pathway analysis were used to investigate the local mucosal response to acute stress. RESULTS Dichotomous listening stress induced a subjective and objective stress response, and significantly increased paracellular but not transcellular permeability. We also identified a stress-induced reduction in RNA expression of genes related to immune cell activation and maturation (CR2, CD20, TCLA1, BANK1, CD22, FDCSP), signaling molecules of homing of immune cells to the gut (chemokines: CCL21, CXCL13, and CCL19, and receptors: CCR7, CXCR5), and innate immunity (DUOX2). Eight of the 10 top down-regulated genes are directly involved in B cell activation, signaling and migration. The systemic stress response correlated positively with paracellular permeability and negatively with DUOX2 expression. CONCLUSION Dichotomous listening stress increases paracellular permeability and modulates immune cell activity in the rectal mucosa. Further studies are warranted to identify the primary mechanisms of stress-mediated reduction of mucosal defensive activity and barrier dysfunction, and their potential implications for gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gerdin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Surgical Clinic of Jönköping CountyJönköpingSweden
| | - Ana M. González‐Castro
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal ImmunologyDigestive Diseases Research UnitVall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ann‐Charlott Ericson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | | | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro‐immuno‐gastroenterologyDigestive Diseases Research UnitVall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susanna A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of GastroenterologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Åsa V. Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Maria Vicario
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal ImmunologyDigestive Diseases Research UnitVall d'Hebron Institut de RecercaHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)BarcelonaSpain,Department of Gastrointestinal HealthNestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Johan D. Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of SurgeryLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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21
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Ge L, Liu S, Li S, Yang J, Hu G, Xu C, Song W. Psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease: Psychoneuroimmunological insights into bidirectional gut–brain communications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016578. [PMID: 36275694 PMCID: PMC9583867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic inflammation and frequent recurrence. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that chronic psychological stress is considered to trigger IBD deterioration and relapse. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that patients with IBD have a higher risk of developing symptoms of anxiety and depression than healthy individuals. However, the underlying mechanism of the link between psychological stress and IBD remains poorly understood. This review used a psychoneuroimmunology perspective to assess possible neuro-visceral integration, immune modulation, and crucial intestinal microbiome changes in IBD. Furthermore, the bidirectionality of the brain–gut axis was emphasized in the context, indicating that IBD pathophysiology increases the inflammatory response in the central nervous system and further contributes to anxiety- and depression-like behavioral comorbidities. This information will help accurately characterize the link between psychological stress and IBD disease activity. Additionally, the clinical application of functional brain imaging, microbiota-targeted treatment, psychotherapy and antidepressants should be considered during the treatment and diagnosis of IBD with behavioral comorbidities. This review elucidates the significance of more high-quality research combined with large clinical sample sizes and multiple diagnostic methods and psychotherapy, which may help to achieve personalized therapeutic strategies for IBD patients based on stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuman Liu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Guangran Hu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wengang Song,
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22
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Hussein H, Boeckxstaens GE. Immune-mediated food reactions in irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 66:102285. [PMID: 36063569 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. Depending on the criteria used, it affects between 5 and 10% of the general population and has a serious impact on quality of life. Most patients with IBS show an induction or exacerbation of their symptoms, particularly abdominal pain, after eating certain foods. This raises the question of the role played by food in IBS pathophysiology. In this review, we describe the multiple risk factors of IBS, and we give an overview of the role of food as a trigger of IBS, distinguishing between immune and non-immune reactions to food. We finally highlight recent findings identifying an immune-mediated mechanism underlying food-induced abdominal pain in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Hussein
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interaction, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interaction, Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Martínez-Mota R, Righini N, Mallott EK, Palme R, Amato KR. Environmental Stress and the Primate Microbiome: Glucocorticoids Contribute to Structure Gut Bacterial Communities of Black Howler Monkeys in Anthropogenically Disturbed Forest Fragments. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.863242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals living in anthropogenically disturbed habitats are exposed to environmental stressors which can trigger physiological reactions, such as chronic elevations of glucocorticoid hormones. Physiological responses to stressors may induce changes in the gut microbiome, most likely, facilitated by the gut–brain communication. Although these effects have been observed in humans and animal models, elucidating gut bacterial changes in wild animals under natural stressful conditions is still an ongoing task. Here we analyzed the association between physiological stress related to anthropogenic forest disturbance and changes in gut bacterial communities of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) living in forest fragments in Mexico. We measured individuals’ fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) as an index of physiological stress and created inventories of fecal bacterial communities sequencing the 16S rRNA gene to assess gut microbiome change. We evaluated environmental stress by estimating differences in food availability – feeding tree diversity and biomass – in each group’s habitat. We found that both fGCMs and food availability indices were related to gut bacterial community shifts in black howler monkeys. Furthermore, using structural equation modeling, we found that a decrease in food availability, estimated through reductions in feeding tree basal area, increased fGCMs, which in turn induced increases in bacterial richness. Our findings show that the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis, which is a physiological response sensitive to environmental stressors such as the ecological disturbance of a habitat, contributes to structure the gut microbiome of arboreal primates in disturbed forests.
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24
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Borkent J, Ioannou M, Laman JD, Haarman BCM, Sommer IEC. Role of the gut microbiome in three major psychiatric disorders. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1222-1242. [PMID: 35506416 PMCID: PMC9157303 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) are heterogeneous psychiatric disorders, which place significant burden on patient's well-being and global health. Disruptions in the gut-microbiome may play a role in these psychiatric disorders. This review presents current data on composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and its interaction mechanisms in the gut-brain axis in MDD, BD and SSD. Diversity metrics and microbial relative abundance differed across studies. More studies reported inconsistent findings (n = 7) or no differences (n = 8) than studies who reported lower α-diversity in these psychiatric disorders (n = 5). The most consistent findings across studies were higher relative abundances of the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Eggerthella and lower relative abundance of the butyrate producing Faecalibacterium in patients with psychiatric disorders. All three increased genera were associated with higher symptom severity. Confounders, such as medication use and life style have not been accounted for. So far, the results of probiotics trials have been inconsistent. Most traditional and widely used probiotics (consisting of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.) are safe, however, they do not correct potential microbiota disbalances in these disorders. Findings on prebiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are too limited to draw definitive conclusions. Disease-specific pro/prebiotic treatment or even FMT could be auspicious interventions for prevention and therapy for psychiatric disorders and should be investigated in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Borkent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalini Ioannou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D. Laman
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Wiley JW, Higgins GA, Hong S. Chronic psychological stress alters gene expression in rat colon epithelial cells promoting chromatin remodeling, barrier dysfunction and inflammation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13287. [PMID: 35509963 PMCID: PMC9059753 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is commonly associated with enhanced abdominal pain (visceral hypersensitivity), but the cellular mechanisms underlying how chronic stress induces visceral hypersensitivity are poorly understood. In this study, we examined changes in gene expression in colon epithelial cells from a rat model using RNA-sequencing to examine stress-induced changes to the transcriptome. Following chronic stress, the most significantly up-regulated genes included Atg16l1, Coq10b, Dcaf13, Nat2, Ptbp2, Rras2, Spink4 and down-regulated genes including Abat, Cited2, Cnnm2, Dab2ip, Plekhm1, Scd2, and Tab2. The primary altered biological processes revealed by network enrichment analysis were inflammation/immune response, tissue morphogenesis and development, and nucleosome/chromatin assembly. The most significantly down-regulated process was the digestive system development/function, whereas the most significantly up-regulated processes were inflammatory response, organismal injury, and chromatin remodeling mediated by H3K9 methylation. Furthermore, a subpopulation of stressed rats demonstrated very significantly altered gene expression and transcript isoforms, enriched for the differential expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, including upregulation of cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression coupled with downregulation of epithelial adherens and tight junction mRNAs. In summary, these findings support that chronic stress is associated with increased levels of cytokines and chemokines, their downstream signaling pathways coupled to dysregulation of intestinal cell development and function. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin remodeling likely plays a prominent role in this process. Results also suggest that super enhancers play a primary role in chronic stress-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Gerald A. Higgins
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shuangsong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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26
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Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Hussein H, Boeckxstaens GE. Immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: what is the evidence? Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:674-686. [PMID: 35296814 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. It affects between 5 and 20% of the general population and can seriously impact quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is rather complex and multifactorial including, for example, altered signalling by the gut-brain axis, dysbiosis, abnormal visceral pain signalling and intestinal immune activation. The latter has gained particular interest in recent years, with growing insight into the bidirectional communication between the nervous system and the immune system. In this Review, we detail the current evidence suggesting that immune activation contributes to the pathology seen in patients with IBS and discuss the potential mechanisms involved. Moreover, we describe how immune mediators, particularly those released by mast cells, can directly activate or sensitize pain-transmitting nerves, leading to increased pain signalling and abdominal pain. Finally, we discuss the potential of interventions targeting immune activation as a new therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hind Hussein
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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27
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Hoke A, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Hammamieh R, Jett M. Acute and Delayed Effects of Stress Eliciting Post-Traumatic Stress-Like Disorder Differentially Alters Fecal Microbiota Composition in a Male Mouse Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:810815. [PMID: 35300376 PMCID: PMC8921487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.810815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the shift in fecal resident microbiome and social conflicts with long-term consequences on psychological plasticity, such as the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is yet to be comprehended. We developed an aggressor-exposed (Agg-E) social stress (SS) mouse model to mimic warzone-like conflicts, where random life-threatening interactions took place between naïve intruder mice and aggressive resident mice. Gradually these Agg-E mice developed distinct characteristics simulating PTSD-like aspects, whereas the control mice not exposed to Agg-E SS demonstrated distinct phenotypes. To further investigate the role of Agg-E SS on the resident microbiome, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was assayed using fecal samples collected at pre-, during, and post-SS time points. A time agonist shift in the fecal microbial composition of Agg-E mice in contrast to its controls suggested a persistent impact of Agg-E SS on resident microbiota. At the taxonomic level, Agg-E SS caused a significant shift in the time-resolved ratios of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance. Furthermore, Agg-E SS caused diverging shifts in the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria. An in silico estimation of genomic potential identified a potentially perturbed cluster of bioenergetic networks, which became increasingly enriched with time since the termination of Agg-E SS. Supported by a growing number of studies, our results indicated the roles of the microbiome in a wide range of phenotypes that could mimic the comorbidities of PTSD, which would be directly influenced by energy deficiency. Together, the present work suggested the fecal microbiome as a potential tool to manage long-term effects of social conflicts, including the management of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hoke
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Nabarun Chakraborty, ; Aarti Gautam,
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Nabarun Chakraborty, ; Aarti Gautam,
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Marti Jett
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
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28
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Tena-Garitaonaindia M, Arredondo-Amador M, Mascaraque C, Asensio M, Marin JJG, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. MODULATION OF INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS: LESSONS FROM PRECLINICAL MODELS. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106056. [PMID: 34995794 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used drugs for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects, but they are associated with multiple adverse effects. Despite their frequent oral administration, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of GCs on intestinal barrier function. In this review, we present a summary of the published studies on this matter carried out in animal models and cultured cells. In cultured intestinal epithelial cells, GCs have variable effects in basal conditions and generally enhance barrier function in the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In turn, in rodents and other animals, GCs have been shown to weaken barrier function, with increased permeability and lower production of IgA, which may account for some features observed in stress models. When given to animals with experimental colitis, barrier function may be debilitated or strengthened, despite a positive anti-inflammatory activity. In sepsis models, GCs have a barrier-enhancing effect. These effects are probably related to the inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing, modulation of the microbiota and mucus production, and interference with the mucosal immune system. The available information on underlying mechanisms is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Tena-Garitaonaindia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arredondo-Amador
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Mascaraque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Craig CF, Filippone RT, Stavely R, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 34983592 PMCID: PMC8729103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from depression at higher rates than the general population. An etiological trigger of depressive symptoms is theorised to be inflammation within the central nervous system. It is believed that heightened intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) contribute to impaired intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of intestinal enterotoxins into the blood circulation. Consequently, these may compromise the immunological and physiological functioning of distant non-intestinal tissues such as the brain. In vivo models of colitis provide evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability and enhanced central nervous system (CNS) immune activity triggered by intestinal enterotoxins and blood-borne inflammatory mediators. Understanding the immunological, physiological, and structural changes associated with IBD and neuroinflammation may aid in the development of more tailored and suitable pharmaceutical treatment for IBD-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Craig
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Level 4 Research Labs, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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30
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Wauters L, Van Oudenhove L, Accarie A, Geboers K, Geysen H, Toth J, Luypaerts A, Verbeke K, Smokvina T, Raes J, Tack J, Vanuytsel T. Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 decreases subjective academic stress in healthy adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2031695. [PMID: 35130109 PMCID: PMC8824214 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2031695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress negatively affects the intestinal barrier function in animals and humans. We aimed to study the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 on intestinal permeability and stress-markers during public speech. Healthy students were randomized to L. rhamnosus-containing (test) or acidified (placebo) milk consumed twice daily for 4 weeks, with 46 subjects per treatment group. Small intestinal permeability was quantified by a 2 h urinary lactulose-mannitol ratio (LMR, primary outcome), fractional excretion of lactulose (FEL) and mannitol (FEM). Salivary cortisol, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress scores (PSS) were collected. No between-treatment differences were found for LMR (p = .71), FEL or FEM. Within-treatment analyses showed similar LMR and FEL but a stress-induced increase of FEM with the placebo (p < .05) but not test product. Despite a similar increase in salivary cortisol, the stress-induced increase in STAI was significantly lower with the test product vs. placebo (p = .01). Moreover, a stress-preventative effect of the probiotic was found for PSS and more pronounced in subjects with high stress-induced cortisol (p = .01). While increased FEM was mediated by salivary cortisol levels, the effect of the test product on subjective stress was not mediated by changes in FEM. No serious adverse events occurred. In conclusion, we demonstrated that L. rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 prevented stress-induced hyperpermeability to mannitol. Subjective but not objective stress-markers were reduced with L. rhamnosus vs. placebo, suggesting anxiolytic effects, which were independent of barrier stabilization and attractive for the reduction of stress in both health and disease. Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT03408691.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wauters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luka Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alison Accarie
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karlien Geboers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Geysen
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joran Toth
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Luypaerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jeroen Raes
- Vib Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders Ku Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Parois SP, Eicher SD, Lindemann SR, Marchant JN. Potential improvements of the cognition of piglets through a synbiotic supplementation from 1 to 28 days via the gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24113. [PMID: 34916559 PMCID: PMC8677727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of feed supplements on behavior and memory has been recently studied in livestock. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic on: an episodic-like (SOR: Spontaneous Object Recognition), a working (BARR: Fence barrier task), a long-term (TMAZE: Spatial T-maze task) memory test and on gut microbiota composition. Eighteen female piglets were supplemented from 1 to 28 days of age with a synbiotic (SYN), while 17 served as control (CTL). Feces were collected on days 16, 33 and 41 for 16S rRNA gene composition analyses. In the SOR, SYN piglets interacted more quickly with the novel object than CTL piglets. In the BARR, SYN piglets had shorter distances to finish the test in trial 3. In the TMAZE, SYN piglets were quicker to succeed on specific days and tended to try the new rewarded arm earlier during the reversal stage. Difference of microbiota composition between treatments was nonexistent on D16, a tendency on D33 and significant on D41. The synbiotic supplement may confer memory advantages in different cognitive tasks, regardless of the nature of the reward and the memory request. Difference in memory abilities can potentially be explained by differences in microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine P Parois
- PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France.
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Susan D Eicher
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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32
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Chen T, Wang R, Duan Z, Yuan X, Ding Y, Feng Z, Bu F, Liu L, Wang Q, Zhou J, Zhu L, Ni Q, Shi G, Chen Y. Akkermansia muciniphila Protects Against Psychological Disorder-Induced Gut Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucosal Barrier Damage and Aggravation of Colitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:723856. [PMID: 34722332 PMCID: PMC8551916 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.723856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological disorders are associated with increased risk of severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by causing gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic mucosal barrier damage. However, the interaction between chronic restraint stress (CRS), gut microbiota composition, and colonic mucus remains unclear. We demonstrated that mice under CRS conditions exhibited alterations in microbiota composition, disruption of colonic mucus, and aggravation of colitis. In addition, the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly decreased in mice under CRS and UC patients with depression, and positively associated with the expression of MUC2. After antibiotic treatment, the recipient mice colonized with CRS microbiota showed barrier defects and severe colitis. Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila was found to restore colonic mucus and modify the gut microbiota. We confirm that CRS-mediated gut microbiota dysbiosis results in colonic mucosal barrier damage and aggravation of colitis. Our results suggest that A. muciniphila is expected to be a potential probiotic to protect and treat colonic mucus that is involved in IBD with psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenglan Duan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyu Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Basic Pharmacology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yugen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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33
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Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Expósito E, González-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J. Present and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Barrier Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718093. [PMID: 34778332 PMCID: PMC8582318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging and increasing evidence, but also uncertainty, for the role of abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function in the origin and development of a growing number of human gastrointestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders, and their related complaints. Despite a vast literature addressing factors and mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability in humans, and its connection to the appearance and severity of clinical symptoms, the ultimate link remains to be established in many cases. Accordingly, there are no directives or clinical guidelines related to the therapeutic management of intestinal permeability disorders that allow health professionals involved in the management of these patients to carry out a consensus treatment based on clinical evidence. Instead, there are multiple pseudoscientific approaches and commercial propaganda scattered on the internet that confuse those affected and health professionals and that often lack scientific rigor. Therefore, in this review we aim to shed light on the different therapeutic options, which include, among others, dietary management, nutraceuticals and medical devices, microbiota and drugs, and epigenetic and exosomes-manipulation, through an objective evaluation of the scientific publications in this field. Advances in the knowledge and management of intestinal permeability will sure enable better options of dealing with this group of common disorders to enhance quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercé Albert-Bayo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John-Peter Ganda Mall
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Serra-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Henao-Paez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Expósito
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Shastri S, Shinde T, Woolley KL, Smith JA, Gueven N, Eri R. Short-Chain Naphthoquinone Protects Against Both Acute and Spontaneous Chronic Murine Colitis by Alleviating Inflammatory Responses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709973. [PMID: 34497514 PMCID: PMC8419285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterised by chronic, relapsing, idiopathic, and multifactorial colon inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the onset and recurrence of this disease. Previous reports highlighted the potential of short-chain quinones (SCQs) for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction due to their reversible redox characteristics. We hypothesised that a recently described potent mitoprotective SCQ (UTA77) could ameliorate UC symptoms and pathology. In a dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced acute colitis model in C57BL/6J mice, UTA77 substantially improved DSS-induced body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathology. UTA77 administration also significantly increased the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and zona-occludin 1 (ZO-1), which preserved intestinal barrier integrity. Similar responses were observed in the spontaneous Winnie model of chronic colitis, where UTA77 significantly improved DAI, colon length, and histopathology. Furthermore, UTA77 potently suppressed elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colonic explants of both DSS-treated and Winnie mice. These results strongly suggest that UTA77 or its derivatives could be a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of human UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Shastri
- Gut Health Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Tanvi Shinde
- Gut Health Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.,Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Krystel L Woolley
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jason A Smith
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Gut Health Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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35
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Ghannoum MA, Ford M, Bonomo RA, Gamal A, McCormick TS. A Microbiome-Driven Approach to Combating Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Nutr 2021; 8:672390. [PMID: 34504858 PMCID: PMC8421528 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.672390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant stressors brought about and exacerbated by COVID-19 are associated with startling surges in mental health illnesses, specifically those related to depressive disorders. Given the huge impact of depression on society, and an incomplete understanding of impactful therapeutics, we have examined the current literature surrounding the microbiome and gut-brain axis to advance a potential complementary approach to address depression and depressive disorders that have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we understand that the impact of the human gut microbiome on emotional health is a newly emerging field and more research needs to be conducted, the current evidence is extremely promising and suggests at least part of the answer to understanding depression in more depth may lie within the microbiome. As a result of these findings, we propose that a microbiome-based holistic approach, which involves carefully annotating the microbiome and potential modification through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle changes, may address depression. This paper's primary purpose is to shed light on the link between the gut microbiome and depression, including the gut-brain axis and propose a holistic approach to microbiome modification, with the ultimate goal of assisting individuals to manage their battle with depression through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle changes, in addition to offering a semblance of hope during these challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- BIOHM Health LLC, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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36
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Gudjonsdottir J, Runnäs M, Hagander L, Theodorsson E, Salö M. Associations of hair cortisol concentrations with paediatric appendicitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15281. [PMID: 34315979 PMCID: PMC8316495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of paediatric appendicitis is still an enigma. In recent years, it has become more evident that our inherent immunological responses affect the trajectory of the disease course. Long-term stress has an impact on our immune system; however, it is practically and ethically challenging to prospectively track blood measurements of cortisol-levels in asymptomatic children should an acute appendicitis episode develop. The aim of this case–control study was therefore to evaluate the effect of increased stress measured as historical imprints in hair (hair cortisol concentrations [HCC]), on the risk of developing appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. 51 children (aged < 15 years) with appendicitis (34 with complicated appendicitis), were compared to 86 healthy controls. HCC reflecting the activity of the HPA-axis 0–3 and 4–6 months prior to sampling was evaluated and compared between groups as well as between the two measurements of each study subject. In the univariate analysis with both cases and controls, an increase in HCC between the measurement timepoints was associated with a substantial increase in risk of appendicitis (OR 7.52 [95% CI 2.49–22.67], p = 0.001). This increased risk remained in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex and season (aOR OR 10.76 [95%CI 2.50–46.28], p = 0.001). When comparing the cases of uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis through a multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex, the children with an increased HCC prior to appendicitis had a substantial and statistically significant increase in risk of complicated appendicitis (aOR 7.86 [95% CI 1.20–51.63], p = 0.03). Biological stress, measured as an increase in HCC, seems to be associated with an increased risk of paediatric appendicitis and a more complicated disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Gudjonsdottir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 48, 221 85, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Michaela Runnäs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 48, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Hagander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 48, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Salö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettsgatan 48, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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37
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Sun H, Ma Y, An S, Wang Z. Altered gene expression signatures by calcitonin gene-related peptide promoted mast cell activity in the colon of stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14073. [PMID: 33382180 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is possibly involved in recruitment of mucosal mast cells (MCs) in the gut that may be associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the role of CGRP on the activation of MCs is still unknown. METHODS Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we examined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mouse MCs following CGRP treatment. The expression of key genes in colonic MCs and their relationship with CGRP-containing fibers were examined by immunofluorescence in chronic water-avoidance stress (WAS)-induced visceral hyperalgesia mice. KEY RESULTS A total of 29 DEGs were found significantly changed with 28 upregulated and 1 downregulated following treatment of MCs with CGRP. Bioinformatics analysis showed that key higher DEGs included those associated with response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), regulation of transcription, MC activation, and proliferation. These processes are enriched for genes associated with stress-induced MC activation in IBS. Western blot verified changes in representative DEGs (Nr4a3, Crem, Gpr35, FosB, Sphlk1) and real-time cell analysis (RTCA) verified the MC proliferation. The vast majority of colonic MCs nearly CGRP-containing fibers in WAS mice overexpressed only Nr4a3 with little to no FosB, Gpr35, Sphlk1, or Crem expression. Nr4a3 knockdown may attenuate the promotion effect of CGRP on MC viability. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results suggest that CGRP is a critical regulator of key expressed genes in MC activation. Nr4a3 as a novel regulator of MC function may have an effect on stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia, and this may represent the novel target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanliang Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yanhan Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Shuhong An
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
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38
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Guzmán-Mejía F, Godínez-Victoria M, Vega-Bautista A, Pacheco-Yépez J, Drago-Serrano ME. Intestinal Homeostasis under Stress Siege. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105095. [PMID: 34065791 PMCID: PMC8150578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis encompasses a complex and balanced interplay among a wide array of components that collaborate to maintain gut barrier integrity. The appropriate function of the gut barrier requires the mucus layer, a sticky cushion of mucopolysaccharides that overlays the epithelial cell surface. Mucus plays a critical anti-inflammatory role by preventing direct contact between luminal microbiota and the surface of the epithelial cell monolayer. Moreover, mucus is enriched with pivotal effectors of intestinal immunity, such as immunoglobulin A (IgA). A fragile and delicate equilibrium that supports proper barrier function can be disturbed by stress. The impact of stress upon intestinal homeostasis results from neuroendocrine mediators of the brain-gut axis (BGA), which comprises a nervous branch that includes the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as an endocrine branch of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review is the first to discuss the experimental animal models that address the impact of stress on components of intestinal homeostasis, with special emphasis on intestinal mucus and IgA. Basic knowledge from animal models provides the foundations of pharmacologic and immunological interventions to control disturbances associated with conditions that are exacerbated by emotional stress, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Guzmán-Mejía
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, CP 04960 Mexico City, Mexico; (F.G.-M.); (A.V.-B.)
| | - Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, CP 11340 Mexico City, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (M.G.-V.); (M.E.D.-S.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6000 (ext. 62743) (M.G.-V.); +52-55-5483-7000 (ext. 3624) (M.E.D.-S.)
| | - Alan Vega-Bautista
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, CP 04960 Mexico City, Mexico; (F.G.-M.); (A.V.-B.)
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, CP 11340 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, CP 04960 Mexico City, Mexico; (F.G.-M.); (A.V.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-V.); (M.E.D.-S.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6000 (ext. 62743) (M.G.-V.); +52-55-5483-7000 (ext. 3624) (M.E.D.-S.)
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Tavassolifar MJ, Changaei M, Salehi Z, Ghasemi F, Javidan M, Nicknam MH, Pourmand MR. Redox imbalance in Crohn's disease patients is modulated by Azathioprine. Redox Rep 2021; 26:80-84. [PMID: 33882797 PMCID: PMC8079067 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1915665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease without a specific cause. Inflammation in these patients can disturb the oxidants/antioxidants balance and results in oxidative stress that plays a destructive role. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of sod1, sod2, cat, nrf2 and gp91phox in CD patients before and after Azathioprine (Aza) consumption. Method Peripheral bloodmononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from CD patients (n= 15, mean age = 33.6 ± 1.8) before and after treatment with Aza and healthy controls (n= 15, mean age = 31.5 ± 1.2). The expression levels of sod1, sod2, cat, nrf2 and gp91phox were measured in byusing real-time qRT-PCR technique. Result The expression levels of gp91phox (P-value < 0.001), cat (P-value < 0.05), sod1 (P-value < 0.001), nrf2 (P-value < 0.001) were significantly increased compared to control group. Following treatment with Aza, the decreased expression levels of gp91phox (P-value < 0.05), cat (P-value < 0.05), sod1(P-value < 0.001) and nrf2 (P-value < 0.001) were observed in CD patients. Conclusion Overall, our results showed that prescription of Azathioprine can lead to the altered expression of redox system-related genes in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Changaei
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Javidan
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wauters L, Ceulemans M, Frings D, Lambaerts M, Accarie A, Toth J, Mols R, Augustijns P, De Hertogh G, Van Oudenhove L, Tack J, Vanuytsel T. Proton Pump Inhibitors Reduce Duodenal Eosinophilia, Mast Cells, and Permeability in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1521-1531.e9. [PMID: 33346007 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite the growing recognition of duodenal alterations in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD), the effect and mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or first-line therapy remain unclear. We studied duodenal and systemic alterations in relation to PPI therapy in patients with FD and healthy volunteers (HVs). METHODS We performed a prospective interventional study assessing symptoms (Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index), duodenal alterations, and systemic factors in patients with FD ("FD-starters") and HVs before and after PPI therapy (pantoprazole 40 mg once daily for 4 weeks). Duodenal mucosal eosinophils, mast cells and permeability were quantified. Luminal pH and bile salts were determined in duodenal aspirates. Procedures were also performed in PPI-refractory patients with FD ("FD-stoppers") before and 8 weeks after PPI withdrawal. Between- and within-group changes from baseline and associations with duodenal or systemic factors were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS The study was completed by 30 HV, 27 FD-starters, and 18 FD-stoppers. Symptoms and duodenal eosinophils, mast cells (all, P < .0001), and paracellular passage (P = .02) were significantly higher in FD-starters vs HVs and reduced with PPI therapy. Symptoms and duodenal immune cells also decreased in FD-stoppers off PPIs. In contrast, immune cells and permeability increased in HVs on PPIs. Dyspeptic symptoms correlated with eosinophils before and during PPI therapy, and increased eosinophils and permeability in HVs on PPIs were associated with changes in bile salts. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first prospective evidence for eosinophil-reducing effects as a therapeutic mechanism of PPIs in FD, with differential effects in HVs pointing to a role of luminal changes. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT03545243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wauters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Ceulemans
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dennis Frings
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Lambaerts
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alison Accarie
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joran Toth
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Mols
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bear T, Dalziel J, Coad J, Roy N, Butts C, Gopal P. The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis and Resilience to Developing Anxiety or Depression under Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:723. [PMID: 33807290 PMCID: PMC8065970 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodes of depression and anxiety commonly follow the experience of stress, however not everyone who experiences stress develops a mood disorder. Individuals who are able to experience stress without a negative emotional effect are considered stress resilient. Stress-resilience (and its counterpart stress-susceptibility) are influenced by several psychological and biological factors, including the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Emerging research shows that the gut microbiota can influence mood, and that stress is an important variable in this relationship. Stress alters the gut microbiota and plausibly this could contribute to stress-related changes in mood. Most of the reported research has been conducted using animal models and demonstrates a relationship between gut microbiome and mood. The translational evidence from human clinical studies however is rather limited. In this review we examine the microbiome-gut-brain axis research in relation to stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bear
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (C.B.); (P.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.D.); (N.R.)
| | - Julie Dalziel
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.D.); (N.R.)
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Nicole Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.D.); (N.R.)
- Department of Human Nutrition, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand
| | - Christine Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (C.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Pramod Gopal
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (C.B.); (P.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.D.); (N.R.)
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Li CC, Gan L, Tan Y, Yan MZ, Liu XM, Chang Q, Pan RL. Chronic restraint stress induced changes in colonic homeostasis-related indexes and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in rats. J Proteomics 2021; 240:104190. [PMID: 33766670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stressors represented risk factors for the etiology or exacerbation of several gastrointestinal diseases. The goal of the present study was to examine whether chronic restraint stress (CRS) could initiate and aggravate colonic inflammation, integrity damage and metabolic disturbance of rats. Firstly, increased inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10(IL-10)) and decreased tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin and zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1)) in rat colon were observed. Secondly, untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) revealed that TRP metabolism was the most prominently affected. Thirdly, quantification of TRP and its metabolites via prominence ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled with a QTRAP 5500 mass (UFLC-QTRAP-5500/MS) showed that TRP, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) were significantly increased. At the same time, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was unchanged and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) was significantly decreased in the colon of CRS rats. Besides, TRP metabolic enzyme changes were with the same trends as the corresponding metabolites. Thus, our data showed that CRS could initiate colonic inflammation, integrity damage and colonic metabolism disturbance, especially TRP-KYN metabolism pathway of rats, which may provide an experimental background for future research on stress-related gastrointestinal dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic exposure to psychological stress could induce metabolic imbalance of the body, and stressful life events were intimately correlated with frequent relapses in patients with intestinal disorders. The present study showed that chronic restraint stress (CRS) could initiate and aggravate colonic inflammation, integrity damage and metabolic disturbance, especially tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism of rats. Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway may be involved in the initiation and development of diseases induced by chronic stress. This research may shed light on future research on stress-related gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Long Gan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chao G, Hong X, Zhang S. Effects of Mast Cells Induced by NSAIDs Impair Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function In Vivo and In Vitro. Inflammation 2021; 44:1396-1404. [PMID: 33566258 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the correlation between altered expression of mast cells and PAR-2 and impaired mucosal barrier in NSAIDs enteropathy through animal and cell experiments, and to elucidate the role of mast cells and PAR-2 in the pathogenesis of NSAIDs enteropathy and the regulatory mechanism of the tight junction of intestinal epithelium. Animal experiments: the NSAIDs-related small intestine injury model was established by intragastric administration of diclofenac sodium, and mast cells were detected by toluidine blue staining. Cell experiments: Intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) was applied with diclofenac sodium and its activity was detected by CCK-8.IEC-6 and RBL-2H3 were co-cultured to evaluate the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells by detecting the concentration of potassium ion and LDH. The expressions of tight junction proteins (zo-1, claudin-1, occludin), cytoskeletal components (actin, tubulin, keratin) and par-2 were analyzed by Western Blot. In animal experiments, the number of mast cells was significantly increased after 24 h of action of diclofenac sodium. In cell experiments, the survival rate of IEC-6 cells decreased significantly when the concentration of diclofenac sodium is more than 50 μg/mL; after 24 h of co-culture, the potassium and LDH concentration in the co-culture group were significantly higher, and the expression of ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, tubulin, and keratin was decreased. Mast cells activate PAR-2 in intestinal epithelial cells, downregulate the related proteins of cell tight junctions and cytoskeletal proteins, and increase the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chao
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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44
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Luo D, Yang N, Liu Z, Li T, Wang H, Ge M, Zhang R. Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on intestinal inflammatory damage in goslings infected with gosling plague. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:353-360. [PMID: 33280441 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1859094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. This study explored the effects of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) on intestinal inflammatory damage of goslings infected with parvovirus ('gosling plague').2. A total of 90 healthy goslings were randomly divided into three groups; control, infected or APS treated, respectively. Goslings in the infection and APS treatment groups were inoculated with 0.3 ml allantoic fluid containing goose parvovirus (ELD50 = 1 × 103/0.3 ml) by intramuscular injection and the control group were injected with saline (0.3 ml) twice a day for 15 days.3. Blood serum and the jejunum were collected at 5, 10 and 15 days after the start of the experiment to detect the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, levels of MDA, sIgA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, LITAF, NF-κB, COX-2 and PGE2, pathological damage in the jejunum and serum IgG, IgM, C3, C4, IFN-γ levels.4. After APS treatment, SOD and GSH-Px activities increased, MDA content decreased; sIgA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α protein content, and IL-1β, IL-6, LITAF, NF-κB, COX-2 and PGE2 mRNA expression decreased in the jejunal tissue, serum IgG, IgM, C3, C4, IFN-γ significantly increased and pathological damage of jejunum significantly improved.5. In conclusion, APS reduced intestinal inflammatory damage in goslings infected with parvovirus by improving the immune and antioxidant functions of goslings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - N Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - T Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - H Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - M Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - R Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Kumari MV, Amarasiri L, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM. Functional abdominal pain disorders and asthma: two disorders, but similar pathophysiology? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:9-24. [PMID: 32909837 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1821652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and asthma are common ailments affecting both children and adults worldwide. Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between these two disorders. However, the exact reason for this observed association is not apparent. AREAS COVERED The current review has explored available literature and outlined multiple underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, common to both asthma and FAPDs, as possible reasons for this association. EXPERT OPINION Smooth muscle dysfunction, hypersensitivity and hyper-responsiveness, mucosal inflammation, and barrier dysfunction involving gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are the main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms described for the generation of symptoms in FAPDs and asthma. In addition, alterations in neuroendocrine regulatory functions, immunological dysfunction, and microbial dysbiosis have been described in both disorders. We believe that the pathophysiological processes that were explored in this article would be able to expand the mechanisms of the association. The in-depth knowledge is needed to be converted to therapeutic and preventive strategies to improve the quality of care of children suffering from FAPDs and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manori Vijaya Kumari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka , Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakmali Amarasiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo , Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Wang H, Sun Y, Xin J, Zhang T, Sun N, Ni X, Zeng D, Bai Y. Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 Prevents Psychological Stress-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Mice by Modulating the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1941. [PMID: 32903531 PMCID: PMC7438410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers are attempting to harness the advantages of the gut–brain axis to prevent neurocognitive disorders by enhancing intestinal health. In this study, four groups of ICR mice were orally gavaged with either phosphate-buffered saline (control and CW groups) or the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 (P and PW group; daily amounts of 2 × 108 colony-forming units) for 28 days. From days 22 to 28, the mice in the CW and PW groups were subjected to water-avoidance stress (WAS). The issue of whether psychological stress–induced memory dysfunction can be prevented via L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment to modulate the gut–brain axis was investigated. Results show that L. johnsonii BS15 enhanced gut development by increasing villus height in the jejunum and ileum as well as villus height:crypt depth ratio in the ileum. L. johnsonii BS15 increased the activities of digestive enzymes, including trypsin and lipase in the jejunum and ileum. The intestinal goblet cell number was also increased by L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment. Moreover, L. johnsonii BS15 balanced the gut microbiota by increasing the log10 DNA gene copies of Lactobacillus spp. and L. johnsonii and decreasing that of Enterobacteriaceae in the cecum. L. johnsonii BS15 also exerted preventive effects on intestinal permeability WAS by modulating diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels in the serum and mRNA expression levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum. L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment modulated inflammatory factors, specifically tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-10. L. johnsonii BS15 pretreatment improved their performance in two behavioral tests, namely the novel object and T-maze tests. This result indicates that psychological stress–induced memory dysfunction possibly could be prevented through the gut–brain axis. In addition, L. johnsonii BS15 exerted beneficial effects on the hippocampus by modulating memory-related functional proteins, especially those related to synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and stem cell factor. Moreover, L. johnsonii BS15 recovered antioxidant capacity and exerted protective effects on mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis in the hippocampus. Collectively, the modulation of the gut–brain axis by L. johnsonii BS15 could be considered a promising non-invasive treatment modality for psychological stress–induced memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinge Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Microecology Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Microecology Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Microecology Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Microecology Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Duff AF, Bielke LR, Relling AE. Technical note: fluorescein as an indicator of enteric mucosal barrier function in preruminant lambs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa198. [PMID: 32564064 PMCID: PMC7333214 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability can be observed during the physiologic stress response and has been linked to suppression of animal health and performance. Previously published data have shown the efficacy of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d; 4.17 mg/kg) as a marker of enteric inflammation and mucosal barrier function in multiple species. Fluorescein is a smaller, less expensive alternative molecule possessing similar properties. The following two experiments compared FITC-d and fluorescein as potential indicators of intestinal permeability in pre- and postweaned lambs administered daily intramuscular injections of dexamethasone (Dex; 0.1 mg/kg) for 1 wk. Experiment 1 consisted of five preweaned lambs that were placed in one of two treatment groups: fluorescein with Dex (F+Dex) or fluorescein only (F). On day 7, blood was collected before and 1 h after oral administration of fluorescein (50 mg/kg). Experiment 2 included 12 weaned lambs and four treatment groups: F+Dex, F, FITC-d with Dex (Fd+Dex), and FITC-d only (Fd). On day 7, blood was collected before and 2 h after oral administration of FITC-d (4.17 mg/kg) or fluorescein (50 mg/kg). Plasma fluorescence was reported as the ratio between T1h/T0 or T2h/T0 for experiment 1 or 2, respectively. Experiment 1 showed a significant increase in T1h/T0 ratio of F+Dex relative to F lambs (P = 0.05) indicative of increased leaky gut; however, no differences (P = 0.22) were obtained in experiment 2. Results of these experiments suggest fluorescein may serve as a suitable marker of enteric permeability in preruminant lambs, but not in those with functional rumens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
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Pacheva I, Ivanov I. Targeted Biomedical Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4430-4453. [PMID: 31801452 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191205091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represents presentations with impairment in communication and behaviour that vary considerably in their clinical manifestations and etiology as well as in their likely pathophysiology. A growing body of data indicates that the deleterious effect of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation, as well as their interconnections are important aspects of the pathophysiology of ASD. Glutathione deficiency decreases the mitochondrial protection against oxidants and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; immune dysregulation and inflammation inhibit mitochondrial function through TNF-α; autoantibodies against the folate receptors underpin cerebral folate deficiency, resulting in disturbed methylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Such pathophysiological processes can arise from environmental and epigenetic factors as well as their combined interactions, such as environmental toxicant exposures in individuals with (epi)genetically impaired detoxification. The emerging evidence on biochemical alterations in ASD is forming the basis for treatments aimed to target its biological underpinnings, which is of some importance, given the uncertain and slow effects of the various educational interventions most commonly used. METHODS Literature-based review of the biomedical treatment options for ASD that are derived from established pathophysiological processes. RESULTS Most proposed biomedical treatments show significant clinical utility only in ASD subgroups, with specified pre-treatment biomarkers that are ameliorated by the specified treatment. For example, folinic acid supplementation has positive effects in ASD patients with identified folate receptor autoantibodies, whilst the clinical utility of methylcobalamine is apparent in ASD patients with impaired methylation capacity. Mitochondrial modulating cofactors should be considered when mitochondrial dysfunction is evident, although further research is required to identify the most appropriate single or combined treatment. Multivitamins/multiminerals formulas, as well as biotin, seem appropriate following the identification of metabolic abnormalities, with doses tapered to individual requirements. A promising area, requiring further investigations, is the utilization of antipurinergic therapies, such as low dose suramin. CONCLUSION The assessment and identification of relevant physiological alterations and targeted intervention are more likely to produce positive treatment outcomes. As such, current evidence indicates the utility of an approach based on personalized and evidence-based medicine, rather than treatment targeted to all that may not always be beneficial (primum non nocere).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyana Pacheva
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University - Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
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Itomi Y, Tanaka T, Matsushita K, Kawamura T, Kojima T, Aso K, Matsumoto-Okano S, Tsukimi Y. Pharmacological evaluation of a novel corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor antagonist T-3047928 in stress-induced animal models in a comparison with alosetron. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13795. [PMID: 31970891 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are changes in bowel habits and abdominal pain. Psychological stress is the major pathophysiological components of IBS. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a well-known integrator in response to psychological stress. In this study, a novel CRF1 receptor antagonist T-3047928 was evaluated in stress-induced IBS models of rats to explore its potency for IBS. METHODS Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels after intravenous oCRH challenge were measured as a pharmacodynamic marker. Efficacies of oral T-3047928 were compared with oral alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, on conditioning fear stress (CFS)-induced defecation, restraint stress (RS)-induced acute visceral pain, specific alteration of rhythm in temperature (SART) stress-induced chronic visceral pain, and normal defecation. RESULTS T-3047928 (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition on oCRH-induced ACTH secretion. In disease models, T-3047928 suppressed fecal pellet output induced by CFS and improved both acute and chronic visceral hypersensitivity induced by RS and SART stress, respectively. Alosetron was also efficacious in stress-induced defecation and visceral pain models at 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Alosetron, however, also suppressed normal defecation at lower those. On the other hand, T-3047928 did not change normal defecation even at higher dose than those in disease models. CONCLUSION T-3047928 is an orally active CRF1 antagonist that demonstrated potent inhibitory effects in stress-associated IBS models with no effect on normal defecation. Therefore, it is suggested that T-3047928 may have a potency as a novel option for IBS-D therapy with minimal constipation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Itomi
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kozo Matsushita
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Kawamura
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuto Kojima
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiho Matsumoto-Okano
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsukimi
- Inflammation DDU, Pharmacological Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
Although the gut and brain are separate organs, they communicate with each other via trillions of intestinal bacteria that collectively make up one's gut microbiome. Findings from both humans and animals support a critical role of gut microbes in regulating brain function, mood, and behavior. Gut bacteria influence neural circuits that are notably affected in addiction-related behaviors. These include circuits involved in stress, reward, and motivation, with substance use influencing gut microbial abnormalities, suggesting significant gut-brain interactions in drug addiction. Given the overwhelming rates of opioid overdose deaths driven by abuse and addiction, it is essential to characterize mechanisms mediating the abuse potential of opioids. We discuss in this review the role of gut microbiota in factors that influence opioid addiction, including incentive salience, reward, tolerance, withdrawal, stress, and compromised executive function. We present clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and opioid-related behaviors by highlighting the effects of opioid use on gut bacteria, and the effects of gut bacteria on behavioral responses to opioids. Further, we discuss possible mechanisms of this gut-brain communication influencing opioid use. By clarifying the relationship between the gut microbiome and opioid-related behaviors, we improve understanding on mechanisms mediating reward-, motivation-, and stress-related behaviors and disorders, which may contribute to the development of effective, targeted therapeutic interventions in opioid dependence and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
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