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Iijima K. Etiologic factors for Barrett's esophagus: toward countermeasures in Asia. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:407-420. [PMID: 39072626 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2386367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past several decades, Europe and the United States have experienced a rapid increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Research and countermeasures against Barrett's esophagus, its precancerous lesion, are progressing. Because esophageal adenocarcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis when diagnosed in an advanced stage, recommendations for early cancer detection have been made based on the various proven etiological factors of Barrett's esophagus and the actual cancer risk of Barrett's esophagus. In recent years, there have been indications of an increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan, and a similar trend of cancer will occur shortly in other Asian countries. Consequently, Asian countries must implement similar countermeasures against Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, referencing the knowledge gained thus far in Europe and the United States. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest findings on the etiologic factors of Barrett's esophagus and discusses the differences between Westerners and Asians. The current status of Barrett's esophagus in Japan and other Asian countries is also summarized. EXPERT OPINION The etiological factors and cancer incidence of Barrett's esophagus in Asia diverge somewhat from those observed in Europe and America. Therefore, it is imperative to implement measures that are tailored to the actual circumstances of Asian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Ma R, Hu K, Dai S, Wang Y. Overexpression of transcription factor TBX5 inhibits the activation of YAP1-TEAD1 pathway to promote ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:150037. [PMID: 38735135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80 % of lung cancer (LC) cases, making it the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) is an important regulator of embryonic and organ development and plays a key role in cancer development. Here, our objective was to investigate the involvement of TBX5 in ferroptosis within LC cells and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS First, TBX5 expression was examined in human LC cells. Next, overexpression of TBX5 and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) and knockdown of TEA domain 1 (TEAD1) were performed in A549 and NCI-H1703 cells. The proliferation ability of A549 and NCI-H1703 cells, GSH, MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ levels were measured. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed to verify whether TBX5 protein could bind YAP1. Then TBX5, YAP1, TEAD1, GPX4, p53, FTH1, SLC7A11 and PTGS2 protein levels were assessed. Finally, we verified the effect of TBX5 on ferroptosis in LC cells in vivo. RESULTS TBX5 expression was down-regulated in LC cells, especially in A549 and NCI-H1703 cells. Overexpression of TBX5 significantly decreased proliferation ability of A549 and NCI-H1703 cells, downregulated GPX4 and GSH levels, and upregulated MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ levels. Co-IP verified that TBX5 protein could bind YAP1. Moreover, oe-YAP1 promoted proliferation ability of A549 and NCI-H1703 cells transfected with Lv-TBX5, upregulated GPX4 and GSH levels and downregulated MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ levels. Additionally, oe-YAP1 promoted FTH1 and SLC7A11 levels and inhibited p53 and PTGS2 levels in A549 and NCI-H1703 cells transfected with Lv-TBX5. However, transfection with si-TEAD1 further reversed these effects. In vivo experiments further validated that TBX5 promoted ferroptosis in LC cells. CONCLUSIONS TBX5 inhibited the activation of YAP1-TEAD1 pathway to promote ferroptosis in LC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Ma
- General Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Ke Hu
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
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Sui X, Feng P, Guo J, Chen X, Chen R, Zhang Y, He F, Deng F. Novel targets and their functions in the prognosis of uterine corpus endometrial cancer patients. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00856-1. [PMID: 38639843 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant mRNA expression is implicated in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) oncogenesis and progression. However, effective prognostic biomarkers for UCEC remain limited. We aimed to construct a reliable multi-gene risk model using gene expression profiles. Utilizing TCGA data (543 UCEC samples, 35 controls), we identified 1517 differentially acting genes. Weighted gene co-expression complex analysis (WGCCA), hub gene screening, and risk regression analysis (RRA) were employed to determine prognosis-related genes and construct the risk model. Nomograms visualized risk scores and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves assessed model performance. Seven novel prognosis-related hub genes (ANGPT1, ASB2, GAL, GDF7, ONECUT2, SV2B, TRPC6) were identified. The model's concordance index (C index) by multivariate Cox regression analysis was 0.79. ROC curves yielded AUCs of 0.811 (3-year) and 0.79 (5-year), demonstrating the model's efficacy in predicting UCEC survival. Our study proposes a promising seven-biomarker risk model for predicting UCEC prognosis, offering potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Harbin Medical University Daqing Campus, No. 39 Xinyang RoadHeilongjiang Province, Daqing City, China
| | - Xingtong Chen
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Falin He
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Feng Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wang X, Tian R, Zong X, Jeon MS, Luo J, Colditz GA, Wang JS, Tsilidis KK, Ju YES, Govindan R, Puri V, Cao Y. Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1079-1086. [PMID: 37195052 PMCID: PMC10525008 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors contributing to more than 10-fold increase in esophageal cancer in the last 50 years remain underexplored. We aim to examine the associations of sleep behaviors with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS We prospectively assessed the associations between sleep behaviors (chronotype, duration, daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, snoring, and insomnia) and EAC and ESCC risk in 393,114 participants in the UK Biobank (2006-2016). Participants with 0, 1, and ≥2 unhealthy behaviors, including sleep <6 or >9 h/d, daytime napping, and usual daytime sleepiness were classified as having a good, intermediate, and poor sleep. For EAC, we also examined interactions with polygenic risk score (PRS). Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We documented 294 incident EAC and 95 ESCC. Sleep >9 h/d (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.18-3.57) and sometimes daytime napping (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.75) were individually associated with increased EAC risk. Compared with individuals with good sleep, those with intermediate sleep had a 47% (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.91) increased EAC risk, and those with poor sleep showed an 87% (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.24-2.82) higher risk (Ptrend < 0.001). The elevated risks for EAC were similar within strata of PRS (Pinteraction = 0.884). Evening chronotype was associated with elevated risk of ESCC diagnosed after 2 years of enrollment (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.32-5.88). CONCLUSIONS Unhealthy sleep behaviors were associated with an increased risk of EAC, independent of genetic risk. IMPACT Sleep behaviors may serve as modifiable factors for the prevention of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ruiyi Tian
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Myung Sik Jeon
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Graham A. Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jean S. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yo-El S. Ju
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep (COBRAS), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Varun Puri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep (COBRAS), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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Schröder J, Chegwidden L, Maj C, Gehlen J, Speller J, Böhmer AC, Borisov O, Hess T, Kreuser N, Venerito M, Alakus H, May A, Gerges C, Schmidt T, Thieme R, Heider D, Hillmer AM, Reingruber J, Lyros O, Dietrich A, Hoffmeister A, Mehdorn M, Lordick F, Stocker G, Hohaus M, Reim D, Kandler J, Müller M, Ebigbo A, Fuchs C, Bruns CJ, Hölscher AH, Lang H, Grimminger PP, Dakkak D, Vashist Y, May S, Görg S, Franke A, Ellinghaus D, Galavotti S, Veits L, Weismüller J, Dommermuth J, Benner U, Rösch T, Messmann H, Schumacher B, Neuhaus H, Schmidt C, Wissinowski TT, Nöthen MM, Dong J, Ong JS, Buas MF, Thrift AP, Vaughan TL, Tomlinson I, Whiteman DC, Fitzgerald RC, Jankowski J, Vieth M, Mayr A, Gharahkhani P, MacGregor S, Gockel I, Palles C, Schumacher J. GWAS meta-analysis of 16 790 patients with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma identifies 16 novel genetic risk loci and provides insights into disease aetiology beyond the single marker level. Gut 2023; 72:612-623. [PMID: 35882562 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oesophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), with Barrett's oesophagus (BE) as a precursor lesion, is the most prevalent EC subtype in the Western world. This study aims to contribute to better understand the genetic causes of BE/EA by leveraging genome wide association studies (GWAS), genetic correlation analyses and polygenic risk modelling. DESIGN We combined data from previous GWAS with new cohorts, increasing the sample size to 16 790 BE/EA cases and 32 476 controls. We also carried out a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) using expression data from disease-relevant tissues to identify BE/EA candidate genes. To investigate the relationship with reported BE/EA risk factors, a linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analysis was performed. BE/EA risk models were developed combining clinical/lifestyle risk factors with polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the GWAS meta-analysis. RESULTS The GWAS meta-analysis identified 27 BE and/or EA risk loci, 11 of which were novel. The TWAS identified promising BE/EA candidate genes at seven GWAS loci and at five additional risk loci. The LDSR analysis led to the identification of novel genetic correlations and pointed to differences in BE and EA aetiology. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease appeared to contribute stronger to the metaplastic BE transformation than to EA development. Finally, combining PRS with BE/EA risk factors improved the performance of the risk models. CONCLUSION Our findings provide further insights into BE/EA aetiology and its relationship to risk factors. The results lay the foundation for future follow-up studies to identify underlying disease mechanisms and improving risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlo Maj
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gehlen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Speller
- Institute of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Clinic Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rene Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Reingruber
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Mehdorn
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gertraud Stocker
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Hohaus
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Städt. Klinikum Dresden Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Reim
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
| | - Jennis Kandler
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, University Hospital Marburg and Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alanna Ebigbo
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus-Essen GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter P Grimminger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dani Dakkak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sara Galavotti
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo Benner
- Gastroenterologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Messmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt
- Medical Clinic II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Infektiology), Klinikum Fulda, University Medicine Marburg-Campus Fulda, Fulda, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jing Dong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, and Genomic Sciences & Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Claire Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Institute of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ye D, Liu Y, Pan H, Feng Y, Lu X, Gan L, Wan J, Ye J. Insights into bone morphogenetic proteins in cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125642. [PMID: 36909186 PMCID: PMC9996008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secretory proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins play important roles in embryogenesis, bone morphogenesis, blood vessel remodeling and the development of various organs. In recent years, as research has progressed, BMPs have been found to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, cardiac remodeling, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). In this review, we summarized the potential roles and related mechanisms of the BMP family in the cardiovascular system and focused on atherosclerosis and PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liren Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Zheng Y, Niu X, Wei Q, Li Y, Li L, Zhao J. Familial Esophageal Cancer in Taihang Mountain, China: An Era of Personalized Medicine Based on Family and Population Perspective. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221129174. [PMID: 36300368 PMCID: PMC9618747 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Taihang Mountain areas, known as the “esophageal cancer zone” in China, the incidence of esophageal cancer (ESCA) ranks the first in the country and shows a familial and regional clustering trend. Taihang Mountain areas are located in a mountainous area, with inconvenient transportation, limited living conditions, unbalanced diet, and poor nutrition. Ninety percent of the pathological types of ESCA in Taihang Mountain areas are squamous cell carcinoma, among which the risk factors have not been well understood. These areas are usually remote villages and mountains with low population mobility, large family members, similar environmental factors, and a clear and stable genetic background. Therefore, according to the current situation, second-generation sequencing and multigroup analysis technology are used to analyze the familial ESCA patients; disease-related genetic variation are located; and then disease-related susceptibility genes associated with ESCA are screened and analyzed. Health education, tobacco control, endoscopic screening, and other health management projects for suspected and high-risk patients in areas with a high incidence of ESCA can be carried out for screening and early diagnosis, and the incidence of ESCA in Taihang Mountain areas can be reduced. A comprehensive continuous care pattern based on traditional medical nursing to track, monitor, evaluate, and intervene with patients diagnosed with ESCA to facilitate them with medications guidance, dietary guidance, and timely health problem-solving is established. Furthermore, statistical analysis of epidemiology, gene sequencing, and family genetics information can be performed on patients with ESCA in the Taihang Mountains areas to clarify the relationship between genetic phenotype and genotype during the occurrence of ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Biological Cell Therapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Jie Zhao, National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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8
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Wang X, Gharahkhani P, Levine DM, Fitzgerald RC, Gockel I, Corley DA, Risch HA, Bernstein L, Chow WH, Onstad L, Shaheen NJ, Lagergren J, Hardie LJ, Wu AH, Pharoah PDP, Liu G, Anderson LA, Iyer PG, Gammon MD, Caldas C, Ye W, Barr H, Moayyedi P, Harrison R, Watson RGP, Attwood S, Chegwidden L, Love SB, MacDonald D, deCaestecker J, Prenen H, Ott K, Moebus S, Venerito M, Lang H, Mayershofer R, Knapp M, Veits L, Gerges C, Weismüller J, Reeh M, Nöthen MM, Izbicki JR, Manner H, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Böhmer AC, Hölscher AH, Anders M, Pech O, Schumacher B, Schmidt C, Schmidt T, Noder T, Lorenz D, Vieth M, May A, Hess T, Kreuser N, Becker J, Ell C, Tomlinson I, Palles C, Jankowski JA, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S, Schumacher J, Vaughan TL, Buas MF, Dai JY. eQTL Set-Based Association Analysis Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci for Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1735-1745. [PMID: 35709760 PMCID: PMC9444939 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 20 susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett esophagus (BE), explaining a small portion of heritability. METHODS Using genetic data from 4,323 BE and 4,116 EAC patients aggregated by international consortia including the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON), we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) for BE/EAC, leveraging Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) gene-expression data from six tissue types of plausible relevance to EAC etiology: mucosa and muscularis from the esophagus, gastroesophageal (GE) junction, stomach, whole blood, and visceral adipose. Two analytical approaches were taken: standard TWAS using the predicted gene expression from local expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and set-based SKAT association using selected eQTLs that predict the gene expression. RESULTS Although the standard approach did not identify significant signals, the eQTL set-based approach identified eight novel associations, three of which were validated in independent external data (eQTL SNP sets for EXOC3, ZNF641, and HSP90AA1). CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel genetic susceptibility loci for EAC and BE using an eQTL set-based genetic association approach. IMPACT This study expanded the pool of genetic susceptibility loci for EAC and BE, suggesting the potential of the eQTL set-based genetic association approach as an alternative method for TWAS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M. Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London
| | | | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley A. Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Northern Ireland
| | - Prasad G. Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Barr
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - RG Peter Watson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen Attwood
- Department of General Surgery, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon B. Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - David MacDonald
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John deCaestecker
- Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hans Prenen
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospitals, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Harzklinik Goslar, Goslar, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Hamburg. Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Frankfurt Hoechst Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnulf H. Hölscher
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Contilia Center for Esophageal Diseases. Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew F. Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - James Y. Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Mechanisms and pathophysiology of Barrett oesophagus. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:605-620. [PMID: 35672395 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Barrett oesophagus, in which a metaplastic columnar mucosa that can predispose individuals to cancer development lines a portion of the distal oesophagus, is the only known precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, the incidence of which has increased profoundly over the past several decades. Most evidence suggests that Barrett oesophagus develops from progenitor cells at the oesophagogastric junction that proliferate and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition as part of a wound-healing process that replaces oesophageal squamous epithelium damaged by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD also seems to induce reprogramming of key transcription factors in the progenitor cells, resulting in the development of the specialized intestinal metaplasia that is characteristic of Barrett oesophagus, probably through an intermediate step of metaplasia to cardiac mucosa. Genome-wide association studies suggest that patients with GERD who develop Barrett oesophagus might have an inherited predisposition to oesophageal metaplasia and that there is a shared genetic susceptibility to Barrett oesophagus and to several of its risk factors (such as GERD, obesity and cigarette smoking). In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms, pathophysiology, genetic predisposition and cells of origin of Barrett oesophagus, and opine on the clinical implications and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda F Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Oesophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Center for Oesophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Stuart J Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Oesophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Center for Oesophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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10
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Lamare FA, Khongsti S, Marthong L, Ghosh S, Chenkual S, Dkhar H, Maitra A, Ghosh S. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of stomach cancer in the ethnic population of Mizoram, North East India. Genomics 2022; 114:110478. [PMID: 36064073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer in terms of prevalence and incidence and the fourth leading cause of mortality in men and women worldwide. It is well-established that aberrant DNA methylation in cells can lead to carcinogenesis. The primary objective of our study was to investigate the aberrant DNA methylation status of genes associated with stomach cancer with a particular reference to the ethnic population of Mizoram, North East India. The site-level analysis identified 2883 CpG sites differentially methylated, representing ~922 genes. Out of which 476 Differentially Methylated Positions (DMPs) were promoter-associated, 452 DMPs were hypermethylated, and 24 were hypomethylated. The region-level analysis identified 462 Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) corresponding to ~320 genes, of which ~281 genes were hypermethylated and ~ 40 genes were hypomethylated. TCGA analysis showed that some of the genes had been previously implicated in other cancers including stomach cancer. Five hypermethylated genes were selected as candidate genes for further investigations and they have shown to be novel and could serve as candidate hypermethylation biomarkers for stomach cancer in this particular ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Lamare
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India
| | - S Khongsti
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India
| | - L Marthong
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India
| | - S Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - H Dkhar
- Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, India
| | - A Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India.
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11
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Ma SZ, Chen HX, Liang ZD, Qi XS. Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus: Recent advances. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:605-613. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i14.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common malignant tumor of the esophagus in the West. During the past few decades, its morbidity has been increasing in China. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as the replacement of normal squamous epithelium in the lower esophagus by metaplasia of columnar epithelium. BE is closely related to the occurrence of EAC. Knowledge regarding the risk factors for the occurrence and development of BE is of great significance for early screening and diagnosis of BE and prevention of EAC. In this paper, we review the clinical, demographics-related, lifestyle-related, and medications-related risk factors for BE to provide more valuable scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ze Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China,Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong-Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China,Graduate School of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing-Shun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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Ali MW, Chen J, Yan L, Wang X, Dai JY, Vaughan TL, Casey G, Buas MF. A risk variant for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma at chr8p23.1 affects enhancer activity and implicates multiple gene targets. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3975-3986. [PMID: 35766871 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nineteen genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Clinical translation of such discoveries, however, has been hindered by the slow pace of discovery of functional/causal variants and gene targets at these loci. We previously developed a systematic informatics pipeline to prioritize candidate functional variants using functional potential scores, applied the pipeline to select high-scoring BE/EAC risk loci, and validated a functional variant at chr19p13.11 (rs10423674). Here, we selected two additional prioritized loci for experimental interrogation: chr3p13/rs1522552 and chr8p23.1/rs55896564. Candidate enhancer regions encompassing these variants were evaluated using luciferase reporter assays in two EAC cell lines. One of the two regions tested exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity - 8p23.1/rs55896564. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the putative enhancer in EAC cell lines correlated with reduced expression of three candidate gene targets: B lymphocyte kinase (BLK), nei like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), and cathepsin B (CTSB). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping in normal esophagus and stomach revealed strong associations between the BE/EAC risk allele at rs55896564 (G) and lower expression of CTSB, a protease gene implicated in epithelial wound repair. These results further support the utility of functional potential scores for GWAS variant prioritization, and provide the first experimental evidence of a functional variant and risk enhancer at the 8p23.1 GWAS locus. Identification of CTSB, BLK, and NEIL2 as candidate gene targets suggests that altered expression of these genes may underlie the genetic risk association at 8p23.1 with BE/EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Wagdy Ali
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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13
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Meng W, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang A, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wu W, Qiu Y, Li L. ZhenQi FuZheng formula inhibits the growth of colorectal tumors by modulating intestinal microflora-mediated immune function. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4769-4785. [PMID: 35680568 PMCID: PMC9217701 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zhenqi Fuzheng formula (ZQFZ), of which the main ingredients are Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum, has immune system regulatory functions and potential anti-tumor bioactivity. The inhibition of colorectal tumor growth by ZQFZ was analyzed in inflammatory cells and B6/JGpt-Apcem1Cin(MinC)/Gpt (ApcMin/+) mice. ZQFZ exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. After 56 days of treatment, ZQFZ alleviated the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and increased the body weight and thymic index values of the ApcMin/+ mice. An analysis of the intestinal microflora showed that ZQFZ affected the abundance of certain immune-related bacteria, which may explain its immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the percentages of T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood were significantly increased and 15 immune-related cytokines were regulated in serum or the colon or both. ZQFZ upregulated the levels of CD4 and CD8 in the spleen and colorectal tumors and decreased the expression levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed death-ligand 1 in colorectal tumors. ZQFZ promoted an anti-tumor immune response and inhibited the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the immune system. This study provides the experimental basis for the application of ZQFZ as a therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Anhui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wanyue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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14
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ten Kate CA, de Klein A, de Graaf BM, Doukas M, Koivusalo A, Pakarinen MP, van der Helm R, Brands T, IJsselstijn H, van Bever Y, Wijnen RM, Spaander MC, Brosens E. Intrinsic Cellular Susceptibility to Barrett's Esophagus in Adults Born with Esophageal Atresia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030513. [PMID: 35158780 PMCID: PMC8833471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We investigated the increased prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus in adults with esophageal atresia. A higher polygenic risk score and disturbances in inflammatory, stress response and oncological pathways upon acid exposure suggest a genetic susceptibility and increased induction of inflammatory processes. Although further research is required to explore this hypothesis, this could be a first-step into selecting patients that are more at risk to develop Barrett’s esophagus and/or esophageal carcinoma. Currently, an endoscopic screening and surveillance program is in practice in our institution for patients born with esophageal atresia, to early detect (pre)malignant lesions. Since recurrent endoscopies can be a burden for the patient, selecting patients by for example genetic susceptibility would allow to only include those at risk in future practice. Abstract The prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in adults born with esophageal atresia (EA) is four times higher than in the general population and presents at a younger age (34 vs. 60 years). This is (partly) a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Given the overlap between genes and pathways involved in foregut and BE development, we hypothesized that EA patients have an intrinsic predisposition to develop BE. Transcriptomes of Esophageal biopsies of EA patients with BE (n = 19, EA/BE); EA patients without BE (n = 44, EA-only) and BE patients without EA (n = 10, BE-only) were compared by RNA expression profiling. Subsequently, we simulated a reflux episode by exposing fibroblasts of 3 EA patients and 3 controls to acidic conditions. Transcriptome responses were compared to the differential expressed transcripts in the biopsies. Predisposing single nucleotide polymorphisms, associated with BE, were slightly increased in EA/BE versus BE-only patients. RNA expression profiling and pathway enrichment analysis revealed differences in retinoic acid metabolism and downstream signaling pathways and inflammatory, stress response and oncological processes. There was a similar effect on retinoic acid signaling and immune response in EA patients upon acid exposure. These results indicate that epithelial tissue homeostasis in EA patients is more prone to acidic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A. ten Kate
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care Children, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.K.); (H.I.); (R.M.H.W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Bianca M. de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Children’s Hospital, 281, 000290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki, Children’s Hospital, 281, 000290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Robert van der Helm
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Tom Brands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - Hanneke IJsselstijn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care Children, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.K.); (H.I.); (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
| | - René M.H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care Children, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.K.); (H.I.); (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Manon C.W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (B.M.d.G.); (R.v.d.H.); (T.B.); (Y.v.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-70-37643
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15
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Jin Q, Jiang X, Du X, Hu W, Bai S, Wang X, Xu B, Zhao W. Integrated Transcriptome and Multiple Activated Pathways in Endometrial Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:680331. [PMID: 34925436 PMCID: PMC8678463 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the incidence of endometrial cancer is notably increasing worldwide, it has become the leading gynecologic cancer in the United States. Standard treatment results in the loss of reproductive function in women of childbearing age. Furthermore, advanced cancer stages are associated with poor overall survival. The aim of this study was to explore the abnormal expression profile of genes during the development of endometrial cancer, which is essential to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. Five pairs of endometrial cancer tissues and normal endometrial tissues were subjected to next-generation transcriptome sequencing technology. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the expression profile of key differentially expressed genes (2.0-fold change, adj. p < 0.05) (DEGs) identified in the RNA-seq result. GO and KEGG pathways were used for bioinformatic analyses. The transcriptomic sequencing results showed 1153 DEGs, including 673 upregulated and 480 downregulated genes, in the EC specimens. Decreased expression of ID1, IGF1, GDF7, SMAD9, TGF-beta and WNT4, as well as GDF5, INHBA and ERBB4 overexpression, were confirmed in EC using RT-qPCR. Additionally, EC tissue exhibited marked enrichment in genes promoting cellular adhesion, proliferation, migration and plasma membrane. KEGG analysis revealed changes in various pathways, such as the TGF-beta, PI3K-Akt, Wnt, and estrogen pathways. Our data describe the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of EC, which may be potential diagnostic markers and targets of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, 901th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hefei, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shun Bai
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Xu, ; Weidong Zhao,
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Xu, ; Weidong Zhao,
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16
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Mittal SK, Abdo J, Adrien MP, Bayu BA, Kline JR, Sullivan MM, Agrawal DK. Current state of prognostication, therapy and prospective innovations for Barrett's-related esophageal adenocarcinoma: a literature review. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1197-1214. [PMID: 34532080 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates in oncology. The reasons for poor survival are twofold: the large majority of diagnoses are in advanced stages (~80%) and limited treatment options, with a deficit of biology-guided therapies. As a rapidly growing public health concern with poor prognosis, research into the molecular progression for BE and novel therapeutics for EAC currently has high clinical utility. Review of the literature reveals that innovative analysis of metaplastic progression from BE to EAC at a molecular level can shed light on the underlying transformative probabilities of BE into malignant pathologies and may impact current of future therapeutic modalities for management of these diseases. Background EAC is the fastest increasing cancer in the United States with a 600% increase over the past 25 years. This cancer arises from dysplastic tissue of BE, a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Chronic acid and bile reflux in the distal esophagus initiates a metaplastic conversion of normal squamous epithelium to premalignant intestinalized columnar epithelium. Patients with BE have a 125-fold higher risk of cancer compared to the general population. Methods We critically reviewed the current status of BE monitoring, and subsequent therapeutic strategies being used in patients who have progressed to cancer. Also, new diagnostic tools and therapeutic candidates for BE-related EAC are discussed. Highly-targeted searches of databases containing recent original peer-reviewed papers were utilized for this review. Conclusions Novel and well-described biomarkers analyzed in the patient's diseased tissue will provide for more powerful diagnostics, but also possess the potential to develop strategies for personalized management and identify targets for intervention to either cease disease progression or treat BE and/or EAC. Since millions of Americans develop BE without progressing to cancer, there is a critical need to identify the small percentage of Barrett's patients who possess hallmarks of disease progression or carcinogenesis with novel screening techniques. Incorporation of such tools into standard screening protocols for BE surveillance and/or therapy would be critical to detect malignant transformations before clinically obvious cancer ever develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet K Mittal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joe Abdo
- Stella Diagnostics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Malika P Adrien
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Binyam A Bayu
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jay R Kline
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Molly M Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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17
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Chen J, Ali MW, Yan L, Dighe SG, Dai JY, Vaughan TL, Casey G, Buas MF. Prioritization and functional analysis of GWAS risk loci for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:410-422. [PMID: 34505128 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ~ 20 genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE). Despite such advances, functional/causal variants and gene targets at these loci remain undefined, hindering clinical translation. A key challenge is that most causal variants map to non-coding regulatory regions such as enhancers, and typically, numerous potential candidate variants at GWAS loci require testing. We developed a systematic informatics pipeline for prioritizing candidate functional variants via integrative functional potential scores consolidated from multi-omics annotations, and used this pipeline to identify two high-scoring variants for experimental interrogation: chr9q22.32/rs11789015 and chr19p13.11/rs10423674. Minimal candidate enhancer regions spanning these variants were evaluated using luciferase reporter assays in two EAC cell lines. One of the two variants tested (rs10423674) exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the putative enhancer region in EAC cell lines correlated with reduced expression of two genes-CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP); expression of five other genes remained unchanged (CRLF1, KLHL26, TMEM59L, UBA52, RFXANK). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping indicated that rs10423674 genotype correlated with CRTC1 and COMP expression in normal esophagus. This study represents the first experimental effort to bridge GWAS associations to biology in BE/EAC, and supports the utility of functional potential scores to guide variant prioritization. Our findings reveal a functional variant and candidate risk enhancer at chr19p13.11, and implicate CRTC1 and COMP as putative gene targets, suggesting that altered expression of these genes may underlie the BE/EAC risk association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA
| | - Mourad Wagdy Ali
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA
| | - Shruti G Dighe
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263 USA
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18
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Cheng L, Han T, Chen B, Nie K, Peng W. TBX5-AS1, an enhancer RNA, is a potential novel prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:794. [PMID: 34238250 PMCID: PMC8268367 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are demonstrated to be closely associated with tumourigenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of eRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unclear. Thus, a comprehensive analysis was constructed to identify the key eRNAs, and to explore the clinical utility of the identified eRNAs in LUAD. METHODS First, LUAD expression profile data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and eRNA-relevant information were integrated for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Spearman's correlation analysis to filtered the key candidate eRNAs that was associated with survival rate and their target genes in LUAD. Then, the key eRNA was selected for subsequent clinical correlation analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were undertaken to explore the potential signaling pathways of the key eRNA. Data from the human protein atlas (HPA) database were used to validate the outcomes and the quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was conducted to measure eRNA expression levels in tumor tissues and paired normal adjacent tissues from LUAD patients. Finally, the eRNAs were validated in pan-cancer. RESULTS As a result, TBX5-AS1 was identified as the key eRNA, which has T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) as its regulatory target. KEGG analysis indicated that TBX5-AS1 may exert a vital role via the PI3K/AKT pathway, Ras signaling pathway, etc. Additionally, the qRT-PCR results and the HPA database indicated that TBX5-AS1 and TBX5 were significantly downregulated in tumour samples compared to matched-adjacent pairs. The pan-cancer validation results showed that TBX5-AS1 was associated with survival in four tumors, namely, adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), LUAD, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Correlations were found between TBX5-AS1 and its target gene, TBX5, in 26 tumor types. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicated that TBX5-AS1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients and promote the targeted therapy of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya school of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Kechao Nie
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 Guangdong China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People’s Republic of China
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19
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Global burden and epidemiology of Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:432-443. [PMID: 33603224 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a global health problem; in 2018 there were more than 572,000 people newly diagnosed with oesophageal cancer worldwide. There are two main histological subtypes of oesophageal cancer, oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and there has been a dramatic shift in its epidemiology. While the incidence of EAC and its precursor lesion, Barrett oesophagus, has increased in Western populations over the past four decades, the incidence of ESCC has declined in most parts of the world over the same period. ESCC still accounts for the vast majority of all oesophageal cancer cases diagnosed worldwide each year. Prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer is strongly related to stage at diagnosis. As most patients are diagnosed with late-stage disease, overall 5-year survival for oesophageal cancer remains <20%. Knowledge of epidemiology and risk factors for oesophageal cancer is essential for public health and clinical decisions about risk stratification, screening and prevention. The goal of this Review is to establish the current epidemiology of oesophageal cancer, with a particular focus on the Western world and the increasing incidence of EAC and Barrett oesophagus.
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20
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De A, Zhou J, Liu P, Huang M, Gunewardena S, Mathur SC, Christenson LK, Sharma M, Zhang Q, Bansal A. Forkhead box F1 induces columnar phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cells to initiate Barrett's like metaplasia. J Transl Med 2021; 101:745-759. [PMID: 33495575 PMCID: PMC9296259 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked Forkhead Box F1 (FOXF1) to Barrett's esophagus (BE). Understanding whether FOXF1 is involved in initiation of Barrett's metaplasia could allow FOXF1 to be used for risk stratification and for therapy. Two-dimensional cell cultures and three-dimensional organoid cultures and well-annotated human biopsies were used to determine the role of FOXF1 in BE pathogenesis. Multiple established esophageal squamous and BE cell lines were tested in gain- and loss-of-function studies. Initiation of a BE-like metaplastic change was evaluated by measuring characteristic cytokeratins and global gene expression profiling and by culturing organoids. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by immunostaining for E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, and by cell motility assay. Columnar esophageal epithelium of BE patients exhibited higher expression of FOXF1 compared to normal squamous esophageal epithelium of GERD patients (P < 0.001). Acidic bile salts induced nuclear FOXF1 in esophageal squamous cells. FOXF1 overexpression in normal esophageal squamous cells: (a) increased columnar cytokeratins and decreased squamous cytokeratins, (b) converted squamous organoids to glandular organoids, and (c) switched global gene profiles to resemble that of human BE epithelium (P = 2.1685e - 06 for upregulated genes and P = 8.3378e - 09 for downregulated genes). FOXF1 inhibition in BE cell lines led to loss of BE differentiation markers, CK7, and mucin 2. Also, FOXF1 induced EMT and promoted cell motility in normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells. FOXF1-induced genes mapped to pathways such as Cancer, Cellular Assembly and Organization, DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair. In conclusion, FOXF1 promotes a BE-like columnar phenotype and cell motility in esophageal squamous epithelial cells, which may have a critical role in BE development. FOXF1 should be studied further as a biomarker for BE and as a target for BE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok De
- Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO, USA
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO, USA
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Pi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Manling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sharad C Mathur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO, USA
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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21
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Elliott JA, Reynolds JV. Visceral Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627270. [PMID: 33777773 PMCID: PMC7994523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represents an exemplar of obesity-associated carcinogenesis, with a progressive increase in EAC risk with increased body mass index. In this context, there is increased focus on visceral adipose tissue and associated metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, or combinations of these in the metabolic syndrome. Visceral obesity (VO) may promote EAC via both directly impacting on gastro-esophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus, as well as via reflux-independent effects, involving adipokines, growth factors, insulin resistance, and the microbiome. In this review these pathways are explored, including the impact of VO on the tumor microenvironment, and on cancer outcomes. The current evidence-based literature regarding the role of dietary, lifestyle, pharmacologic and surgical interventions to modulate the risk of EAC is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie A Elliott
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Antonowicz S, Bodai Z, Wiggins T, Markar SR, Boshier PR, Goh YM, Adam ME, Lu H, Kudo H, Rosini F, Goldin R, Moralli D, Green CM, Peters CJ, Habib N, Gabra H, Fitzgerald RC, Takats Z, Hanna GB. Endogenous aldehyde accumulation generates genotoxicity and exhaled biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1454. [PMID: 33674602 PMCID: PMC7935981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile aldehydes are enriched in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients' breath and could improve early diagnosis, however the mechanisms of their production are unknown. Here, we show that weak aldehyde detoxification characterizes EAC, which is sufficient to cause endogenous aldehyde accumulation in vitro. Two aldehyde groups are significantly enriched in EAC biopsies and adjacent tissue: (i) short-chain alkanals, and (ii) medium-chain alkanals, including decanal. The short-chain alkanals form DNA-adducts, which demonstrates genotoxicity and confirms inadequate detoxification. Metformin, a putative aldehyde scavenger, reduces this toxicity. Tissue and breath concentrations of the medium-chain alkanal decanal are correlated, and increased decanal is linked to reduced ALDH3A2 expression, TP53 deletion, and adverse clinical features. Thus, we present a model for increased exhaled aldehydes based on endogenous accumulation from reduced detoxification, which also causes therapeutically actionable genotoxicity. These results support EAC early diagnosis trials using exhaled aldehyde analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Antonowicz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zsolt Bodai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Wiggins
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Mei Goh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mina E Adam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haonan Lu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Cook MB, Thrift AP. Epidemiology of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Implications for Screening and Surveillance. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2021; 31:1-26. [PMID: 33213789 PMCID: PMC7887893 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma increased markedly since the 1970s with a recent stabilization. Despite evolving screening and surveillance strategies to diagnose, risk triage, and intervene in Barrett's esophagus patients to prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma, most cases present with advanced disease and poor resultant survival. Epidemiologic studies have identified the main risk factors for these conditions, including increasing age, male sex, white race, gastroesophageal reflux disease, abdominal obesity, cigarette smoking, and lack of infection with Helicobacter pylori. This review summarizes the current epidemiologic evidence with implications for screening and surveillance in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 6E430, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM307, Room 621D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Dighe SG, Chen J, Yan L, He Q, Gharahkhani P, Onstad L, Levine DM, Palles C, Ye W, Gammon MD, Iyer PG, Anderson LA, Liu G, Wu AH, Dai JY, Chow WH, Risch HA, Lagergren J, Shaheen NJ, Bernstein L, Corley DA, Prenen H, deCaestecker J, MacDonald D, Moayyedi P, Barr H, Love SB, Chegwidden L, Attwood S, Watson P, Harrison R, Ott K, Moebus S, Venerito M, Lang H, Mayershofer R, Knapp M, Veits L, Gerges C, Weismüller J, Gockel I, Vashist Y, Nöthen MM, Izbicki JR, Manner H, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Böhmer AC, Hölscher AH, Anders M, Pech O, Schumacher B, Schmidt C, Schmidt T, Noder T, Lorenz D, Vieth M, May A, Hess T, Kreuser N, Becker J, Ell C, Ambrosone CB, Moysich KB, MacGregor S, Tomlinson I, Whiteman DC, Jankowski J, Schumacher J, Vaughan TL, Madeleine MM, Hardie LJ, Buas MF. Germline variation in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:369-377. [PMID: 33300568 PMCID: PMC8052954 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), have uncovered significant genetic components of risk, but most heritability remains unexplained. Targeted assessment of genetic variation in biologically relevant pathways using novel analytical approaches may identify missed susceptibility signals. Central obesity, a key BE/EAC risk factor, is linked to systemic inflammation, altered hormonal signaling and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis dysfunction. Here, we assessed IGF-related genetic variation and risk of BE and EAC. Principal component analysis was employed to evaluate pathway-level and gene-level associations with BE/EAC, using genotypes for 270 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near 12 IGF-related genes, ascertained from 3295 BE cases, 2515 EAC cases and 3207 controls in the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) GWAS. Gene-level signals were assessed using Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) and SNP summary statistics from BEACON and an expanded GWAS meta-analysis (6167 BE cases, 4112 EAC cases, 17 159 controls). Global variation in the IGF pathway was associated with risk of BE (P = 0.0015). Gene-level associations with BE were observed for GHR (growth hormone receptor; P = 0.00046, false discovery rate q = 0.0056) and IGF1R (IGF1 receptor; P = 0.0090, q = 0.0542). These gene-level signals remained significant at q < 0.1 when assessed using data from the largest available BE/EAC GWAS meta-analysis. No significant associations were observed for EAC. This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation to date of inherited genetic variation in the IGF pathway and BE/EAC risk, providing novel evidence that variation in two genes encoding cell-surface receptors, GHR and IGF1R, may influence risk of BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti G Dighe
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qianchuan He
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Y Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Surgery, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA,Gastroenterology, San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hans Prenen
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - John deCaestecker
- Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David MacDonald
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh Barr
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Sharon B Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Attwood
- Department of General Surgery, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Peter Watson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Rebecca Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Biometry and Epidemiology, Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospitals, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of Surgery, Asklepios Harzklinik Goslar, Goslar, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Frankfurt Hoechst Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Contilia Center for Esophageal Diseases. Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology and Pneumology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janusz Jankowski
- Division of Medicine Kings Mill Hospital, Sherwood Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottinghamshire, UK,Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK,Dean’s Office, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), AL Ain, UAE
| | | | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret M Madeleine
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Correspondence may also be addressed to Laura J. Hardie. Tel: +44(0)113 343 7769;
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 716-845-4754;
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Dong J, Maj C, Tsavachidis S, Ostrom QT, Gharahkhani P, Anderson LA, Wu AH, Ye W, Bernstein L, Borisov O, Schröder J, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Liu G, Caldas C, Pharoah PD, Risch HA, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Venerito M, Schmidt T, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Schumacher B, Vashist Y, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Knapp M, Krawitz P, Böhmer A, Iyer PG, Reid BJ, Lagergren J, Shaheen NJ, Corley DA, Gockel I, Fitzgerald RC, Cook MB, Whiteman DC, Vaughan TL, Schumacher J, Thrift AP. Sex-Specific Genetic Associations for Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2065-2076.e1. [PMID: 32918910 PMCID: PMC9057456 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its premalignant lesion, Barrett's esophagus (BE), are characterized by a strong and yet unexplained male predominance (with a male-to-female ratio in EA incidence of up to 6:1). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 20 susceptibility loci for these conditions. However, potential sex differences in genetic associations with BE/EA remain largely unexplored. METHODS Given strong genetic overlap, BE and EA cases were combined into a single case group for analysis. These were compared with population-based controls. We performed sex-specific GWAS of BE/EA in 3 separate studies and then used fixed-effects meta-analysis to provide summary estimates for >9 million variants for male and female individuals. A series of downstream analyses were conducted separately in male and female individuals to identify genes associated with BE/EA and the genetic correlations between BE/EA and other traits. RESULTS We included 6758 male BE/EA cases, 7489 male controls, 1670 female BE/EA cases, and 6174 female controls. After Bonferroni correction, our meta-analysis of sex-specific GWAS identified 1 variant at chromosome 6q11.1 (rs112894788, KHDRBS2-MTRNR2L9, PBONF = .039) that was statistically significantly associated with BE/EA risk in male individuals only, and 1 variant at chromosome 8p23.1 (rs13259457, PRSS55-RP1L1, PBONF = 0.057) associated, at borderline significance, with BE/EA risk in female individuals only. We also observed strong genetic correlations of BE/EA with gastroesophageal reflux disease in male individuals and obesity in female individuals. CONCLUSIONS The identified novel sex-specific variants associated with BE/EA could improve the understanding of the genetic architecture of the disease and the reasons for the male predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, and Genomic Sciences & Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Carlo Maj
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland & Aberdeen Center for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Oleg Borisov
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Reid
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Huang W, Li P, Qiu X. [A Literature Review on the Role of TBX5 in Expression and Progression of Lung Cancer: Current Perspectives]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:883-888. [PMID: 32810974 PMCID: PMC7583881 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
T-box转录因子(T-box transcription factor gene, TBX)基因涉及器官的发生,TBX5在人的正常心脏和肺组织中表达水平最高。TBX5的缺乏可能导致胸廓发育畸形和膈肌发育异常,其异位表达和过表达会诱导细胞凋亡和抑制细胞生长。既往研究发现了TBX5在食管腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌和乳腺癌的发生和发展中的潜在作用。我们对TBX2亚家族的基因表达和预后之间的关系进行了综述,同时探究TBX5在调控肺癌发生发展机制中的研究进展。虽然TBX5和肺癌发生之间的关系尚不明确,不过TBX5可以显著抑制人体内肿瘤生长,其表达水平和肺癌的进展呈现负相关。由此,TBX5的基因表达水平和甲基化程度是潜在的表证肺癌增殖和转移的生物标志物,具有作为肺癌治疗靶点的潜力。
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Huang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiu
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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27
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Identification of an Individualized Prognostic Signature Based on the RWSR Model in Early-Stage Bladder Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9186546. [PMID: 32596394 PMCID: PMC7293744 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9186546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the fourth common cancer among males in the United States, which is also the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in old males. BLCA has a high recurrence rate, with over 50% of patients which has at least one recurrence within five years. Due to the complexity of the molecular mechanisms and heterogeneous cancer feature, BLCA clinicians find it hard to make an efficient management decision as they lack reliable assessment of mortality risk. Meanwhile, there is currently no screening suitable prognostic signature or method recommended for early detection, which is significantly important to early-stage detection and prognosis. In this study, a novel model, named the risk-weighted sparse regression (RWSR) model, is constructed to identify a robust signature for patients of early-stage BLCA. The 17-gene signature is generated and then validated as an independent prognostic factor in BLCA cohorts from GSE13507 and TCGA_BLCA datasets. Meanwhile, a risk score model is developed and validated among the 17-gene signature. The risk score is also considered an independent factor for prognosis prediction, which is confirmed through prognosis analysis. The Kaplan-Meier with the log-rank test is used to assess survival difference. Furthermore, the predictive capacity of the signature is proved through stratification analysis. Finally, an effective patient classification is completed by a combination of the 17-gene signature and stage information, which is for better survival prediction and treatment decisions. Besides, 11 genes in the signature, such as coiled-coil domain containing 73 (CCDC73) and protein kinase, DNA-activated, and catalytic subunit (PRKDC), are proved to be prognosis marker genes or strongly associated with prognosis and progress of other types of cancer in published literature already. As a result, this paper would more accurately predict a patient's prognosis and improve surveillance in the clinical setting, which may provide a quantitative and reliable decision-making basis for the treatment plan.
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28
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Yu Y, Creighton EK, Buckley RM, Lyons LA. A Deletion in GDF7 is Associated with a Heritable Forebrain Commissural Malformation Concurrent with Ventriculomegaly and Interhemispheric Cysts in Cats. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E672. [PMID: 32575532 PMCID: PMC7349246 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An inherited neurologic syndrome in a family of mixed-breed Oriental cats has been characterized as forebrain commissural malformation, concurrent with ventriculomegaly and interhemispheric cysts. However, the genetic basis for this autosomal recessive syndrome in cats is unknown. Forty-three cats were genotyped on the Illumina Infinium Feline 63K iSelect DNA Array and used for analyses. Genome-wide association studies, including a sib-transmission disequilibrium test and a case-control association analysis, and homozygosity mapping, identified a critical region on cat chromosome A3. Short-read whole genome sequencing was completed for a cat trio segregating with the syndrome. A homozygous 7 bp deletion in growth differentiation factor 7 (GDF7) (c.221_227delGCCGCGC [p.Arg74Profs]) was identified in affected cats, by comparison to the 99 Lives Cat variant dataset, validated using Sanger sequencing and genotyped by fragment analyses. This variant was not identified in 192 unaffected cats in the 99 Lives dataset. The variant segregated concordantly in an extended pedigree. In mice, GDF7 mRNA is expressed within the roof plate when commissural axons initiate ventrally-directed growth. This finding emphasized the importance of GDF7 in the neurodevelopmental process in the mammalian brain. A genetic test can be developed for use by cat breeders to eradicate this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Erica K. Creighton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Reuben M. Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
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29
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Jin EH, Park B, Kim YS, Choe EK, Choi SH, Kim JS, Jung SA. A Novel Susceptibility Locus Near GRIK2 Associated With Erosive Esophagitis in a Korean Cohort. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00145. [PMID: 32132452 PMCID: PMC7145042 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The male-predominant sex difference through the spectrum of erosive esophagitis to Barrett's esophagus is widely known. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) stratified by sex for identifying factors that can predict the endoscopically diagnosed erosive esophagitis. METHODS Erosive esophagitis was diagnosed by endoscopy and assessed for severity. We identified genetic factors associated with erosive esophagitis that accounted for the sex differences in a cohort of 4,242 participants via a GWAS. After quality control and imputation, genetic associations with erosive esophagitis were investigated by multivariate linear regression in 3,620 subjects. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with P < 5.0 × 10 were considered significant genome wide, and a genetic risk score was constructed for the prediction of erosive esophagitis risk. RESULTS Six genome-wide significant SNPs near the GRIK2 gene on chromosome 6 were found to be associated with erosive esophagitis only in male subjects. These were predictive of severity through a genetic risk score (P < 0.05), and the findings were validated in a cohort of 622 subjects (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION This is the first GWAS of erosive esophagitis, and we identified 6 genome-wide significant SNPs in male subjects. These SNPs could help explain the pathogenesis of erosive esophagitis and contribute to the understanding of sex differences. Further genetic investigation could allow for the prediction of high risk for erosive esophagitis and development of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Park
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Surgery, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Schröder J, Schüller V, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Becker J, Hess T, Kreuser N, Thieme R, Ludwig KU, Noder T, Venerito M, Veits L, Schmidt T, Fuchs C, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Dakkak D, Jansen-Winkeln B, Moulla Y, Lyros O, Niebisch S, Mehdorn M, Lang H, Lorenz D, Schumacher B, Mayershofer R, Vashist Y, Ott K, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Mangold E, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Knapp M, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Gockel I, Schumacher J, Böhmer AC. Identification of loci of functional relevance to Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Cross-referencing of expression quantitative trait loci data from disease-relevant tissues with genetic association data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227072. [PMID: 31891614 PMCID: PMC6938334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its precancerous condition Barrett's esophagus (BE) are multifactorial diseases with rising prevalence rates in Western populations. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data identified 14 BE/EA risk loci located in non-coding genomic regions. Knowledge about the impact of non-coding variation on disease pathology is incomplete and needs further investigation. The aim of the present study was (i) to identify candidate genes of functional relevance to BE/EA at known risk loci and (ii) to find novel risk loci among the suggestively associated variants through the integration of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and genetic association data. eQTL data from two BE/EA-relevant tissues (esophageal mucosa and gastroesophageal junction) generated within the context of the GTEx project were cross-referenced with the GWAS meta-analysis data. Variants representing an eQTL in at least one of the two tissues were categorized into genome-wide significant loci (P < 5×10-8) and novel candidate loci (5×10-8 ≤ P ≤ 5×10-5). To follow up these novel candidate loci, a genetic association study was performed in a replication cohort comprising 1,993 cases and 967 controls followed by a combined analysis with the GWAS meta-analysis data. The cross-referencing of eQTL and genetic data yielded 2,180 variants that represented 25 loci. Among the previously reported genome-wide significant loci, 22 eQTLs were identified in esophageal mucosa and/or gastroesophageal junction tissue. The regulated genes, most of which have not been linked to BE/EA etiology so far, included C2orf43/LDAH, ZFP57, and SLC9A3. Among the novel candidate loci, replication was achieved for two variants (rs7754014, Pcombined = 3.16×10-7 and rs1540, Pcombined = 4.16×10-6) which represent eQTLs for CFDP1 and SLC22A3, respectively. In summary, the present approach identified candidate genes whose expression was regulated by risk variants in disease-relevant tissues. These findings may facilitate the elucidation of BE/EA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vitalia Schüller
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral, and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H. Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral, and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dani Dakkak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Niebisch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Mehdorn
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anne C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Combined genetic mutations and DNA-methylated genes as biomarkers for endometrial cancer detection from cervical scrapings. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:170. [PMID: 31779688 PMCID: PMC6883641 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer is a common gynecologic cancer. Noninvasive molecular biomarkers for triage of high-risk patients for invasive procedures are needed. Based on the success of cytological Pap smear screening, cervical scrapings are a good source of DNA for molecular testing. In addition to genetic lesions, DNA methylation is a promising biomarker. We assessed the usefulness of combining genetic and epigenetic biomarkers from cervical scrapings to detect endometrial carcinomas. Methods We performed a retrospective case–control study of 96 consecutive cervical scrapings from patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent surgery for diagnostic evaluation. Thirty and 16 cases were diagnosed with type I and type II endometrial cancers, respectively. The remaining non-cancer cases included normal endometrium (n = 12), benign uterine lesions (n = 20), and endometrial hyperplasia (n = 18). Quantitative methylation-specific PCR and mass spectrometry were used for DNA methylation and genetic mutation analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the clinical performance of these candidate biomarkers. Results We tested the effectiveness of the methylation status of four genes (BHLHE22, CDO1, TBX5, and HAND2) in endometrial cancer detection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranged from 0.703 to 0.878, and panels of hypermethylated BHLHE22/CDO1/HAND2 (87.0% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity) and BHLHE22/CDO1/TBX5 (89.1% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity) showed significant differences and could distinguish benign from malignant endometrial lesions. The sensitivity and specificity in endometrial cancer detection for BHLHE22/CDO1 were 84.8% and 88.0%, respectively. Both type I and II endometrial carcinomas could be detected using a BHLHE22/CDO1-based methylation profile, suggesting that they may have common epigenomes. Moreover, PTEN and TP53 mutations were found in 63.3% of type I and 93.6% of type II endometrial cancers. Unexpectedly, PTEN and TP53 mutations were commonly found in cervical scrapings of the normal endometrium (25% and 33.3%, respectively) and in cases with benign uterine lesions (10% and 50%, respectively). Finally, combinations of any one mutation of PTEN and TP53 mutations had a sensitivity of 91.3%, but a specificity of only 42.0%. Conclusions Adding PTEN/TP53 mutation testing to BHLHE22/CDO1-based methylation testing did not improve the detection of endometrial cancer.
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Dong J, Gharahkhani P, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Liu G, Caldas C, Wu AH, Ye W, Onstad L, Anderson LA, Bernstein L, Pharoah PD, Risch HA, Corley DA, Fitzgerald RC, Iyer PG, Reid BJ, Lagergren J, Shaheen NJ, Vaughan TL, MacGregor S, Love S, Palles C, Tomlinson I, Gockel I, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Böhmer AC, Becker J, Kreuser N, Thieme R, Noder T, Venerito M, Veits L, Schmidt T, Schmidt C, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Lang H, Lorenz D, Schumacher B, Mayershofer R, Vashist Y, Ott K, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Knapp M, Peters WHM, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Jankowski J, Schumacher J, Neale RE, Whiteman DC, Thrift AP. No Association Between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Barrett's Esophagus or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:2227-2235.e1. [PMID: 30716477 PMCID: PMC6675666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiology studies of circulating concentrations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have produced conflicting results. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine the associations between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and risks of EAC and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization study using a 2-sample (summary data) approach. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3755967, rs10741657, rs12785878, rs10745742, rs8018720, and rs17216707) associated with circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D were used as instrumental variables. We collected data from 6167 patients with BE, 4112 patients with EAC, and 17,159 individuals without BE or EAC (controls) participating in the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium, as well as studies from Bonn, Germany, and Cambridge and Oxford, United Kingdom. Analyses were performed separately for BE and EAC. RESULTS Overall, we found no evidence for an association between genetically estimated 25(OH)D concentration and risk of BE or EAC. The odds ratio per 20 nmol/L increase in genetically estimated 25(OH)D concentration for BE risk estimated by combining the individual SNP association using inverse variance weighting was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.77-1.92; P = .41). The odds ratio for EAC risk, estimated by combining the individual SNP association using inverse variance weighting, was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.39-1.19; P = .18). CONCLUSIONS In a Mendelian randomization study, we found that low genetically estimated 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with risk of BE or EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison-Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Reid
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon Love
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilbert H M Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Cancer Aetiology and Prevention, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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An J, Gharahkhani P, Law MH, Ong JS, Han X, Olsen CM, Neale RE, Lai J, Vaughan TL, Gockel I, Thieme R, Böhmer AC, Jankowski J, Fitzgerald RC, Schumacher J, Palles C, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S. Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4219. [PMID: 31527586 PMCID: PMC6746768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by gastric acid entering the esophagus. GERD has high prevalence and is the major risk factor for Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We conduct a large GERD GWAS meta-analysis (80,265 cases, 305,011 controls), identifying 25 independent genome-wide significant loci for GERD. Several of the implicated genes are existing or putative drug targets. Loci discovery is greatest with a broad GERD definition (including cases defined by self-report or medication data). Further, 91% of the GERD risk-increasing alleles also increase BE and/or EA risk, greatly expanding gene discovery for these traits. Our results map genes for GERD and related traits and uncover potential new drug targets for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan An
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Cancer Aetiology and Prevention, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work, the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Lai
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Callahan ZM, Shi Z, Su B, Xu J, Ujiki M. Genetic variants in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: a literature review. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5393313. [PMID: 30888413 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a clinical challenge; metaplasia of the distal esophagus increases a patient's risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) significantly but the actual percentage of patients who progress is low. The current screening recommendations require frequent endoscopy and biopsy, which has inherent risk, high cost, and operator variation. Identifying BE patients genetically who are at high risk of progressing could deemphasize the role of endoscopic screening and create an opportunity for early therapeutic intervention. Genetic alterations in germline DNA have been identified in other disease processes and allow for early intervention or surveillance well before disease develops. The genetic component of BE remains mostly unknown and only a few genome-wide association studies exist on this topic. This review summarizes the current literature available that examines genetic alterations in BE and EAC with a particular emphasis on clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute
| | - Bailey Su
- Department of General Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem.,Department of General Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute
| | - Michael Ujiki
- Department of General Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) risk. In addition, environmental factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, and heartburn increase BE risk. However, data on potential interactions between these genetic and environmental factors on BE risk are scant. Understanding how genes and environmental risk factors interact may provide key insight into the pathophysiology of BE, and potentially identify opportunities for targeted prevention and treatment. The objectives of this study were to examine the main effects and the potential effect modification between known genetic loci (SNPs) and established environmental risk factors for BE. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study using data on 401 incident BE cases and 436 age-matched controls from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts, who gave blood and completed biennial questionnaires. Overall, we genotyped 46 SNPs identified in previous BE genome-wide association studies as well as SNPs in candidate genes related to BE susceptibility (i.e., related to excess body fat, fat distribution, factors associated with insulin resistance, and inflammatory mediators). A genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed to evaluate the combined effect of the selected SNPs on BE risk. Interactions between SNPs and BE risk factors were also assessed. RESULTS We observed a suggestive, but not statistically significant, association between our GRS and BE risk: a one-allele increase in the unweighted GRS increased the risk of BE by a factor of 1.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.44; P = 0.057). We did not observe any meaningful multiplicative interactions between smoking, alcohol consumption, or heartburn duration and BE genotypes. When we assessed the joint effect of weighted GRS and BE risk factors, we did not observe any significant interaction with alcohol and heartburn duration, whereas smoking showed a significant multiplicative interaction (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SNPs associated with BE at genome-wide significant levels can be combined into a GRS with a potential positive association with BE risk.
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Barrett's esophagus is negatively associated with eosinophilic esophagitis in Japanese subjects. Esophagus 2019; 16:168-173. [PMID: 30327893 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-018-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) are considered to be associated with T helper (Th) 2-mediated immune responses, the association between EoE and BE is unclear. We investigated the clinical relationship between EoE and BE. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study. The study included 95 patients with EoE and randomly selected age- and sex-matched controls who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy during a medical health check-up at Osaka City University in a ratio of 1:2 for comparison. We compared the clinical characteristics and the prevalence rate of BE, reflux esophagitis (RE), hiatal hernia, and atrophic gastritis between EoE patients and controls by univariate analysis. Furthermore, we performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the association of these factors with EoE. RESULTS On univariate analysis, the prevalence rate of BE was significantly lower in patients with EoE than in controls (2.1% vs. 13.2%; p = 0.00528). In contrast, the prevalence rate of RE was higher in EoE patients than in controls, but it was not statistically significant (absence and Grades A, B, and C: 74.7%, 18.9%, 5.3%, and 1.1% vs. 83.7%, 12.6%, 3.7%, and 0%; p = 0.193, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that BE was negatively associated with EoE (odds ratio: 0.132; 95% confidence interval: 0.0302-0.573; p = 0.00686). CONCLUSIONS BE is negatively associated with EoE in Japanese subjects. The mechanism behind the inverse relationship between EoE and BE should be examined.
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Konda VJA, Souza RF. Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Carcinoma: Can Biomarkers Guide Clinical Practice? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019; 21:14. [PMID: 30868278 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-019-0685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite gastrointestinal societal recommendations for endoscopic screening and surveillance of Barrett's esophagus, the rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma continue to rise. Furthermore, this current practice is costly to patients and the medical system without clear evidence of reduction in cancer mortality. The use of biomarkers to guide screening, surveillance, and treatment strategies might alleviate some of these issues. RECENT FINDINGS Incredible advances in biomarker identification, biomarker assays, and minimally-invasive modalities to acquire biomarkers have shown promising results. We will highlight recently published, key studies demonstrating where we are with using biomarkers for screening and surveillance in clinical practice, and what is on the horizon regarding novel non-invasive and minimally invasive methods to acquire biomarkers. Proof-of principle studies using in silico models demonstrate that biomarker-guided screening, surveillance, and therapeutic intervention strategies can be cost-effective and can reduce cancer deaths in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani J A Konda
- Department of Medicine and the Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- The Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 2 Hoblitzelle, Suite 250, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine and the Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
- The Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 2 Hoblitzelle, Suite 250, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Tasoulas J, Rodon L, Kaye FJ, Montminy M, Amelio AL. Adaptive Transcriptional Responses by CRTC Coactivators in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:111-127. [PMID: 30755304 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive stress signaling networks directly influence tumor development and progression. These pathways mediate responses that allow cancer cells to cope with both tumor cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic insults and develop acquired resistance to therapeutic interventions. This is mediated in part by constant oncogenic rewiring at the transcriptional level by integration of extracellular cues that promote cell survival and malignant transformation. The cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs) are a newly discovered family of intracellular signaling integrators that serve as the conduit to the basic transcriptional machinery to regulate a host of adaptive response genes. Thus, somatic alterations that lead to CRTC activation are emerging as key driver events in the development and progression of many tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tasoulas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Laura Rodon
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Frederic J Kaye
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio L Amelio
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, UNC School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Cell Biology Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Xie SH, Lagergren J. Risk factors for oesophageal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 36-37:3-8. [PMID: 30551854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The two main histological subtypes of oesophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, have distinct risk factor profiles. For oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, tobacco smoking and excess alcohol use are the main risk factors. For adenocarcinoma, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and obesity are main risk factors, whereas tobacco smoking is a moderately strong risk factor and infection with Helicobacter pylori decreases the risk. Dietary factors may influence the risk of both types of oesophageal cancer. Genetic factors are involved in the aetiology, but their influence is generally low. The striking male predominance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma is unexplained, although sex hormones may play a role. Risk prediction models combining information on multiple risk factors have shown promising potential in identifying high-risk individuals for targeted prevention and early detection, which should prompt further studies. More high-quality research efforts are warranted for better understanding of the aetiology of oesophageal cancer, particularly in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Xie
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Exome-wide analysis identifies three low-frequency missense variants associated with pancreatic cancer risk in Chinese populations. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3688. [PMID: 30206226 PMCID: PMC6134090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline coding variants have not been systematically investigated for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we report an exome-wide investigation using the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip with 943 PDAC cases and 3908 controls in the Chinese population, followed by two independent replicate samples including 2142 cases and 4697 controls. We identify three low-frequency missense variants associated with the PDAC risk: rs34309238 in PKN1 (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.48–2.12, P = 5.35 × 10−10), rs2242241 in DOK2 (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.50–2.27, P = 4.34 × 10−9), and rs183117027 in APOB (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.72–3.16, P = 4.21 × 10−8). Functional analyses show that the PKN1 rs34309238 variant significantly increases the level of phosphorylated PKN1 and thus enhances PDAC cells' proliferation by phosphorylating and activating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings highlight the significance of coding variants in the development of PDAC and provide more insights into the prevention of this disease. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal human cancer with a poor 5-year overall survival rate. Here the authors perform an exome-wide analysis in a cohort of PDAC patients to identify three novel missense variants in PKN1, DOK2, and APOB genes, that are associated with PDAC risk.
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Abstract
Since the early 1970s, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) has increased dramatically in most Western populations while the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has decreased. As a result, EA has become the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer in North America and Europe and is an important contributor to overall cancer mortality. Barrett's esophagus (BE), a metaplastic columnar epithelium of the distal esophagus, is the known precursor lesion for EA. EA and BE occur more frequently in white men over 50 years old, as well as in people with frequent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, in smokers, and in people who are obese. Conversely, EA and BE are less common in persons using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and in person with Helicobacter pylori infection. The 5-year survival rate for patients with EA, although generally poor, has improved during the past decade, and long-term survival is increasingly possible for patients with early or locally advanced disease. This review combines a synthesis of published studies with an analysis of data from the United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to discuss the change in incidence of EA and summarize current knowledge of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM305, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA.
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Abstract
The currently recommended approach to managing cancer risk for patients with Barrett's esophagus is endoscopic surveillance including a biopsy protocol to sample the esophageal tissue randomly to detect dysplasia. However, there are numerous limitations in this practice that rely on the histopathological grading of dysplasia alone to make clinical decisions. The availability of in silico models demonstrating the potential cost-effectiveness of biomarker-based stratification has increased interest in finding a clinically relevant "Barrett's biomarker." The success of endoscopic eradication therapy in preventing neoplastic progression of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus has promoted the desire to stratify non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus to those with "high risk" that may benefit from endotherapy. Furthermore, on the other end of the spectrum, there is interest in searching for a "low risk" marker that may identify those that would not likely benefit from endoscopy screening or surveillance. This review highlights recent data from the genomics (r)evolution revealing new genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to the development of Barrett's esophagus and novel pathways for its neoplastic progression, addresses the development of new modes of tissue sampling and imaging to detect early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus, and discusses current progress in moving biomarkers from the laboratory into clinical practice in the era of precision medicine.
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Pellatt AJ, Mullany LE, Herrick JS, Sakoda LC, Wolff RK, Samowitz WS, Slattery ML. The TGFβ-signaling pathway and colorectal cancer: associations between dysregulated genes and miRNAs. J Transl Med 2018; 16:191. [PMID: 29986714 PMCID: PMC6038278 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TGFβ-signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Loss of function of several genes within this pathway, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been seen as key events in CRC progression. Methods In this study we comprehensively evaluate differential gene expression (RNASeq) of 81 genes in the TGFβ-signaling pathway and evaluate how dysregulated genes are associated with miRNA expression (Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0). We utilize paired carcinoma and normal tissue from 217 CRC cases. We evaluate the associations between differentially expressed genes and miRNAs and sex, age, disease stage, and survival months. Results Thirteen genes were significantly downregulated and 14 were significantly upregulated after considering fold change (FC) of > 1.50 or < 0.67 and multiple comparison adjustment. Bone morphogenetic protein genes BMP5, BMP6, and BMP2 and growth differentiation factor GDF7 were downregulated. BMP4, BMP7, INHBA (Inhibin beta A), TGFBR1, TGFB2, TGIF1, TGIF2, and TFDP1 were upregulated. In general, genes with the greatest dysregulation, such as BMP5 (FC 0.17, BMP6 (FC 0.25), BMP2 (FC 0.32), CDKN2B (FC 0.32), MYC (FC 3.70), BMP7 (FC 4.17), and INHBA (FC 9.34) showed dysregulation in the majority of the population (84.3, 77.4, 81.1, 80.2, 82.0, 51.2, and 75.1% respectively). Four genes, TGFBR2, ID4, ID1, and PITX2, were un-associated or slightly upregulated in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors while downregulated in microsatellite-unstable (MSI) tumors. Eight dysregulated genes were associated with miRNA differential expression. E2F5 and THBS1 were associated with one or two miRNAs; RBL1, TGFBR1, TGIF2, and INHBA were associated with seven or more miRNAs with multiple seed-region matches. Evaluation of the joint effects of mRNA:miRNA identified interactions that were stronger in more advanced disease stages and varied by survival months. Conclusion These data support an interaction between miRNAs and genes in the TGFβ-signaling pathway in association with CRC risk. These interactions are associated with unique clinical characteristics that may provide targets for further investigations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1566-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Jennifer S Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Wade S Samowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
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Dong J, Buas MF, Gharahkhani P, Kendall BJ, Onstad L, Zhao S, Anderson LA, Wu AH, Ye W, Bird NC, Bernstein L, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Liu G, Caldas C, Pharoah PD, Risch HA, Iyer PG, Reid BJ, Hardie LJ, Lagergren J, Shaheen NJ, Corley DA, Fitzgerald RC, Whiteman DC, Vaughan TL, Thrift AP. Determining Risk of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Based on Epidemiologic Factors and Genetic Variants. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1273-1281.e3. [PMID: 29247777 PMCID: PMC5880715 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We developed comprehensive models to determine risk of Barrett's esophagus (BE) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) based on genetic and non-genetic factors. METHODS We used pooled data from 3288 patients with BE, 2511 patients with EAC, and 2177 individuals without either (controls) from participants in the international Barrett's and EAC consortium as well as the United Kingdom's BE gene study and stomach and esophageal cancer study. We collected data on 23 genetic variants associated with risk for BE or EAC, and constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for cases and controls by summing the risk allele counts for the variants weighted by their natural log-transformed effect estimates (odds ratios) extracted from genome-wide association studies. We also collected data on demographic and lifestyle factors (age, sex, smoking, body mass index, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Risk models with various combinations of non-genetic factors and the PRS were compared for their accuracy in identifying patients with BE or EAC using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS Individuals in the highest quartile of risk, based on genetic factors (PRS), had a 2-fold higher risk of BE (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.89-2.60) or EAC (odds ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 2.07-2.92) than individual in the lowest quartile of risk based on PRS. Risk models developed based on only demographic or lifestyle factors or GERD symptoms identified patients with BE or EAC with AUC values ranging from 0.637 to 0.667. Combining data on demographic or lifestyle factors with data on GERD symptoms identified patients with BE with an AUC of 0.793 and patients with EAC with an AUC of 0.745. Including PRSs with these data only minimally increased the AUC values for BE (to 0.799) and EAC (to 0.754). Including the PRSs in the model developed based on non-genetic factors resulted in a net reclassification improvement for BE of 3.0% and for EAC of 5.6%. CONCLUSIONS We used data from 3 large databases of patients from studies of BE or EAC to develop a risk prediction model based on genetic, clinical, and demographic/lifestyle factors. We identified a PRS that increases discrimination and net reclassification of individuals with vs without BE and EAC. However, the absolute magnitude of improvement is not sufficient to justify its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew F Buas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bradley J Kendall
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel C Bird
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Pharmacogenomic Epidemiology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Reid
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison-Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Yan C, Ji Y, Huang T, Yu F, Gao Y, Gu Y, Qi Q, Du J, Dai J, Ma H, Jin G. An esophageal adenocarcinoma susceptibility locus at 9q22 also confers risk to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the function of BARX1. Cancer Lett 2018; 421:103-111. [PMID: 29454095 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a series of genetic variants associated with the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC)/Barrett's esophagus (BE), which was different from those loci for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It is important to evaluate whether these susceptibility loci for EAC/BE are also implicated in ESCC development. In the current study, we analyzed genetic variants at 3p13, 9q22, 16q24 and 19p13 in a case-control study including 2139 ESCC patients and 2463 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population, and further characterized the biological relevance of genetic variants by functional assays. We found that the G allele of rs11789015 at 9q22, as compared with the A allele, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ESCC with a per-allele odds ratio of 0.77 (95%CI, 0.65-0.90; P = 1.38 × 10-3), whereas the other three loci were not associated with ESCC risk. We further found that rs11789015-G allele correlated with decreased mRNA and protein levels of BARX1. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that the A > G change at rs11789015 significantly decreased the promoter activity of BARX1. Both the mRNA and protein levels of BARX1 were significantly higher in ESCC tumor tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Moreover, the deletion of BARX1 substantially reduced ESCC cells growth, migration and invasion. In conclusion, these results suggest that genetic variants at 9q22 are associated with the risk of both EAC/BE and ESCC, possibly by regulating the function of BARX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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siRNA Library Screening Identifies a Druggable Immune-Signature Driving Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Growth. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:569-590. [PMID: 29930979 PMCID: PMC6009761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required to tackle the alarmingly poor survival outcomes in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients. EAC originates from within the intestinal-type metaplasia, Barrett's esophagus, a condition arising on a background of gastroesophageal reflux disease and associated inflammation. METHODS This study used a druggable genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening library of 6022 siRNAs in conjunction with bioinformatics platforms, genomic studies of EAC tissues, somatic variation data of EAC from The Cancer Genome Atlas data of EAC, and pathologic and functional studies to define novel EAC-associated, and targetable, immune factors. RESULTS By using a druggable genome library we defined genes that sustain EAC cell growth, which included an unexpected immunologic signature. Integrating Cancer Genome Atlas data with druggable siRNA targets showed a striking concordance and an EAC-specific gene amplification event associated with 7 druggable targets co-encoded at Chr6p21.1. Over-representation of immune pathway-associated genes supporting EAC cell growth included leukemia inhibitory factor, complement component 1, q subcomponent A chain (C1QA), and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which were validated further as targets sharing downstream signaling pathways through genomic and pathologic studies. Finally, targeting the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2-, C1q-, and leukemia inhibitory factor-activated signaling pathways (TYROBP-spleen tyrosine kinase and JAK-STAT3) with spleen tyrosine kinase and Janus-activated kinase inhibitor fostamatinib R788 triggered EAC cell death, growth arrest, and reduced tumor burden in NOD scid gamma mice. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a subset of genes co-identified through siRNA targeting and genomic studies of expression and somatic variation, specifically highlighting the contribution that immune-related factors play in support of EAC development and suggesting their suitability as targets in the treatment of EAC.
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Key Words
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- BE, Barrett’s esophagus
- Barrett’s Esophagus
- EAC, esophageal adenocarcinoma
- ERBB2, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GEM, gene expression microarray
- GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease
- GO, gene ontology
- HGD, high-grade dysplastic
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- JAK-STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer-and-activator of transcription
- LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SV, somatic variation
- SYK, spleen tyrosine kinase
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
- Therapeutic Targets
- VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor A
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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47
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Biswas S, Quante M, Leedham S, Jansen M. The metaplastic mosaic of Barrett's oesophagus. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:43-54. [PMID: 29500519 PMCID: PMC5849653 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus surveillance biopsies represent a significant share of the daily workload for a busy histopathology department. Given the emphasis on endoscopic detection and dysplasia grading, it is easy to forget that the benefits of these screening programs remain unproven. The majority of patients are at low risk of progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and periodic surveillance of these patients is burdensome and costly. Here, we investigate the parallels in the development of Barrett's oesophagus and other scenarios of wound healing in the intestine. There is now increased recognition of the full range of glandular phenotypes that can be found in patients' surveillance biopsies, and emerging evidence suggests parallel pathways to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Greater understanding of the conditions that favour progression to cancer in the distal oesophagus will allow us to focus resources on patients at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Biswas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Quante
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Leedham
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Marnix Jansen
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK. .,University College London Hospital, London, UK.
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Coleman HG, Xie SH, Lagergren J. The Epidemiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:390-405. [PMID: 28780073 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased in many Western countries and is higher in men than women. Some risk factors for EAC have been identified-mainly gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, obesity, and tobacco smoking. It is not clear whether interventions to address these factors can reduce risk of EAC, although some evidence exists for smoking cessation. Although consumption of alcohol is not associated with EAC risk, other exposures, such as physical activity, nutrition, and medication use, require further study. Genetic variants have been associated with risk for EAC, but their overall contribution is low. Studies are needed to investigate associations between risk factors and the molecular subtypes of EAC. The prognosis for patients with EAC has slightly improved, but remains poor-screening and surveillance trials of high-risk individuals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
| | - Shao-Hua Xie
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a very common condition. We have obtained fairly profound knowledge of the natural history of this condition. This results from many cross-sectional and cohort studies, many describing patients undergoing long-term surveillance. Their consent to use their clinical data has improved our knowledge to the benefit of these same and other patients. The prevalence of BE increases with age both in men and in women. This increase starts at a younger age in men than in women. The incidence of high-grade dysplasia and cancer in BE depends on segment length, gender, and age. The latter two likely indicate the duration of the presence of BE in an individual patient. Other factors that influence the incidence of dysplasia and cancer are smoking behavior and use of certain medications such as PPIs, statins, and NSAIDs. Surveillance of BE and treatment of dysplasia can impact the incidence of and mortality due to esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is of major benefit to a subgroup of BE patients. The epidemiology and burden of disease ask for further efforts to develop targeted screening, surveillance, and intervention techniques in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst J. Kuipers
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon C. Spaander
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Ashktorab H, Kupfer SS, Brim H, Carethers JM. Racial Disparity in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:910-923. [PMID: 28807841 PMCID: PMC5623134 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer from the gastrointestinal tract and its associated excretory organs will occur in more than 300,000 Americans in 2017, with colorectal cancer responsible for >40% of that burden; there will be more than 150,000 deaths from this group of cancers in the same time period. Disparities among subgroups related to the incidence and mortality of these cancers exist. The epidemiology and risk factors associated with each cancer bear out differences for racial groups in the United States. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is more frequent in non-Hispanic whites, whereas esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with risk factors of tobacco and alcohol is more frequent among blacks. Liver cancer has been most frequent among Asian/Pacific Islanders, chiefly due to hepatitis B vertical transmission, but other racial groups show increasing rates due to hepatitis C and emergence of cirrhosis from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastric cancer incidence remains highest among Asian/Pacific Islanders likely due to gene-environment interaction. In addition to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cancers of the small bowel, pancreas, and colorectum show the highest rates among blacks, where the explanations for the disparity are not as obvious and are likely multifactorial, including socioeconomic and health care access, treatment, and prevention (vaccination and screening) differences, dietary and composition of the gut microbiome, as well as biologic and genetic influences. Cognizance of these disparities in gastrointestinal cancer risk, as well as approaches that apply precision medicine methods to populations with the increased risk, may reduce the observed disparities for digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia; Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - John M Carethers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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