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Ezquerra-Durán A, Barba E. Management of abdominal bloating and distension, from subjective to objective. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024; 116:461-464. [PMID: 38989882 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10482/2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal distension is a clinical occurrence that involves a measurable, objective increase in abdominal circumference, which patients report as feeling like pregnant or like having a balloon inside the abdomen. This sign is often preceded by a subjective feeling of abdominal heaviness or bloating, reported as the sensation of having a huge amount of gas trapped inside. These manifestations are highly prevalent and may reflect on their own a gut-brain axis condition, such as functional abdominal distension, or be part of other disorders such as functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The prevalence of abdominal distension and bloating is 3.5 %. However, when associated with other gut-brain axis disorders such as dyspepsia or IBS, prevalence grows above 50 %. The etiology and pathophysiology of abdominal bloating and distension are highly complex and represent a challenge for both the practitioner and the patient. The patient often associates these sensations with trapped gas, and attributes them to some food intolerance, hence he/she adopts a highly restrictive diet that fails to resolve distension while incurring the risk of nutritional deficiencies or secondary dysbiosis, making a directed treatment guideline necessary.
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Barba E, Livovsky DM, Accarino A, Azpiroz F. Thoracoabdominal Wall Motion-Guided Biofeedback Treatment of Abdominal Distention: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:538-546.e1. [PMID: 38467383 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Abdominal distention results from abdominophrenic dyssynergia (ie, diaphragmatic contraction and abdominal wall relaxation) in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction. This study aimed to validate a simple biofeedback procedure, guided by abdominothoracic wall motion, for treating abdominal distention. METHODS In this randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial, 42 consecutive patients (36 women and 6 men; ages 17-64 years) with meal-triggered visible abdominal distention were recruited. Recordings of abdominal and thoracic wall motion were obtained using inductance plethysmography via adaptable belts. The signal was shown to patients in the biofeedback group, who were taught to mobilize the diaphragm. In contrast, the signal was not shown to the patients in the placebo group, who were given a placebo capsule. Three sessions were performed over a 4-week intervention period, with instructions to perform exercises (biofeedback group) or to take placebo 3 times per day (control group) at home. Outcomes were assessed through response to an offending meal (changes in abdominothoracic electromyographic activity and girth) and clinical symptoms measured using daily scales for 7 days. RESULTS Patients in the biofeedback group (n = 19) learned to correct abdominophrenic dyssynergia triggered by the offending meal (intercostal activity decreased by a mean ± SE of 82% ± 10%, anterior wall activity increased by a mean ± SE of 97% ± 6%, and increase in girth was a mean ± SE of 108% ± 4% smaller) and experienced improved clinical symptoms (abdominal distention scores decreased by a mean ± SE of 66% ± 5%). These effects were not observed in the placebo group (all, P < .002). CONCLUSIONS Abdominothoracic wall movements serve as an effective biofeedback signal for correcting abdominophrenic dyssynergia and abdominal distention in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction. ClincialTrials.gov, Number: NCT04043208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neurogastroenterology and Motility Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan M Livovsky
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Park SH, Keum DH. Systemic Symptoms as Potential Predictors of Chronic Neck Pain on Initial Examination: Can Systemic Symptoms Act as a Predictor of Neck Pain? J Pers Med 2024; 14:688. [PMID: 39063942 PMCID: PMC11277676 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that can cause other additional misalignments and other misalignment-induced chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Although numerous risk factors for chronic neck pain have been researched, systemic symptoms have not received the same level of investigation. The aim of this study was to analyze the link between subjective systemic symptoms and neck pain based on initial holistic interviews, with the objective of identifying potential predictive factors for neck pain. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients hospitalized due to acute neck pain between January 2018 and August 2021. Data collected included demographic information, treatment details, neck-pain characteristics, medical history, and co-occurring symptoms regardless of their known association with neck pain. Statistical analyses, including independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact tests, and correlation analyses, were performed. RESULTS With regard to the demographic characteristics, a significant positive correlation was observed between age and initial pain intensity (p < 0.01), while female sex was associated with changes in pain intensity (p < 0.05). Past medical conditions, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart attacks, and psychological medical history, demonstrated a significant relationship with neck pain (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). Hospitalization duration, cervical dizziness, limitations in the cervical range of motion (ROM), and widespread pain were significantly associated with neck pain (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). Among the subjective systemic symptoms, only upper gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance displayed a significant association with neck pain (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study identified several potential predictors of neck pain-notably, upper GI disturbances-providing a new avenue to investigate the prognostic factors of neck pain. However, further study is needed to substantiate these findings and elucidate the precise nature of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Ho Keum
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, 268, Buljeong-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13601, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Barba E, Livovsky DM, Relea L, Alcalá-Gonzalez LG, Quiroga S, Accarino A, Azpiroz F. Evaluation of abdominal gas by plain abdominal radiographs. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14485. [PMID: 36194191 PMCID: PMC10078561 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine the reliability of plain abdominal radiographs for the evaluation of abdominal gas content in patients with functional digestive symptoms. METHODS Abdominal CT scan scout views, mimicking a conventional plain abdominal radiograph, were obtained from 30 patients both during episodes of abdominal distension and basal conditions. Physicians (n = 50) were instructed to rate the estimated volume of gas in the 60 images presented in random sequence using a scale graded from 0 to ≥600 ml. KEY RESULTS The gas volumes estimated in the scout views differed from those measured by CT by a median of 90 (95% CI 70-102) ml, and the misestimation was not related to the absolute volume in the image. The accuracy of the observers, measured by their mean misestimation, was not related to their specialty or the training status (misestimation by 96 (95% CI 85-104) ml in staff vs 78 (70-106) ml in residents; p = 0.297). The accuracy was independent of the order of presentation of the images. Gas volume measured by CT in the images obtained during episodes of abdominal distension differed by a median of 39 (95% CI 29-66) ml from those during basal conditions, and this difference was misestimated by a median of 107 (95% CI 94-119) ml. The accuracy of these estimations was not related to the absolute gas volumes (R = -0.352; p < 0.001) or the magnitude of the differences. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Plain abdominal radiographs have limited value for the evaluation of abdominal gas volume in patients with functional gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dan M Livovsky
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lucia Relea
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Alcalá-Gonzalez
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergio Quiroga
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Barba E, Burri E, Quiroga S, Accarino A, Azpiroz F. Visible abdominal distension in functional gut disorders: Objective evaluation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14466. [PMID: 36153798 PMCID: PMC10078557 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible abdominal distension has been attributed to: (A) distorted perception, (B) intestinal gas accumulation, or (C) abdominophrenic dyssynergia (diaphragmatic push and anterior wall relaxation). METHODS A pool of consecutive patients with functional gut disorders and visible abdominal distension included in previous studies (n = 139) was analyzed. Patients (61 functional bloating, 74 constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and 4 with alternating bowel habit) were evaluated twice, under basal conditions and during a self-reported episode of visible abdominal distension; static abdominal CT images were taken in 104 patients, and dynamic EMG recordings of the abdominal walls in 76, with diaphragmatic activity valid for analysis in 35. KEY RESULTS (A) Objective evidence of abdominal distension was obtained by tape measure (increase in girth in 138 of 139 patients), by CT imaging (increased abdominal perimeter in 96 of 104 patients) and by abdominal EMG (reduced activity, i.e., relaxation, in 73 of 76 patients). (B) Intestinal gas volume was within ±300 ml from the basal value in 99 patients, and above in 5 patients, who nevertheless exhibited a diaphragmatic descent. (C) Diaphragmatic contraction was detected in 34 of 35 patients by EMG (increased activity) and in 82 of 103 patients by CT (diaphragmatic descent). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In most patients complaining of episodes of visible abdominal distention: (A) the subjective claim is substantiated by objective evidence; (B) an increase in intestinal gas does not justify visible abdominal distention; (C) abdominophrenic dyssynergia is consistently evidenced by dynamic EMG recording, but static CT imaging has less sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Spain, Barcelona
| | - Emanuel Burri
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,University Medical Clinic, Cantonal Hospital, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Quiroga
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Abdominophrenic Dyssynergia: A Narrative Review. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:41-45. [PMID: 36191283 PMCID: PMC9810002 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bloating and abdominal distension are common and highly bothersome gastrointestinal symptoms. Although the differential diagnoses for bloating and distension are broad, these symptoms are frequently associated with disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Functional abdominal bloating may be a result of visceral hypersensitivity, whereas abdominal distension seems to be a somatic behavioral response associated with abdominophrenic dyssynergia, featuring diaphragmatic contraction and abdominal wall relaxation. We review the available literature regarding abdominophrenic dyssynergia and comment on its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and avenues to address in the near future.
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Barber C, Sabater C, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Vallejo F, Bendezu RA, Guérin-Deremaux L, Guarner F, Espín JC, Margolles A, Azpiroz F. Effect of Resistant Dextrin on Intestinal Gas Homeostasis and Microbiota. Nutrients 2022; 14:4611. [PMID: 36364873 PMCID: PMC9654059 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a resistant dextrin soluble fibre has prebiotic properties with related health benefits on blood glucose management and satiety. Our aim was to demonstrate the effects of continuous administration of resistant dextrin on intestinal gas production, digestive sensations, and gut microbiota metabolism and composition. Healthy subjects (n = 20) were given resistant dextrin (14 g/d NUTRIOSE®, Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France) for four weeks. Outcomes were measured before, at the beginning, end, and two weeks after administration: anal evacuations of gas during daytime; digestive perception, girth, and gas production in response to a standard meal; sensory and digestive responses to a comfort meal; volume of colonic biomass by magnetic resonance; taxonomy and metabolic functions of fecal microbiota by shotgun sequencing; metabolomics in urine. Dextrin administration produced an initial increase in intestinal gas production and gas-related sensations, followed by a subsequent decrease, which magnified after discontinuation. Dextrin enlarged the volume of colonic biomass, inducing changes in microbial metabolism and composition with an increase in short chain fatty acids-producing species and modulation of bile acids and biotin metabolism. These data indicate that consumption of a soluble fibre induces an adaptative response of gut microbiota towards fermentative pathways with lower gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barber
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sabater
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, IPLA-CSIC, 33300 Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Vallejo
- Metabolomics Service, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, IPLA-CSIC, 33300 Asturias, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Drobnic F, Fonts S, García-Alday I, Petrangolini G, Riva A, Frattini E, Allegrini P, Togni S, Vitale J. Efficacy of artichoke and ginger extracts with simethicone to treat gastrointestinal symptoms in endurance athletes: a pilot study. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:77-84. [PMID: 31994374 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported by athletes during training and competitions. A standardized combination of artichoke leaves and ginger root extracts has shown beneficial effects in managing GI discomfort in otherwise healthy subjects. METHODS In this pilot study, we assessed the effectiveness of artichoke leaves and ginger root extracts combination associated with simethicone in reducing exercise-related GI symptoms in endurance athletes. The effects of the combination on upper/lower GI and systemic symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks through a questionnaire. RESULTS Fifty endurance athletes took the extracts' combination 320 mg + simethicone 40 mg chewable pills. The extracts combination and simethicone were effective in reducing the mean intensity of upper GI (86.6%) lower GI (85.9%) and systemic symptoms (81.9%), with superior results compared to placebo. The most remarkable effects were reported in the lower GI tract, with a significant decrease in flatulence, intestinal cramps, loose stools and diarrhea. Athletes also benefited from a reduction in belching and bloating and in dizziness, headache and muscle cramps, although the decrease in systemic symptoms was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of standardized artichoke and ginger extracts, combined with simethicone, may be effective in decreasing digestive discomfort and alteration of gastric motility not only in healthy subjects but also in endurance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franchek Drobnic
- Department of Sport Sciences Research, Sant Cugat del Vallés Olympic Training Center, Barcelona, Spain -
- Barcelona FC Medical Services, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain -
| | - Sergi Fonts
- Kronos Sport Nutritional Assessment, Rubí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iker García-Alday
- Department of Sport Sciences Research, Sant Cugat del Vallés Olympic Training Center, Barcelona, Spain
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Sterniste G, Hammer K, Memaran N, Huber WD, Hammer J. Significance of validated symptom assessment versus breath testing for malabsorption after lactose load in children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:274-280. [PMID: 35100175 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lactose malabsorption and lactose-induced symptoms are poorly correlated, as shown by breath tests and various symptom assessment methods. Validated assessment is the key to overcome the limitations of biased symptom measurements. We characterized lactose-induced symptoms with the population-specific, validated paediatric carbohydrate perception questionnaire (pCPQ) and their correlation with the history of symptoms (HoS). METHODS A total of 130 patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms underwent a lactose hydrogen breath and tolerance test (LBTT) allowing for a diagnosis of malabsorption (M+) and lactose sensitivity (S+). HoS indicative of lactose-induced symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea) in the 4 weeks preceding the test was determined using a validated questionnaire. The pCPQ was used to score lactose-induced symptoms. MAIN RESULTS The LBTT revealed 41 children (31.5%) with lactose malabsorption (M+), 56 (43.1%) with lactose sensitivity (S+) and 24 (18.5%) were M+/S+. Sensitivity correlated with HoS (P < 0.001), regardless of whether malabsorption was detectable. Malabsorption status did not correlate with HoS (NS). The odds of lactose sensitivity significantly increased when abdominal pain [odds ratio (OR) 3.5, confidence interval (CI) 1.6-7.8], nausea (OR 2.3, CI, 1.1-4.9) and flatulence (OR 3.1, CI 1.4-6.8) were reported in the 4 weeks preceding the LBTT. Symptoms after the lactose load were similar for M+/S+ and M-/S+, except for flatulence, which was more frequent in malabsorbers (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings fit well with the emerging view of the important role of a validated symptom assessment after a lactose load. The determination of symptoms may be more relevant than malabsorption for the clinical outcomes of paediatric patients with lactose-related gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sterniste
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin 3
| | - Karin Hammer
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nima Memaran
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Huber
- Klinische Abteilung für Pädiatrische Nephrologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Hammer
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin 3
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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A Fermented Milk Product Containing B. lactis CNCM I-2494 Improves the Tolerance of a Plant-Based Diet in Patients with Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124542. [PMID: 34960094 PMCID: PMC8709116 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy, plant-based diets, rich in fermentable residues, may induce gas-related symptoms. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the effects of a fermented milk product, containing probiotics, on the tolerance of a healthy diet in patients with disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBI), complaining of excessive flatulence. In an open design, a 3-day healthy, mostly plant-based diet was administered to patients with DGBI (52 included, 43 completed) before and at the end of 28 days of consumption of a fermented milk product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria. As compared to a habitual diet, the flatulogenic diet increased the perception of digestive symptoms (flatulence score 7.1 ± 1.6 vs. 5.8 ± 1.9; p < 0.05) and the daily number of anal gas evacuations (22.4 ± 12.5 vs. 16.5 ± 10.2; p < 0.0001). FMP consumption reduced the flatulence sensation score (by –1.6 ± 2.2; p < 0.05) and the daily number of anal gas evacuations (by –5.3 ± 8.2; p < 0.0001). FMP consumption did not significantly alter the overall gut microbiota composition, but some changes in the microbiota correlated with the observed clinical improvement. The consumption of a product containing B. lactis CNCM I-2494 improved the tolerance of a healthy diet in patients with DGBI, and this effect may be mediated, in part, by the metabolic activity of the microbiota.
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Barber C, Mego M, Sabater C, Vallejo F, Bendezu RA, Masihy M, Guarner F, Espín JC, Margolles A, Azpiroz F. Differential Effects of Western and Mediterranean-Type Diets on Gut Microbiota: A Metagenomics and Metabolomics Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082638. [PMID: 34444797 PMCID: PMC8400818 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the effect of diet on gut microbiota, digestive function and sensations, using an integrated clinical, metagenomics and metabolomics approach. We conducted a cross-over, randomised study on the effects of a Western-type diet versus a fibre-enriched Mediterranean diet. In 20 healthy men, each diet was administered for 2 weeks preceded by a 2-week washout diet. The following outcomes were recorded: (a) number of anal gas evacuations; (b) digestive sensations; (c) volume of gas evacuated after a probe meal; (d) colonic content by magnetic resonance imaging; (e) gut microbiota taxonomy and metabolic functions by shotgun sequencing of faecal samples; (f) urinary metabolites using untargeted metabolomics. As compared to a Western diet, the Mediterranean diet was associated with (i) higher number of anal gas evacuations, (ii) sensation of flatulence and borborygmi, (iii) larger volume of gas after the meal and (iv) larger colonic content. Despite the relatively little difference in microbiota composition between both diets, microbial metabolism differed substantially, as shown by urinary metabolite profiles and the abundance of microbial metabolic pathways. The effects of the diet were less evident in individuals with robust microbiotas (higher beta-diversity). To conclude, healthy individuals tolerate dietary changes with minor microbial modifications at the composition level but with remarkable variation in microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barber
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marianela Mego
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos Sabater
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, IPLA-CSIC, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (C.S.); (A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Rogger Alvaro Bendezu
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marcela Masihy
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, IPLA-CSIC, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (C.S.); (A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (M.M.); (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (F.G.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-274-6259
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12
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Nelson AD, Black CJ, Houghton LA, Lugo-Fagundo NS, Lacy BE, Ford AC. Systematic review and network meta-analysis: efficacy of licensed drugs for abdominal bloating in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:98-108. [PMID: 34114657 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bloating is a highly prevalent and troublesome symptom in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), treatment is empirical with no specific guidelines for its management. AIM To conduct a pairwise and network meta-analysis, using a frequentist approach, of Food and Drug Administration-licensed drugs for IBS-C comparing their efficacy for abdominal bloating as a specific endpoint. METHODS We searched the medical literature through December 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in IBS-C, with abdominal bloating reported as a dichotomous assessment. Efficacy of each drug was reported as a pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to summarise effect of each comparison tested. Treatments were ranked according to their P-score. RESULTS We identified 13 eligible RCTs, containing 10 091 patients. Linaclotide 290 µg o.d., lubiprostone 8 µg b.d., tenapanor 50 mg b.d. and tegaserod 6 mg b.d. were all superior to placebo for abdominal bloating in patients with IBS-C, in both pairwise and the network meta-analyses. Linaclotide demonstrated the greatest improvement in abdominal bloating in both pairwise and network meta-analysis (RR of failure to achieve an improvement in abdominal bloating = 0.78; 95% CI 0.74-0.83, number needed to treat = 7, P-score 0.97). Indirect comparison revealed no significant differences between individual drugs. CONCLUSIONS We found all licensed drugs for IBS-C to be superior to placebo for abdominal bloating. Linaclotide appeared to be the most efficacious at relieving abdominal bloating. Further research is needed to assess long-term efficacy of these agents and to better understand the precise mechanism of improving bloating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D Nelson
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher J Black
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lesley A Houghton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Brian E Lacy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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13
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Livovsky DM, Azpiroz F. Gastrointestinal Contributions to the Postprandial Experience. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030893. [PMID: 33801924 PMCID: PMC7998507 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food ingestion induces homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a hedonic dimension (satisfaction, changes in mood) that characterize the postprandial experience. Both types of sensation are secondary to intraluminal stimuli produced by the food itself, as well as to the activity of the digestive tract. Postprandial sensations also depend on the nutrient composition of the meal and on colonic fermentation of non-absorbed residues. Gastrointestinal function and the sensitivity of the digestive tract, i.e., perception of gut stimuli, are determined by inherent individual factors, e.g., sex, and can be modulated by different conditioning mechanisms. This narrative review examines the factors that determine perception of digestive stimuli and the postprandial experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan M. Livovsky
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- ShaareZedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2746259
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14
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Livovsky DM, Barber C, Barba E, Accarino A, Azpiroz F. Abdominothoracic Postural Tone Influences the Sensations Induced by Meal Ingestion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020658. [PMID: 33670508 PMCID: PMC7922384 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial objective abdominal distention is frequently associated with a subjective sensation of abdominal bloating, but the relation between both complaints is unknown. While the bloating sensation has a visceral origin, abdominal distention is a behavioral somatic response, involving contraction and descent of the diaphragm with protrusion of the anterior abdominal wall. Our aim was to determine whether abdominal distention influences digestive sensations. In 16 healthy women we investigated the effect of intentional abdominal distention on experimentally induced bloating sensation (by a meal overload). Participants were first taught to produce diaphragmatic contraction and visible abdominal distention. After a meal overload, sensations of bloating (0 to 10) and digestive well-being (-5 to + 5) were measured during 30-s. maneuvers alternating diaphragmatic contraction and diaphragmatic relaxation. Compared to diaphragmatic relaxation, diaphragmatic contraction was associated with diaphragmatic descent (by 21 + 3 mm; p < 0.001), objective abdominal distension (32 + 5 mm girth increase; p = 0.001), more intense sensation of bloating (7.3 + 0.4 vs. 8.0 + 0.4 score; p = 0.010) and lower digestive well-being (-0.9 + 0.5 vs. -1.9 + 0.5 score; p = 0.028). These results indicate that somatic postural tone underlying abdominal distention worsens the perception of visceral sensations (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04691882).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan M. Livovsky
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (D.M.L.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel
| | - Claudia Barber
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (D.M.L.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Elizabeth Barba
- Neurogastroenterology Motility Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (D.M.L.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (D.M.L.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-274-6259
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15
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Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M. Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:219-231.e1. [PMID: 32246999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal bloating and distension are 2 of the most commonly reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Abdominal bloating is characterized by symptoms of trapped gas, abdominal pressure, and fullness. Abdominal distension is defined as a measurable increase in abdominal girth. These symptoms frequently co-exist, although they can occur separately. Defined by Rome IV criteria, functional abdominal bloating and distension commonly coincide with other functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. Abdominal bloating and distension can develop for multiple reasons, including food intolerances, a previous infection that perturbed the intestinal microbiota, disordered visceral sensation, delayed intestinal transit, or an abnormal viscero-somatic reflux. Treatment can be challenging to patients and providers-no regimen has been consistently successful. Successful treatment involves identifying the etiology, assessing severity, educating and reassuring patients, and setting expectations. Therapeutic options include dietary changes, probiotics, antibiotics, prokinetic agents, antispasmodics, neuromodulators, and biofeedback. We review the epidemiology and effects of chronic bloating and distension and pathophysiology, discuss appropriate diagnostic strategies, and assess available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - David Cangemi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Maria Vazquez-Roque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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16
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Kilpatrick L, Pribic T, Ciccantelli B, Malagelada C, Livovsky DM, Accarino A, Pareto D, Azpiroz F, Mayer EA. Sex Differences and Commonalities in the Impact of a Palatable Meal on Thalamic and Insular Connectivity. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1627. [PMID: 32492812 PMCID: PMC7352462 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying subjective responses to meal ingestion remain incompletely understood. We previously showed in healthy men an increase in thalamocortical, and a decrease in insular-cortical connectivity in response to a palatable meal. As sex is increasingly recognized as an important biological variable, we aimed to evaluate sex differences and commonalities in the impact of a well-liked meal on thalamic and anterior insular connectivity in healthy individuals. Participants (20 women and 20 age-matched men) underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) before and after ingesting a palatable meal. In general, the insula showed extensive postprandial reductions in connectivity with sensorimotor and prefrontal cortices, while the thalamus showed increases in connectivity with insular, frontal, and occipital cortices, in both women and men. However, reductions in insular connectivity were more prominent in men, and were related to changes in meal-related sensations (satiety and digestive well-being) in men only. In contrast, increases in thalamic connectivity were more prominent in women, and were related to changes in satiety and digestive well-being in women only. These results suggest that brain imaging may provide objective and sex-specific biomarkers of the subjective feelings associated with meal ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kilpatrick
- Division of Digestive Diseases, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.K.); (E.A.M.)
| | - Teodora Pribic
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Barbara Ciccantelli
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Carolina Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Dan M. Livovsky
- Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Deborah Pareto
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- Division of Digestive Diseases, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.K.); (E.A.M.)
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17
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Vianello A, Arcaro G, Ferrarese S, Molena B, Giraudo C. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction causing Acute Respiratory Failure in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Pulmonology 2020; 27:273-276. [PMID: 32475791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Vianello
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Division, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - G Arcaro
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Division, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Ferrarese
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Division, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - B Molena
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Division, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C Giraudo
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Orellana B, Monclús E, Brunet P, Navazo I, Bendezú Á, Azpiroz F. A scalable approach to T2-MRI colon segmentation. Med Image Anal 2020; 63:101697. [PMID: 32353758 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of the colonic volume is a procedure with strong relevance to gastroenterologists. Depending on the clinical protocols, the volume analysis has to be performed on MRI of the unprepared colon without contrast administration. In such circumstances, existing measurement procedures are cumbersome and time-consuming for the specialists. The algorithm presented in this paper permits a quasi-automatic segmentation of the unprepared colon on T2-weighted MRI scans. The segmentation algorithm is organized as a three-stage pipeline. In the first stage, a custom tubularity filter is run to detect colon candidate areas. The specialists provide a list of points along the colon trajectory, which are combined with tubularity information to calculate an estimation of the colon medial path. In the second stage, we delimit the region of interest by applying custom segmentation algorithms to detect colon neighboring regions and the fat capsule containing abdominal organs. Finally, within the reduced search space, segmentation is performed via 3D graph-cuts in a three-stage multigrid approach. Our algorithm was tested on MRI abdominal scans, including different acquisition resolutions, and its results were compared to the colon ground truth segmentations provided by the specialists. The experiments proved the accuracy, efficiency, and usability of the algorithm, while the variability of the scan resolutions contributed to demonstrate the computational scalability of the multigrid architecture. The system is fully applicable to the colon measurement clinical routine, being a substantial step towards a fully automated segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Orellana
- ViRVIG Group, UPC-BarcelonaTech, Llorens i Artigas, 4-6, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Eva Monclús
- ViRVIG Group, UPC-BarcelonaTech, Llorens i Artigas, 4-6, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Pere Brunet
- ViRVIG Group, UPC-BarcelonaTech, Llorens i Artigas, 4-6, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Isabel Navazo
- ViRVIG Group, UPC-BarcelonaTech, Llorens i Artigas, 4-6, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Bendezú
- Digestive Department, Hospital General de Catalunya, Pedro i Pons 1, Sant Cugat del Vallès 08190, Spain.
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
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19
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Vitetta L. Mind body medicine: a tangible link between the gut and the brain. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:64. [PMID: 32175357 PMCID: PMC7049048 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vitetta
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Medlab Clinical, Sydney, Australia
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20
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A Fermented Milk Product with B. Lactis CNCM I-2494 and Lactic Acid Bacteria Improves Gastrointestinal Comfort in Response to a Challenge Diet Rich in Fermentable Residues in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020320. [PMID: 31991794 PMCID: PMC7071254 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Healthy plant-based diets rich in fermentable residues may induce gas-related symptoms. Our aim was to determine the potential of a fermented milk product with probiotics in improving digestive comfort with such diets. Methods: In an open design, a 3-day high-residue diet was administered to healthy subjects (n = 74 included, n = 63 completed) before and following 28 days consumption of a fermented milk product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria. Main outcomes: digestive sensations, number of daytime anal gas evacuations, and gas volume evacuated during 4 h after a probe meal. Results: As compared to the habitual diet, the high-residue diet induced gas-related symptoms (flatulence score 4.9 vs. 1.2; p ≤ 0.0001), increased the daily number of anal gas evacuations (20.7 vs. 8.7; p < 0.0001), and impaired digestive well-being (1.0 vs. 3.4; p < 0.05). FMP consumption reduced flatulence sensation (by −1.7 [−1.9; −1.6]; p < 0.0001), reduced the number of daily evacuations (by −5.8 [−6.5; −5.1]; p < 0.0001), and improved digestive well-being (by +0.6 [+0.4; +0.7]; p < 0.05). FMP consumption did not affect the gas volume evacuated after a probe meal. Conclusion: In healthy subjects, consumption of a FMP containing B. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria improves the tolerance of a flatulogenic diet by subjective and objective criteria (sensations and number of anal gas evacuations, respectively).
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21
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Barba E, Sánchez B, Burri E, Accarino A, Monclus E, Navazo I, Guarner F, Margolles A, Azpiroz F. Abdominal distension after eating lettuce: The role of intestinal gas evaluated in vitro and by abdominal CT imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13703. [PMID: 31402544 PMCID: PMC6899808 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients complain that eating lettuce, gives them gas and abdominal distention. Our aim was to determine to what extent the patients' assertion is sustained by evidence. METHODS An in vitro study measured the amount of gas produced during the process of fermentation by a preparation of human colonic microbiota (n = 3) of predigested lettuce, as compared to beans, a high gas-releasing substrate, to meat, a low gas-releasing substrate, and to a nutrient-free negative control. A clinical study in patients complaining of abdominal distention after eating lettuce (n = 12) measured the amount of intestinal gas and the morphometric configuration of the abdominal cavity in abdominal CT scans during an episode of lettuce-induced distension as compared to basal conditions. KEY RESULTS Gas production by microbiota fermentation of lettuce in vitro was similar to that of meat (P = .44), lower than that of beans (by 78 ± 15%; P < .001) and higher than with the nutrient-free control (by 25 ± 19%; P = .05). Patients complaining of abdominal distension after eating lettuce exhibited an increase in girth (35 ± 3 mm larger than basal; P < .001) without significant increase in colonic gas content (39 ± 4 mL increase; P = .071); abdominal distension was related to a descent of the diaphragm (by 7 ± 3 mm; P = .027) with redistribution of normal abdominal contents. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES Lettuce is a low gas-releasing substrate for microbiota fermentation and lettuce-induced abdominal distension is produced by an uncoordinated activity of the abdominal walls. Correction of the somatic response might be more effective than the current dietary restriction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barba
- Digestive System Research UnitUniversity Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología y BioquímicaInstituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Asturias (CSIC)VillaviciosaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias–ISPAOviedoSpain
| | | | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research UnitUniversity Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Eva Monclus
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas InformáticosUniversidad Politécnica de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Isabel Navazo
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas InformáticosUniversidad Politécnica de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research UnitUniversity Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Departamento de Microbiología y BioquímicaInstituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Asturias (CSIC)VillaviciosaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias–ISPAOviedoSpain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research UnitUniversity Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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Hadjivasilis A, Tsioutis C, Michalinos A, Ntourakis D, Christodoulou DK, Agouridis AP. New insights into irritable bowel syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:554-564. [PMID: 31700231 PMCID: PMC6826071 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2019.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common reason to visit a gastroenterologist. IBS was believed to be a functional disease, but many possible pathophysiologic mechanisms can now explain the symptoms. IBS patients are classified into subtypes according to their predominant bowel habit, based on the Rome IV criteria. These include diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant IBS, as well as the mixed type, a combination of the two. Usually, IBS treatment is based on the predominant symptoms, with many options for each subtype. A new promising treatment option, fecal microbiota transplantation, seems to have beneficial effects on IBS. However, treating the pathophysiological causative agent responsible for the symptoms is an emerging approach. Therefore, before the appropriate therapeutic option is chosen for treating IBS, a clinical evaluation of its pathophysiology should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hadjivasilis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Constantinos Tsioutis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Adamantios Michalinos
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Dimitrios Ntourakis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece (Dimitrios K. Christodoulou)
| | - Aris P Agouridis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Alexandros Hadjivasilis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Adamantios Michalinos, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Aris P. Agouridis)
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Mari A, Abu Backer F, Mahamid M, Amara H, Carter D, Boltin D, Dickman R. Bloating and Abdominal Distension: Clinical Approach and Management. Adv Ther 2019; 36:1075-1084. [PMID: 30879252 PMCID: PMC6824367 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional abdominal bloating and distension (FABD) are common gastrointestinal complaints, encountered on a daily basis by gastroenterologists and healthcare providers. Functional abdominal bloating is a subjective sensation that is commonly associated with an objective abdominal distension. FABD may be diagnosed as a single entity (the sole or cardinal complaint) or may overlap with other functional gastrointestinal disorders such as functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional dyspepsia. The pathophysiology of FABD is not completely understood. Proposed underlying mechanisms include visceral hypersensitivity, behavioral induced abnormal abdominal wall-phrenic reflexes, the effect of poorly absorbed fermentable carbohydrates, and microbiome alterations. Management includes behavioral therapy, dietary interventions, microbiome modulation, and medical therapy. This review presents the current knowledge on the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of FABD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mari
- Gastroenterology Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Gastroenterology Institute, Nazareth EMMS Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Fadi Abu Backer
- Gastroenterology Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Mahmud Mahamid
- Gastroenterology Institute, Nazareth EMMS Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hana Amara
- Gastroenterology Institute, Nazareth EMMS Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Dan Carter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Boltin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ram Dickman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Pohl D, Van Oudenhove L, Törnblom H, Le Nevé B, Tack J, Simrén M. Functional Dyspepsia and Severity of Psychologic Symptoms Associate With Postprandial Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:1745-1753.e1. [PMID: 29702295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have an increased response of postprandial symptoms to a combined lactulose nutrient challenge test, compared with healthy volunteers. We investigated the associations among comorbid functional dyspepsia (FD), severity of psychologic symptoms, and breath test results in response to this test. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 205 patients with IBS (Rome III criteria), 94 of whom also had FD (IBS-FD), and 83 healthy volunteers in Sweden from 2008 through 2015. All participants completed a breath hydrogen test after a 400-mL liquid meal with 25 g lactulose. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity was assessed using a graded scale and digestive comfort was recorded before the meal and every 15 minutes until 240 minutes after the meal. GI symptom scores over time were compared between groups using linear mixed models with anxiety, depression, and somatization as covariates. RESULTS Average levels of all GI symptoms varied over time among all groups (P < .0001). Patients with IBS-FD had higher levels of bloating (P = .004), abdominal pain (P = .005), and lower levels of digestive comfort (P < .01) than patients with only IBS. We observed a difference in increase in abdominal pain from baseline between IBS-FD and IBS groups (P = .013). Anxiety levels were associated with levels of all symptoms (all P < .025) except abdominal pain, which was associated with somatization severity (P < .0001). Furthermore, anxiety levels associated with level of exhaled hydrogen (P = .0042). CONCLUSIONS In a prospective study of patients with IBS, we found those with FD to have increased GI symptoms before and after a liquid meal with lactulose. Anxiety and somatization have an independent additional effect. The presence of comorbid FD and levels of psychologic symptoms affect reports of food-related symptoms in patients with IBS. ClinicalTrial.gov no: NCT01252550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pohl
- Functional Diagnostics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Issa B, Morris J, Whorwell PJ. Abdominal distension in health and irritable bowel syndrome: The effect of bladder filling. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13437. [PMID: 30070066 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Abdominal distension is a common feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is difficult to treat and can have the appearance of late pregnancy. It results from an abnormality of the normal accommodation reflex which keeps abdominal girth constant despite changes in gastrointestinal volume resulting from food ingestion or gas accumulation. We speculated that bladder filling might also trigger this abnormal reflex in IBS and this study tested this hypothesis. METHODS Eight females with IBS (aged 21-43, mean 34) were compared with seven female controls (aged 19-56, mean 31) at the same time in the menstrual cycle. Abdominal girth in response to maximum tolerated bladder filling following ingestion of 1500 mls of water was measured using abdominal inductance plethysmography. Symptoms, girth change after bladder emptying, and urine volumes were also recorded. KEY RESULTS Baseline girth of patients and controls was 84.8 and 79.9 cm respectively. After reaching maximum tolerated bladder filling, girth increased by a mean of 6.4 (Standard deviation (SD) 2.1) cm in patients compared with 3.5 (1.1) in controls (P = 0.006), with patients having symptoms of bladder hypersensitivity. After voiding urine, girth reduced by 5.3 (3.1) and 1.9 (1.2) in patients vs controls (P = 0.018), despite passing similar mean urine volumes, 789 (364) mls vs 671(286) (P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Bladder filling contributes to abdominal distension in IBS and is unrelated to urine volume suggesting that bladder stretch or hypersensitivity might trigger this response. Frequent bladder emptying may help control this intrusive problem which is very challenging to manage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Issa
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie Morris
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Clinical measurement of gastrointestinal motility and function: who, when and which test? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:568-579. [PMID: 29872118 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms related to abnormal gastrointestinal motility and function are common. Oropharyngeal and oesophageal dysphagia, heartburn, bloating, abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habits are among the most frequent reasons for seeking medical attention from internists or general practitioners and are also common reasons for referral to gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. However, the nonspecific nature of gastrointestinal symptoms, the absence of a definitive diagnosis on routine investigations (such as endoscopy, radiology or blood tests) and the lack of specific treatments make disease management challenging. Advances in technology have driven progress in the understanding of many of these conditions. This Review serves as an introduction to a series of Consensus Statements on the clinical measurements of gastrointestinal motility, function and sensitivity. A structured, evidence-based approach to the initial assessment and empirical treatment of patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms is discussed, followed by an outline of the contribution of modern physiological measurement on the management of patients in whom the cause of symptoms has not been identified with other tests. Discussions include the indications for and utility of high-resolution manometry, ambulatory pH-impedance monitoring, gastric emptying studies, breath tests and investigations of anorectal structure and function in day-to-day practice and clinical management.
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Abstract
Bloating is one of the most common and troublesome problems in a large proportion of patients with gastrointestinal disorders but the mechanism is not completely understood. Several factors, including gas-producing intestinal microbiota, disturbed handling of intestinal gas, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal viscero-somatic responses, fermentable diet, and psychological factors, have been suggested as mechanisms. For an assessment, thorough medical history-taking and physical examination are the first steps. On the other hand, organic disorders should always be considered first for a differential diagnosis. The therapeutic options available are considered challenging and still limited in clinical practice. The treatment strategy may include diet modification, pharmacologic approach, psychiatric approach, biofeedback, etc. Further studies will be needed to explore the variable mechanism of bloating and develop an efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Correction of Abdominal Distention by Biofeedback-Guided Control of Abdominothoracic Muscular Activity in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:1922-1929. [PMID: 28705783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Abdominal distention is produced by abnormal somatic postural tone. We developed an original biofeedback technique based on electromyography-guided control of abdominothoracic muscular activity. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study to demonstrate the superiority of biofeedback to placebo for the treatment of abdominal distention. METHODS At a referral center in Spain, we enrolled consecutive patients with visible abdominal distention who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for functional intestinal disorders (47 women, 1 man; 21-74 years old); 2 patients assigned to the placebo group withdrew and 2 patients assigned to biofeedback were not valid for analysis. Abdominothoracic muscle activity was recorded by electromyography. The patients in the biofeedback group were shown the signal and instructed to control muscle activity, whereas patients in the placebo received no instructions and were given oral simethicone. Each patient underwent 3 sessions over a 10-day period. The primary outcomes were subjective sensation of abdominal distention, measured by graphic rating scales for 10 consecutive days before and after the intervention. RESULTS Patients in the biofeedback group effectively learned to reduce intercostal activity (by a mean 45% ± 3%), but not patients in the placebo group (reduced by a mean 5% ± 2%; P < .001). Patients in the biofeedback group learned to increase anterior wall muscle activity (by a mean 101% ± 10%), but not in the placebo group (decreased by a mean 4% ± 2%; P < .001). Biofeedback resulted in a 56% ± 1% reduction of abdominal distention (from a mean score of 4.6 ± 0.2 to 2.0 ± 0.2), whereas patients in the placebo group had a reduction of only 13% ± 8% (from a mean score of 4.7 ± 0.1 to 4.1 ± 0.4) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In a randomized trial of patients with a functional intestinal disorder, we found that abdominal distention can be effectively corrected by biofeedback-guided control of abdominothoracic muscular activity, compared with placebo. ClincialTrials.gov no: NCT01205100.
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Abstract
Functional dyspepsia is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders. Functional dyspepsia comprises three subtypes with presumed different pathophysiology and aetiology: postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and a subtype with overlapping PDS and EPS features. Functional dyspepsia symptoms can be caused by disturbed gastric motility (for example, inadequate fundic accommodation or delayed gastric emptying), gastric sensation (for example, sensations associated with hypersensitivity to gas and bloating) or gastric and duodenal inflammation. A genetic predisposition is probable but less evident than in other functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Psychiatric comorbidity and psychopathological state and trait characteristics could also play a part, although they are not specific to functional dyspepsia and are less pronounced than in IBS. Possible differential diagnoses include Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulceration. Pharmacological therapy is mostly based on the subtype of functional dyspepsia, such as prokinetic and fundus-relaxing drugs for PDS and acid-suppressive drugs for EPS, whereas centrally active neuromodulators and herbal drugs play a minor part. Psychotherapy is effective only in a small subset of patients, whereas quality of life can be severely affected in nearly all patients. Future therapies might include novel compounds that attempt to treat the underlying gastric and duodenal inflammation.
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Mego M, Accarino A, Tzortzis G, Vulevic J, Gibson G, Guarner F, Azpiroz F. Colonic gas homeostasis: Mechanisms of adaptation following HOST-G904 galactooligosaccharide use in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28418214 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that a galactooligosaccharide prebiotic administration (HOST-G904) initially increased intestinal gas production and this increase declined back to baseline after 2 week administration. Our aim was to determine the mechanism of microbiota adaptation; i.e., to determine whether the net reduction is due to decreased overall production or increased gas consumption. METHODS In 10 healthy subjects, intestinal gas production and intraluminal disposal was measured before, at the beginning and after 2 week of HOST-G904 prebiotic administration. Anal gas was collected for 4 hour after a probe meal. Paired studies were performed without and with high-rate infusion of exogenous gas (24 mL/min) into the jejunum to wash-out the endogenous gas produced by bacterial fermentation. The exogenous gas infused was labeled (5% SF6 ) to calculate the proportion of endogenous gas evacuated. KEY RESULTS The volume of intestinal gas produced i.e., endogenous gas washed-out, increased by 37% at the beginning of HOST-G904 administration (P=.049 vs preadministration) and decreased down to preadministration level after 2 week administration (P=.030 vs early administration). The proportion of gas eliminated from the lumen before reaching the anus tended to increase after 2-week administration (87±3% vs 78±5% preadministration; P=.098). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Adaptation to regular consumption of HOST-G904 prebiotic involves a shift in microbiota metabolism toward low-gas producing pathways, with a non-significant increase in gas-consuming activity. Hence, regular consumption of HOST-G904 regulates intestinal gas metabolism: less gas is produced and a somewhat larger proportion of it is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mego
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Tzortzis
- Clasado Research Services Ltd, Science and Technology Centre, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J Vulevic
- Clasado Research Services Ltd, Science and Technology Centre, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - G Gibson
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - F Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Malagelada JR, Accarino A, Azpiroz F. Bloating and Abdominal Distension: Old Misconceptions and Current Knowledge. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:1221-1231. [PMID: 28508867 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bloating, as a symptom and abdominal distension, as a sign, are both common functional-type complaints and challenging to manage effectively. Individual patients may weight differently the impact of bloating and distension on their well-being. Complaints may range from chronic highly distressing pain to simply annoying and unfashionable protrusion of the abdomen. To avoid mishaps, organic bloating, and distension should always be considered first and appropriated assessed. Functional bloating and distension often present in association with other manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome or functional dyspepsia and in that context patients tend to regard them as most troublesome. A mechanism-based management bloating and distension should be ideal but elucidating key operational mechanisms in individual patients is not always feasible. Some clues may be gathered through a detailed dietary history, by assessing bowel movement frequency and stool consistency and special imaging technique to measure abdominal shape during episodes of distension. In severe, protracted cases it may be appropriate to refer the patient to a specialized center where motility, visceral sensitivity, and abdominal muscle activity in response to intraluminal stimuli may be measured. Therapeutic resources focussed upon presumed or demonstrated pathogenetic mechanism include dietary modification, microbiome modulation, promoting gas evacuation, attenuating visceral perception, and controlling abdominal wall muscle activity via biofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Ford
- From the Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, and the Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom (A.C.F.); the Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (B.E.L.); the Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (N.J.T.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.J.T.); and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm (N.J.T.)
| | - Brian E Lacy
- From the Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, and the Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom (A.C.F.); the Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (B.E.L.); the Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (N.J.T.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.J.T.); and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm (N.J.T.)
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- From the Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, and the Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom (A.C.F.); the Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (B.E.L.); the Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (N.J.T.); the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.J.T.); and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm (N.J.T.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Small bowel motility disorders constitute a relatively small but important segment of clinical gastroenterology. Presenting features encompass a broad range of symptom manifestations and severity: from chronic functional-type complaints to life-threatening nutritional impairment. Diagnostic assessment of patients with suspected intestinal motility disorders is often hampered by the complexity of measuring intestinal contractile activity in humans. In this review, we describe and critically comment the main current and forthcoming methodologies. RECENT FINDINGS Beyond conventional small bowel manometry, radiological methods, and intestinal transit tests that have been available for several decades, now we focus on novel methodologies such as high-resolution manometry, magnetic resonance methodology, and endoluminal capsule image analysis. Gradual introduction of new approaches to diagnostic investigation of patients with suspected intestinal motility disorders should facilitate a less invasive and more accurate characterization of disturbed motor function. Enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological basis of clinical conditions should allow better application of therapeutic approaches that are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Mego M, Manichanh C, Accarino A, Campos D, Pozuelo M, Varela E, Vulevic J, Tzortzis G, Gibson G, Guarner F, Azpiroz F. Metabolic adaptation of colonic microbiota to galactooligosaccharides: a proof-of-concept-study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:670-680. [PMID: 28078750 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotics have been shown to reduce abdominal symptoms in patients with functional gut disorders, despite that they are fermented by colonic bacteria and may induce gas-related symptoms. AIM To investigate changes in the metabolic activity of gut microbiota induced by a recognised prebiotic. METHODS Healthy subjects (n = 20) were given a prebiotic (2.8 g/day HOST-G904, HOST Therabiomics, Jersey, Channel Islands) for 3 weeks. During 3-day periods immediately before, at the beginning and at the end of the administration subjects were put on a standard diet (low fibre diet supplemented with one portion of high fibre foods) and the following outcomes were measured: (i) number of daytime gas evacuations for 2 days by means of an event marker; (ii) volume of gas evacuated via a rectal tube during 4 h after a test meal; and (iii) microbiota composition by faecal Illumina MiSeq sequencing. RESULTS At the beginning of administration, HOST-G904 significantly increased the number of daily anal gas evacuations (18 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 1 pre-administration; P < 0.001) and the volume of gas evacuated after the test meal (236 ± 23 mL vs. 160 ± 17 mL pre-administration; P = 0.006). However, after 3 weeks of administration, these effects diminished (11 ± 2 daily evacuations, 169 ± 23 mL gas evacuation). At day 21, relative abundance of butyrate producers (Lachnospiraceae) correlated inversely with the volume of gas evacuated (r = -0.52; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The availability of substrates induces an adaptation of the colonic microbiota activity in bacterial metabolism, which produces less gas and associated issues. Clinical trials.gov NCT02618239.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mego
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Manichanh
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Campos
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pozuelo
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Varela
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Vulevic
- Clasado Research Services Ltd, Science and Technology Centre, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - G Tzortzis
- Clasado Research Services Ltd, Science and Technology Centre, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - G Gibson
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - F Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Simrén M, Törnblom H, Palsson OS, Whitehead WE. Management of the multiple symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:112-122. [PMID: 28403981 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. A stepwise management approach is advocated for patients with IBS. For a substantial proportion of patients with mild symptoms, general management principles, including making a confident diagnosis and offering explanation, reassurance, and dietary and lifestyle advice, are sufficient. However, many patients continue to have moderate-to-severe symptoms and are not satisfied solely with this approach. In these patients, use of pharmacotherapy on the basis of the predominant symptom (constipation, diarrhoea, pain, or bloating) or combination of symptoms is the next step. For patients with symptoms that are refractory to these initial treatment options and those who have comorbid conditions or psychological symptoms, a combination of therapies should be used, and the use of psychotropic drugs and psychological treatment alternatives is often effective. Finally, the key to successful treatment of patients with IBS is a good physician-patient relationship and use of person-centred care principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William E Whitehead
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Bharucha AE, Chakraborty S, Sletten CD. Common Functional Gastroenterological Disorders Associated With Abdominal Pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:1118-32. [PMID: 27492916 PMCID: PMC4985027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although abdominal pain is a symptom of several structural gastrointestinal disorders (eg, peptic ulcer disease), this comprehensive review will focus on the 4 most common nonstructural, or functional, disorders associated with abdominal pain: functional dyspepsia, constipation-predominant and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, and functional abdominal pain syndrome. Together, these conditions affect approximately 1 in 4 people in the United States. They are associated with comorbid conditions (eg, fibromyalgia and depression), impaired quality of life, and increased health care utilization. Symptoms are explained by disordered gastrointestinal motility and sensation, which are implicated in various peripheral (eg, postinfectious inflammation and luminal irritants) and/or central (eg, stress and anxiety) factors. These disorders are defined and can generally be diagnosed by symptoms alone. Often prompted by alarm features, selected testing is useful to exclude structural disease. Identifying the specific diagnosis (eg, differentiating between functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome) and establishing an effective patient-physician relationship are the cornerstones of therapy. Many patients with mild symptoms can be effectively managed with limited tests, sensible dietary modifications, and over-the-counter medications tailored to symptoms. If these measures are not sufficient, pharmacotherapy should be considered for bowel symptoms (constipation or diarrhea) and/or abdominal pain; opioids should not be used. Behavioral and psychological approaches (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy) can be helpful, particularly in patients with chronic abdominal pain who require a multidisciplinary pain management program without opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil E Bharucha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Barba E, Accarino A, Soldevilla A, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Biofeedback for the Treatment of Rumination. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:1007-13. [PMID: 27185077 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously demonstrated that rumination is produced by an unperceived, somatic response to food ingestion, and we developed an original biofeedback technique based on electromyography (EMG)-guided control of abdomino-thoracic muscular activity. Our aim was to demonstrate the superiority of biofeedback vs. placebo for the treatment of rumination. METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled trial performed in a referral center. Consecutive patients who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for rumination (18 women, 6 men; 19-79 years age) were selected and all included in the study; 1 patient assigned to placebo withdrew because of an unrelated accident. Abdomino-thoracic muscle activity after a challenge meal was recorded by EMG. The patients in the biofeedback group were shown the signal and instructed to control muscle activity, whereas the patients in the placebo group were not shown the signal and were given oral simethicone. Each patient underwent 3 sessions over a 10-day period. MAIN OUTCOME number of rumination events as measured by questionnaires for 10 consecutive days before and after intervention. RESULTS Patients on biofeedback (n=12) but not on placebo (n=11) effectively learned to reduce intercostal activity (by 51±6% vs. 10±7% increment on placebo; P<0.001) and anterior wall muscle activity (by 52±4% vs. 9±2% increment on placebo; P<0.001). Biofeedback treatment resulted in a 74±6% reduction in rumination activity (from 29±6 before to 7±2 daily events after intervention) vs. 1±14% on placebo; P=0.001 (from 21±2 before to 21±4 daily events after intervention). CONCLUSIONS Rumination can be effectively corrected by biofeedback-guided control of abdomino-thoracic muscular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Department de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Department de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alfredo Soldevilla
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Department de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd); Department de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Bendezú RA, Barba E, Burri E, Cisternas D, Accarino A, Quiroga S, Monclus E, Navazo I, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Colonic content in health and its relation to functional gut symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:849-54. [PMID: 26871593 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut content may be determinant in the generation of digestive symptoms, particularly in patients with impaired gut function and hypersensitivity. Since the relation of intraluminal gas to symptoms is only partial, we hypothesized that non-gaseous component may play a decisive role. METHODS Abdominal computed tomography scans were evaluated in healthy subjects during fasting and after a meal (n = 15) and in patients with functional gut disorders during basal conditions (when they were feeling well) and during an episode of abdominal distension (n = 15). Colonic content and distribution were measured by an original analysis program. KEY RESULTS In healthy subjects both gaseous (87 ± 24 mL) and non-gaseous colonic content (714 ± 34 mL) were uniformly distributed along the colon. In the early postprandial period gas volume increased (by 46 ± 23 mL), but non-gaseous content did not, although a partial caudad displacement from the descending to the pelvic colon was observed. No differences in colonic content were detected between patients and healthy subjects. Symptoms were associated with discrete increments in gas volume. However, no consistent differences in non-gaseous content were detected in patients between asymptomatic periods and during episodes of abdominal distension. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In patients with functional gut disorders, abdominal distension is not related to changes in non-gaseous colonic content. Hence, other factors, such as intestinal hypersensitivity and poor tolerance of small increases in luminal gas may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bendezú
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Burri
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Cisternas
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Quiroga
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Monclus
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Navazo
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Halland M, Parthasarathy G, Bharucha AE, Katzka DA. Diaphragmatic breathing for rumination syndrome: efficacy and mechanisms of action. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:384-91. [PMID: 26661735 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While high resolution esophageal manometry combined with impedancometry has demonstrated that gastric pressurizations lead to rumination, the contribution of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) function to rumination is unclear. Behavioral therapy with diaphragmatic breathing (DB) can reduce rumination. We aimed to evaluate the pressures in the stomach, EGJ and UES during rumination and the effects of DB augmented with biofeedback therapy. METHODS Sixteen patients with rumination were studied with manometry and impedancometry before and after a meal. The postprandial assessment comprised three periods: before, during, and after DB augmented with biofeedback therapy. KEY RESULTS All patients had postprandial rumination, which was associated (p < 0.001) with increased gastric pressure and reversal of the postprandial gastroesophageal pressure gradient from -4 (-43 to 18) before to 20 (7-79) mmHg during rumination. The EGJ pressure was lower (p < 0.001) during gastric pressurizations that were associated with rumination vs those that were not. The UES also relaxed, almost completely, during rumination. Patients had a median (range) of 5 (2-10) rumination episodes before, 1 (0-2) (p < 0.001) during, and 3 (1-5) after (p < 0.001 vs during) diaphragmatic breathing. During manometry and impedancometry, DB was well-tolerated and learned within 5 min. Diaphragmatic breathing increased EGJ pressure (p < 0.001) and restored a negative gastroesophageal pressure gradient (-20 mmHg [-80 to 7]). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Diaphragmatic breathing aided with high resolution esophageal manometry is well-tolerated, effective and averts the gastroesophageal pressure disturbance that leads to rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G Parthasarathy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A E Bharucha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D A Katzka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hillilä M, Färkkilä MA, Sipponen T, Rajala J, Koskenpato J. Does oral α-galactosidase relieve irritable bowel symptoms? Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:16-21. [PMID: 26133538 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1063156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal bloating is reported by a majority of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Excess colonic fermentation may cause gaseous symptoms. Several foodstuffs contain oligosaccharides with an α-galactosidic linkage that is resistant to mammalian hydrolases. Assisted hydrolysis by exogenous α-galactosidase enzyme (AG) could offer a way of controlling IBS symptoms by reducing colonic fermentation and gas production. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of AG on symptom severity and quality of life in IBS patients with abdominal bloating or flatulence. METHODS A total of 125 subjects with IBS received AG or placebo at meals for 12 weeks. IBS-Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline, during the treatment and at 4-week follow-up. RESULTS AG showed a trend toward a more prominent decrease in IBS-SSS. The responder rate at week 16 was higher for the AG group. No difference was detected in QoL between AG and placebo groups. A total of 25 patients (18 in AG group and 7 in placebo group, p = 0.016) withdrew from the study. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were more often reported as reason for withdrawal in AG group. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support the use of AG routinely in IBS patients. Improvement of clinical response at 4-week follow-up may suggest a long-term effect of unknown mechanism, but could also be attributed to non-responder drop out. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects may be a coincidence in this study, but irritation of GI tract by AG administration cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Hillilä
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland.,b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti A Färkkilä
- b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Sipponen
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland.,b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Rajala
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Koskenpato
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland.,b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
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Bendezú RA, Barba E, Burri E, Cisternas D, Malagelada C, Segui S, Accarino A, Quiroga S, Monclus E, Navazo I, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Intestinal gas content and distribution in health and in patients with functional gut symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1249-57. [PMID: 26095329 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise relation of intestinal gas to symptoms, particularly abdominal bloating and distension remains incompletely elucidated. Our aim was to define the normal values of intestinal gas volume and distribution and to identify abnormalities in relation to functional-type symptoms. METHODS Abdominal computed tomography scans were evaluated in healthy subjects (n = 37) and in patients in three conditions: basal (when they were feeling well; n = 88), during an episode of abdominal distension (n = 82) and after a challenge diet (n = 24). Intestinal gas content and distribution were measured by an original analysis program. Identification of patients outside the normal range was performed by machine learning techniques (one-class classifier). Results are expressed as median (IQR) or mean ± SE, as appropriate. KEY RESULTS In healthy subjects the gut contained 95 (71, 141) mL gas distributed along the entire lumen. No differences were detected between patients studied under asymptomatic basal conditions and healthy subjects. However, either during a spontaneous bloating episode or once challenged with a flatulogenic diet, luminal gas was found to be increased and/or abnormally distributed in about one-fourth of the patients. These patients detected outside the normal range by the classifier exhibited a significantly greater number of abnormal features than those within the normal range (3.7 ± 0.4 vs 0.4 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The analysis of a large cohort of subjects using original techniques provides unique and heretofore unavailable information on the volume and distribution of intestinal gas in normal conditions and in relation to functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bendezú
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - E Barba
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - E Burri
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - D Cisternas
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - C Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Segui
- Computer Vision Center, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Quiroga
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Monclus
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Navazo
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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