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Fjaervoll HK, Fjaervoll KA, Yang M, Reiten OK, Bair J, Lee C, Utheim TP, Dartt D. Purinergic agonists increase [Ca 2+] i in rat conjunctival goblet cells through ryanodine receptor type 3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C830-C843. [PMID: 39099424 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
ATP and benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (BzATP) increase free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) resulting in mucin secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the source of the Ca2+i mobilized by ATP and BzATP. First-passage cultured rat CGCs were incubated with Fura-2/AM, and [Ca2+]i was measured under several conditions with ATP and BzATP stimulation. The following conditions were used: 1) preincubation with the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, 2) preincubation with the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin (10-6 M), which depletes ER Ca2+ stores, 3) preincubation with phospholipase C (PLC) or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, or 4) preincubation with the voltage-gated calcium channel antagonist nifedipine (10-5 M) and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist dantrolene (10-5 M). Immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to investigate RyR presence in rat and human CGCs. ATP-stimulated peak [Ca2+]i was significantly lower after chelating Ca2+i with 2 mM EGTA in Ca2+-free buffer. The peak [Ca2+]i increase in CGCs preincubated with thapsigargin, the PKA inhibitor H89, nifedipine, and dantrolene, but not the PLC inhibitor, was reduced for ATP at 10-5 M and BzATP at 10-4 M. Incubating CGCs with dantrolene alone decreased [Ca2+]i and induced CGC cell death at a high concentration. RyR3 was detected in rat and human CGCs with IF and RT-qPCR. We conclude that ATP- and BzATP-induced Ca2+i increases originate from the ER and that RyR3 may be an essential regulator of CGC [Ca2+]i. This study contributes to the understanding of diseases arising from defective Ca2+ signaling in nonexcitable cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY ATP and benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (BzATP) induce mucin secretion through an increase in free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs). The mechanisms through which ATP and BzATP increase [Ca2+]i in CGCs are unclear. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are fundamental in [Ca2+]i regulation in excitable cells. Herein, we find that ATP and BzATP increase [Ca2+]i through the activation of protein kinase A, voltage-gated calcium channels, and RyRs, and that RyRs are crucial for nonexcitable CGCs' Ca2+i homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakon K Fjaervoll
- Division of Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ketil A Fjaervoll
- Division of Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ole K Reiten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Changrim Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Division of Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darlene Dartt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Saito A, Alvi S, Valant C, Christopoulos A, Carbone SE, Poole DP. Therapeutic potential of allosteric modulators for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2232-2246. [PMID: 36565295 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility is tightly regulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS). Disruption of coordinated enteric nervous system activity can result in dysmotility. Pharmacological treatment options for dysmotility include targeting of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed by neurons of the enteric nervous system. Current GPCR-targeting drugs for motility disorders bind to the highly conserved endogenous ligand-binding site and promote indiscriminate activation or inhibition of the target receptor throughout the body. This can be associated with significant side-effect liability and a loss of physiological tone. Allosteric modulators of GPCRs bind to a distinct site from the endogenous ligand, which is typically less conserved across multiple receptor subtypes and can modulate endogenous ligand signalling. Allosteric modulation of GPCRs that are important for enteric nervous system function may provide effective relief from motility disorders while limiting side-effects. This review will focus on how allosteric modulators of GPCRs may influence gastrointestinal motility, using 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh) and opioid receptors as examples. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayame Saito
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sadia Alvi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Salem MB, Saleh AM, Seif El-Din SH, Samir S, Hammam OA, El-Lakkany NM. Molecular docking, characterization, ADME/toxicity prediction, and anti-ulcer activity of new quercetin derivatives on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116880. [PMID: 38447874 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is a serious upper gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects people worldwide. The drugs now available for GU treatment have a high rate of relapses and drug interactions, as well as mild to severe side effects. As a result, new natural therapeutic medications for treating GU with fewer negative side effects are desperately needed. Because of quercetin's (QCT) diverse pharmacological effects and unique structural features, we decided to semi-synthesize new QCT derivatives and test them for antiulcer activity. Docking assays were performed on the synthesized compounds to determine their affinity for TLR-4/MD-2, MyD88/TIR, and NF-κB domains, an important inflammatory pathway involved in GU development and progression. Mice were given oral famotidine (40 mg/kg/day), QCT, QCT pentamethyl (QPM), or QCT pentaacetyl (QPA) (50 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before GU induction by a single intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (INDO; 18 mg/kg). QPM and QPA have a stronger binding affinity for TLR-4/MD-2, MyD88/TIR and NF-κB domains than QCT. In comparison, they demonstrated the greatest reduction in ulcer score and index, gastric MDA and nitric oxide (NO) contents, MyD88 and NF-κB expressions, and gastric TLR-4 immunostaining. They also enhanced the levels of GSH, CAT, COX-1, and COX-2 in the gastric mucosa, as well as HO-1 and Nrf2 expression, with histological regression in gastric mucosal lesions, with QPA-treated mice demonstrating the best GU healing. QPA is safe against all of the target organs and adverse pathways studied, with good ADME properties. However, further in vitro experiments are necessary to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of QPM and QPA on the protein targets of interest. In addition, preclinical research on its bioavailability and safety is essential before clinical management can be undertaken. Overall, the new QPA derivative could one day serve as the basis for a new class of potential antiulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha B Salem
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman M Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Safia Samir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Veluvali A, Snyder M. Dietary fiber deficiency in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:564-569. [PMID: 37751374 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a group of risk factors, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and other chronic diseases. Dietary fiber has been shown to mitigate many of the effects of various risk factors associated with MetS. Our review summarizes the recent findings on the association between dietary fiber deficiency and MetS. RECENT FINDINGS A number of studies have shown that dietary fiber deficiency is associated with an increased risk of MetS. The main mechanisms by which dietary fiber may reduce the risk of MetS include reduction of cholesterol levels; improvement of blood sugar control; reduction of inflammation; and promotion of weight loss. SUMMARY Literature suggests that a deficiency in dietary fiber consumption is a risk factor for MetS. An increase in dietary fiber intake may help to reduce the risk of developing MetS and its associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Snyder
- January AI, Menlo Park
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Botha R, Kumar SS, Grimsey NL, Mountjoy KG. A unique melanocortin-4-receptor signaling profile for obesity-associated constitutively active variants. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 71:e230008. [PMID: 37040537 PMCID: PMC10304906 DOI: 10.1530/jme-23-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis. Studies on obesogenic human MC4R (hMC4R) variants have not yet revealed how hMC4R maintains body weight. Here, we identified a signaling profile for obesogenic constitutively active H76R and L250Q hMC4R variants transfected in HEK293 cells that included constitutive activity for adenylyl cyclase (AC), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element (CRE)-driven transcription, and calcium mobilization but not phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) activity. Importantly, the signaling profile included impaired α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced CRE-driven transcription but not impaired α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced AC, calcium, or pERK1/2. This profile was not observed for transfected H158R, a constitutively active hMC4R variant associated with overweight but not obesity. We concluded that there is potential for α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced CRE-driven transcription in HEK293 cells transfected with obesogenic hMC4R variants to be the key predictive tool for determining whether they exhibit loss of function. Furthermore, in vivo, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced hMC4R CRE-driven transcription may be key for maintaining body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikus Botha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shree S Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen G Mountjoy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
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Birkeland E, Gharagozlian S, Valeur J, Aas AM. Short-chain fatty acids as a link between diet and cardiometabolic risk: a narrative review. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:40. [PMID: 36915164 PMCID: PMC10012717 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Diet has a profound impact on cardiometabolic health outcomes such as obesity, blood glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure. In recent years, the gut microbiota has emerged as one of several potential key players explaining dietary effects on these outcomes. In this review we aim to summarise current knowledge of interaction between diet and gut microbiota focusing on the gut-derived microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids and their role in modulating cardiometabolic risk. FINDINGS Many observational and interventional studies in humans have found that diets rich in fibre or supplemented with prebiotic fibres have a favourable effect on the gut microbiota composition, with increased diversity accompanied by enhancement in short-chain fatty acids and bacteria producing them. High-fat diets, particularly diets high in saturated fatty acids, have shown the opposite effect. Several recent studies indicate that the gut microbiota modulates metabolic responses to diet in, e.g., postprandial blood glucose and blood lipid levels. However, the metabolic responses to dietary interventions, seem to vary depending on individual traits such as age, sex, ethnicity, and existing gut microbiota, as well as genetics. Studies mainly in animal models and cell lines have shown possible pathways through which short-chain fatty acids may mediate these dietary effects on metabolic regulation. Human intervention studies appear to support the favourable effect of short-chain fatty acid in animal studies, but the effects may be modest and vary depending on which cofactors were taken into consideration. CONCLUSION This is an expanding and active field of research that in the near future is likely to broaden our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in modulating metabolic responses to diet. Nevertheless, the findings so far seem to support current dietary guidelines encouraging the intake of fibre rich plant-based foods and discouraging the intake of animal foods rich in saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Birkeland
- Section of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sedegheh Gharagozlian
- Section of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marie Aas
- Section of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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Kaur G, Verma SK, Singh D, Singh NK. Role of G-Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010076. [PMID: 36671648 PMCID: PMC9854459 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of the signal might be a hormone, light, an antigen, an odorant, a neurotransmitter, etc. Similarly, heterotrimeric G-proteins principally provide communication from the plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the inner compartments of the cells to control various biochemical activities. G-protein-coupled signaling regulates different physiological functions in the targeted cell types. This review article discusses G-proteins' signaling and regulation functions and their physiological relevance. In addition, we also elaborate on the role of G-proteins in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Verma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Deepak Singh
- Lloyd Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence:
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Roy A. Advances in the molecular level understanding of G-protein coupled receptor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:1-13. [PMID: 36813353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent largest family of plasma membrane-bound receptor proteins that are involved in numerous cellular and physiological functions. Many extracellular stimuli such as hormones, lipids and chemokines activate these receptors. Aberrant expression and genetic alteration in GPCR are associated with many human diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. GPCRs have emerged as potential therapeutic target and numerous drugs are either approved by FDA or under clinical trial. This chapter provides an update on GPCR research and its significance as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A narrative review of observational and interventional studies. Auton Neurosci 2023; 244:103052. [PMID: 36525900 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a chronic health condition affecting mostly women of childbearing age, and significantly impacting their health and quality of life. It is currently poorly understood with no approved licensed treatments. The aim of this systematic review was to contextualize the symptom burden of POTS, and review factors associated with this burden that may guide future treatments. The specific questions were (1) How does symptom burden in POTS compare to the burden in other long term conditions (LTCs), (2) Which factors are associated with POTS symptom burden, and (3) Which interventions show promise in reducing symptom burden in POTS. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT Electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, APA PsycArticles, OpenGrey) were searched from inception to January 2022 for observational studies reporting on the association between any biological, psychological or social factors and symptom burden, and randomized controlled trials reporting on interventions for symptom burden in adults with POTS. Two reviewers independently conducted eligibility screening, data extraction and quality assessment. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS/CONCLUSION 5159 entries were screened for eligibility. Twenty-nine studies were included (1372 participants with POTS of a total sample size of 2314, 17 High-, 12 Medium-quality), seventeen were observational and twelve were randomized controlled experimental and intervention trials. Overall methodological quality of the evidence was medium-high but heterogeneity was high and sample sizes modest, allowing moderately robust conclusions. Orthostatic symptom burden was higher in POTS than other LTCs. Serum activity against adrenergic α1 receptors, physical functioning, depression, catastrophizing, prolonged cognitive stress testing and anxiety were significantly associated with symptom burden in medium-high quality studies. Preliminary medium-high quality evidence from predominantly proof-of-concept (n = 11) studies and one 3-month 2 × 2 factorial design trial suggest that compression garments, propranolol, pyridostigmine, desmopressin, and bisoprolol may hold promise in reducing symptom burden. Directions for future research include investigating associated factors over time, the development of complex interventions which address both biological and psychosocial factors associated with symptom burden, and effectiveness trials of these interventions. SIGNIFICANCE POTS symptom burden is high, particularly in relation to orthostatic intolerance when compared to other long-term conditions (LTCs). Despite this burden, there are no effectiveness randomized controlled trials of treatment to reduce symptoms in POTS. This review provides a starting point to understanding researched biological and psychosocial factors associated with this burden. There was however inconsistency in the measurement of symptom burden, lowering the confidence of cross-study inferences. A coherent definition of POTS symptom range, severity and impact along with a validated and reliable POTS-specific instrument is currently lacking. A standardized questionnaire to assess POTS symptom burden as a core outcome measure will help clarify future research and clinical practice.
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Igarashi M, Hayakawa T, Tanabe H, Watanabe K, Nishida A, Kimura I. Intestinal GPR119 activation by microbiota-derived metabolites impacts feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101649. [PMID: 36462626 PMCID: PMC9771719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gastrointestinal tract affects physiological activities and behavior by secreting hormones and generating signals through the activation of nutrient sensors. GPR119, a lipid sensor, is indirectly involved in the secretion of incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, by enteroendocrine cells, while it directly stimulates insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. Since GPR119 has the potential to modulate metabolic homeostasis in obesity and diabetes, it has attracted interest as a therapeutic target. However, previous studies have shown that the deletion of Gpr119 in mice does not affect glucose homeostasis and appetite in either basal or high-fat diet-fed conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of GPR119 signaling system in energy metabolism and feeding behavior in mice. METHODS Gpr119 knockout (KO) mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology, and their feeding behavior and energy metabolism were evaluated and compared with those of wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS Upon inducing metabolic stress via food deprivation, Gpr119 KO mice exhibited lower blood glucose levels and a higher body weight reduction compared to WT mice. Although food intake in WT and KO mice were similar under free-feeding conditions, Gpr119 KO mice exhibited increased food intake when they were refed after 24 h of food deprivation. Further, food-deprived Gpr119 KO mice presented shorter post-meal intervals and lower satiety for second and later meals during refeeding, resulting in increased food intake. Associated with this meal pattern, levels of oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous agonist of GPR119, in the luminal contents of the distal gastrointestinal tract were elevated within 2 h after refeeding. The large-intestinal infusion of OEA prolonged post-meal intervals and increased satiety in the first meal, but not the second meal. On the other hand, infusion of oleic acid increased cecal OEA levels at 2 h from the beginning of infusion, while prolonging post-meal intervals and increasing satiety on the meals that occurred approximately 2 h after the infusion. Cecal OEA levels were low in antibiotic-treated mice, suggesting that the gut microbiota partially synthesizes OEA from oleic acid. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that the activation of gastrointestinal GPR119 by microbiota-produced OEA derived from oleic acid is associated with satiety control and energy homeostasis under energy shortage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Disorders, 255 Furusawa-Tsuko, Asao-ku, Kanagawa 215-0026, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiko Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haruka Tanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akari Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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12
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Li H, Zhang W, Ma F, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang J. Abdominal Massage Improves the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Regulating Mast Cells via the Trypase-PAR2-PKC ε Pathway in Rats. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:8331439. [PMID: 36213180 PMCID: PMC9534680 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8331439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a clinical disease mainly characterized as a syndrome of abdominal pain and discomfort, which frequently occurs in humans aged 20-50. Abdomen massage is of great medical significance for the health of the human body, including promoting intestinal peristalsis, relieving constipation, and facilitating weight loss. However, its potential benefits in alleviating IBS and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Methods In this study, we established an IBS model in rats to evaluate the effects of abdomen massage. Forty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: the normal (control) group, IBS group, abdominal massage group, and abdominal massage + ketotifen treatment group (n = 10 rats in each group). Abdominal massage was performed once a day for 5 minutes for 14 days. On day 14, the rats were euthanized and the tissues were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining, and laser confocal focus to visualize the micromorphology of the intestinal mucosa. The expression of TRPV1 and the release of trypase were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot. Results We found that compared with the control group, the mast cells in the IBS group were significantly increased and the increased MC was partially decreased by an abdominal massage with or without ketotifen treatment. We also found that TRPV1 was upregulated in the IBS group. Abdominal massage with or without ketotifen treatment could attenuate the upregulation of TRPV1 in IBS. Mechanically, results of IHC and western Blot suggested that abdominal massage reduces the sensitivity of IBS by regulating the trypase-PAR2-PKCε pathway. Conclusion Overall, our results suggested that abdominal massage produces a beneficial effect in improving the symptoms of IBS through reducing mast cell recruitment and attenuating the trypase-PAR2-PKCε pathway. Ketotifen could promote the effect of abdominal massage on IBS treatment, which can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Li
- Department of Tuina, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Tuina, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Tuina, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Tuina, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Department of Tuina, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300000, China
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13
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Latorre R, Hegron A, Peach CJ, Teng S, Tonello R, Retamal JS, Klein-Cloud R, Bok D, Jensen DD, Gottesman-Katz L, Rientjes J, Veldhuis NA, Poole DP, Schmidt BL, Pothoulakis CH, Rankin C, Xie Y, Koon HW, Bunnett NW. Mice expressing fluorescent PAR 2 reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112059119. [PMID: 35110404 PMCID: PMC8833192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112059119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many pathophysiological processes and are major therapeutic targets. The impact of disease on the subcellular distribution and function of GPCRs is poorly understood. We investigated trafficking and signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in colitis. To localize PAR2 and assess redistribution during disease, we generated knockin mice expressing PAR2 fused to monomeric ultrastable green fluorescent protein (muGFP). PAR2-muGFP signaled and trafficked normally. PAR2 messenger RNA was detected at similar levels in Par2-mugfp and wild-type mice. Immunostaining with a GFP antibody and RNAScope in situ hybridization using F2rl1 (PAR2) and Gfp probes revealed that PAR2-muGFP was expressed in epithelial cells of the small and large intestine and in subsets of enteric and dorsal root ganglia neurons. In healthy mice, PAR2-muGFP was prominently localized to the basolateral membrane of colonocytes. In mice with colitis, PAR2-muGFP was depleted from the plasma membrane of colonocytes and redistributed to early endosomes, consistent with generation of proinflammatory proteases that activate PAR2 PAR2 agonists stimulated endocytosis of PAR2 and recruitment of Gαq, Gαi, and β-arrestin to early endosomes of T84 colon carcinoma cells. PAR2 agonists increased paracellular permeability of colonic epithelial cells, induced colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice, and stimulated proinflammatory cytokine release from segments of human colon. Knockdown of dynamin-2 (Dnm2), the major colonocyte isoform, and Dnm inhibition attenuated PAR2 endocytosis, signaling complex assembly and colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, PAR2 endocytosis sustains protease-evoked inflammation and nociception and PAR2 in endosomes is a potential therapeutic target for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Alan Hegron
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Chloe J Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Jeffri S Retamal
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Rafael Klein-Cloud
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Diana Bok
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Lena Gottesman-Katz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Jeanette Rientjes
- Gene Modification Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Charalabos H Pothoulakis
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Carl Rankin
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ying Xie
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010;
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
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14
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DiCello JJ, Carbone SE, Saito A, Pham V, Szymaszkiewicz A, Gondin AB, Alvi S, Marique K, Shenoy P, Veldhuis NA, Fichna J, Canals M, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Poole DP. Positive allosteric modulation of endogenous delta opioid receptor signaling in the enteric nervous system is a potential treatment for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G66-G78. [PMID: 34755545 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00297.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators (AMs) are molecules that can fine-tune signaling by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although they are a promising therapeutic approach for treating a range of disorders, allosteric modulation of GPCRs in the context of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and digestive dysfunction remains largely unexplored. This study examined allosteric modulation of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) in the ENS and assessed the suitability of DOR AMs for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms using mouse models. The effects of the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of DOR, BMS-986187, on neurogenic contractions of the mouse colon and on DOR internalization in enteric neurons were quantified. The ability of BMS-986187 to influence colonic motility was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. BMS-986187 displayed DOR-selective PAM-agonist activity and orthosteric agonist probe dependence in the mouse colon. BMS-986187 augmented the inhibitory effects of DOR agonists on neurogenic contractions and enhanced reflex-evoked DOR internalization in myenteric neurons. BMS-986187 significantly increased DOR endocytosis in myenteric neurons in response to the weakly internalizing agonist ARM390. BMS-986187 reduced the generation of complex motor patterns in the isolated intact colon. BMS-986187 reduced fecal output and diarrhea onset in the novel environment stress and castor oil models of IBS symptoms, respectively. DOR PAMs enhance DOR-mediated signaling in the ENS and have potential benefit for the treatment of dysmotility. This study provides proof of concept to support the use of GPCR AMs for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study assesses the use of positive allosteric modulation as a pharmacological approach to enhance opioid receptor signaling in the enteric nervous system. We demonstrate that selective modulation of endogenous delta opioid receptor signaling can suppress colonic motility without causing constipation. We propose that allosteric modulation of opioid receptor signaling may be a therapeutic strategy to normalize gastrointestinal motility in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J DiCello
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ayame Saito
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Agata Szymaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arisbel B Gondin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sadia Alvi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kiliana Marique
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priyank Shenoy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Traserra S, Barber C, Maclnnes J, Relea L, MacPherson LC, Cunningham MR, Vergara P, Accarino A, Kennedy C, Jimenez M. Different responses of the blockade of the P2Y1 receptor with BPTU in human and porcine intestinal tissues and in cell cultures. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14101. [PMID: 33619847 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation is accomplished by activation of P2Y1 receptors, therefore this receptor plays an important role in regulation of gut motility. Recently, BPTU was developed as a negative allosteric modulator of the P2Y1 receptor. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of BPTU on purinergic neurotransmission in pig and human gastrointestinal tissues. METHODS Ca2+ imaging in tSA201 cells that express the human P2Y1 receptor, organ bath and microelectrodes in tissues were used to evaluate the effects of BPTU on purinergic responses. KEY RESULTS BPTU concentration dependently (0.1 and 1 µmol L-1 ) inhibited the rise in intracellular Ca2+ evoked by ADP in tSA201 cells. In the pig small intestine, 30 µmol L-1 BPTU reduced the fast inhibitory junction potential by 80%. Smooth muscle relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation were reduced both in pig ileum (EC50 = 6 µmol L-1 ) and colon (EC50 = 35 µmol L-1 ), but high concentrations of BPTU (up to 100 µmol L-1 ) had no effect on human colonic muscle. MRS2500 (1 µmol L-1 ) abolished all responses. Finally, 10 µmol L-1 ADPβS inhibited spontaneous motility and this was partially reversed by 30 µmol L-1 BPTU in pig, but not human colonic tissue and abolished by MRS2500 (1 µmol L-1 ). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES BPTU blocks purinergic responses elicited via P2Y1 receptors in cell cultures and in pig gastrointestinal tissue. However, the concentrations needed are higher in pig tissue compared to cell cultures and BPTU was ineffective in human colonic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Traserra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Barber
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jane Maclnnes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lucia Relea
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lewis C MacPherson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret R Cunningham
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patri Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd),, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd),, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd),, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Gottesman-Katz L, Latorre R, Vanner S, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW. Targeting G protein-coupled receptors for the treatment of chronic pain in the digestive system. Gut 2021; 70:970-981. [PMID: 33272979 PMCID: PMC9716638 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a hallmark of functional disorders, inflammatory diseases and cancer of the digestive system. The mechanisms that initiate and sustain chronic pain are incompletely understood, and available therapies are inadequate. This review highlights recent advances in the structure and function of pronociceptive and antinociceptive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that provide insights into the mechanisms and treatment of chronic pain. This knowledge, derived from studies of somatic pain, can guide research into visceral pain. Mediators from injured tissues transiently activate GPCRs at the plasma membrane of neurons, leading to sensitisation of ion channels and acute hyperexcitability and nociception. Sustained agonist release evokes GPCR redistribution to endosomes, where persistent signalling regulates activity of channels and genes that control chronic hyperexcitability and nociception. Endosomally targeted GPCR antagonists provide superior pain relief in preclinical models. Biased agonists stabilise GPCR conformations that favour signalling of beneficial actions at the expense of detrimental side effects. Biased agonists of µ-opioid receptors (MOPrs) can provide analgesia without addiction, respiratory depression and constipation. Opioids that preferentially bind to MOPrs in the acidic microenvironment of diseased tissues produce analgesia without side effects. Allosteric modulators of GPCRs fine-tune actions of endogenous ligands, offering the prospect of refined pain control. GPCR dimers might function as distinct therapeutic targets for nociception. The discovery that GPCRs that control itch also mediate irritant sensation in the colon has revealed new targets. A deeper understanding of GPCR structure and function in different microenvironments offers the potential of developing superior treatments for GI pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gottesman-Katz
- Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Bluestone Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Proteomics and Imaging in Crohn’s Disease: TAILS of Unlikely Allies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Carbone SE, Poole DP. Inflammation without pain: Immune-derived opioids hold the key. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13787. [PMID: 31999404 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain is commonly associated with acute or remitting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In marked contrast, chronic IBD is often painless, even in the presence of active inflammation. This suggests that inflammation in itself is insufficient to sustain altered nociceptive signaling and raises the possibility that there is an endogenous analgesic system in effect in chronic disease. A new study by Basso et al. published in this issue of Neurogastroenterology & Motility provides additional support for an immune-mediated mechanism that suppresses visceral hypersensitivity. The authors examined visceral pain in the IL-10-piroxicam model of chronic colitis, which differs from other experimental IBD models in that it involves immune suppression. During active inflammation, responses by these mice to graded increases in colorectal distension were equivalent to healthy controls, consistent with normal afferent signaling. However, treatment with a peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonist resulted in marked visceral hypersensitivity to the same stimuli. This effect was attributed to the production of endogenous opioids by colitogenic CD4+ T cells present in the mucosa. This mini-review provides a brief overview of analgesia by immune-derived opioids under inflammatory conditions and highlights how the work of Basso et al. contributes to this area of research. Potential pharmacological approaches to harness or mimic this system are provided. These strategies may prove to be an effective means through which targeted and sustained relief of IBD pain may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona E Carbone
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,ARC CoE in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,ARC CoE in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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19
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DiCello JJ, Carbone SE, Saito A, Rajasekhar P, Ceredig RA, Pham V, Valant C, Christopoulos A, Veldhuis NA, Canals M, Massotte D, Poole DP. Mu and Delta Opioid Receptors Are Coexpressed and Functionally Interact in the Enteric Nervous System of the Mouse Colon. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:465-483. [PMID: 31759144 PMCID: PMC7036548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional interactions between the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and delta opioid receptor (DOR) represent a potential target for novel analgesics and may drive the effects of the clinically approved drug eluxadoline for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Although the enteric nervous system (ENS) is a likely site of action, the coexpression and potential interaction between MOR and DOR in the ENS are largely undefined. In the present study, we have characterized the distribution of MOR in the mouse ENS and examined MOR-DOR interactions by using pharmacologic and cell biology techniques. METHODS MOR and DOR expression was defined by using MORmCherry and MORmCherry-DOR-eGFP knockin mice. MOR-DOR interactions were assessed by using DOR-eGFP internalization assays and by pharmacologic analysis of neurogenic contractions of the colon. RESULTS Although MOR was expressed by approximately half of all myenteric neurons, MOR-positive submucosal neurons were rarely observed. There was extensive overlap between MOR and DOR in both excitatory and inhibitory pathways involved in the coordination of intestinal motility. MOR and DOR can functionally interact, as shown through heterologous desensitization of MOR-dependent responses by DOR agonists. Functional evidence suggests that MOR and DOR may not exist as heteromers in the ENS. Pharmacologic studies show no evidence of cooperativity between MOR and DOR. DOR internalizes independently of MOR in myenteric neurons, and MOR-evoked contractions are unaffected by the sequestration of DOR. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings demonstrate that although MOR and DOR are coexpressed in the ENS and functionally interact, they are unlikely to exist as heteromers under physiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Colon/metabolism
- Cricetulus
- Enteric Nervous System/drug effects
- Enteric Nervous System/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Protein Multimerization/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J DiCello
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ayame Saito
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rajasekhar
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian A Ceredig
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Massotte
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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