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De Luca M, Musio B, Balestra F, Arrè V, Negro R, Depalo N, Rizzi F, Mastrogiacomo R, Panzetta G, Donghia R, Pesole PL, Coletta S, Piccinno E, Scalavino V, Serino G, Maqoud F, Russo F, Orlando A, Todisco S, Mastrorilli P, Curri ML, Gallo V, Giannelli G, Scavo MP. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Crohn's Patients on Adalimumab Who Received COVID-19 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8853. [PMID: 39201543 PMCID: PMC11355036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the gastrointestinal tract that can also cause extra-intestinal complications. Following exposure to the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein, some patients experienced a lack of response to the biological drug Adalimumab and a recrudescence of the disease. In CD patients in progression, resistant to considered biological therapy, an abnormal increase in intestinal permeability was observed, more often with a modulated expression of different proteins such as Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) and in tight junctions (e.g., ZO-1, Claudin1, Claudin2, Occludin), especially during disease flares. The aim of this study is to investigate how the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could interfere with IBD therapy and contribute to disease exacerbation. We investigated the role of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the impact of various EVs components, namely, exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs), in modulating the expression of molecules involved in the exacerbation of CD, which remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (R.N.); (G.P.)
| | - Biagia Musio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.M.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesco Balestra
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (R.N.); (G.P.)
| | - Valentina Arrè
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (R.N.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberto Negro
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (R.N.); (G.P.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)—CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (F.R.); (R.M.); (M.L.C.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)—CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (F.R.); (R.M.); (M.L.C.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Mastrogiacomo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)—CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (F.R.); (R.M.); (M.L.C.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panzetta
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (R.N.); (G.P.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Emanuele Piccinno
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Viviana Scalavino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grazia Serino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (F.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Francesco Russo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (F.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (F.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Stefano Todisco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.M.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Pietro Mastrorilli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.M.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)—CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (F.R.); (R.M.); (M.L.C.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Gallo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.M.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (R.N.); (G.P.)
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Aishwarya S, Gunasekaran K. Differential Gene Expression Profiles Involved in the Inflammations Due to COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and the Investigation of Predictive Biomarkers. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:311-332. [PMID: 37335372 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal manifestations in COVID-19 were attributed to 74-86% of the hospitalised patients due to severe or prolonged pathogenesis. Though it is a respiratory disease, the impact it elicits on the gastrointestinal tract and brain are intense. Inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The intrinsic mechanisms involved in gut inflammations due to a respiratory viral disease can be deciphered when the gene expression profiles of COVID-19 and IBD are compared. The current study utilises an integrated bioinformatics approach to unravel them. The publicly available gene expression profiles of colon transcriptomes infected with COVID-19, Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis were retrieved, integrated and analysed for the identification of differentially expressed genes. The inter-relational analysis along with gene annotation and pathway enrichment detailed the functional and metabolic pathways of the genes during normal and diseased conditions. The protein-protein interactions deduced from the STRING database and the identified hub genes predicted potential biomarker candidates for COVID-19, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The inflammatory response pathways were upregulated and enrichment of chemokine signalling, altered lipid metabolism, coagulation and complement cascades were seen in all three conditions along with impaired transport mechanisms. CXCL11, MMP10, and CFB are predicted to be overexpressed biomarkers, whilst GUCA2A, SLC13A2, CEACAM, and IGSF9 as downregulated novel biomarker candidates for colon inflammations. The three miRNAs hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-27b-5p exhibited significant interactions with the upregulated hub genes and four long non-coding RNAs NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and LINC00852 capable of regulating miRNA were also predicted. This study offers significant information on the underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease with identification of potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aishwarya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India.
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - K Gunasekaran
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Quarleri J, Delpino MV. Molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 hepatotropism and liver damage. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:1-11. [PMID: 38313242 PMCID: PMC10835487 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the respiratory system, but evidence suggests extrapulmonary organ involvement, notably in the liver. Viral RNA has been detected in hepatic tissues, and in situ hybridization revealed virions in blood vessels and endothelial cells. Electron microscopy confirmed viral particles in hepatocytes, emphasizing the need for understanding hepatotropism and direct cytopathic effects in COVID-19-related liver injury. Various factors contribute to liver injury, including direct cytotoxicity, vascular changes, inflammatory responses, immune reactions from COVID-19 and vaccinations, and drug-induced liver injury. Although a typical hepatitis presentation is not widely documented, elevated liver biochemical markers are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, primarily showing a hepatocellular pattern of elevation. Long-term studies suggest progressive cholestasis may affect 20% of patients with chronic liver disease post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver and the resulting liver damage are complex. This "Editorial" highlights the expression of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor in liver cells, the role of inflammatory responses, the impact of hypoxia, the involvement of the liver's vascular system, the infection of bile duct epithelial cells, the activation of hepatic stellate cells, and the contribution of monocyte-derived macrophages. It also mentions that pre-existing liver conditions can worsen the outcomes of COVID-19. Understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the liver is still evolving, and further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
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Negrut N, Menegas G, Kampioti S, Bourelou M, Kopanyi F, Hassan FD, Asowed A, Taleouine FZ, Ferician A, Marian P. The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:244. [PMID: 38337760 PMCID: PMC10855167 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: the recent literature was systematically analyzed to categorize and examine the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Long COVID across various bodily systems, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, renal, hematological, and endocrinological aspects. (3) Results: The review outlines the diverse clinical manifestations of Long COVID across multiple systems, emphasizing its complexity and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Factors such as pre-existing conditions, initial COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, gender, and age were identified as influential in the manifestation and persistence of Long COVID symptoms. This condition is highlighted as a debilitating disease capable of enduring over an extended period and presenting new symptoms over time. (4) Conclusions: Long COVID emerges as a condition with intricate multi-systemic involvement, complicating its diagnosis and treatment. The findings underscore the necessity for a nuanced understanding of its diverse manifestations to effectively manage and address the evolving nature of this condition over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Georgios Menegas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Achillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Polymeri 134, 38222 Volos, Greece;
| | - Sofia Kampioti
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Maria Bourelou
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Francesca Kopanyi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Faiso Dahir Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Anamaria Asowed
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Fatima Zohra Taleouine
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK;
| | - Anca Ferician
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.)
| | - Paula Marian
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.)
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Du W, Ye C, Lin Y, Zhai H, Xia J. Study on the clinical value of Vitamin D in recurrent spontaneous abortion: Revisiting the Importance of Vitamin D. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13810. [PMID: 38282601 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the possible pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) caused by vitamin D (VD), provides evidence-based bases for prevention and treatment of RSA, improves female reproductive health. METHODS This study randomly selected 305 patients without spontaneous abortion (SA0), 216 patients with a spontaneous abortion (SA1) and 200 patients with RSA from 1421 women of childbearing age who visited the RSA specialty clinic of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 to conduct a prospective clinical study. Then, we collected the data of clinical diagnosis and treatment, conducted intervention and follow-up, and finally executed statistical analysis. RESULTS (1) RSA patients were significantly older than the other two groups. (2) The rates of VD deficiency in SA1 and RSA patients were significantly higher than those in SA0. (3) When BMI < 20 or > 24 kg/m2 , there were abnormal increase in VD and increased number of spontaneous abortions. (4) The bilateral S/D of the VD-sufficient, VD-insufficient and VD-deficient groups gradually increased with statistical significance (p ≤ .018). (5) Among the 65 cases undergoing embryo chromosome examinations, chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 55.38% and 69.05% in RSA patients. (6) Among 186 patients with abnormal ACA, there was a certain negative correlation between ACA and VD, which was stronger among RSA patients. Moreover, ACA significantly decreased (p < .001) after effectively supplementing VD, and the miscarriage rate of re-pregnancy also decreased. CONCLUSION The rate of VD deficiency is higher in RSA patients. VD deficiency may be related to the age of women of childbearing age and too low or high BMI, and may cause abnormal plasma antiphospholipid antibodies, increased uterine artery resistance and abnormal chromosomal division during fertilization, leading to spontaneous abortion and even RSA. The improvement of VD deficiency may reduce the risk of RSA occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmei Xia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Suvorov A, Loginova S, Leontieva G, Gupalova T, Desheva Y, Korzhevskii D, Kramskaya T, Bormotova E, Koroleva I, Kopteva O, Kirik O, Shchukina V, Savenko S, Kutaev D, Borisevitch S. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Expressing Enterococcus for Oral Vaccination: Immunogenicity and Protection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1714. [PMID: 38006046 PMCID: PMC10675790 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The declaration of the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic notwithstanding, coronavirus remains prevalent in circulation, and the potential emergence of novel variants of concern introduces the possibility of new outbreaks. Moreover, it is not clear how quickly and to what extent the effectiveness of vaccination will decline as the virus continues to mutate. One possible solution to combat the rapidly mutating coronavirus is the creation of safe vaccine platforms that can be rapidly adapted to deliver new, specific antigens in response to viral mutations. Recombinant probiotic microorganisms that can produce viral antigens by inserting specific viral DNA fragments into their genome show promise as a platform and vector for mucosal vaccine antigen delivery. The authors of this study have developed a convenient and universal technique for inserting the DNA sequences of pathogenic bacteria and viruses into the gene that encodes the pili protein of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3. The paper presents data on the immunogenic properties of two E. faecium L3 vaccine strains, which produce two different fragments of the coronavirus S1 protein, and provides an assessment of the protective efficacy of these oral vaccines against coronavirus infection in Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Suvorov
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Svetlana Loginova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution 48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 141306 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Leontieva
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Tatiana Gupalova
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Yulia Desheva
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Dmitry Korzhevskii
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Tatiana Kramskaya
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Elena Bormotova
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Irina Koroleva
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Olga Kopteva
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Olga Kirik
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (G.L.); (T.G.); (D.K.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Veronika Shchukina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution 48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 141306 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Savenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution 48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 141306 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kutaev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution 48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 141306 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Borisevitch
- Federal State Budgetary Institution 48th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 141306 Moscow, Russia
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Feng X, Xu H. SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health: A review of potential mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12578-12596. [PMID: 35894645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great problems to mankind, including economic recession and poor health. COVID-19 patients are frequently reported with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in clinical diagnosis. Maintaining intestinal health is the key guarantee to maintain the normal function of multiple organs, otherwise it will be a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this review was deeply understanded the potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health and put forward reasonable treatment strategies. Combined with the existing researches, we summarized the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health, including intestinal microbiome disruption, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal oxidative stress and intestinal cytokine storm. These adverse intestinal events may affect other organs through the circulatory system or aggravate the course of the disease. Typically, intestinal disadvantage may promote the progression of SARS-CoV-2 through the gut-lung axis and increase the disease degree of COVID-19 patients. In view of the lack of specific drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the current review described new strategies of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and nutrients to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and maintain intestinal health. To provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhang P, Zheng CB, Liu XY, Zhang X, Huang L, Zeng X. Lymphocytes regulate expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry factor ACE2 in the pancreas of T2DM patients. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15106. [PMID: 37014274 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show both poorer clinical outcomes and have an increased risk of death. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection requires simultaneous expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry factors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) in the same cell. The aim of the study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of a COVID-19 infection in patients with T2DM. METHODS The distribution and expression of AEC2 and TMPRSS2 in different pancreatic cell types in clinical samples of T2DM patients and diabetic mouse models were analysed by single-cell sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and basic experiments. RESULTS The results showed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the ducts of the human pancreas. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ductal cells in vivo through ACE2 and TMPRSS2. T2DM can promote the co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in exocrine ducts, including in the human pancreas. We hypothesize that ACE2 expression levels are associated with increased numbers of lymphocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Increased blood glucose levels are associated with increased ACE2 expression and an increased number of lymphocytes. At the same time, lymphocytes can promote ACE2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyan Huang
- Pathological Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Longgang E.N.T. Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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9
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Fujiwara Y, Sawada A, Higashimori A, Nakata R, Tanoue K, Nishida Y, Maruyama H, Ominami M, Fukunaga S, Otani K, Hosomi S, Kamata N, Tanaka F, Nagami Y, Taira K. The impact of COVID-19 on Japanese patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders during the vaccination era. JGH Open 2023; 7:702-707. [PMID: 37908294 PMCID: PMC10615174 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are chronic allergic diseases categorized as eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE EGIDs. Few studies regarding the association between EGIDs and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported. Although most Japanese individuals received the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine, the incidence of COVID-19 remained high in 2022. This study examines the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with EGIDs during the vaccination era. Methods Patients with EGIDs who visited our department between October and December 2022 were enrolled in the study. The incidence and severity of COVID-19 prior to October 1, 2022 were determined. Patients who reported having COVID-19 also reported their hospitalization history, intensive care unit admissions, and EGID flares. The number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations received and treatment for EGIDs were obtained from the patients' medical records. Results Of 111 patients with EGIDs (65 with EoE and 46 with non-EoE EGIDs) included in this study, 31 (28%) patients reported having COVID-19, including 14 (22%) with EoE and 17 (37%) with non-EoE EGIDs. Fifty-nine (84%) patients received two or more vaccinations, and 11 (16%) patients received no vaccinations. COVID-19 was mild in all but one patient who had moderate symptoms. COVID-19 was not associated with EGID flares. EGID treatments and an unvaccinated status were not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. Conclusion COVID-19 was mild in patients with EGIDs and not associated with EGIDs flares during the vaccination era. There was a relatively high incidence of COVID-19 among patients with non-EoE EGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Akinari Sawada
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Akira Higashimori
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kojiro Tanoue
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yu Nishida
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Masaki Ominami
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shusei Fukunaga
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of GastroenterologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
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10
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Yu H, Yuan L, Yan Z, Zhou M, Ye J, Wu K, Chen W, Chen R, Xia N, Guan Y, Zhu H. Butyrate Protects against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Tissue Damage in Golden Hamsters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14191. [PMID: 37762492 PMCID: PMC10532055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, produced by gut microbe during dietary fiber fermentation, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on chronic inflammation diseases, yet it remains to be explored whether butyrate has protective effects against viral infections. Here, we demonstrated that butyrate alleviated tissue injury in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected golden hamsters supplemented with butyrate before and during the infection. Butyrate-treated hamsters showed augmentation of type I interferon (IFN) response and activation of endothelial cells without exaggerated inflammation. In addition, butyrate regulated redox homeostasis by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to inhibit excessive apoptotic cell death. Therefore, butyrate exhibited effective prevention against SARS-CoV-2 by upregulating antiviral immune responses and promoting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education), Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Lunzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhigang Yan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education), Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education), Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Rirong Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education), Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Guan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education), Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Advanced Pathogen Research Institute, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education), Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (SKLEID), School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Advanced Pathogen Research Institute, Futian District, Shenzhen 518045, China
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11
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Shmuel-Galia L, Humphries F, Vierbuchen T, Jiang Z, Santos N, Johnson J, Shklyar B, Joannas L, Mustone N, Sherman S, Ward D, Houghton J, Baer CE, O'Hara A, Henao-Mejia J, Hoebe K, Fitzgerald KA. The lncRNA HOXA11os regulates mitochondrial function in myeloid cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1441-1456.e9. [PMID: 37494932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals a previously uncharacterized mechanism to restrict intestinal inflammation via a regulatory RNA transcribed from a noncoding genomic locus. We identified a novel transcript of the lncRNA HOXA11os specifically expressed in the distal colon that is reduced to undetectable levels in colitis. HOXA11os is localized to mitochondria under basal conditions and interacts with a core subunit of complex 1 of the electron transport chain (ETC) to maintain its activity. Deficiency of HOXA11os in colonic myeloid cells results in complex I deficiency, dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). As a result, HOXA11os-deficient mice develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation and are hypersusceptible to colitis. Collectively, these studies identify a new regulatory axis whereby a lncRNA maintains intestinal homeostasis and restricts inflammation in the colon through the regulation of complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Shmuel-Galia
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Fiachra Humphries
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tim Vierbuchen
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nolan Santos
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Johnson
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Boris Shklyar
- Bioimaging Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonel Joannas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Mustone
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shany Sherman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doyle Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina E Baer
- Sanderson Center for Optical Imaging and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aisling O'Hara
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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12
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Scalzo N, Ungaro RC. Managing IBD in the COVID-19 era. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231176450. [PMID: 37337593 PMCID: PMC10273097 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231176450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 2 years the lives of millions have changed because of the emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represent a sizable population with their own sets of challenges to providers in the wake of so much uncertainty. The Centers for Disease Control considers immunocompromised individuals at higher risk of infection and complications from COVID-19. Early in the pandemic, the specific risks for IBD patients were unclear as guidance was based on expert opinion regarding the management of IBD during a COVID-19 era. Fortunately, after considerable work in the field, the overwhelming evidence suggests that IBD patients as a whole do not appear to be at increased risk for more severe disease from COVID-19. Certain risk factors such as age, steroids, comorbidities, combination immunomodulatory therapy, and IBD disease activity have been associated with worse outcomes. Most IBD medications are low risk, with the exception of immunomodulator monotherapy and combination therapy with thiopurine and anti-TNF. Vaccination remains safe and effective for all IBD patients, although additional booster doses may be necessary, particularly in patients taking anti-TNF agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Scalzo
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Department of Medicine Box 1118, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Jha D, Al-Taie Z, Krek A, Eshghi ST, Fantou A, Laurent T, Tankelevich M, Cao X, Meringer H, Livanos AE, Tokuyama M, Cossarini F, Bourreille A, Josien R, Hou R, Canales-Herrerias P, Ungaro RC, Kayal M, Marion J, Polydorides AD, Ko HM, D’souza D, Merand R, Kim-Schulze S, Hackney JA, Nguyen A, McBride JM, Yuan GC, Colombel JF, Martin JC, Argmann C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Petralia F, Mehandru S. Myeloid cell influx into the colonic epithelium is associated with disease severity and non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in patients with Ulcerative Colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.542863. [PMID: 37333091 PMCID: PMC10274630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.542863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with sharply rising global prevalence. Dysfunctional epithelial compartment (EC) dynamics are implicated in UC pathogenesis although EC-specific studies are sparse. Applying orthogonal high-dimensional EC profiling to a Primary Cohort (PC; n=222), we detail major epithelial and immune cell perturbations in active UC. Prominently, reduced frequencies of mature BEST4+OTOP2+ absorptive and BEST2+WFDC2+ secretory epithelial enterocytes were associated with the replacement of homeostatic, resident TRDC+KLRD1+HOPX+ γδ+ T cells with RORA+CCL20+S100A4+ TH17 cells and the influx of inflammatory myeloid cells. The EC transcriptome (exemplified by S100A8, HIF1A, TREM1, CXCR1) correlated with clinical, endoscopic, and histological severity of UC in an independent validation cohort (n=649). Furthermore, therapeutic relevance of the observed cellular and transcriptomic changes was investigated in 3 additional published UC cohorts (n=23, 48 and 204 respectively) to reveal that non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNF) therapy was associated with EC related myeloid cell perturbations. Altogether, these data provide high resolution mapping of the EC to facilitate therapeutic decision-making and personalization of therapy in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jha
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zainab Al-Taie
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shadi Toghi Eshghi
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Aurelie Fantou
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Laurent
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Michael Tankelevich
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadar Meringer
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra E Livanos
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minami Tokuyama
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Cossarini
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Regis Josien
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pablo Canales-Herrerias
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maia Kayal
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Marion
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Huaibin M. Ko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Darwin D’souza
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Merand
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Allen Nguyen
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. McBride
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerome C. Martin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Guijarro C, Martín-Guerrero JD, Pellicer-Valero OJ, Plaza-Manzano G. Trajectory of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: The Long COVID Experience Multicenter Study. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051134. [PMID: 37243220 DOI: 10.3390/v15051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This multicenter cohort study used Sankey plots and exponential bar plots to visualize the fluctuating evolution and the trajectory of gastrointestinal symptoms in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors during the first 18 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 1266 previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors were assessed at four points: hospital admission (T0), at 8.4 months (T1), at 13.2 months (T2), and at 18.3 months (T3) after hospitalization. Participants were asked about their overall gastrointestinal symptoms and particularly diarrhea. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records. The prevalence of overall gastrointestinal post-COVID symptomatology was 6.3% (n = 80) at T1, 3.99% (n = 50) at T2 and 2.39% (n = 32) at T3. The prevalence of diarrhea decreased from 10.69% (n = 135) at hospital admission (T0), to 2.55% (n = 32) at T1, to 1.04% (n = 14) at T2, and to 0.64% (n = 8) at T3. The Sankey plots revealed that just 20 (1.59%) and 4 (0.32%) patients exhibited overall gastrointestinal post-COVID symptoms or diarrhea, respectively, throughout the whole follow-up period. The recovery fitted exponential curves revealed a decreasing prevalence trend, showing that diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms recover during the first two or three years after COVID-19 in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. The regression models did not reveal any symptoms to be associated with the presence of gastrointestinal post-COVID symptomatology or post-COVID diarrhea at hospital admission or at T1. The use of Sankey plots revealed the fluctuating evolution of gastrointestinal post-COVID symptoms during the first two years after infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed the decreased prevalence of gastrointestinal post-COVID symptomatology during the first three years after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - José D Martín-Guerrero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pellicer-Valero
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, Parc Científic, Paterna, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, Turner JR. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3. [PMID: 37186118 PMCID: PMC10127193 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier. Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective paracellular pathways: the pore pathway and the leak pathway. These can be distinguished by their selectivities and differential regulation by immune cells. However, permeability increases measured in most studies are secondary to epithelial damage, which allows non-selective flux via the unrestricted pathway. Restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing. By contrast, tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases. Recent studies have used preclinical disease models to demonstrate the potential of pore pathway or leak pathway barrier restoration in disease. In this Review, we focus on the two paracellular flux pathways that are dependent on the tight junction. We discuss the latest evidence that highlights tight junction components, structures and regulatory mechanisms, their impact on gut health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xenia Haest
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Zhang T, Wang N, Zhu L, Chen L, Liu H. Bidirectional Relationship between Glycemic Control and COVID-19 and Perspectives of Islet Organoid Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030856. [PMID: 36979836 PMCID: PMC10045433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to morbidity and mortality, with several clinical manifestations, and has caused a widespread pandemic. It has been found that type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. Moreover, accumulating evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase the risk of hyperglycemia and diabetes, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear because of a lack of authentic disease models to recapitulate the abnormalities involved in the development, regeneration, and function of human pancreatic islets under SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stem-cell-derived islet organoids have been valued as a model to study islets’ development and function, and thus provide a promising model for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the onset of diabetes under SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarized the latest results from clinical and basic research on SARS-CoV-2-induced pancreatic islet damage and impaired glycemic control. Furthermore, we discuss the potential and perspectives of using human ES/iPS cell-derived islet organoids to unravel the bidirectional relationship between glycemic control and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongran Zhang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Nannan Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Lihua Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Huisheng Liu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510006, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.L.)
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17
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Oudit GY, Wang K, Viveiros A, Kellner MJ, Penninger JM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-at the heart of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cell 2023; 186:906-922. [PMID: 36787743 PMCID: PMC9892333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ACE2 is the indispensable entry receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become one of the most therapeutically targeted human molecules in biomedicine. ACE2 serves two fundamental physiological roles: as an enzyme, it alters peptide cascade balance; as a chaperone, it controls intestinal amino acid uptake. ACE2's tissue distribution, affected by co-morbidities and sex, explains the broad tropism of coronaviruses and the clinical manifestations of SARS and COVID-19. ACE2-based therapeutics provide a universal strategy to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infections, applicable to all SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging zoonotic coronaviruses exploiting ACE2 as their cellular receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Kaiming Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Max J Kellner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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18
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Meringer H, Wang A, Mehandru S. The Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Injury in Acute and Long Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:1-11. [PMID: 36813418 PMCID: PMC9721275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is targeted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The present review examines GI involvement in patients with long coronavirus disease and discusses the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that include viral persistence, mucosal and systemic immune dysregulation, microbial dysbiosis, insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities. Due to the complex and potentially multifactorial nature of this syndrome, rigorous clinical definitions and pathophysiology-based therapeutic approaches are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Meringer
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Icahn Building 11-02, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Icahn Building 11-02, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Icahn Building 11-02, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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19
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Peters LA, Friedman JR, Stojmirovic A, Hagen J, Houten S, Dodatko T, Amaro MP, Restrepo P, Chai Z, Rodrigo Mora J, Raymond HA, Curran M, Dobrin R, Das A, Xiong H, Schadt EE, Argmann C, Losic B. A temporal classifier predicts histopathology state and parses acute-chronic phasing in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Commun Biol 2023; 6:95. [PMID: 36694043 PMCID: PMC9873918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have conducted time course characterization of murine colitis models through transcriptional profiling of differential expression. We characterize the transcriptional landscape of acute and chronic models of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and adoptive transfer (AT) colitis to derive temporal gene expression and splicing signatures in blood and colonic tissue in order to capture dynamics of colitis remission and relapse. We identify sub networks of patient-derived causal networks that are enriched in these temporal signatures to distinguish acute and chronic disease components within the broader molecular landscape of IBD. The interaction between the DSS phenotype and chronological time-point naturally defines parsimonious temporal gene expression and splicing signatures associated with acute and chronic phases disease (as opposed to ordinary time-specific differential expression/splicing). We show these expression and splicing signatures are largely orthogonal, i.e. affect different genetic bodies, and that using machine learning, signatures are predictive of histopathological measures from both blood and intestinal data in murine colitis models as well as an independent cohort of IBD patients. Through access to longitudinal multi-scale profiling from disease tissue in IBD patient cohorts, we can apply this machine learning pipeline to generation of direct patient temporal multimodal regulatory signatures for prediction of histopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Peters
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Joshua R. Friedman
- grid.476706.40000 0004 7647 0615Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Aleksandar Stojmirovic
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jacob Hagen
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Sander Houten
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Mariana P. Amaro
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Paula Restrepo
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhi Chai
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - J. Rodrigo Mora
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Holly A. Raymond
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mark Curran
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Radu Dobrin
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA ,Pathos AI, Berwyn, PA USA
| | - Anuk Das
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.511203.4Present Address: Guardant Health, Redwood City, CA USA
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20
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Zheng L, Zhang L, Zheng Y, An J, Wen G, Jin H, Tuo B. Digestive system infection by SARS‑CoV‑2: Entry mechanism, clinical symptoms and expression of major receptors (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 51:19. [PMID: 36660939 PMCID: PMC9911086 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS‑coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) also harms the digestive system. Given the appearance of numerous cases of SARS‑CoV‑2, it has been demonstrated that SARS‑CoV‑2 is able to harm target organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas, and either worsen the condition of patients with basic digestive illnesses or make their prognosis poor. According to several previously published studies, angiotensin‑converting enzyme II (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease II (TMPRSS2) are expressed either singly or in combination in the digestive system and in other regions of the human body. In order to change the viral conformation, create a fusion hole and release viral RNA into the host cell for replication and transcription, SARS‑CoV‑2 is capable of binding to these two proteins through the spike protein on its surface. As a result, the body experiences an immune reaction and an inflammatory reaction, which may lead to nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and even gastrointestinal bleeding, elevated levels of liver enzymes, acute liver injury, pancreatitis and other serious lesions. In order to provide possible strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases during the COVID‑19 pandemic, the molecular structure of SARS‑CoV‑2 and the mechanism via which SARS‑CoV‑2 enters the human body through ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were discussed in the present review, and the clinical manifestations of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection in the digestive system were also summarized. Finally, the expression characteristics of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the main target organs of the digestive system were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Biguang Tuo, Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China, E-mail:
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21
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The lncRNA LUCAT1 is elevated in inflammatory disease and restrains inflammation by regulating the splicing and stability of NR4A2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213715120. [PMID: 36577072 PMCID: PMC9910463 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213715120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 has previously been identified as a negative feedback regulator of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine expression in human myeloid cells. Here, we define the mechanistic basis for the suppression of inflammatory gene expression by LUCAT1. Using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry as well as RNA immunoprecipitation, we identified proteins important in processing and alternative splicing of mRNAs as LUCAT1-binding proteins. These included heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, M, and A2B1. Consistent with this finding, cells lacking LUCAT1 have altered splicing of selected immune genes. In particular, upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the splicing of the nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) gene was particularly affected. As a consequence, expression of NR4A2 was reduced and delayed in cells lacking LUCAT1. NR4A2-deficient cells had elevated expression of immune genes. These observations suggest that LUCAT1 is induced to control the splicing and stability of NR4A2, which is in part responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of LUCAT1. Furthermore, we analyzed a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as well as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In these patients, LUCAT1 levels were elevated and in both diseases, positively correlated with disease severity. Collectively, these studies define a key molecular mechanism of LUCAT1-dependent immune regulation through post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs highlighting its role in the regulation of inflammatory disease.
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22
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Nowroozi A, Momtazmanesh S, Rezaei N. COVID-19 and MAFLD/NAFLD: An updated review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1126491. [PMID: 37035343 PMCID: PMC10080090 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1126491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and places a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. As we further shed light on different disease characteristics, we identify more and more groups of people at higher risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) (previously non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by fat accumulation and liver fibrosis. Given its close correlation with metabolic syndrome, an established risk factor for severe COVID-19, it is necessary to investigate its interplay with the novel coronavirus. In this study, we review the available data on COVID-19 prognosis, treatment and prevention options in patients with MAFLD, and the effect that the disease and the pandemic have on MAFLD care. Furthermore, we point out the gaps in the current literature to accentuate the work that needs to be done to improve MAFLD care during the pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nowroozi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Sara Momtazmanesh,
| | - Nima Rezaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Furfaro F, Gabbiadini R, D'Amico F, Zilli A, Dal Buono A, Allocca M, Fiorino G, Danese S. Gastrointestinal System: COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms Associated with Coagulopathy. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1611-1619. [PMID: 36154571 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220922095913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that expanded worldwide, generating a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome called "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19), which resulted in a global health crisis. The spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations ranges from none or mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure associated with systemic manifestations, mostly gastrointestinal symptoms. Hypercoagulability is an important feature of COVID-19 disease, which can potentially influence patients' prognosis. Therefore, gastroenterologists should focus on subjects with concomitant hypercoagulable gastrointestinal disorders as they may display a higher risk of thrombotic complications during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the interplay of the prothrombotic pathogenetic mechanisms of both COVID-19 and hypercoagulable digestive diseases and the possible clinical implications. We summarized the potential interplay of prothrombotic mechanisms of both COVID-19 and hypercoagulable digestive diseases in the graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Furfaro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando D'Amico
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zilli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Dal Buono
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Allocca
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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24
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Martínez JA, Alonso-Bernáldez M, Martínez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Ramírez de Molina A, Dávalos A, Ramos-Lopez O. Machine learning insights concerning inflammatory and liver-related risk comorbidities in non-communicable and viral diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6230-6248. [PMID: 36504554 PMCID: PMC9730439 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i44.6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key organ involved in a wide range of functions, whose damage can lead to chronic liver disease (CLD). CLD accounts for more than two million deaths worldwide, becoming a social and economic burden for most countries. Among the different factors that can cause CLD, alcohol abuse, viruses, drug treatments, and unhealthy dietary patterns top the list. These conditions prompt and perpetuate an inflammatory environment and oxidative stress imbalance that favor the development of hepatic fibrogenesis. High stages of fibrosis can eventually lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the advances achieved in this field, new approaches are needed for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CLD. In this context, the scientific com-munity is using machine learning (ML) algorithms to integrate and process vast amounts of data with unprecedented performance. ML techniques allow the integration of anthropometric, genetic, clinical, biochemical, dietary, lifestyle and omics data, giving new insights to tackle CLD and bringing personalized medicine a step closer. This review summarizes the investigations where ML techniques have been applied to study new approaches that could be used in inflammatory-related, hepatitis viruses-induced, and coronavirus disease 2019-induced liver damage and enlighten the factors involved in CLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Bernáldez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid 28222, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food Institute, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
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25
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Intussusception and COVID-19 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111745. [PMID: 36421194 PMCID: PMC9688831 DOI: 10.3390/children9111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intussusception (ISN) post-COVID-19 infection in children is rare but can occur. SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of ISN and trigger immune activation and mesenteric adenitis, which predispose peristaltic activity to “telescope” a proximal bowel segment into the distal bowel lumen. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ISN children and analyze the demographic parameters, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in ISN pediatric patients with COVID-19 illness. Methods: We performed this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Studies reporting on the incidence of ISN post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, published from 1 December 2019 until 1 October 2022, in PROQUEST, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, CINAHL, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, SCOPUS and NATURE, with a restriction to articles available in the English language, were included. Results: Of the 169 papers that were identified, 34 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (28 case report, 5 cohort and 1 case-series studies). Studies involving 64 ISN patients with confirmed COVID-19 (all patients were children) were analyzed. The overall pooled proportions of the ISN patients who had PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.06% (95% CI 0.03 to 0.09, n = 1790, four studies, I2 0%, p = 0.64), while 0.07% (95% CI 0.03 to 0.12, n = 1552, three studies, I2 0%, p = 0.47) had success to ISN pneumatic, hydrostatic and surgical reduction treatment and 0.04% (95% CI 0.00 to 0.09, n = 923, two studies, I2 0%, p = 0.97) had failure to ISN pneumatic, hydrostatic and surgical reduction treatment. The median patient age ranged from 1 to 132 months across studies, and most of the patients were in the 1−12 month age group (n = 32, 50%), p = 0.001. The majority of the patients were male (n = 41, 64.1%, p = 0.000) and belonged to White (Caucasian) (n = 25, 39.1%), Hispanic (n = 13, 20.3%) and Asian (n = 5, 7.8%) ethnicity, p = 0.000. The reported ISN classifications by location were mostly ileocolic (n = 35, 54.7%), and few children experienced ileo-ileal ISN (n = 4, 6.2%), p = 0.001. The most common symptoms from ISN were vomiting (n = 36, 56.2%), abdominal pain (n = 29, 45.3%), red currant jelly stools (n = 25, 39.1%) and blood in stool (n = 15, 23.4%). Half of the patients never had any medical comorbidities (n = 32, 50%), p = 0.036. The approaches and treatments commonly used to manage ISN included surgical reduction of the ISN (n = 17, 26.6%), pneumatic reduction of the ISN (n = 13, 20.2%), antibiotics (n = 12, 18.7%), hydrostatic reduction of the ISN (n = 11, 17.2%), laparotomy (n = 10, 15.6%), intravenous fluids (n = 8, 12.5%) and surgical resection (n = 5, 7.8%), p = 0.051. ISN was recurrent in two cases only (n = 2, 3.1%). The patients experienced failure to pneumatic (n = 7, 10.9%), hydrostatic (n = 6, 9.4%) and surgical (n = 1, 1.5%) ISN treatment, p = 0.002. The odds ratios of death were significantly higher in patients with a female gender (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.31−0.79, p = 0.045), Asian ethnicity (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28−0.48, p < 0.001), failure to pneumatic or surgical ISN reduction treatment (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05−0.21, p = 0.036), admission to ICU (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.83−1.18, p = 0.03), intubation and placement of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51−1.41, p = 0.01) or suffering from ARDS (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.93−1.88, p = 0.01) compared to those who survived. Conclusion: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at low risk to develop ISN. A female gender, Asian ethnicity, failure to ISN reduction treatment (pneumatic or surgical), admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation and suffering from ARDS were significantly associated with death following ISN in pediatric COVID-19 patients.
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Kaplan GG, Underwood FE, Coward S, Agrawal M, Ungaro RC, Brenner EJ, Gearry RB, Kissous-Hunt M, Lewis JD, Ng SC, Rahier JF, Reinisch W, Steinwurz F, Zhang X, Kappelman MD, Colombel JF. The Multiple Waves of COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Temporal Trend Analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1687-1695. [PMID: 35032167 PMCID: PMC8807298 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have emerged in discrete waves. We explored temporal trends in the reporting of COVID-19 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. METHODS The Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is an international registry of IBD patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The average percent changes (APCs) were calculated in weekly reported cases of COVID-19 during the periods of March 22 to September 12, September 13 to December 12, 2020, and December 13 to July 31, 2021. RESULTS Across 73 countries, 6404 cases of COVID-19 were reported in IBD patients. COVID-19 reporting decreased globally by 4.2% per week (95% CI, -5.3% to -3.0%) from March 22 to September 12, 2020, then climbed by 10.2% per week (95% CI, 8.1%-12.3%) from September 13 to December 12, 2020, and then declined by 6.3% per week (95% CI, -7.8% to -4.7%). In the fall of 2020, weekly reporting climbed in North America (APC, 11.3%; 95% CI, 8.8-13.8) and Europe (APC, 17.7%; 95% CI, 12.1%-23.5%), whereas reporting was stable in Asia (APC, -8.1%; 95% CI, -15.6-0.1). From December 13, 2020, to July 31, 2021, reporting of COVID-19 in those with IBD declined in North America (APC, -8.5%; 95% CI, -10.2 to -6.7) and Europe (APC, -5.4%; 95% CI, -7.2 to -3.6) and was stable in Latin America (APC, -1.5%; 95% CI, -3.5% to 0.6%). CONCLUSIONS Temporal trends in reporting of COVID-19 in those with IBD are consistent with the epidemiological patterns COVID-19 globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilaad G Kaplan
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fox E Underwood
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie Coward
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erica J Brenner
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard B, Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michele Kissous-Hunt
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- New York Gastroenterology Associates, New York, New York, USA
| | - James D Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jean-Francois Rahier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Department Internal Medicine III, Division Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavio Steinwurz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Lo SW, Segal JP, Lubel JS, Garg M. What do we know about the renin angiotensin system and inflammatory bowel disease? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:897-909. [PMID: 36484415 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2157261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important homeostatic pathway, with emerging evidence for the impact of its components on inflammation and fibrosis in gastrointestinal tissues. This review aims to review current knowledge of the physiological mechanism of RAS in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and potential therapeutic implications. AREAS COVERED An extensive online literature review including Pubmed, Medline, and Google Scholar was undertaken. Discussion on the components of the RAS, localization, and physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract, preclinical, and clinical data in IBD, and the relation with SARS-Cov-2 are covered in this review. EXPERT OPINION RAS inhibition may have a role as anti-fibrotic adjunct therapy. Targeting the local gastrointestinal RAS with novel modes of delivery may be a target for future therapeutics for IBD, given the widespread availability and safety of current options as utilized in other diseases. Further insight into the mechanism and downstream effects of gastrointestinal ACE2 may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wei Lo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Hospital, 3076 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Segal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Hospital, 3076 Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Hospital, 3076 Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University
| | - Mayur Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Hospital, 3076 Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Veisman I, Lederer NB, Ukashi O, Kopylov U, Klang E. Top 25 cited articles on Covid-19 and IBD: A bibliometric analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101959. [PMID: 35609820 PMCID: PMC9123818 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of citation analysis to identify the most cited Covid-19 and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) manuscripts to provide an insight into the advances and knowledge accumulated regarding the pandemic in this subgroup of patients. METHODS We've used a public application programming interface (API) U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to access the PubMed database. Data lock was performed on April 19, 2022. The API was used to retrieve all available IBD AND Covid-19 -related entries. For each retrieved entry, we've also obtained its citation count. RESULTS The top 25 manuscripts were published between 2020 and 2021. The total citation count is 2051. The citation count of articles ranged from 41 to 313. The top 25 manuscripts were published in eight journals, while 16 were published in Gastroenterology and Gut. 36% of the most cited manuscripts reported clinical characteristics and patient outcomes, and 32% dealt with patient management. The most impactful manuscripts provided evidence that IBD patients are not at increased risk for severe morbidity or mortality from Covid-19 and that it is not advisable to discontinue the anti-inflammatory treatment for IBD during the pandemic. Two basic science studies demonstrated mechanistic insights for these observations. Studies that examined the immunogenic response of IBD patients treated with biologics were also part of the top-cited list. CONCLUSIONS Impactful scientific publications on Covid-19 in IBD patients provided reassurance and directed treatment at the time of this newly recognized severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Veisman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel,Corresponding author
| | - Noam Brakin Lederer
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel,Department of Internal medicine A, Sheba medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Offir Ukashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel,Department of Internal medicine A, Sheba medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Uri Kopylov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eyal Klang
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel,Sami Sagol AI Hub, ARC, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
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29
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Ahmadi Badi S, Malek A, Paolini A, Rouhollahi Masoumi M, Seyedi SA, Amanzadeh A, Masotti A, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes mediating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by gut microbiota members and their postbiotics on Caco-2 cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105798. [PMID: 36174833 PMCID: PMC9511898 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a complex infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can cause also gastrointestinal symptoms. There are various factors that determine the host susceptibility and severity of infection, including the renin-angiotensin system, the immune response, and the gut microbiota. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the gene expression of ACE, AGTR1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2, which mediate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides fragilis on Caco-2 cells. Also, the enrichment analysis considering the studied genes was analyzed on raw data from the microarray analysis of COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caco-2 cells were treated with live, heat-inactivated form and cell free supernatants of A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis for overnight. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of studied genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. DNA methylation of studied genes was analyzed by Partek® Genomics Suite® software on the GSE174818 dataset. We used GSE164805 and GSE166552 datasets from COVID-19 patients to perform enrichment analysis by considering the mentioned genes via GEO2R, DAVID. Finally, the related microRNAs to GO terms concerned on the studied genes were identified by miRPath. RESULTS The downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes by A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis in live, heat-inactivated, and cell-free supernatants was reported for the first time. These genes had hypomethylated DNA status in COVID-19 patients' raw data. The highest fold enrichment in upregulated RAS pathways and immune responses belonged to ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 by considering the protein-protein interaction network. The common miRNAs targeting the studied genes were reported as miR-124-3p and miR-26b-5p. In combination with our experimental data and bioinformatic analysis, we showed the potential of A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis and postbiotics to reduce ACE, ATR1, and ACE2 expression, which are essential genes that drive upregulated biological processes in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Accordingly, due to the potential of studied bacteria on the alteration of ACE, AGTR1, ACE2 genes expression, understanding their correlation with demonstrated miRNAs expression could be valuable. These findings suggest the importance of considering targeted gut microbiota intervention when designing the possible therapeutic strategy for controlling the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Malek
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mahya Rouhollahi Masoumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amirhesam Seyedi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Argmann C, Hou R, Ungaro RC, Irizar H, Al-Taie Z, Huang R, Kosoy R, Venkat S, Song WM, Di'Narzo AF, Losic B, Hao K, Peters L, Comella PH, Wei G, Atreja A, Mahajan M, Iuga A, Desai PT, Branigan P, Stojmirovic A, Perrigoue J, Brodmerkel C, Curran M, Friedman JR, Hart A, Lamousé-Smith E, Wehkamp J, Mehandru S, Schadt EE, Sands BE, Dubinsky MC, Colombel JF, Kasarskis A, Suárez-Fariñas M. Biopsy and blood-based molecular biomarker of inflammation in IBD. Gut 2022:gutjnl-2021-326451. [PMID: 36109152 PMCID: PMC10014487 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IBD therapies and treatments are evolving to deeper levels of remission. Molecular measures of disease may augment current endpoints including the potential for less invasive assessments. DESIGN Transcriptome analysis on 712 endoscopically defined inflamed (Inf) and 1778 non-inflamed (Non-Inf) intestinal biopsies (n=498 Crohn's disease, n=421 UC and 243 controls) in the Mount Sinai Crohn's and Colitis Registry were used to identify genes differentially expressed between Inf and Non-Inf biopsies and to generate a molecular inflammation score (bMIS) via gene set variance analysis. A circulating MIS (cirMIS) score, reflecting intestinal molecular inflammation, was generated using blood transcriptome data. bMIS/cirMIS was validated as indicators of intestinal inflammation in four independent IBD cohorts. RESULTS bMIS/cirMIS was strongly associated with clinical, endoscopic and histological disease activity indices. Patients with the same histologic score of inflammation had variable bMIS scores, indicating that bMIS describes a deeper range of inflammation. In available clinical trial data sets, both scores were responsive to IBD treatment. Despite similar baseline endoscopic and histologic activity, UC patients with lower baseline bMIS levels were more likely treatment responders compared with those with higher levels. Finally, among patients with UC in endoscopic and histologic remission, those with lower bMIS levels were less likely to have a disease flare over time. CONCLUSION Transcriptionally based scores provide an alternative objective and deeper quantification of intestinal inflammation, which could augment current clinical assessments used for disease monitoring and have potential for predicting therapeutic response and patients at higher risk of disease flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zainab Al-Taie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roman Kosoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio F Di'Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Phillip H Comella
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabrielle Wei
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashish Atreja
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Milind Mahajan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alina Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Curran
- Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Amy Hart
- Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jan Wehkamp
- Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bruce E Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA .,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Clerbaux LA, Fillipovska J, Muñoz A, Petrillo M, Coecke S, Amorim MJ, Grenga L. Mechanisms Leading to Gut Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Current Evidence and Uncertainties Based on Adverse Outcome Pathways. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5400. [PMID: 36143044 PMCID: PMC9505288 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in gut microbiota has been associated with COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we outlined three potential interconnected mechanistic pathways leading to gut dysbiosis as an adverse outcome following SARS-CoV-2 presence in the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence from the literature and current uncertainties are reported for each step of the different pathways. One pathway investigates evidence that intestinal infection by SARS-CoV-2 inducing intestinal inflammation alters the gut microbiota. Another pathway links the binding of viral S protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to the dysregulation of this receptor, essential in intestinal homeostasis-notably for amino acid metabolism-leading to gut dysbiosis. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 could induce gut dysbiosis by infecting intestinal bacteria. Assessing current evidence within the Adverse Outcome Pathway framework justifies confidence in the proposed mechanisms to support disease management and permits the identification of inconsistencies and knowledge gaps to orient further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Maria-Joao Amorim
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oerias, Portugal
- Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Saclay, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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32
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Waggershauser CH, Tillack-Schreiber C, Weyh P, Alt E, Siegmund T, Berchthold-Benchieb C, Szokodi D, Schnitzler F, Ochsenkühn T. Impact of Immunotherapies on SARS-CoV-2-Infections and Other Respiratory Tract Infections during the COVID-19 Winter Season in IBD Patients. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:3469789. [PMID: 36060521 PMCID: PMC9433291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3469789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 represents one of the most significant medical problems of our time. Aims This study is focused on the question whether patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who receive immunotherapies are more vulnerable to respiratory tract infections and SARS-CoV-2 infections in comparison to medical staff, as a cohort with an increased infection risk, and to the general population in a COVID-19 hotspot. Methods We analysed data regarding respiratory tract infections that were collected in our IBD registry and compared them with corresponding data from medical employees in our associated Isarklinikum hospital and from the healthy general population in Munich, Germany, over the same time frame in April and June 2020. Patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (Ig). Results Symptoms of respiratory tract infections occurred equally frequent in IBD patients with immunotherapies as compared to those without. Older age (>49 years), TNF-inhibitor, and ustekinumab treatment showed a significantly protective role in preventing respiratory tract symptomatic COVID-19 infections that occurred in 0.45% of all our 1.091 IBD patients. Of those, 1.8% were positive for SARS-CoV-2 Ig, identically to the general population of Munich with also 1.8% positivity. Whilst more than 3% of all COVID-19 subjects of the general population died during the first wave, none of our IBD patients died or needed referral to the ICU or oxygen treatment. Conclusions In our study, IBD patients are as susceptible to respiratory tract infections or SARS-CoV-2 as the normal population. There is no evidence of an association between IBD therapies and increased risk of COVID-19. Interestingly, a reduced rate of COVID-19 deaths in IBD patients, the majority on immunomodulator therapy, was observed, compared to the general population. Therefore, no evidence was found to suggest that IBD medication should be withheld, and adherence should be encouraged to prevent flares. In addition to older age (>49 years), TNF inhibitors and ustekinumab show a protective role in preventing respiratory tract infections. In addition, these results add to the growing evidence that supports further investigation of TNF inhibitors as a possible treatment in the early course of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Weyh
- Synesis Research, Sonnenstraße 29, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Eckard Alt
- Isarklinikum, Sonnenstraße 24-26, 81244 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Szokodi
- IBD Center Munich, Sonnenstraße 29, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Schnitzler
- Synesis Research, Sonnenstraße 29, 80331 Munich, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ochsenkühn
- IBD Center Munich, Sonnenstraße 29, 80331 Munich, Germany
- Isarklinikum, Sonnenstraße 24-26, 81244 Munich, Germany
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Beck-Friis T, Kärmander A, Nyström K, Wang H, Gisslén M, Andersson LM, Norder H. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike RNA sequences in feces and nasopharynx indicates intestinal replication. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:35. [PMID: 35987708 PMCID: PMC9392503 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known of possible selection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the intestines and if viral load in feces is associated with severity of disease. Therefore, sequence variations of the spike region in strains collected from feces and nasopharynx (NPH) from the same patients were compared. It was also investigated whether viral load in feces related to severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Results SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in 88 (79%) fecal samples from 112 patients. The complete spike region could be sequenced in 15 fecal and 14 NPH samples. Fourteen Alpha-variants and one Beta-variant of SARS-CoV-2 were identified. The majority of the viral genetic variants (viral populations) in two fecal samples, but none in NPH, had a reversion of the H69/V70 amino acid deletion normally seen in the Alpha variants. Nine fecal samples contained up to nine minority variants, each which may constitute a separate viral population. Five NPH samples had one genetic variant each, and one NPH sample contained nine minority populations of SARS-CoV-2 spike genes. Conclusions The higher genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in feces compared to NPH, and the reversion of the H69/V70 deletion in Alpha variants from feces indicate a selection of viral strains and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-022-00509-w.
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived small extracellular vesicles for COVID-19 treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:410. [PMID: 35962458 PMCID: PMC9372991 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed huge burdens to the whole world, seriously affecting global economic growth, and threatening people’s lives and health. At present, some therapeutic regimens are available for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, including antiviral therapy, immunity therapy, anticoagulant therapy, and others. Among them, injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is currently a promising therapy. The preclinical studies and clinical trials using MSCs and small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) in treating COVID-19 were summarized. Then, the molecular mechanism, feasibility, and safety of treating COVID-19 with MSCs and MSC-sEVs were also discussed.
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35
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Zhang M, Yang BY, Sun Y, Qian Z, Xaverius PK, Aaron HE, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Liu R, Dong GH, Yin C, Yue W. Non-linear Relationship of Maternal Age With Risk of Spontaneous Abortion: A Case-Control Study in the China Birth Cohort. Front Public Health 2022; 10:933654. [PMID: 35910867 PMCID: PMC9330030 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.933654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneous abortion is one of the prevalent adverse reproductive outcomes, which seriously threatens maternal health around the world. Objective The current study is aimed to evaluate the association between maternal age and risk for spontaneous abortion among pregnant women in China. Methods This was a case-control study based on the China Birth Cohort, we compared 338 cases ending in spontaneous abortion with 1,352 controls resulting in normal live births. The main exposure indicator and outcome indicator were maternal age and spontaneous abortion, respectively. We used both a generalized additive model and a two-piece-wise linear model to determine the association. We further performed stratified analyses to test the robustness of the association between maternal age and spontaneous abortion in different subgroups. Results We observed a J-shaped relationship between maternal age and spontaneous abortion risk, after adjusting for multiple covariates. Further, we found that the optimal threshold age was 29.68 years old. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of spontaneous abortion per 1 year increase in maternal age were 0.97 (0.90–1.06) on the left side of the turning point and 1.25 (1.28–1.31) on the right side. Additionally, none of the covariates studied modified the association between maternal age and spontaneous abortion (P > 0.05). Conclusions Advanced maternal age (>30 years old) was significantly associated with increased prevalence of spontaneous abortion, supporting a J-shaped association between maternal age and spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Sun
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pamela K. Xaverius
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hannah E. Aaron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixia Liu
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guang-Hui Dong
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chenghong Yin
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Wentao Yue
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Lin S, Lau LH, Chanchlani N, Kennedy NA, Ng SC. Recent advances in clinical practice: management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gut 2022; 71:1426-1439. [PMID: 35477864 PMCID: PMC9185820 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised considerable concerns that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly those treated with immunosuppressive therapies, may have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition, develop worse outcomes following COVID-19, and have suboptimal vaccine response compared with the general population. In this review, we summarise data on the risk of COVID-19 and associated outcomes, and latest guidance on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with IBD. Emerging evidence suggests that commonly used medications for IBD, such as corticosteroids but not biologicals, were associated with adverse outcomes to COVID-19. There has been no increased risk of de novo, or delayed, IBD diagnoses, however, an overall decrease in endoscopy procedures has led to a rise in the number of missed endoscopic-detected cancers during the pandemic. The impact of IBD medication on vaccine response has been a research priority recently. Data suggest that patients with IBD treated with antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) medications had attenuated humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and more rapid antibody decay, compared with non-anti-TNF-treated patients. Reassuringly, rates of breakthrough infections and hospitalisations in all patients who received vaccines, irrespective of IBD treatment, remained low. International guidelines recommend that all patients with IBD treated with immunosuppressive therapies should receive, at any point during their treatment cycle, three primary doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with a further booster dose as soon as possible. Future research should focus on our understanding of the rate of antibody decay in biological-treated patients, which patients require additional doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the long-term risks of COVID-19 on IBD disease course and activity, and the potential risk of long COVID-19 in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louis Hs Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Neil Chanchlani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Esposito S, Caminiti C, Giordano R, Argentiero A, Ramundo G, Principi N. Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933774. [PMID: 35812420 PMCID: PMC9260046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease, are a group of chronic, immune mediated conditions that are presumed to occur in genetically susceptible individuals because of a dysregulated intestinal immune response to environmental factors. IBD patients can be considered subjects with an aberrant immune response that makes them at increased risk of infections, particularly those due to opportunistic pathogens. In many cases this risk is significantly increased by the therapy they receive. Aim of this narrative review is to describe the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with IBD. Available data indicate that patients with IBD do not have an increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and that, if infected, in the majority of the cases they must not modify the therapy in place because this does not negatively affect the COVID-19 course. Only corticosteroids should be reduced or suspended due to the risk of causing severe forms. Furthermore, COVID-19 seems to modify the course of IBD mainly due to the impact on intestinal disease of the psychological factors deriving from the measures implemented to deal with the pandemic. The data relating to the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 or by COVID-19 vaccines can be considered much less definitive. It seems certain that the immune response to disease and vaccines is not substantially different from that seen in healthy subjects, with the exception of patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alone or in combination with other immunosuppressants who showed a reduced immune response. How much, however, this problem reduces induced protection is not known. Moreover, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on IBD course and immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines has not been studied and deserves attention. Further studies capable of facing and solving unanswered questions are needed in order to adequately protect IBD patients from the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Caminiti
- Research and Innovation Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Greta Ramundo
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Jedrzejak AP, Urbaniak EK, Wasko JA, Ziojla N, Borowiak M. Diabetes and SARS-CoV-2-Is There a Mutual Connection? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913305. [PMID: 35769263 PMCID: PMC9234398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a newly emerged virus described for the first time in late 2019, affects multiple organs in humans, including the pancreas. Here, we present the bilateral link between the pathophysiology of diabetes and COVID-19, with diabetes being COVID-19 comorbidity, and a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of clinical data indicates that patients with chronic conditions like diabetes are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death compared to the healthy subjects. Further, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection might be also associated with the development of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. We then discuss the options for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection in pancreatic settings, including the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic organoids. Further, we review the presence of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in different pancreatic cell types and the infection efficiency based on pancreatic sections from COVID-19 patients and primary human islet in vitro studies. Finally, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human pancreatic cell homeostasis, focusing on β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Jedrzejak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta K. Urbaniak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga A. Wasko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Ziojla
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Ricciuto A, Lamb CA, Benchimol EI, Walker GJ, Kennedy NA, Kuenzig ME, Kaplan GG, Kappelman MD, Ungaro RC, Colombel JF, Brenner EJ, Agrawal M, Reinisch W, Griffiths AM, Sebastian S. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Activity is Associated with COVID-19 Severity Especially in Younger Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:591-600. [PMID: 34570886 PMCID: PMC8522422 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Age is a major prognostic factor for COVID-19 outcomes. The effect of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] activity on COVID-19 is unclear. We examined the relationship between IBD activity and COVID-19 severity according to age. METHODS We included IBD patients diagnosed with COVID-19, reported to SECURE-IBD between March 13, 2020 and August 3, 2021. Clinical IBD activity was measured by physician global assessment [PGA]. COVID-19-related outcomes were [1] intensive care unit [ICU] admission, ventilation or death, and [2] hospitalization. Using generalized estimating equations, we determined adjusted odds ratios [aOR, 95% confidence interval] for moderate and severe PGA vs clinical remission/mild PGA, controlling for demographics, medications and COVID-19 diagnosis period. We performed stratified analyses by age [≤50 vs >50 years]. RESULTS Among 6078 patients, adverse COVID-19 outcomes were more common with active IBD: ICU/ventilation/death in 3.6% [175/4898] of remission/mild, 4.9% [45/920] of moderate and 8.8% [23/260] of severe [p < 0.001]; and hospitalization in 13% [649/4898] of remission/mild, 19% [178/920] of moderate and 38% [100/260] of severe [p < 0.001]. Stratified by decade, effect sizes were larger for younger patients. In patients ≤50 years, severe PGA was independently associated with ICU/ventilation/death (aOR 3.27 [1.15-9.30]) and hospitalization (aOR 4.62 [2.83-7.55]). In contrast, severe PGA was not independently associated with COVID-19 outcomes in those older than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS Clinically active IBD may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19, particularly in younger patients. IBD disease control, including through medication compliance, and strategies to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 infection amongst patients with active IBD [e.g. distancing, immunization] are key to limit adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ricciuto
- SickKids IBD Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher A Lamb
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eric I Benchimol
- SickKids IBD Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gareth J Walker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Exeter IBD Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M Ellen Kuenzig
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Ryan C Ungaro
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Erica J Brenner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids IBD Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Brogna C, Brogna B, Bisaccia DR, Giuliano M, Montano L, Cristoni S, Petrillo M, Piscopo M. SARS-CoV-2: Reinfection after 18 Months of a Previous Case with Multiple Negative Nasopharyngeal Swab Tests and Positive Fecal Molecular Test. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050642. [PMID: 35630059 PMCID: PMC9148128 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This short communication describes the reinfection after nearly 18 months of the same patient who was previously infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and who showed multiple negative real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results by nasal swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) but positive results on a fecal sample. We previously noted how, in the presence of symptoms suggestive of pneumonia, visible on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan and confirmed by fecal molecular testing, it was possible to draw the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. One year later, the same patient was again affected by SARS-CoV-2. This time, the first antigenic nasal swab showed readily positive results. However, the patient’s clinical course appeared to be more attenuated, showing no signs of pulmonary involvement in the radiographic examinations performed. This case shows a novelty in the pulmonary radiological evaluation of new SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Brogna
- Department of Research, Craniomed Group Facility SRL, 83038 Montemiletto, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Brogna
- Department of Radiology, Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Marino Giuliano
- Marsanconsulting Srl Public Health Company, Via dei Fiorentini, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of LifeStyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL), 84124 Salerno, Italy;
| | | | | | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Hu S, Buser E, Arredondo J, Relyea D, Santos Rocha C, Dandekar S. Altered Expression of ACE2 and Co-receptors of SARS-CoV-2 in the Gut Mucosa of the SIV Model of HIV/AIDS. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879152. [PMID: 35495669 PMCID: PMC9048205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, is initiated by its binding to the ACE2 receptor and other co-receptors on mucosal epithelial cells. Variable outcomes of the infection and disease severity can be influenced by pre-existing risk factors. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of AIDS, targets the gut mucosal immune system and impairs epithelial barriers and mucosal immunity. We sought to determine the impact and mechanisms of pre-existing HIV infection increasing mucosal vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease. We investigated changes in the expression of ACE2 and other SARS-CoV-2 receptors and related pathways in virally inflamed gut by using the SIV infected rhesus macaque model of HIV/AIDS. Immunohistochemical analysis showed sustained/enhanced ACE2 expression in the gut epithelium of SIV infected animals compared to uninfected controls. Gut mucosal transcriptomic analysis demonstrated enhanced expression of host factors that support SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and infection. Metabolomic analysis of gut luminal contents revealed the impact of SIV infection as demonstrated by impaired mitochondrial function and decreased immune response, which render the host more vulnerable to other pathogens. In summary, SIV infection resulted in sustained or increased ACE2 expression in an inflamed and immune-impaired gut mucosal microenvironment. Collectively, these mucosal changes increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity and result in ineffective viral clearance. Our study highlights the use of the SIV model of AIDS to fill the knowledge gap of the enteric mechanisms of co-infections as risk factors for poor disease outcomes, generation of new viral variants and immune escape in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elise Buser
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juan Arredondo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dylan Relyea
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Clarissa Santos Rocha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Wang B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Dai T, Qin Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:143. [PMID: 35487886 PMCID: PMC9052735 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently ongoing. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A high proportion of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Moreover, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the primary habitats of human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection as they express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) at high levels. There is accumulating evidence that the microbiota are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Microbiota are powerful immunomodulatory factors in various human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and certain viral infections. In the present review, we explore the associations between host microbiota and COVID-19 in terms of their clinical relevance. Microbiota-derived metabolites or components are the main mediators of microbiota-host interactions that influence host immunity. Hence, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites or components modulate the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we review and discuss a variety of possible microbiota-based prophylaxes and therapies for COVID-19 and PACS, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria. This treatment strategy could modulate host microbiota and mitigate virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ziran Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Melo-González F, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Schultz BM, Suazo ID, Boone DL, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877533. [PMID: 35572549 PMCID: PMC9095905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lead to local changes in the microbiota, metabolites, and the cytokine environment. Although some pathogens can disseminate and cause systemic disease, increasing evidence suggests that local infections can affect tissues not directly invaded. In particular, diseases occurring at distal mucosal barriers such as the lung and the intestine seem to be linked, as shown by epidemiological studies in humans. These mucosal barriers have bidirectional interactions based mainly on multiple signals derived from the microbiota, which has been termed as the gut-lung axis. However, the effects observed in such distal places are still incompletely understood. Most of the current research focuses on the systemic impact of changes in microbiota and bacterial metabolites during infection, which could further modulate immune responses at distal tissue sites. Here, we describe how the gut microbiota and associated metabolites play key roles in maintaining local homeostasis and preventing enteric infection by direct and indirect mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss recent murine and human studies linking infectious diseases with changes occurring at distal mucosal barriers, with particular emphasis on bacterial and viral infections affecting the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Further, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens may cause such effects, promoting either protection or susceptibility to secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara M. Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora D. Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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GLP-1 Mediates Regulation of Colonic ACE2 Expression by the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 in Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071187. [PMID: 35406751 PMCID: PMC8998127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: ACE2, a carboxypeptidase that generates Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, is highly expressed in the lung, small intestine and colon. GPBAR1, is a G protein bile acid receptor that promotes the release of the insulinotropic factor glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and attenuates intestinal inflammation. Methods: We investigated the expression of ACE2, GLP-1 and GPBAR1 in two cohorts of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and three mouse models of colitis and Gpbar1−/− mice. Activation of GPBAR1 in these models and in vitro was achieved by BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist. Results: In IBD patients, ACE2 mRNA expression was regulated in a site-specific manner in response to inflammation. While expression of ileal ACE2 mRNA was reduced, the colon expression was induced. Colon expression of ACE2 mRNA in IBD correlated with expression of TNF-α and GPBAR1. A positive correlation occurred between GCG and GPBAR1 in human samples and animal models of colitis. In these models, ACE2 mRNA expression was further upregulated by GPABR1 agonism and reversed by exendin-3, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In in vitro studies, liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, increased the expression of ACE2 in colon epithelial cells/macrophages co-cultures. Conclusions: ACE2 mRNA expression in the colon of IBD patients and rodent models of colitis is regulated in a TNF-α- and GLP-1-dependent manner. We have identified a GPBAR1/GLP-1 mechanism as a positive modulator of ACE2.
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Hormati A, Arezoumand A, Dokhanchi H, Pezeshgi Modarres M, Ahmadpour S. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:155-166. [PMID: 36619145 PMCID: PMC9489314 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a global pandemic. Since its start, widespread safety measures have been adopted by nations worldwide. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a common inflammatory illness with a high worldwide incidence. Its clinical symptoms include stomach discomfort, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss. Genetics, microbes, cigarette smoking, appendectomy, lack of personal hygiene, using anti-inflammatory agents, vitamin D deficiency, and stress are the main risk factors for IBD. COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the exacerbation of COVID clinical manifestations in patients with IBD and increasing the risk of mortality. During COVID-19 pandemic, intestinal inflammation, and promoting adherence need to be controlled using medications and vaccinations as a primary goal. In this review, we reviewed unique concerns about IBD risk in the population as well as management of the disease, and the effectiveness of vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hormati
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Colorectal Research Center, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Arezoumand
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hadi Dokhanchi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pezeshgi Modarres
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadpour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,Corresponding Author: Sajjad Ahmadpour, PhD Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Tel:+ 98 2538105062 Fax:+ 98 2538105062
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McAllister MJ, Kirkwood K, Chuah SC, Thompson EJ, Cartwright JA, Russell CD, Dorward DA, Lucas CD, Ho GT. Intestinal Protein Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Fatal COVID-19 Infection. Inflammation 2022; 45:567-572. [PMID: 34697723 PMCID: PMC8545358 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 contributes to morbidity and mortality mainly as a result of immune-pathology in the lungs. Recent data has shown multi-system involvement with widespread viral tropism. Here we present a detailed intestinal protein characterisation of SARS-Cov-2 entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ([IBD]; ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]) with age- and sex-matched non-IBD controls, and in those with fatal COVID-19 infection. In our dataset, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 displayed a membrane enterocyte staining in the ileum (due to presence of brush border/microvilli) in contrast to a cytoplasmic pattern in the colon. We also showed a high ACE2/low TMPRSS2 expression pattern in the ileum with a reverse trend in the colon. In UC, colonic ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are cytoplasmic in nature, with significantly higher ACE2 staining intensity compared to non-IBD controls. In inflamed and unaffected IBD mucosa, ileal and colonic enterocyte ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions are not modified in the histologic presence of inflammation. We observed immune cells within the lamina propria that expressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2, at higher frequencies in IBD when compared to non-IBD controls. These were identified as plasma cells with multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4) expression. We further analysed the gut histology of six fatal COVID-19 cases, with no difference in colonic and ileal ACE2/TMRPSS2 staining (compared to non-IBD controls) and identified ACE2 + lamina propria plasma cells. Of interest, in this COVID-19 cohort, there was no histologic evidence gut inflammation despite known evidence of viral tropism within the enterocytes. Our data provides evidence for tissue expression of entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 including a close apposition to plasma cells - both pointing towards a role of the gut in the antecedent immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly J McAllister
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kathryn Kirkwood
- Gastroenterology and Pathology Department, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shaun C Chuah
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Clark D Russell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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47
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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Martín-Guerrero JD, Navarro-Pardo E, Torres-Macho J, Guijarro C, Pellicer-Valero OJ. Exploring the recovery curve for gastrointestinal symptoms from the acute COVID-19 phase to long-term post-COVID: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2925-2927. [PMID: 35315087 PMCID: PMC9088575 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José D Martín-Guerrero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València (UV), València, Spain
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pellicer-Valero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain
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Farsi Y, Tahvildari A, Arbabi M, Vazife F, Sechi LA, Shahidi Bonjar AH, Jamshidi P, Nasiri MJ, Mirsaeidi M. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Roles of Gut Microbiota in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:804644. [PMID: 35310853 PMCID: PMC8930898 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important role of gut microbiota in maturation, regulation, and induction of the immune system and subsequent inflammatory processes, it seems that evaluating the composition of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals may have potential value as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for the disease. Also, therapeutic interventions affecting gut microbial flora may open new horizons in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and accelerating their recovery. Methods A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies published from December 2019 to December 2021 using Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Articles containing the following keywords in titles or abstracts were selected: "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Disease 19" and "gastrointestinal microbes" or "dysbiosis" or "gut microbiota" or "gut bacteria" or "gut microbes" or "gastrointestinal microbiota". Results Out of 1,668 studies, 22 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 1,255 confirmed COVID-19 patients were examined. All included studies showed a significant association between COVID-19 and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The most alteration in bacterial composition of COVID-19 patients was depletion in genera Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Fusicathenibacter, and Blautia and enrichment of Eggerthella, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Rothia, and Collinsella. Also, some gut microbiome alterations were associated with COVID-19 severity and poor prognosis including the increment of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Campylobacter, Rothia, Corynebacterium, Megasphaera, Enterococcus, and Aspergillus spp. and the decrement of Roseburia, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Conclusion Our study showed a significant change of gut microbiome composition in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals. This great extent of impact has proposed the gut microbiota as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. There is much evidence about this issue, and it is expected to be increased in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Farsi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Tahvildari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahta Arbabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Vazife
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Struttura Complessa (SC), Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar
- Clinician Scientist of Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Jamshidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Jang KK, Kaczmarek ME, Dallari S, Chen YH, Tada T, Axelrad J, Landau NR, Stapleford KA, Cadwell K. Variable susceptibility of intestinal organoid-derived monolayers to SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001592. [PMID: 35358182 PMCID: PMC9004766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal effects associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly variable for reasons that are not understood. In this study, we used intestinal organoid-derived cultures differentiated from primary human specimens as a model to examine interindividual variability. Infection of intestinal organoids derived from different donors with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in orders of magnitude differences in virus replication in small intestinal and colonic organoid-derived monolayers. Susceptibility to infection correlated with angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression level and was independent of donor demographic or clinical features. ACE2 transcript levels in cell culture matched the amount of ACE2 in primary tissue, indicating that this feature of the intestinal epithelium is retained in the organoids. Longitudinal transcriptomics of organoid-derived monolayers identified a delayed yet robust interferon signature, the magnitude of which corresponded to the degree of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, virus with the Omicron variant spike (S) protein infected the organoids with the highest infectivity, suggesting increased tropism of the virus for intestinal tissue. These results suggest that heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 replication in intestinal tissues results from differences in ACE2 levels, which may underlie variable patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ku Jang
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Kaczmarek
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Simone Dallari
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ying-Han Chen
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jordan Axelrad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel R. Landau
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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50
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Meng Y, Sun J, Zhang G, Yu T, Piao H. A Pan-Cancer In Silico Analysis of the COVID-19 Internalization Protease: Transmembrane Proteaseserine-2. Front Genet 2022; 13:805880. [PMID: 35281819 PMCID: PMC8913938 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.805880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe respiratory infections in humans. It is worth noting that many of the affected COVID-19 patients have malignant tumors. In addition, cancer has been identified as a personal risk factor for COVID-19. Transmembrane proteaseserine-2 (TMPRSS2) is a crucial host protease that mediates S protein activation and initially promotes virus entry into host cells. Moreover, it is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. However, the systematic analysis of TMPRSS2 aberrations in human cancer remains to be elucidated. Here, we analyzed the genetic changes, RNA expression, and DNA methylation of TMPRSS2 in more than 30 tumors. It has been reported that TMPRSS2 is overexpressed in tumors such as prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), and in contrast, the expression of TMPRSS2 is decreased in tumors such as head and neck cancer (HNSC). In addition, TMPRSS2 low DNA methylation was also found in most of these TMPRSS2 high-expressing tumors in this study. Clinical studies have found that there is a significant correlation between the expression of TMPRSS2 and the prognosis of some tumor patients. The expression of TMPRSS2 is also related to the infiltration of cancer-related fibroblasts, and the potential pathways and functional mechanisms were analyzed through KEGG/GO enrichment. In the end, our study planned the genetic and epigenetic variation of TMPRSS2 in human malignant tumors for the first time and provided a relatively comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenic effects of TMPRSS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Yu, ; Haozhe Piao,
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Yu, ; Haozhe Piao,
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