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Jelinski DC, Orsel K, Weese JS, Conly JM, Julien DA. Antibacterial treatment for exotic species, backyard ruminants and small flocks: a narrative review highlighting barriers to effective and appropriate antimicrobial treatment. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:220. [PMID: 35689258 PMCID: PMC9188134 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex One Health issue that exists in both human and veterinary medicine. To mitigate this ever-growing problem, efforts have been made to develop guidelines for appropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) across sectors. In veterinary medicine, there are notable literature gaps for proper AMU in minor species. We conducted a structured narrative review covering the years of July 2006 - July 2021 to find antimicrobial treatments for common bacterial infections in exotic (birds, rodents, reptiles, and others), small flock (chickens, turkeys, and other fowl), and backyard small ruminant (sheep and goats) species. We retrieved a total of 4728 articles, of which 21 articles met the criteria for our review. Studies were grouped according to species, syndrome, and body system affected. Other data extracted included the bacterial pathogen(s), treatment (active ingredient), and geographical origin. Body systems reported included: intra-oral (n = 4), gastrointestinal (n = 1), respiratory (n = 2), reproductive (n = 1), skin (n = 3), aural (n = 1), ocular (n = 4), and other/multisystem (n = 5). By species, our search resulted in: rabbit (n = 5), rat (n = 2), guinea pig (n = 1), chinchilla (n = 1), guinea pig and chinchilla (n = 1), avian species (n = 1), psittacine birds (n = 2), loris and lorikeets (n = 1), turtles (n = 2), lizards (n = 1), goats (n = 2) and sheep (n = 2). The results of our findings identified a distinct gap in consistent antimicrobial treatment information for commonly encountered bacterial conditions within these species. There is a persisting need for clinical trials that focus on antibacterial treatment to strengthen the evidence base for AMU within exotic, small flock, and backyard small ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Jelinski
- AMR – One Health Consortium, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- AMR – One Health Consortium, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - John M. Conly
- AMR – One Health Consortium, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Health Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- W21C Research and Innovation Centre, O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Danielle A. Julien
- AMR – One Health Consortium, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
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Kigata T, Shibata H. Arterial supply to the rabbit male genital organs. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:254-260. [PMID: 31969543 PMCID: PMC7118475 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of veterinary care has prolonged the lifespan of rabbits, and the number
of rabbits suffering from age-related, male genital disorders may increase in the near
future. This could result in increased opportunities for male genital surgery, requiring
knowledge of their arterial anatomy, which, however, has not been sufficiently studied.
Therefore, the arteries supplying the genitals were observed in 20 male New Zealand White
rabbits. The testis was supplied by the testicular artery originating from the abdominal
aorta. The right testicular artery usually emerged at a more cranial level than the left
artery (65%). The testicular artery encircled the testis in the sagittal plane and
bifurcated (95%) or trifurcated (5%) at the caudal extremity of the testis before entering
the parenchyma. The epididymis was supplied by the epididymal branches, either from only
the testicular artery (75% of the right and 80% of the left halves) or from both the
testicular artery and aorta. The deferent duct was supplied in all halves by the dorsal
and ventral branches of the deferential artery, which usually arose from the umbilical
artery. The accessory genital glands were supplied by the dorsal branch of the deferential
artery and the prostatic artery. The latter, which emerged from the internal iliac artery,
exhibited 3 branching types. The most frequent type (55% of the right and 45% of the left
halves) had 3 branches supplying the accessory genital glands. These findings will help
improve rabbit genital surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhito Kigata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty and Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-5766, Japan
| | - Hideshi Shibata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty and Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-5766, Japan
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