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Papalexis N, Savarese LG, Peta G, Errani C, Tuzzato G, Spinnato P, Ponti F, Miceli M, Facchini G. The New Ice Age of Musculoskeletal Intervention: Role of Percutaneous Cryoablation in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6744-6770. [PMID: 37504355 PMCID: PMC10377811 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of interventional oncology, minimally invasive methods, including CT-guided cryoablation, play an increasingly important role in tumor treatment, notably in bone and soft tissue cancers. Cryoablation works using compressed gas-filled probes to freeze tumor cells to temperatures below -20 °C, exploiting the Joule-Thompson effect. This cooling causes cell destruction by forming intracellular ice crystals and disrupting blood flow through endothelial cell damage, leading to local ischemia and devascularization. Coupling this with CT technology enables precise tumor targeting, preserving healthy surrounding tissues and decreasing postoperative complications. This review reports the most important literature on CT-guided cryoablation's application in musculoskeletal oncology, including sarcoma, bone metastases, and bone and soft tissue benign primary tumors, reporting on the success rate, recurrence rate, complications, and technical aspects to maximize success for cryoablation in the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Papalexis
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonor Garbin Savarese
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-09, Brazil
| | - Giuliano Peta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costantino Errani
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Tuzzato
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Spinnato
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Miceli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Facchini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Hawkins CM, Gill AE. Introduction to interventional radiology's role in palliative care for children with cancer: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 4:e30238. [PMID: 36715273 PMCID: PMC10658401 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As palliative care continues to be an area of increasing emphasis in pediatric oncology programs, it is important to raise awareness about minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that can supplement more conventional palliative interventions, such as systemic analgesics, external beam radiation, and locoregional anesthesia. These procedures, when performed for appropriately selected patients, can often facilitate discharge from an inpatient facility, and help patients meet their end-of-life goals. This article specifically discusses three palliative procedures performed by interventional radiologists that can assist pediatric palliative care teams in: (a) percutaneous thermal ablation of painful bone metastases, (b) cryoneurolysis, and (c) tunneled drainage catheter placement for malignant pleural effusions and ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Matthew Hawkins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory + Children’s Pediatric Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne E. Gill
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory + Children’s Pediatric Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite D112, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ablative Techniques for Sarcoma Metastatic Disease: Current Role and Clinical Applications. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030485. [PMID: 36984486 PMCID: PMC10054887 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogenous mesenchymal neoplasms with more than 80 different histologic subtypes. Lung followed by liver and bone are the most common sites of sarcoma metastatic disease. Ablative techniques have been recently added as an additional alternative curative or palliative therapeutic tool in sarcoma metastatic disease. When compared to surgery, ablative techniques are less invasive therapies which can be performed even in non-surgical candidates and are related to decreased recovery time as well as preservation of the treated organ’s long-term function. Literature data upon ablative techniques for sarcoma metastatic disease are quite heterogeneous and variable regarding the size and the number of the treated lesions and the different histologic subtypes of the original soft tissue or bone sarcoma. The present study focuses upon the current role of minimal invasive thermal ablative techniques for the management of metastatic sarcoma disease. The purpose of this review is to present the current minimally invasive ablative techniques in the treatment of metastatic soft tissue and bone sarcoma, including local control and survival rates.
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Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures for Metastatic Bone Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4155-4177. [PMID: 35735441 PMCID: PMC9221897 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the main type of malignancy involving bone, which is the third most frequent site of metastatic carcinoma, after lung and liver. Skeletal-related events such as intractable pain, spinal cord compression, and pathologic fractures pose a serious burden on patients’ quality of life. For this reason, mini-invasive treatments for the management of bone metastases were developed with the goal of pain relief and functional status improvement. These techniques include embolization, thermal ablation, electrochemotherapy, cementoplasty, and MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. In order to achieve durable pain palliation and disease control, mini-invasive procedures are combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or analgesics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published literature regarding interventional radiology procedures in the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastases, focusing on the efficacy, complications, local disease control and recurrence rate.
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Sgalambro F, Zugaro L, Bruno F, Palumbo P, Salducca N, Zoccali C, Barile A, Masciocchi C, Arrigoni F. Interventional Radiology in the Management of Metastases and Bone Tumors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3265. [PMID: 35743336 PMCID: PMC9225477 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional Radiology (IR) has experienced an exponential growth in recent years. Technological advances of the last decades have made it possible to use new treatments on a larger scale, with good results in terms of safety and effectiveness. In musculoskeletal field, painful bone metastases are the most common target of IR palliative treatments; however, in selected cases of bone metastases, IR may play a curative role, also in combination with other techniques (surgery, radiation and oncology therapies, etc.). Primary malignant bone tumors are extremely rare compared with secondary bone lesions: osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma are the most common; however, the role of interventional radiology in this fiels is marginal. In this review, the main techniques used in interventional radiology were examined, and advantages and limitations illustrated. Techniques of ablation (Radiofrequency, Microwaves, Cryoablation as also magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound), embolization, and Cementoplasty will be described. The techniques of ablation work by destruction of pathological tissue by thermal energy (by an increase of temperature up to 90 °C with the exception of the Cryoablation that works by freezing the tissue up to -40 °C). Embolization creates an ischemic necrosis by the occlusion of the arterial vessels that feed the tumor. Finally, cementoplasty has the aim of strengthening bone segment weakened by the growth of pathological tissue through the injection of cement. The results of the treatments performed so far were also assessed and presented focused the attention on the management of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferruccio Sgalambro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (A.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Luigi Zugaro
- San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Federico Bruno
- San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Pierpaolo Palumbo
- San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Nicola Salducca
- Oncological Orthopaedics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (N.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Oncological Orthopaedics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (N.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Antonio Barile
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (A.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Masciocchi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (A.B.); (C.M.)
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Yevich S, Chen S, Metwalli Z, Kuban J, Lee S, Habibollahi P, McCarthy CJ, Irwin D, Huang S, Sheth RA. Radiofrequency Ablation of Spine Metastases: A Clinical and Technical Approach. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021; 25:795-804. [PMID: 34937119 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an integral component of the multidisciplinary treatment algorithm for both local tumor control and palliation of painful spine metastases. This minimally invasive therapy complements additional treatment strategies, such as pain medications, systemic chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiotherapy. The location and size of the metastatic lesion dictate preprocedure planning and the technical approach. For example, ablation of lesions along the spinal canal, within the posterior vertebral elements, or with paraspinal soft tissue extension are associated with a higher risk of injury to adjacent spinal nerves. Additional interventions may be indicated in conjunction with RFA. For example, ablation of vertebral body lesions can precipitate new, or exacerbate existing, pathologic vertebral compression fractures that can be prevented with vertebral augmentation. This article reviews the indications, clinical work-up, and technical approach for RFA of spine metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Yevich
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Chen
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zeyad Metwalli
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua Kuban
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Lee
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peiman Habibollahi
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Colin J McCarthy
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Irwin
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven Huang
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Percutaneous Cryoablation of Large Tumors: Safety, Feasibility, and Technical Considerations. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 45:69-79. [PMID: 34859309 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-03025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large tumors may prove unsuitable for surgical cure or other local therapies due to their size, involvement of critical structures, prior non-ablative treatment failure, or coexisting disease burden. This study was performed to assess the safety and feasibility of percutaneous cryoablation for treatment of large tumors exceeding 6 cm in size, and to highlight the key technical considerations inherent to such cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-institution retrospective study identified 77 patients (42 male, 35 female; median age 55 years) who underwent 96 cryoablation procedures for treatment of 78 tumors (mean diameter 9.8 ± 3.6 cm) from 2008 through 2020. Technical success, procedure-related complications, mortality, oncologic outcomes, and procedural logistics were evaluated. Technical success was defined as ice ball extension at least 5 mm beyond the tumor margins. RESULTS Intentional subtotal ablations were performed in 32% of cases due to tumor encroachment on vulnerable structures or as part of staged/combined therapies. Of the 68% of cases that were planned for complete ablation, the technical success rate was 100%. Major complications occurred after 19/96 (20%) procedures, with hemorrhage and acute kidney injury each occurring in 6/96 (6%). Post-procedural myositis occurred in 24/96 (25%) cases and was not considered a major complication in the absence of acute kidney injury. Local recurrence occurred in 2/23 (8.7%) of patients undergoing ablation for cure or local control at a median follow-up duration of 13 months. CONCLUSION Percutaneous cryoablation may be used to treat large (> 6 cm) tumors with a high degree of technical success and an acceptable safety profile.
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Sundet A, McConnell J, Walker K, Lindeque B. Intraoperative Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Bone. Orthopedics 2021; 44:e645-e652. [PMID: 34590940 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20210817-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osseous metastases in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are a heterogeneous mix of cells with hypervascular and rapidly destructive properties that frequently exhibit resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy. Despite this, some patients with isolated and oligometastatic disease have the potential to be cured. Regardless, aggressive metastatic control is critical to minimizing morbidity and mortality for all patients with metastatic RCC. Percutaneous cryoprobes were developed as a minimally invasive technique for both pain relief and tumor control. However, there is little evidence describing an alternative use of this technology in the operating room to assist with open tumor resections, and no formal role for its use in orthopedics exists. Therefore, the authors added this modality to their intraoperative treatment of osseous RCC to investigate whether it would influence their ability to obtain local metastatic control. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of prospectively obtained data to evaluate the role of intraoperative cryotherapy in the treatment of osseous RCC. From 2004 to 2017, cryotherapy was used in 43 procedures, alleviating the need for additional radiation 84% (36 of 43) of the time. Local tumor control was achieved in 100% (43 of 43) of cases. There were 2 wound-related complications and 1 pathologic fracture. Despite the study's limitations, the authors believe that cryotherapy contributed to the reliability and reproducibility of their intralesional resections. Given the palliative, and potentially curative, opportunities afforded by complete locoregional tumor control, the authors support further investigation into the use of intraoperative cryotherapy to treat osseous metastases secondary to RCC. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(5):e645-e652.].
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Ablation Techniques in Cancer Pain. Cancer Treat Res 2021; 182:157-174. [PMID: 34542882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81526-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Painful bone metastases are a frequently encountered problem in oncology practice. The skeletal system is the third most common site of metastatic disease and up to 85% of patients with breast, prostate, and lung cancer may develop bone metastases during the course of their disease.
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The Pain Crisis: Interventional Radiology's Role in Pain Management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:676-690. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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McPhee S, Groetsch A, Shephard JD, Wolfram U. Heat impact during laser ablation extraction of mineralised tissue micropillars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11007. [PMID: 34040009 PMCID: PMC8155055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying constraint of ultrashort pulsed laser ablation in both the clinical and micromachining setting is the uncertainty regarding the impact on the composition of material surrounding the ablated region. A heat model representing the laser-tissue interaction was implemented into a finite element suite to assess the cumulative temperature response of bone during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation. As an example, we focus on the extraction of mineralised collagen fibre micropillars. Laser induced heating can cause denaturation of the collagen, resulting in ultrastructural loss which could affect mechanical testing results. Laser parameters were taken from a used micropillar extraction protocol. The laser scanning pattern consisted of 4085 pulses, with a final radial pass being 22 [Formula: see text] away from the micropillar. The micropillar temperature was elevated to 70.58 [Formula: see text], remaining 79.42 [Formula: see text] lower than that of which we interpret as an onset for denaturation. We verified the results by means of Raman microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis and found the laser-material interaction had no effect on the collagen molecules or mineral nanocrystals that constitute the micropillars. We, thus, show that ultrashort pulsed laser ablation is a safe and viable tool to fabricate bone specimens for mechanical testing at the micro- and nanoscale and we provide a computational model to efficiently assess this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel McPhee
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Groetsch
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Shephard
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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Double Slot Antenna for Microwave Thermal Ablation to Treat Bone Tumors: Modeling and Experimental Evaluation. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to statistics of the American Cancer Society, the number of young people diagnosed with bone tumors is growing. Surgery and radiotherapy are the common treatments, however they have several side effects which affect the patient’s life. Therefore, a cheaper and less side-effect therapy called thermal ablation has been explored. The goal of this paper is to measure the therapeutic temperatures and the viability of a double slot antenna designed to treat bone tissue by microwave ablation. The antenna (at an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz) was designed, modeled, constructed, and experimentally evaluated. The finite element method was used to predict the antenna performance by means of 2D axisymmetric models. The modeling parameters were used to build the antenna. The experimental evaluation shows that the antenna behavior is repeatable and the standing wave ratio (SWR) was around 1.5–1.8. Temperatures around 60–100 °C were achieved over the bone tissue. The antenna insertion modifies the antenna performance. An insertion lower than 3.5 cm is not recommended because the convection effects modified the tissue temperature. The thermal patterns showed a heat focus near to the slots, which makes it possible for use in the treatment of small tumors.
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Dalili D, Isaac A, Bazzocchi A, Åström G, Bergh J, Lalam R, Weber MA, Fritz J, Mansour R. Interventional Techniques for Bone and Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Tumors: Current Practices and Future Directions - Part I. Ablation. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:692-709. [PMID: 33307585 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) image-guided oncologic intervention is an established field within radiology. Numerous studies have described its clinical benefits, safety, cost effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and improved quality of life, thereby establishing image-guided oncologic intervention as a preferred pathway in treating patients presenting with specific benign MSK tumors. But there is a paradigm shift on the horizon because these techniques may also support established pillars (surgery, systemic treatment, radiotherapy) in the treatment of malignant MSK tumors. Unlike benign tumors, where they are used as primary therapy lines with curative intent, such interventions can be selected for malignant tumors as adjuvant treatment in painful or unstable bone or soft tissue lesions or as more palliative therapy strategies. Using examples from our clinical practices, we elaborate on the benefits of applying a multidisciplinary approach (traditionally involving MSK radiologists, oncologists, orthopaedic surgeons, microbiologists, pathologists, physiotherapists, and pain management experts), ideally within a sarcoma treatment center to deliver a patient-specific therapy plan and illustrate methods to assess the benefits of this model of care.In this article, we review the current repertoire of ablation techniques, demonstrate why such procedures offer value-based alternatives to conventional treatments of specific tumors, and reflect on future directions. Additionally, we review the advantages and limitations of each technique and offer guidance to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danoob Dalili
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Isaac
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gunnar Åström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (Oncology) and department of Surgical Sciences (Radiology), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radhesh Lalam
- Department of Radiology, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Paediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Fritz
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Ramy Mansour
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kalamaras AB, Wavreille V, Jones SC, Litsky AS, Selmic L. Impact of microwave ablation treatment on the biomechanical properties of the distal radius in the dog: A cadaveric study. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1388-1395. [PMID: 32706150 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether microwave ablation (MWA) modifies the biomechanical properties of the normal distal radius in the dog to better estimate the clinical impact of MWA as a tool for the treatment of neoplastic bone lesions. STUDY DESIGN Biomechanical experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION Sixteen pairs of dog forelimbs from 16 canine cadavers. METHODS From each pair of forelimbs, one radius was randomly assigned to an MWA group, and the other radius was randomly assigned to a control group. Bone tunnels were created in each distal radial epiphysis for a length of 6 cm toward the middiaphysis. In the MWA group, the ablation probe was inserted into the bone tunnel for a series of three ablation treatments. Specimens were then tested in three-point bending to acute failure with the middle point located 3 cm from the distal articular surface (middle of the ablated zone). Load and displacement were continuously recorded to determine maximum displacement and peak load before failure. Data were analyzed with noninferiority tests. RESULTS The mean peak loads for the control group and MWA group were 1641.9 N and 1590.9 N, respectively. Microwave ablation-treated radii were not biomechanically inferior to control radii (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Microwave ablation of normal cadaveric dog distal radii did not affect the maximum displacement and peak load before failure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Microwave ablation does not affect biomechanical bending properties of the distal radius in the dog. Future studies, both cadaveric and in vivo, are required to evaluate the impact of MWA on neoplastic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Kalamaras
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephen C Jones
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alan S Litsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Ablation of soft tissue tumours by long needle variable electrode-geometry electrochemotherapy: final report from a single-arm, single-centre phase-2 study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2291. [PMID: 32042142 PMCID: PMC7010705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard electrochemotherapy (ECT) is effective in many tumour types but is confined to the treatment of small superficial lesions. Variable electrode-geometry ECT (VEG-ECT) may overcome these limitations by using long freely-placeable electrodes. Patients with bulky or deep-seated soft-tissue malignancies not amenable to resection participated in a single-arm phase-2 study (ISRCTN.11667954) and received a single course of VEG-ECT with intravenous bleomycin (15,000 IU/m2) and concomitant electric pulses applied through an adjustable electrode array. The primary outcome was radiologic complete response rate (CRR) per RECIST; secondary endpoints included feasibility, metabolic response, toxicity (CTCAE), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and patient perception (EQ-5D). During 2009–2014, we enrolled 30 patients with trunk/limb sarcomas, melanoma, Merkel-cell carcinoma, and colorectal/lung cancer. Median tumour size was 4.7 cm. Electrode probes were placed under US/TC guidance (28 and 2 patients, respectively). Median procedure duration was 80 minutes. Tumour coverage rate was 97% (29 of 30 patients). Perioperative side-effects were negligible; one patient experienced grade-3 ulceration and infection. One-month 18F-FDG-SUV decreased by 86%; CRR was 63% (95% CI 44–79%). Local control was durable in 24 of 30 patients (two-year LPFS, 62%). Patients reported an improvement in “usual activities”, “anxiety/depression”, and “overall health” scores. VEG-ECT demonstrated encouraging antitumour activity in soft-tissue malignancies; a single course of treatment produced high and durable responses, with low complications.
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Filippiadis DK, Cornelis FH, Kelekis A. Interventional oncologic procedures for pain palliation. Presse Med 2019; 48:e251-e256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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[Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastasis in Lung Cancer (2019 Version)]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2019; 22:187-207. [PMID: 31014437 PMCID: PMC6500496 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures. J Am Coll Radiol 2019; 15:S347-S364. [PMID: 30392604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) have various causes, including osteoporosis, neoplasms, and acute trauma. As painful VCFs may contribute to general physical deconditioning, management of painful VCFs has the potential for improving quality of life and preventing superimposed medical complications. Various imaging modalities can be used to evaluate a VCF to help determine the etiology and guide intervention. The first-line treatment of painful VCFs has been nonoperative or conservative management as most VCFs show gradual improvement in pain over 2 to 12 weeks, with variable return of function. There is evidence that vertebral augmentation (VA) is associated with better pain relief and improved functional outcomes compared to conservative therapy for osteoporotic VCFs. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the management of painful pathologic VCFs, with management strategies including medications to affect bone turnover, radiation therapy, and interventions such as VA and percutaneous thermal ablation to alleviate symptoms. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Abstract
Image-guided, minimally invasive, percutaneous thermal ablation of bone metastases has unique advantages compared with surgery or radiation therapy. Thermal ablation of osseous metastases may result in significant pain palliation, prevention of skeletal-related events, and durable local tumor control. This article will describe current thermal ablation techniques utilized to treat bone metastases, summarize contemporary evidence supporting such thermal ablation treatments, and outline an approach to percutaneous ablative treatment.
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Cazzato RL, Arrigoni F, Boatta E, Bruno F, Chiang JB, Garnon J, Zugaro L, Giordano AV, Carducci S, Varrassi M, Beomonte Zobel B, Bazzocchi A, Aliprandi A, Basile A, Marcia S, Masala S, Grasso RF, Squarza S, Floridi C, Ierardi AM, Burdi N, Cioni R, Napoli A, Niola R, Rossi G, Rossi UG, Venturini M, De Cobelli F, Carotti M, Gravina GL, Di Staso M, Zoccali C, Biagini R, Tonini G, Santini D, Carrafiello G, Cariati M, Silvestri E, Sconfienza LM, Giovagnoni A, Masciocchi C, Gangi A, Barile A. Percutaneous management of bone metastases: state of the art, interventional strategies and joint position statement of the Italian College of MSK Radiology (ICoMSKR) and the Italian College of Interventional Radiology (ICIR). Radiol Med 2018; 124:34-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-018-0938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kelekis A, Cornelis FH, Tutton S, Filippiadis D. Metastatic Osseous Pain Control: Bone Ablation and Cementoplasty. Semin Intervent Radiol 2017; 34:328-336. [PMID: 29249856 PMCID: PMC5730439 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptive and/or neuropathic pain can be present in all phases of cancer (early and metastatic) and are not adequately treated in 56 to 82.3% of patients. In these patients, radiotherapy achieves overall pain responses (complete and partial responses combined) up to 60 and 61%. On the other hand, nowadays, ablation is included in clinical guidelines for bone metastases and the technique is governed by level I evidence. Depending on the location of the lesion in the peripheral skeleton, either the Mirels scoring or the Harrington (alternatively the Levy) grading system can be used for prophylactic fixation recommendation. As minimally invasive treatment options may be considered in patients with poor clinical status or limited life expectancy, the aim of this review is to detail the techniques proposed so far in the literature and to report the results in terms of safety and efficacy of ablation and cementoplasty (with or without fixation) for bone metastases. Percutaneous image-guided treatments appear as an interesting alternative for localized metastatic lesions of the peripheral skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Kelekis
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON,” Athens, Greece
| | - Francois H. Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sean Tutton
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Dimitrios Filippiadis
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital “ATTIKON,” Athens, Greece
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Gardner CS, Ensor JE, Ahrar K, Huang SY, Sabir SH, Tannir NM, Lewis VO, Tam AL. Cryoablation of Bone Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma for Local Tumor Control. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:1916-1926. [PMID: 29135665 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma often are not surgical candidates and have a poor prognosis. There are limited data on the use of cryoablation as a locoregional therapy for bone metastases. Our objective was to assess the local tumor-control rate following cryoablation of bone metastases in the setting of renal cell carcinoma. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who underwent cryoablation for bone metastases between 2007 and 2014. We excluded patients if the intent of treatment was for pain palliation only, if cryoablation was performed without an attempt for complete tumor control (cytoreduction), or if the patient had no further follow-up beyond the cryoablation procedure. We recorded patient demographics, procedural variables, and complications. Cross-sectional imaging and clinical follow-up were reviewed to determine disease recurrence. The median overall survival and recurrence-free survival were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Forty patients (30 male and 10 female) with 50 bone metastases were included for analysis. The mean patient age was 62 years (range, 47 to 82 years). The median follow-up was 35 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.7 to 74.4 months). Twenty-five (62.5%) of the 40 patients had oligometastatic disease, defined as ≤5 metastases at the time of ablation. The mean tumor size was 3.4 ± 1.5 cm. Metastases in the pelvic region represented 68% of the treated tumors (34 of 50). The overall local tumor-control rate per lesion was 82% (41 of 50). Patients with oligometastatic disease experienced better local tumor control (96% [24 of 25]) compared with patients who had >5 metastases (53.3% [8 of 15]) (p = 0.001). The local tumor-control rate was better for lesions for which a larger mean difference between maximum ice-ball diameter and maximum lesion diameter was achieved (2.2 ± 0.9 cm for those without recurrence versus 1.35 ± 1.2 cm for those with recurrence; p = 0.005). There were 3 grade-3 complications and 1 grade-4 complication. CONCLUSIONS Cryoablation can be effective for achieving local oncologic control in bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma and may represent a valuable alternative to surgical metastasectomy in select patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Gardner
- 1Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 2Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 3Departments of Interventional Radiology (K.A., S.Y.H., S.H.S., and A.L.T.), Genitourinary Medical Oncology (N.M.T.), and Orthopaedic Oncology (V.O.L.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Percutaneous thermal ablation, including microwave ablation (MWA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and cryoablation, is a well-established focal treatment option for primary and metastatic malignancies. While published literature specific to ablation of sarcomas is relatively lacking compared with non-sarcomatous malignancies, what is available is promising. In situations where a focal treatment option is desired, strong consideration should be given to percutaneous thermal ablation, in addition to surgery and radiation therapy. A significant advantage of percutaneous thermal ablation over surgery and radiation includes the repeatability of ablation, as there is no absolute limit on the number of times an ablation can be performed. Compared with surgery, ablation offers the potential of decreased recovery time, a less invasive procedure, and is often performed in patients deemed not medically fit for surgery.
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Filippiadis D, Mavrogenis AF, Mazioti A, Palialexis K, Megaloikonomos PD, Papagelopoulos PJ, Kelekis A. Metastatic bone disease from breast cancer: a review of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2017; 27:729-736. [PMID: 28597402 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-017-1986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal-related events in patients with metastatic bone disease include intractable severe pain, pathologic fracture, spinal cord and nerve compression, hypercalcemia and bone marrow aplasia. In patients with breast cancer, the skeleton is the most frequent site for metastases. Treatment options for metastatic bone disease in these patients include bisphosphonates, chemotherapeutic agents, opioids, hormonal therapy, minimally invasive/interventional and surgical techniques. Interventional oncology techniques for breast cancer patients with bone metastases include diagnostic (biopsy) and therapeutic (palliative and curative) approaches. In the latter, percutaneous ablation, augmentation and stabilization are included. The purpose of this article is to describe the basic concepts of biopsy, ablation, embolization and peripheral skeleton augmentation techniques in patients with metastatic bone disease from breast carcinoma. The necessity for a tailored approach applying different techniques for different cases and locations will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Filippiadis
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece.
| | - Andreas F Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Mazioti
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palialexis
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis D Megaloikonomos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis J Papagelopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Kelekis
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, Holargos, 15562, Athens, Greece
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Barile A, Arrigoni F, Zugaro L, Zappia M, Cazzato RL, Garnon J, Ramamurthy N, Brunese L, Gangi A, Masciocchi C. Minimally invasive treatments of painful bone lesions: state of the art. Med Oncol 2017; 34:53. [PMID: 28236103 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of the interventional radiology (IR) in the musculoskeletal system, and in particular in the bone, is a field of knowledge that is growing significantly in the last years with indications for treatment of both benign and malign lesions. In this paper, we review the state of the art of this application of the IR in the bone (bone metastasis and benign bone lesions) with discussion about all the techniques today used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barile
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesco Arrigoni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi Zugaro
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marcello Zappia
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Luigi Cazzato
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Garnon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nitin Ramamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Luca Brunese
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Afshin Gangi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carlo Masciocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Prospective 1-year follow-up pilot study of CT-guided microwave ablation in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue malignant tumours. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:1477-1485. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the current guidelines and recommendations for percutaneous image-guided treatment of musculoskeletal tumors. CONCLUSION With the ongoing technologic advances, it is essential that the musculoskeletal interventionalist is familiar with the current tools and techniques available for the treatment of soft-tissue and bone tumors. Fortunately, many of these tools are readily available in a standard interventional radiology department and can be easily applied to the musculoskeletal system.
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28
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Song Y, Zheng J, Yan M, Ding W, Xu K, Fan Q, Li Z. The Effect of Irreversible Electroporation on the Femur: Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18187. [PMID: 26655843 PMCID: PMC4674754 DOI: 10.1038/srep18187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablation method that has been tested in humans with lung, prostate, kidney, liver, lymph node and presacral cancers. As a new non-thermal treatment, the use of IRE to ablate tumors in the musculoskeletal system might reduce the incidence of fractures. We aimed to determine the ablation threshold of cortical bone and to evaluate the medium- and long-term healing process and mechanical properties of the femur in a rabbit model post-IRE ablation. The ablation threshold of cortical bone was between 1090 V/cm and 1310 V/cm (120 pulses). IRE-ablated femurs displayed no detectable fracture but did exhibit signs of recovery, including osteoblast regeneration, angiogenesis and bone remodeling. In the ablation area, revascularization appeared at 4 weeks post-IRE. Osteogenic activity peaked 8 weeks post-IRE and remained high at 12 weeks. The mechanical strength decreased briefly 4 weeks post-IRE but returned to normal levels within 8 weeks. Our experiment revealed that IRE ablation preserved the structural integrity of the bone cortex, and the ablated bone was able to regenerate rapidly. IRE may hold unique promise for in situ bone tissue ablation because rapid revascularization and active osteogenesis in the IRE ablation area are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Department of Urologic and Pediatric Surgery, NO. 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, NO. 5 Guangrong Street, Shenyang, 110003, P.R.China.,Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, NO. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, P.R.China
| | - Mingwei Yan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P.R.China
| | - Weidong Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P.R.China
| | - Kui Xu
- Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
| | - Qingyu Fan
- Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
| | - Zhao Li
- Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, NO. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, P.R.China
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Bludau F, Reis T, Schneider F, Clausen S, Wenz F, Obertacke U. [Kyphoplasty combined with intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT). Alternative therapy for patients with oligometastatic spinal metastases]. Radiologe 2015; 55:859-67. [PMID: 26420600 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-015-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to a more effective systemic therapy the survival of patients suffering from malignant tumors has been significantly improved but a longer life span is often associated with a higher incidence of osseous metastases. The majority of these metastases are localized in the spine causing pain, instability and neurological impairments. The interdisciplinary management of spinal metastases previously consisted of stabilization followed by fractionated external body radiation therapy. A reduction in procedural severity and morbidity as well as consideration of self-sufficiency and hospitalization time are important target parameters for these palliative patients. METHOD AND RESULTS Kyphoplasty combined with intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT) is one of several modern treatment options, which involves a minimally invasive procedure with local high-dose transpedicular irradiation of the spine with low-energy (50 kV) X-rays. Immediately following irradiation, stabilization of the spine is carried out using kyphoplasty via the same access route so that a single stage procedure with excellent pain reduction and good local tumor control can be achieved. This article presents clinical data for this procedure and the different fields of indications are critically reviewed and compared to other therapy options. Methodological improvements and options for further individualization of therapy are demonstrated. CONCLUSION The Kypho-IORT procedure is a safe, feasible and beneficial modern treatment option for instant stabilization and local tumor control in patients with spinal metastases. More than 100 operations have been successfully performed so that the method can be deemed suitable for inclusion in the clinical routine. A phase II dose escalation study has now been completed and submitted for publication and a 2-arm non-inferiority trial (phase III study) for comparison with conventional irradiation is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bludau
- Orthopädisch-Unfallchirurgisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
| | - T Reis
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - F Schneider
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S Clausen
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - F Wenz
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - U Obertacke
- Orthopädisch-Unfallchirurgisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
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Wei Z, Zhang K, Ye X, Yang X, Zheng A, Huang G, Wang J. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation combined with osteoplasty for palliative treatment of painful extraspinal bone metastases from lung cancer. Skeletal Radiol 2015; 44:1485-90. [PMID: 26112311 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-015-2195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) combined with osteoplasty in lung cancer patients with painful extraspinal bone metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2011 to July 2014, 26 lung cancer patients with 33 painful extraspinal bone metastases underwent percutaneous MWA combined with osteoplasty. Effectiveness was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and daily morphine dose with a follow-up of 6-months. Complications were also recorded. RESULTS Mean VAS score and morphine dose pre-procedure were 7.4 ± 1.6 (range, 5-10) and 47.7 ± 30.1 mg (range, 20-120 mg), respectively. Technical success and pain relief were achieved in all patients. Mean VAS scores and daily morphine doses post-procedure were as follows: 48 h, 1.7 ± 1.2 (p < 0.001) and 29.6 ± 16.1 mg (p = 0.003); 7 days, 1.9 ± 1.7 (p < 0.001) and 16.1 ± 12.0 mg (p < 0.001); 1 month, 1.5 ± 0.9 (p < 0.001) and 10.8 ± 10.9 (p < 0.001); 3 months, 0.9 ± 0.7 (p < 0.001) and 8.4 ± 9.2 mg (p < 0.001); and 6 months, 1.2 ± 0.8 (p < 0.001) and 9.2 ± 12.3 mg (p < 0.001). Complications were observed in eight patients (28%); among these, major complications were reported in two (7.7%) patients, one with local infection and the other with a bone fracture. The minor complication rate was 23.1% (6/26). CONCLUSION MWA combination with osteoplasty appeared to be an effective and safe treatment for lung cancer patients with painful extraspinal bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, China,
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Wallace AN, Robinson CG, Meyer J, Tran ND, Gangi A, Callstrom MR, Chao ST, Van Tine BA, Morris JM, Bruel BM, Long J, Timmerman RD, Buchowski JM, Jennings JW. The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group Algorithms. Oncologist 2015; 20:1205-15. [PMID: 26354526 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group consists of medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists from multiple comprehensive cancer centers who have developed evidence- and expert opinion-based algorithms for managing metastatic spine disease. The purpose of these algorithms is to facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding the use of available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation. This consensus document details the evidence supporting the Working Group algorithms and includes illustrative cases to demonstrate how the algorithms may be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Wallace
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Clifford G Robinson
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Meyer
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nam D Tran
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Afshin Gangi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew R Callstrom
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel T Chao
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan M Morris
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian M Bruel
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremiah Long
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert D Timmerman
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob M Buchowski
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack W Jennings
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Neurooncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Strasbourg School of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Image-guided ablation (IGA) techniques have evolved considerably over the past 20 years and are increasingly used to definitively treat small primary cancers of the liver and kidney. IGA is recommended by most guidelines as the best therapeutic choice for patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-defined as either a single tumour smaller than 5 cm or up to three nodules smaller than 3 cm-when surgical options are precluded, and has potential as first-line therapy, in lieu of surgery, for patients with very early stage tumours smaller than 2 cm. With regard to renal cell carcinoma, despite the absence of any randomized trial comparing the outcomes of IGA with those of standard partial nephrectomy, a growing amount of data demonstrate robust oncological outcomes for this minimally invasive approach and testify to its potential as a standard-of-care treatment. Herein, we review the various ablation techniques, the supporting evidence, and clinical application of IGA in the treatment of primary liver and kidney cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Breen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Riccardo Lencioni
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Building No. 29, 2nd Floor, Via Paradisa 2, IT-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Filippiadis DK, Tutton S, Mazioti A, Kelekis A. Percutaneous image-guided ablation of bone and soft tissue tumours: a review of available techniques and protective measures. Insights Imaging 2014; 5:339-46. [PMID: 24838839 PMCID: PMC4035489 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-014-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary or metastatic osseous and soft tissue lesions can be treated by ablation techniques. Methods These techniques are classified into chemical ablation (including ethanol or acetic acid injection) and thermal ablation (including laser, radiofrequency, microwave, cryoablation, radiofrequency ionisation and MR-guided HIFU). Ablation can be performed either alone or in combination with surgical or other percutaneous techniques. Results In most cases, ablation provides curative treatment for benign lesions and malignant lesions up to 3 cm. Furthermore, it can be a palliative treatment providing pain reduction and local control of the disease, diminishing the tumour burden and mass effect on organs. Ablation may result in bone weakening; therefore, whenever stabilisation is undermined, bone augmentation should follow ablation depending on the lesion size and location. Conclusion Thermal ablation of bone and soft tissues demonstrates high success and relatively low complication rates. However, the most common complication is the iatrogenic thermal damage of surrounding sensitive structures. Nervous structures are very sensitive to extremely high and low temperatures with resultant transient or permanent neurological damage. Thermal damage can cause normal bone osteonecrosis in the lesion’s periphery, surrounding muscular atrophy and scarring, and skin burns. Successful thermal ablation requires a sufficient ablation volume and thermal protection of the surrounding vulnerable structures. Teaching points • Percutaneous ablations constitute a safe and efficacious therapy for treatment of osteoid osteoma. • Ablation techniques can treat painful malignant MSK lesions and provide local tumour control. • Thermal ablation of bone and soft tissues demonstrates high success and low complication rates. • Nerves, cartilage and skin are sensitive to extremely high and low temperatures. • Successful thermal ablation occasionally requires thermal protection of the surrounding structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios K Filippiadis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", 1 Rimini str, 12462, Athens, Greece,
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